对罗斯福的评价英文版
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篇1：对罗斯福的评价英文版
“New Deal” just launched, it caused widespread concern in American society from top to bottom, different political groups to give it a different evaluation. Roosevelt's strong opponent, the newspaper king Hearst, said the New Deal was a crude deal; it was not Soak the Rich, but Soak the Successful. John Goodwin, the famous American journalist and writer, said he had heard the best definition of the “New Deal”: “It is an attempt by some gutless liberals to save capitalism for the distraught capitalists.”There was also a condemnation of the “New Deal” as a fascist fascination of liberalism.
American economists have two views on the “New Deal”, one that the “New Deal” in encouraging the confidence of private enterprises without success, the basic conditions for the success of the capitalist order is to encourage entrepreneurial spirit entrepreneurs, and the induction of this spirit will need Stimulus and compensation, “New Deal” some measures is to suppress this spirit. The other group was Keynes and his followers, or half-followers, who argued that Roosevelt was not doing enough to make the national economy on the path of rejuvenation only if it really implemented a bold deficit-raising policy.
From Roosevelt's “New Deal” as the program for the presidency, to the “New Deal” throughout the implementation process, the United States has its two extremes of evaluation: a Roosevelt “New Deal” abandoned the American tradition, the most valuable liberalism Economic model, a socialist country like a “planned economy”, many conservatives (such as former President Hoover) fear Roosevelt will banks, railways and other important national economic sector nationalization, and ultimately the United States onto politics The other is more radical point of view that Roosevelt's reform is not thorough enough radical people initially Roosevelt have great expectations, they hope that through the “New Deal”, Roosevelt can not only solve the current crisis in the United States, But also to solve such as class, poverty, race and other deep-seated problems of American society.
It can be seen that the evaluation of Roosevelt's New Deal in the United States focused on the success of its intervention in the US economy, first, whether it was conducive to the political democratization of the United States.
篇2：对罗斯福的评价英文版
1) the view of historians
Many Soviet historical writings gave a certain degree of affirmation to the New Deal, but focused on exposing its deceptive and class nature, believing that the New Deal “gave the American working people a dangerous illusion that the capitalist countries had their progressive role.”Negative opinions of some scholars believe that the New Deal is “completely for the monopoly of the bourgeoisie things”, “has a great fascist nature” of the New Deal improvement measures, the concessions to the working class “is very deceptive, not conducive to revolution” , Therefore, the New Deal is a reactionary, plays a negative role in hindering the advance of history, should be denied. This view is not consistent with historical reality.
Chinese scholars in the eighties before the Roosevelt “New Deal” has been criticized that Roosevelt did not give up its class attributes, “New Deal” is still to strengthen the status of large business owners, in line with the interests of big capitalists, Roosevelt did everything But to consolidate the capitalist system. After 1980s, this evaluation system changed gradually. Under the premise of Roosevelt's class limitation and historical limitation, Chinese scholars made positive affirmation to Roosevelt's “New Deal”. Although Roosevelt still believed in the free enterprise system, But the belief in social justice and humanitarianism, the implementation of the “New Deal” to a certain extent, reflects the interests of ordinary people in the United States, which is progress.
Soviet and Chinese historians have long been deeply influenced by ideology, and used the method of class analysis to analyze and evaluate the New Deal, which is basically a negative position. With the liberation of thought after the reform and opening up, China's historians began to evaluate the trend of objective and comprehensive.
(2) the political point of view
The new evaluation of Roosevelt in the political world is relatively objective.Stalin's cautious appreciation of Roosevelt's New Deal, when it comes to the New Deal, states that it “limits the individual bad aspects of the old social system and limits the individual extreme performance of the old social system.” “Slightly suppresses the least Repression of the capitalist profits, a slight strengthening of the principle of national economic regulation, all of which are good.
The party and the people I had had had a high opinion of him when Roosevelt died. Comrade Mao Zedong and Comrade Zhu De in the telegram, said: ”The world will be deeply hurt this loss.“ The Xinhua Daily published an editorial entitled ”The Demise of the Democrats - Mourning Roosevelt's Mourning,“ saying that ”President Roosevelt faithfully inherited the best democratic traditions of Washington, Lincoln and Jefferson since his inauguration “In his early years in 1932, he was elected president, in 1929, the United States, the United States, the United States, the United States, the United States, the United States, the United States, After an unprecedented economic panic, he carried out the New Deal in a dauntless spirit. He replaced the imperialist foreign economic plunder with the policy of improving the people's living standard and expanding the purchasing power of the people. He survived the crisis and stabilized the national life. Policy to replace the coming anti-fascist war, the creation of the United States to become the preparatory work of the arsenal of the democratic country. ”“ His glorious fighting career, his people for the human spirit, he and his co-decision Of the four freedoms, the Atlantic Charter, the Tehran Charter and the Crimea Declaration, will be the common ideals of all mankind and will become the cornerstones of the consolidation of the future world peace institutions and will always be remembered in the memories of mankind. ”Today, Reviewing Roosevelt's realistic assessment of the year is a great help.
Roosevelt died in World War II, in order to win the United States against their country's anti-fascist war support, in order to maintain the unity of the anti-fascist camp, China and the Soviet Union spoke highly of Roosevelt and Roosevelt New Deal.
篇3：对罗斯福的评价英文版
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Roosevelt 's New Deal
Roosevelt's New Deal was a policy adjustment made by the American bourgeoisie to overcome the economic crisis. It was a partial adjustment of the relations of production in the form of state intervention in the form of state intervention in order to adapt it to the needs of social production under the precondition of safeguarding the capitalist system. It does not change the nature of capitalism, it is impossible to fundamentally eliminate the capitalist economic crisis. But it is the capitalist countries of the social and economic life and other aspects have a significant impact.
Its direct impact is: it to a certain extent, reduce the economic crisis on the serious destruction of American society and promote the recovery of social productivity, consolidate the rule of capitalism.
The indirect effect is: due to economic recovery, the relative ease of social contradictions, to a certain extent, restore people's confidence in the US national system, thereby curbing the economic crisis caused by fascism, to avoid countries such as Germany and Japan took to fascism The dictatorship of the road.
Its far-reaching impact is: the New Deal adopted by the state's policy of comprehensive economic intervention, opened up the capitalist countries to strengthen economic intervention policy precedent. This policy strengthened the American monopoly capitalism, which not only became the beginning of modern American monopoly capitalist economic system, but also had a serious impact on the development of economic policies of many other capitalist countries. Since then, the capitalist countries have gradually abandoned the traditional laissez-faire economic policy, gradually began to strengthen the government's macroeconomic regulation and control. After World War II, the state monopoly capitalism has been further developed.
Finally, some of the ancillary measures of the “New Deal” have had far-reaching implications for today. Such as the protection of the environment and resources. During the “New Deal” period, the Congress passed the “Land Conservation and Domestic Appropriations Act”, the Government sent a total of 2.5 million young people to participate in the “folk resources”, the United States and the United States in the United States in the 1930s, Protection team “, but also funded the purchase of large tracts of forest and scenic areas to establish national parks, wildlife reserves and so on. Another example is the ”New Deal“ to promote the active thinking of the United States and the prosperity of academic literature and art.Throughout the ”New Deal“ period, the US government funded a large number of artists, writers and dramatists, so that they can get rid of the economy on the one hand. Difficulties, independent creation, on the other hand, the Government commissioned by the art to the school and civil society. Roosevelt's cabinet is a gathering place for intellectuals, ”New Deal“ has all aspects of their participation, ”think tank“ the resulting word.
篇4：对泰戈尔的评价英文版
Tagore is to introduce the West to the Indian culture and the introduction of Western culture to India's influential figures. Born in May 7, 1861 Bengal Bengal in West Bengal, August 7, 1941 died in the same place. Families belong to businessmen and landlords, Brahman caste. His grandfather Devangat Tagore and his father, Dean Ranath Tagore, were social activists supporting social reform. Tagore went to Oriental College, Normal School and Bangladesh College, but did not complete the formal learning. His knowledge from the father and brother and the tutor of the ear, as well as their own efforts as much.
He started poetry from the age of 13, 14-year-old published a patriotic poem ”dedicated to the Hindu temple.“ In 1878, he went to England to study abroad, initially studying law, then transferred to the University of London to study English literature, study of Western music. In 1880 returned to China, specializing in literary creation. In 1884, left the city to the village to manage the ancestral field. In 1901, in Bangladesh Boll Puer near Santi Nick Tan founded the school, 1905 after the national liberation movement into the climax, Bangladesh and all the people of India are opposed to the Bangladesh division decision, the formation of vigorous anti-imperialist patriotic movement. Tagore went to Calcutta to join the movement, outraged, wrote a large number of patriotic poetry. But soon disagreed with the other leaders of the movement, he disagreed with the burning of British goods, abusive British ”direct action“, and advocated more ”constructive“ work, such as to rural areas to develop industry, eliminate poverty and ignorance. In 1907 he withdrew from the movement back to Santi Nick Tan, had lived in seclusion, buried creation. In 1913, he was the English version of ”Gitanjali“ won the Nobel Prize in Literature, hence the world famous literary world. University of Kolkata awarded him a Ph.D. The British government sealed him as a jazz. After the outbreak of the First World War, he has more than 10 times across the ocean, visit dozens of countries and regions, spread peace and friendship, cultural exchanges. In 1919, the Amritsar massacre occurred, the British army shot and killed more than 1,000 Indian civilians, Tagore statement to give up the title of jazz, to protest. In 1930, he visited the Soviet Union, wrote the ”Russian Letters“.
He condemned the Italian fascist aggression against Asiabil. Support the Government of the Spanish Republic against Fascist head Franco. After the outbreak of the Second World War, he wrote an article denouncing Hitler's injustice. He has always been concerned about the fate of world politics and people and supports the just cause of mankind. Many critics say the poet is a ”human child“. Because they are innocent, kind. In many modern poets, Tagore is a ”child's angel.“ His poem is like the innocent angel's face; looking at him, he ”feels the meaning of everything“, feels peace, feels comfort, and knows the truth. ”Tagore's philosophy“ says that the popularity of Tagore's writings attracts the interest of people all over the world, half in his idealistic idealism and half in the solemnity and beauty of his literary works.Tagor's literary activity begins Very early.
At the age of fourteen, he began to write the script. Later, he and his friends gradually translated into many kinds of English, poems have ”gardeners set“, ”new moon“, ”fruit collection“ ”birds“, ”Gitanjali“, ”love gift“And” Qi Road “; script:” sacrifice and other “,” post office “,” the dark room of the king “,” spring cycle. “; Essays:” students “,” personality “ : ”My memories“, ”hungry stone and other“, ”family and the world“ and so on. In Bengali, according to the Indians, his poems are more beautiful than the English ones: he is the first of our saints: the one who does not reject life, but who speaks the life itself, that is why we love him The reason.
His poems contain profound religious and philosophical insights. For Tagore, his poem is his gift to God, and he himself is the suitor of God. His poems in India enjoy epic status. He himself was seen by many Hindus as a saint. Participated in the leadership of the Indian Renaissance, in addition to poetry outside Tagore also wrote novels, essays, travels, drama and more than 2,000 songs.
His prose content is mainly social, political and educational, his poetry, in addition to its religious content, the most important is the description of nature and life. In Tagore's poetry, life itself and its multiplicity are reasons for joy. At the same time, his expression of love is one of the contents of his poetry.
His main works are poetry ”Gitanjali“, the novel ”two acres of land“ ”shipwreck“ and so on. In 1913 the work ”Gitanjali - hungry stone“ won the Nobel Prize in literature. Reason for winning: ”Because of his most sensitive, fresh and beautiful poem; this poem out of the superb skills, and because he himself expressed in English, his poetic thought has become a part of Western literature.“
Tagore made several trips, which led him to understand the many different cultures and the differences between them. His description of oriental and western culture is by far one of the finest of these descriptions.
Tagore's life is in India in the British colonial era spent. The destruction of the motherland, national humiliation, the tragic life of the colonial people, are deeply imprinted in Tagore's soul, the idea of patriotism in the beginning of his works in the strong expression. Although he was born in wealthy families, living in a complex society, but his love and hate is clear, creative thinking is clear, and always keep up with the pace of the times. At the height of the national independence movement, he wrote to the British Governor to protest colonial rule and to chant his own patriotic poetry. He has also resolutely abandoned the title and privilege granted by the British Government. The Indian people respected him and loved him, calling him a poet, the conscience of India and the soul of India.
Development of Thought and Artistic Achievement
Tagore was born in the era of rapid change, by the traditional philosophy of India and the impact of Western philosophy. But the most basic and most core part of his world view is the Indian tradition of pantheism, that is, ”Brahman“. In the ”colorful set“, he first proposed ”the god of life“ concept.His devotion to God is in harmony with the love of life, the nation and the people. But this also makes his poetry also cast a strong mysticism. In addition, he advocated the spiritual civilization of the East, but does not deny the Western material civilization. All these make his thoughts full of contradictions and performance in the creation. His thoughts and creative development, can be divided into three stages: ① young until 1910 years ago, he actively participated in anti-British political activities, sing a national hero, to promote patriotism, to promote national unity in India. ② reclusive life until 1919, once again active in the national movement, patriotic passion slightly subsided, strong political content of the poem was replaced by a mysterious poetry, but also by the Western symbolism, aestheticism, poetry, Love and Harmony. ③ From the 1919 Amritsar tragedy until his death, he began to care about politics, and actively into the national liberation struggle, the content of the work is full of political passion, vision is also open, and the world and human beings are very concerned about. It can be said that the creation of Tagore's life both ”Bodhisattva ci Mei“, but also ”King Kong angry.“ His poems by the Indian classical literature, Western poetry and the impact of Bangladesh folk lyric poetry, mostly without rhyme, not carving
His novels by the influence of Western novels, but also innovation, especially the poetic integration into them, the formation of a unique style.
Rabindranath Tagore Indian Bengali poet, writer, artist, social activist. Born in Kolkata, a richly educated family, the father is a famous religious reformer and social activist, six brothers are also dedicated to the social reform and the Renaissance. Rabindranath Tagore retired from the formal school education, family education and assiduously spent his youth, 1878 to study English law, then transferred to the University of London to study English literature, study of Western music.
Tagore childhood that emerge poem, his patriotic poem ”to the Hindu temple“ (1875) published, only 14 years old. In 1880, 19-year-old Tagore has become a professional writer. From 1881 to 1885, he published lyric poems ”Twilight“ (1882), ”Morning Song“ (1883), as well as drama and novels and other works. These early injuries are characterized by more fantasy than reality, full of romanticism.
The famous poem ”Two acres of land“ (1894) published, marking the Tagore from the religious mysticism to the profound (1890) is his first mature work, the famous poem ”two acres of land“ (1894)Humanitarianism. The poems of this period include the ”Golden Sailboat“ (1894), the ”Fantastic Collection“ (1896), the 5th Lyric Collection and the ”Epic Anthology“ (1900). In addition, he also created more than 60 short stories, including ”Su Pak“ (1893), ”Mo Mahmaya“ (1892), ”the last alive, or dead? “(18
92) was included in the world of outstanding short stories masterpiece of the forest.
In 1901, Tagore set up a school for the transformation of society, engaged in children's education experiment. In 1912, the school became an international university for Asian cultural exchange. As the British in Bangladesh to implement the policy of splitting, India in 1905 set off the first national liberation movement climax, Tagore actively involved in the movement and created many patriotic poems. This period is the most brilliant period of his creation. He published eight Bengali poetry collections and eight English poems, including ”Gitanjali“ for the poet to win a worldwide reputation. This period of important poems are ”gardeners set“ (1913), ”new moon“ (1915), ”birds“ (1916) and so on. In 1910, Tagore has published the epic novel ”Gora“ and the symbol of the play ”King“ and so on.
In 1919, India set off a second national liberation movement climax, to seek national liberation path, he traveled five continents, delivered many famous speech. This period of outstanding achievements is the political lyrics, were collected in ”Africa“ (1937), ”Edge set“ (1938), ”Birthday“ (1941) and other works.
Tagore has created more than 50 poems, 12 novels, more than 100 short stories, more than 20 kinds of drama, there are a lot of literature, philosophy, politics and travel books, and so on. In addition, he is a very accomplished musicians and painters, has created more than 2,000 songs and more than 1,500 paintings, of which the song ”the will of the people“ has been designated as the national anthem.
In more than 60 years of artistic career, he inherited the fine traditions of classical and folk literature, absorbed the rich nutrition of European romanticism and realistic literature, reached the level of perfection in the creation, and achieved brilliant achievements and become a generation of cultural giants. In 1913, ”because of his most sensitive, fresh and beautiful poem; this poem with superb skills, and by his own expression in English, so that his poetic thought has been a part of Western literature“ Won the Nobel Prize in Literature. The British government sealed him as a jazz.
篇5：对莎士比亚的评价英文版
In examining Shakespeare's life, three broad points should be kept in mind from the start. First, despite the frustration of Shakespeare biographers with the absence of a primary source of information written during (or even shortly after) his death on 23 April 1616 (his fifty-second birthday), Shakespeare's life is not obscure. In fact, we know more about Shakespeare's life, its main events and contours, than we know about most famous Elizabethans outside of the royal court itself.
Shakespeare's life is unusually well-documented: there are well over 100 references to Shakespeare and his immediate family in local parish, municipal, and commercial archives and we also have at least fifty observations about Shakespeare's plays (and through them, his life) from his contemporaries. The structure of Shakespeare's life is remarkably sound; it is the flesh of his personal experience, his motives, and the like that have no firm basis and it is, of course, this descriptive content in which we are most interested.
Second, the appeal of seeing an autobiographical basis in Shakespeare's plays and poetry must be tempered by what the bulk of the evidence has to say about him. Although there are fanciful stories about Shakespeare, many centering upon his romantic affairs, connections between them and the events or characters of his plays are flimsy, and they generally disregard our overall impression of the Bard. In his personal life, Shakespeare was, in fact, an exceedingly practical individual, undoubtedly a jack of many useful trades, and a shrewd businessman in theatrical, commercial and real estate circles.
Third, the notion that plays ascribed to Shakespeare were actually written by others (Sir Francis Bacon, the poet Phillip Sidney among the candidates) has become even weaker over time. The current strong consensus is that while Shakespeare may have collaborated with another Elizabethan playwright in at least one instance (probably with John Fletcher on The Two Noble Kinsman), and that one or two of his plays were completed by someone else (possibly Fletcher on an original or revised version of Henry VIII), the works ascribed to Shakespeare are his.
篇6：对泰戈尔的评价英文版
Tagore 's thought presents a kind of system, but to how it is a system of the problem remains to be further explored. This paper draws on Leslie Stevenson, the editor of the British Philosophy Quarterly, to summarize the thoughts of Tagore from the following four aspects: First, the general theory of the nature of the world and the human; And the meaning; Third, the analysis of the causes of human ills; Fourth, to correct the shortcomings of the theoretical guide to truth.
First, on the nature of the world and the general theory of people.
The system of Tagore's thought, which contains the basic view of the world, the view of man and the relationship between man and the world. The world as a whole, the whole is by the ”Vatican“ - also known as Tagore is God, infinite, eternal spirit, the world is the world, The eternal truth, the good, the one, the one he creates, the unity of all things in the Vatican. So, where do people come from? Tagore Although there is no clear that people are the creation of the Vatican, but we always feel that Tagore's mind belongs to the creation of the Vatican. Tagore's many discussions focus on the relationship between man and the Vatican, that is, ”relationship between man and nature.“
Tagore that people have a soul, it is the soul of the human body to maintain a mysterious relationship with the Vatican. But his ”soul“ concept is different from the religious superstition said after the death, there is a spiritual spirit out of the flesh, and roughly equivalent to the human spirit, mind, consciousness.
So what strength is the Vatican to command the people? Is through good!Tagore agrees with the prayer of Jesus in the Bible: ”God, Father, thoroughly cleanse our sins, give us good!“ Tagore believed that good is the gift of God and is the pure consciousness emitted by the Vatican Of light. The human soul is nurtured through goodness, and the good is the channel through which the soul connects with the Vatican. From the human point of view, the good sense in the human life have a more realistic understanding of that, that is, the entire field of life has a long-term vision, happy to achieve greater value and sacrifice their own time to know the good. Goodness is the truth and the truth, and great together.
Tagore for the soul of what is also fully discussed. Tagore quotes the Upanishads: ”Knowing the One, the Soul, it is the bridge to eternal life,“ and says, ”To discover this One is the ultimate goal of man, within man, It is the human truth, is his soul, is the key to open the door of the spiritual life of heaven. “The inner soul of man is” unity of knowledge, unity of love, the unity of the various purposes of the will; its highest enjoyment is permanentThe unity of infinity of the universe. “Tagore said that the soul of the calm, in order to direct, without any intermediary intuition that the highest” one “, through any reasoning and display are not reach. Tagore on the soul of the argument, and the Hindu philosophy, ”I“, ”I“ relationship is the same, the big I in the body, the individual in the body, met his own self, to know the big, big I was originally a personal.
篇7：对泰戈尔的评价英文版
Tagore is most eager to express the inner struggle of Goda experience, and ultimately to the religious philosophy of the ”one“, because the pursuit of harmony and unity is Tagore's highest ideals. )
Originally, in the blood, he and Hinduism without any contact, he has been burdened by the traditional burden is purely an illusory bubble. If the first two opportunities also make it difficult for him from the custom and individual in the complete liberation, and even into deeper doubts, contradictions and pain, then, this time the opportunity to make him completely free. He was finally able to face the truth with a frank heart, embracing the infinite self. ”I've been trying my best to understand India for so long,“ he said, ”but I have been trying to turn these obstacles into believers and work for this day and night. A flawless India, in order to put their faith completely preserved in her indestructible fortress, how hard I had to struggle! But today, my fantasy fortress, like a mirage, instantly disappeared without a shadow And after I was completely free, I suddenly found myself standing in the immense reality, and my heart felt all India's good and evil, bitterness and joy, wisdom and foolishness, and now I really have the right to her Service, because the real workplace has been demonstrated in front of me, this is not my fantasy out of it - this is 200 million Indian children seeking the real place of happiness.
At this point, Golas from small to large I character development process completely presented in front of the reader, the individual also ended. At this time, the reader's mind will emerge out of a selfless, committed to the unity of India, to build an independent, free, happy India selfless work of the perfect image. Completely free after the Gora, there is no spiritual world of caste, sects and ethnic groups, not even the boundaries of the country. His Irish descent made his work beyond the scope of the state, and had the meaning of internationalism. He fought not only the country, the nation, but the truth, justice and humanity. When he is free after the free state of mind, universal brahma to look at the world of human society, the natural world will not be tired of the bitter music, thus entering a love, sincerity, tolerance and music realm. This is the realm of the work of Anna Damai, Palmer.
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