考研英语一族中国式陷阱--阅读视角混淆
“巽如疾影”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇考研英语一族中国式陷阱--阅读视角混淆，以下是小编帮大家整理后的考研英语一族中国式陷阱--阅读视角混淆，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到您。
篇1：考研一族中国式陷阱--大作文语言错误
考研一族中国式陷阱--大作文语言错误
语言方面是判卷关注的第二个方面。语言错误较多会扣分，而太多的'话就会降低评分档次。有些语言错误是阅卷老师比较关注的，考生必须尽力避免。事实上，考生只要细心，可以少犯乃至不犯这类错误。这些错误包括：
1.句子的主语和谓语不一致
2.时态
3.名词的单复数
4.定冠词和不定冠词
5.搭配
6.单词的拼写
例一，
错误：More and more people believe smoking do harm to health, waste money. (主谓不一致)
正确：More and more people believe smoking does harm to health, and is a waste of money.
例二，
错误：If the law said that the man who destroy the wildlife’s environment will be fined 10,000 dollars, there will be less people to do that. (时态)
正确：If the law says that the man who destroys the wildlife’s environment will be fined 10,000 dollars, there will be fewer offenders.
例三，
错误：So some of the wildlives become homeless and extinction. (名词的单复数)
正确：So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.
例四，
错误：For above-mentioned reasons, I believe the consumption of tobacco will decrease and all problems it causes will be solved. (定冠词)
正确：For the above-mentioned reasons, I believe the consumption of tobacco will decrease and all the problems it causes will be solved.
例五，
错误：Although the light is weak, it plays a great effect which will make people more firmly than before. (搭配)
正确：Although the light is weak, it has a great effect which will make people more firm than before.
例六，
错误：We should take effective methods to deduce the number of fishing boats in the sea. (拼写)
正确：We should take effective measures to reduce the number of fishing boats in the sea.
篇2：考研一族中国式陷阱--大作文审题误区
考研一族中国式陷阱--大作文审题误区
关于大作文如何写，前面已经详细讨论。大作文在判卷的时候注重两个方面：内容与语言。今天反思考生在写大作文时的内容问题---审题误区。审题必须注意下列方面：
1.研读作文指令
2.翻译说明文字
3.解读图画本身
关于研读作文指令，主要误区有：
1.不看标题
即使是图画作文，有时文章有标题，就要看标题，按照标题限定的范围来写。如的作文给出了标题Cultures---National and International，与其他年的图画作文不同，这是审题的重点之一。由标题可以看出，作文的关键词是cultures，修饰词是“National”和“International”，结合图画下面的说明文字 An American girl in traditional Chinese costume，可以确定本文的落脚点，即立意是文化交流。有的考生将本文写成了中美或中西文化对比，就是偏题。
2.不看提纲
如果不看提纲，就会出现文不对要求的情况。
除了研读作文指令以外，翻译说明文字方面也会出现误区。有的考生看了看图画就开始写作，丝毫不注意图画下面的说明文字，使得写出来的文章的落脚点与图画的立意不能完全吻合。如何做好这一点呢？只需在写作时将图画下面的.说明文字翻译成英语就可以了。例如，作文的说明文字是“温室花朵经不起风雨”，在写作时将它翻译成英语就可以了：The flower in the greenhouse cannot withstand the wind and rain。
解读图画本身也容易出现误区，如过于关注细节而忽略大的方面，或者因此而使自己的水平无法发挥。例如，关于20的作文，有的范文竟然如此琐碎地描写美国姑娘的穿戴，令读者望而却步：
The jeweled headdress, beaded necklace and earrings with tassels and silk attire with ribbons typify the traditional costume of Chinese minority nationality girls.
综上所述，写作时必须迅速准确地审题，以达到不偏题、紧扣图画立意的目的。
篇3：考研英语冲刺 阅读之视角混淆
考研英语冲刺 阅读之视角混淆
考研阅读得分的提高，在很大程度上取决于错误选项的辨认，因为考研阅读的错误选项的干扰性很强，常使不善分辨的考生轻易掉入陷阱。干扰选项所体现的特征与中国人的思维有关，所以我称它们为中国式陷阱。关于阅读方面的`中国式陷阱将从三个方面进行论述，今天讨论第一个方面： 视角混淆。所谓视角混淆，就是指问题涉及的是一个主体，而选项描述的是另一个主体的特征。例如，选项说到的主体是A，而一个选项描述的是B的特征，这一选项就是干扰选项。视角混淆这一陷阱常出现于作者的观点与文中其他人的观点之间，有时也出现于原文两种相对的人之间，需要加以注意。
例一，
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God.” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”
The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are______.
[A] impolite to new arrivals
[B] very conscious of their godlike role
[C] entitled to some privileges
[D] very busy even during lunch hours
这是一道有名的难题，难点在于问题中提到doctors与nurses两个主体，不易判断问题针对的是哪一个。事实上，in the eyes of nurses告诉我们问题问的是护士们对医生怎么看。问题的意思是“关于医生的笑话暗示护士们认为医生如何。”这一笑话在二段，它的含义在二段末句： “噢，那是上帝，但有时候他认为自己是个医生。”笑话中的医生自认为是上帝时，举动很不礼貌：买饭时推人，拿了东西就吃，这样显得自己很重要。医生的这些举动代表他们平时的表现，这是护士们眼中的医生形象：没有礼貌、目中无人，B“医生把自己看得像上帝一样重要”符合此意，为正确答案。C“应该享有一些特权”与原文不符，因为问题是“护士眼中的医生如何”，虽然医生认为自己应该享有特权，但护士并不这样认为，所以C是干扰选项。
例二，
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept―what you think you want to do―then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.
Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
[A] Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits.
[C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches.
这也是一道难题。能否做对此题，关键在于是否注意到“视角混淆”这一陷阱。问题的意思是 “search agents的不足之处”，这是二段和三段的内容。三段开始指出：For any job search, you should start...，但是 “None of these programs do that”，原因是 “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this”(但是所有项目中都不包含职业咨询)。A“缺乏咨询”符合此意，为正确答案。C选项和D选项没有明确作为search agents的不足之处提出，是干扰选项。B选项的内容与原文不符，因为二段末指出增加求职标准就减少了可能性，这不等于说访问次数受限，因为是否访问取决于访问者本人。当然，减少了可能性也不等于求职意向与职位的成功匹配减少，因为可能出现这种情况：增加求职标准使得成功匹配的可能性更大或与不增加时持平。简而言之，如果根据问题中的视角“search agents”直接寻找答案就容易得多，因为只有A是原文明确提到的search agents的缺点，而其他几个选项都是从求职者的角度而言的。
例三，
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.
[B] the company is financially ill-managed.
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.
[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise.
这道题也涉及视角混淆问题，正确答案是D。不少考生选A，原因可能是对问题所要求的视角(小镇居民的视角)判断不准。
篇4：考研一族英语阅读模拟练习之一
考研一族英语阅读模拟练习之一
阅读模拟练习之一
Text 1
Each year, 1,400 high-school students from more than 40 countries are invited to compete in the prestigious Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (Intel ISEF), the world’s largest precollege science contest. The select group of young scientists is chosen from the several million students who compete in local and regional science fairs throughout the year. Participants compete for $3 million in scholarships and prizes, presenting projects in 15 categories like medicine, biochemistry, computer science and zoology. Earning top honors isn’t the only goal for contestants. Nineteen percent (or 274) of the finalists at the competition held last month have already begun the process to patent their projects.
Ammem Abdulrasool, a senior at the Illinois Junior Academy of Science, won top honors at this year’s Intel ISEF for his project, “Prototype for Autonomy: Pathway for the Blind.” He walked away with $70,000 in prize money and a free trip to October’s Nobel Prize ceremony. Abdulrasool developed technology that allows visually impaired individuals to navigate themselves from one location to another by using the Global Positioning System. Individuals wear a half-kilo Walkman-size device, a bracelet on each arm and a pair of earphones. After entering a starting and ending location into a personal digital assistant (PDA), they are guided with verbal commands that tell them when and in what direction to turn. Simultaneously, a bracelet vibrates signaling the correct direction. To test his device, Abdulrasool recruited 36 blind adults and asked them to visit five landmarks in his neighborhood. The navigational tool saved people an average of 26 minutes in travel time and reduced the number of errors (wrong turns and missed locations). “Looking at how hard it was for them to travel and how they were dependent on everyone else motivated me to do something,” he said. Abdulrasool hopes are applying for a patent and then plan to market the product commercially.
In the fair’s 56-year history, a number of projects have been implemented for commercial use. Michael Nyberg, a competitor, hoped to reduce the number of West Nile virus infections through acoustics. With a bucket of mosquito larvae and a sound generator, Nyberg discovered that a 24 kHz frequency resonated with the natural frequency of mosquitoes’ internal organs: larvae that absorbed the acoustic energy would explode. His sound-emitting device, Larvasonic, is now sold online (www.larvasonic.com). Tiffany Clark, a competitor, found evidence that bacteria produced the methane gas found inside coal seams in Wyoming’s Powder River Basin. This suggested that injecting nutrients into coal seams might provide an unlimited supply of natural gas. A Denver-based technology firm is now continuing Clark’s high-school research. And someday soon, blind people around the world may be wearing bracelets that issue GPS commands.
21. How are young people selected to participate in Intel ISEF?
［A］ They are pre-university students.
［B］ They must win science competitions in their home countries.
［C］ They must patent or be about to patent an invention.
［D］ They are chosen from young people who take part in science competitions.
22. Which of these is NOT mentioned as an advantage of Abdulrasool’s device?
［A］ It enables blind people to get from A to B faster.
［B］ It helps them avoid obstacles.
［C］ It gives information to blind people in more than one way.
［D］ It is extremely light.
23. How are Abdulrasool’s invention and those of Michael Nyberg and Tiffany Clark similar?
［A］ Their inventions all have organic components.
［B］ They all won the Intel ISEF competition, though in different years.
［C］ They all have, or could have, profitable applications.
［D］ None of them have patents yet.
24. How does Tiffany Clark’s idea work?
［A］ She feeds underground bacteria and they produce natural gas.
［B］ Bacteria eat coal and produce natural gas.
［C］ Bacteria are injected with coal molecules and produce natural gas.
［D］ Bacteria extract natural gas from coal and are then harvested.
25. Which of the following statements about the Intel ISEF competition is true?
［A］ It began in the 1960’s.
［B］ The biggest prize this year was $3 million.
［C］ There are 15 prizes in a variety of categories.
［D］ Many participants have patented ideas and inventions.
Text 2
Ten years ago, Pierre Omidyar, a software engineer working in California’s Silicon Valley, began thinking about how to use the internet for a trading system in which buyers and sellers could establish a genuine market price. Over a long holiday weekend he wrote the computer code. At first, a trickle of users arrived at his website―including his girlfriend, who traded PEZ candy dispensers. By the end of 1995, several thousand auctions had been completed and interest in eBay was growing. And it grew and grew. From this modest beginning, eBay has become a global giant, with around 150m registered users worldwide who are set to buy and sell goods worth more than $40 billion this year.
篇5：考研一族英语阅读模拟练习之二
考研一族英语阅读模拟练习之二
阅读模拟练习之二
Text 3
Being the founder of the Internet’s largest encyclopedia means Jimmy Wales gets a lot of bizarre e-mail. There are the correspondents who assume he wrote Wikipedia himself and is therefore an expert on everything―like the guy who found vials of mercury in his late grandfather’s attic and wanted Wales, a former options trader, to tell him what to do with them. But the e-mails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who have just discovered they have total freedom to edit just about any Wikipedia entry at the click of a button. Oh my God, they write, you’ve got a major security flaw!
As the old techie saying goes, it’s not a bug, it’s a feature. Wikipedia is a free open-source encyclopedia, which basically means that anyone can log on and add to or edit it. And they do. It has a stunning 1.5 million entries in 76 languages-and counting. Academics are upset by what they see as info anarchy. Loyal Wikipedians argue that collaboration improves articles over time, just as free open-source software like Linux and Firefox is more robust than for-profit competitors because thousands of amateur programmers get to look at the code and suggest changes. It’s the same principle that New Yorker writer James Surowiecki asserted in his best seller The Wisdom of Crowds: large groups of people are inherently smarter than an élite few.
Wikipedia is in the vanguard of a whole wave of wikis built on that idea. A wiki is a deceptively simple piece of software (little more than five lines of computer code) that you can download for free and use to make a website that can be edited by anyone you like. Need to solve a thorny business problem overnight and all members of your team are in different time zones? Start a wiki. In Silicon Valley, at least, wiki culture has already taken root.
Inspired by Wikipedia, a Silicon Valley start-up called Socialtext has helped set up wikis at a hundred companies, including Nokia and Kodak. Business wikis are being used for project management, mission statements and cross-company collaborations. Instead of e-mailing a vital Word document to your co-workers―and creating confusion about which version is the most up-to-date―you can now literally all be on the same page: as a wiki Web page, the document automatically reflects all changes by team members. Socialtext CEO Ross Mayfield claims that accelerates project cycles 25%. “A lot of people are afraid because they have to give up control over information,” he says. “But in the end, wikis foster trust.”
31. Why do many people think that Wikipedia has a “major security flaw”?
［A］ It has lots of bugs.
［B］ Because they don’t understand the concept of a wiki.
［C］ Because Jimmy Wales is not a computer expert.
［D］ Because a wiki is a simple computer code.
32. Why are many academics unhappy with the idea of a Wikipedia?
［A］ Because they don’t trust online encyclopaedias.
［B］ Because all information in Wikipedia is inherently unreliable.
［C］ Because they believe that certain information should not be available on the internet.
［D］ Because anyone can add or change the information in it.
33. Which of the following is NOT given as an advantage of a wiki?
［A］ You can choose who edits it.
［B］ Wiki software is free.
［C］ Any bugs in the code can be changed easily.
［D］ It’s easy to use.
34. Why do “wikis foster trust”?
［A］ Because the people who use it need to trust the information other users post on it.
［B］ Because they are used in business contexts.
［C］ Because they can be used in a wide variety of situations.
［D］ Because only trustworthy people use them.
35. What kind of reader is the article aimed at?
［A］ Computer specialists.
［B］ Academics who don’t like wikis.
［C］ Computer science students.
［D］ The general reader with an interest in computing.
Text 4
“How do I get into journalism?” is a question that almost anyone who works in this trade will have been asked by friends, godchildren, passing students and, in some cases, their parents. The answer, of course, is: “with difficulty”.
A breezily written new book by the writer, broadcaster and former editor of the Independent on Sunday, Kim Fletcher, recognises this. Its purpose, broadly, is to answer the question posed above, and to offer some tips on how to stay in journalism once you get there. Tenacity matters above all; and there’s a reason to be tenacious. Journalists now are arguably more professional, and certainly more sober, than in the hot metal days of old Fleet Street, but being a hack is still more fun than a barrel of monkeys. You get to have adventures and then write about them. As Fletcher says: “You would do it even if they didn’t pay you.”
Landing that job is a cat that can be skinned in dozens of ways. In the old days, you’d learn the trade as an indentured apprentice on a regional newspaper―working your way through the newsroom covering jam-making competitions and parish council meetings and, occasionally, bracing yourself for the grim task of the “death-knock”, where you interview the grieving parents of that week’s Tragic Tot, and trouser as many of their family photographs as you can. And thence, in some cases, to Fleet Street―though as Mr. Fletcher points out, nationals are not the be-all and end-all of journalism, and many extremely good hacks prefer to remain on local papers, or ply their trade happily in magazines.
篇6：考研英语易混淆词汇比较记忆
1. abide, adhere, conform, comply
这四个研究生入学考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。
abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。
I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。
adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)
Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。
conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。
All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。
comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。
Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。
2. abnormal, uncommon, disordered
这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。
abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。
His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)
uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。
Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。
That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！
disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。
We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。
3.abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish
这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。
abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。
The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。
cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。
The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。
eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。
The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。
The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。
dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)
After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。
erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。
I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。
exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。
he restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。
extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。
Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。
4. abstract, digest, outline, summary
这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。
abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。
I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。
digest n. (篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。
Reader's Digest《读者文摘》
outline n.要点，大纲，概要。
She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。
summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。
5. absurd, ridiculous, silly
这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。
absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。
There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。
ridiculous a.荒.唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。
It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒.唐可笑的。
silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。
a silly little boy傻小子
6.abundant, plentiful
这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。
abundant a. (数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。
plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。
Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。
7. accent, tone, dialect
这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。
accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。
He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。
tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。
He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。
dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。
the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect四川方言
8. access, assess
这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。
access n.接近，进入。
The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。
assess v.评估(财产，价值)。
I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。
9. accommodate, afford, furnish
这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。
accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。
The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。
afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。
We can't afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。
The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。
furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。
10. accomplishment, attainment, achievement
这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。
accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。
Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。
Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。
attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。
a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者
achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。
11. accuse, charge
两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。
accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。
The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。
charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。
篇7：考研英语易混淆的词语
1) a big time：尽兴，高兴的时刻
e.g. I had a big time there.
the big time：第一流，最高级
e.g. Don’t worry, you are in the big time now.
2) according to：按照，根据
e.g. They were commended or criticized according to their work.
according as：随……而定
e.g. The thermometer rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold.
3) admit to：承认
e.g. I have to admit to a dislike for modern music.
admit sb.(in) to：允许某人进入某地或加入某组织、行业
e.g. They have admitted me into their club.
4) all for：完全赞成
e.g. I am all for holding a meeting to discuss it.
for all：尽管
e.g. They could not open the box for all their forces.
5) all in all：总的说来
e.g. All in all, it is a success.
all in：疲倦，筋疲力尽
e.g. He was all in, but he stuck it out.
6) as it is (was)：照目前的情况来看
e.g. As it is, we shall be able to complete our task in time.
as it were：可以说，姑且这样说
e.g. He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.
7) as much as：几乎，实际上
e.g. By running away he as much as admitted that he had taken the money.
as much…as：与……一样多
e.g. It is as much our responsibility as yours.
8) as well：也，还是……为好
e.g. He gave me advice, and money as well.
Since you have begun to do it, you may as well finish it.
as well as：不仅……而且，除……之外
e.g. With television, we see a picture as well as hearing sound.
Small towns as well as big cities are being rapidly industrialized.
9) at one time从前某个时期
e.g. At one time, we met frequently.
at a time：每次，一次
e.g. You can borrow only two books at a time.
10) attach to：属于，归因于
e.g. No blame attaches to him.
attach oneself to：参加，加入
e.g. He attached himself to the group of climbers.
11) be a credit to：为……增光
e.g. I hope you will be a credit to your school.
do credit to：为……增进荣誉
e.g. This piece of work does credit to you.
12) bear in mind：记住
e.g. I hope you will bear in mind all I am saying.
have in mind：考虑
e.g. Don’t give your confidence to others regarding the plan you have in mind.
13) begin with：以……为起点
e.g. He advised me to begin with something easy.
to begin with：首先
e.g. To begin with, we must consider the problem from all sides.
14) build up：逐步建成，增强
e.g. They are trying hard to build up an independent economy.
He went for an ocean voyage and built up his health.
build on：以……为基础，依赖
e.g. Let’s build on your idea.
We shall build on your supporting us.
15) by day：在白天
e.g. Most of them work by day and study by night.
by the day：(指工作报酬等)按日计算
e.g. Will you pay me by the day or by the hour?
16) can but只好……罢了
e.g. We can but try to make him see how unreasonable he has been.
cannot but：不得不，禁不住
e.g. I cannot but tell her the truth.(=I cannot help telling her the truth)
17) come forth：出现，发行
e.g. Many new things are coming forth..
Do you know that a set of new stamps has come forth?
come forward：自告奋勇，提出供讨论
They have come forward with an offer to help.
The matter was deferred at last evening’s meeting, but will come forward at our next session.
18) compare … to比拟(指出其中的相似点)
e.g. Man’s life is often compared to a candle.
compare … with：把……和……相比(指出其不同之处)
e.g. He compared his camera with mine.
19) consist in：包含在……中
e.g. Happiness consists in good health.
consist of：由……组成
e.g. The apartment consisted of two rooms and a kitchen.
20) end on：两端相碰，正对
e.g. The two ships collided each other end on.
We shouldn’t place the bicycles end on.
on end：竖着，连续地，不断地
e.g. Place the box on end.
She often works for 20 hours on end.
21) familiar to：某事为某人熟知
e.g. There were facts not familiar to me.
familiar with：熟悉或通晓某事
e.g. He is familiar with English, German and French..
22) feel for sb.：同情某人，为某人难过
e.g. I feel for you in your sorrow.
feel for sth：(用手、脚、棍子等)摸索，寻找某物
e.g. She felt under the pillow for her watch.
23) for a moment：片刻，一会儿
e.g. She was silent for a moment, weighing in her mind the pros and cons.
for the moment：此刻、暂时
e.g. I cannot recall his name for the moment.
24) get down：下去，下来;写下来
e.g. The bus was so jammed that I could not get down.
Here’s the telephone number I got down for you.
get down to：认真着手进行处理
e.g. It is no good shirking the job, it will have to be got down to.
25) get into trouble with sb.：遭到某人的(训斥等)
e.g. Poor Tom is always getting into trouble with the boss.
get sb. into trouble：使某人陷入困境
e.g. The letter got me into trouble.
26) give sb. a hand：帮助某人或参与某人做某事
e.g. Give me a hand with the cleaning, please.
give sb. one’s hand：与某人握手
e.g. She gave me her hand and wished me a good trip.
27) go through：检查，搜查;通过，穿过
e.g. They went through our luggage at the customs.
It took us a whole week to go through the great forest.
go through with：把……坚持到底
e.g. We should go through with the experiment now we’ve started.
28) good for：有益于
e.g. This book is good for your English study.
for good：永久地
e.g. The lost money was gone for good.
29) have a fancy for：爱好，喜爱
e.g. She has a fancy for nice clothes.
have a fancy that：猜想，认为
e.g. I have a fancy that he will come tonight.
30) head up：领头;领导
e.g. A band headed up the parade.
Mr. Jones will head up the new business.
heads up：注意，小心
e.g. Heads up, now! You can do better than that.
31) in a way：在某种程度上
e.g. In a way, it is an important book.
in the way：妨碍，挡路
I will visit you next weekend if there is nothing in the way.
32) in black：穿黑色衣服
e.g. Arabian women are always dressed in black clothes.
in the black：赢利，赚钱
New production methods put the company in the black.
33) in charge of：负责
e.g. Who is in charge of this work?
in the charge of：照护
e.g. The patients are in the charge of the nurse.
34) in hand：控制
e.g. There was a little rioting, but the police soon had the situation in hand.
hand in：递交，交给
e.g. He handed in his resignation in protest against it.
35) in one’s honor：向……表示敬意或感谢
e.g. The day was kept as a holiday in honor of victory.
on one’s honor：用人格担保
e.g. We were on our honor not to cheat on the exam.
36) in possession of：占有
e.g. He is in possession of this house.
in the possession of：被占有
e.g. The keys are in the possession of the door keeper.
37) in spirit：在内心，在精神上
e.g. In spirit, at least, these laws were very fair.
in spirits：情绪或心情(好、坏等)
e.g. He is in poor spirits because of his failing in the exam.
38) keep up：继续，保持
e.g. They entered into a correspondence which was kept up for almost ten years.
keep up with：与……齐步前进，跟上
e.g. With their help, he has kept up with the class.
39) look about：环视
e.g. He looked about him with great interest.
look about for：四处寻找
e.g. She was looking about for the key she had just lost.
40) look up：向上看
e.g. He looked up and nodded to me.
look up to：尊敬
e.g. It must be rewarding to be looked up to by so many people.
41) make one’s way：开路
e.g. As soon as he saw us, the teacher made his way through the crowd to greet us.
make one’s way to：向……走去
e.g. In the evening we made our way to the appointed meeting place.
篇8：考研英语阅读点拨 小心题设陷阱
考研英语阅读点拨 小心题设陷阱
考研考试，一篇400字文章大约可以在18-20分钟内容读完。作为更高级一点的考试，考研在文章字数增加不多的情况下，时间却增加了100%，为什么?是为了降低难度吗?肯定不是，四、六级考试是水平性考试，考研是选拔性考试，随着考研人数的增加，考研的难度只有可能增加，不可能降低。实际上，这增加的差不多10分钟时间是给考生用于思考的。考研考试的一个最大特征就是题目设计精密，干扰项设计具有很强的迷惑性。
考研考试中文章之外干扰考生选择正确选项的方式很多，笔者将题干中的干扰设置方式进行详尽的分析，并且总结出一些规律。希望能在最后冲刺阶段帮助广大考生再度提高分数。
随着广大学子对于考研重要性的认识越来越深刻，准备考研的时间越来越长，考研中已经很少出现那些“裸考”的考生。大部分考生在准备考研的过程中，都能够做到扫清词汇和语法障碍。但是在扫清了词汇和语法障碍之后，广大考生很快就会发现在阅读部分出现一个瓶颈，基本上都是5对2，或者5对3，很难继续进步。而且很多文章都是读懂了，但是题目还是做错了，看了答案也还不知道为什么做错的。这就是我们常说的，“死不瞑目”。
就如上文所分析的，参加过四、六级考试的考生过来准备考研需要有一个转变。那就是从快速答题，到低速谨慎答题的一个转变。参加过四、六级考试的考生在参加考研的时候普遍有一个习惯就是快速读过考题的题干，甚至是不读题干。或者按照自己头脑中对于题目的印象来答题或者根据对于文章的判断来答题。这在考研中是致命的，这样说基于两个原因。
1、考研考试中干扰设置不是凭空出现，或多或少在文章中都会提到，如果仅以在文章是否提到来判断的话，一定会出现错。
2、考研考试一种命题模式是题干中限定答案的范围。如果忽略这种范围，解题必错。
下面就几道考研真题来具体说明题干中需要注意的信息
What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America -- breakthroughs such as the telegraph， the steamboat and the weaving machine?
Among the many shaping factors， I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal， “spatial” thinking about things technological. (1996)
1.According to the author， the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to ________. [A] elementary schools [B] enthusiastic workers
[C] the attractive premium system [D] a special way of thinking
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured， cooperative creatures， and they share their food tardily. Above all， like their female human counterparts， they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. (2005)
2.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.
[A] more inclined to weigh what they get
[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions
[C] nice in both appearance and temperament
[D] more generous than their male companions
这两道题共同的特点就是题干中都有一个表示程度的限定词，第一道题中的`限定词是in large part，第二道题中的限定词是most。这两个词语的出现本身就有一重暗示，选项中应该有不止一个原因，但是这道题目要求回答出其中最重要的。第一道题会原文定位可以发现定位句“I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal， “spatial” thinking about things technological.”中含有四个并列成分1 excellent elementary schools;2a labor force;3the practice of giving premiums to inventors;4 the American genius for nonverbal， “spatial” thinking about things technological.
这四个内容在选项中都有出现。很多同学会因为先入为主的思维习惯选择A。但是注意到了题干中的限定信息，要求找其中影响最大的。我们就要比照四个因素哪个影响最大。原文中的第四点前出现了above all，这个短语表示最重要的是。所以此题应该选择D.
类似的2005年的考题中也出现了同样的情况，题干中出现most.选项中出现了列举。They look cute. They are good-natured， cooperative creatures， and they share their food tardily. Above all， like their female human counterparts， they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. 这些列举也分别被设计成了干扰项。但是其中受到强调的是above all 后面的这个因素。like their female human counterparts， they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. 所以此题答案为D
从上面的分析可以看出，阅读理解并不是简单的读懂文章就可以把题作对。还要能够审清题目，理解题目要求。一般来讲，题干中出现，表示时间，范围，程度，先后次序的词语需要考生谨慎对待。很有可能成为命题人精心设计的陷阱。
下面几个题干供广大考生回去练习。
请仔细观察题干，标示出其中限定性的词语。
1、According to the passage， one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because ___
2、The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ________.
3、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world， ________.
4、The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.
5、The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that ________.
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