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托福阅读细节题如何获取关键信息

2022-12-20 08:20:44 收藏本文下载本文

“哟哟切克闹”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了10篇托福阅读细节题如何获取关键信息，下面是小编为大家带来的托福阅读细节题如何获取关键信息，希望大家能够喜欢!

托福阅读细节题如何获取关键信息

篇1：托福阅读细节题如何获取关键信息

托福阅读细节题如何获取关键信息?解题技巧实例讲解

托福阅读细节题总体出题思路介绍

在介绍获取关键信息的方法之前，我们需要先来了解一下阅读中细节信息相关题目的总体出题思路，或者说他的套路。

第一步，会根据原文1-2句话设置正确选项

第二步，一般会对这个选项进行同义改写，最后再在出题处周围设置干扰选项

很多同学看到第一步就很激动了，那我们的解题方法不是就很简单了吗?直接找到原文的那一两句话就好了，这个思路是非常正确的，但前提是要找的到才行，选项是会对原文进行同义改写的，那怎么办呢?信息还是要定位的，我们只能在选择定位词的时候选择那些最不容易被改写掉的词，于是就有了以下这个选取定位词的顺序：特殊标志词优先于名词，名词优先于动词和形容词。

托福阅读细节题解题解题思路实例讲解

比如下面这个题目：

Livestock also came from outside Africa. Cattle were introduced from Asia, as probably were domestic sheep and goats. Horses were apparently introduced by the Hyksos invaders of Egypt (1780-1560 B.C.) and then spread across the Sudan to West Africa. Rock paintings in the Sahara indicate that horses and chariots were used to traverse the desert and that by 300-200 B.C., there were trade routes across the Sahara. Horses were adopted by peoples of the West African savannah, and later their powerful cavalry forces allowed them to carve out large empires. Finally, the camel was introduced around the first century A.D. This was an important innovation, because the camel’s abilities to thrive in harsh desert conditions and to carry large loads cheaply made it an effective and efficient means of transportation. The camel transformed the desert from a barrier into a still difficult, but more accessible, route of trade and communication.

According to paragraph 2,camels were important because they

A were the first domesticated animal to be introduced to Africa

B allowed the people of the West African savannahs to carve out large empires

C helped African peoples defend themselves against Egyptian invaders

D made it cheaper and easier to cross the Sahara

思路分析：

题干问的是“camels were important because they”那我们根据刚才的定位顺序，选择camel 去定位，于是发现原文的倒数第2和3句在讲camel ，读完以后发现，倒数第二句because就是题目的答案，这个时候再看下选项，发现只有D选项是和原文because后面的内容相同，于是就选D了。

通过以上定位的方法可以很快速清晰的找到题目的答案，但是有些题目在定位的过程中，我们会发现，自己所选的关键词在段落的很多地方都出现了，甚至整段都是围绕这个定位词在展开，这个时候就尴尬了，那怎么找?

多重定位，把选项也放进来定位，尤其是题干中提问关于原文某个信息说话正确的或者不正确的时候，比如下面的题目，According to the passage, which of the following is true of wildebeests?或者According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of icebergs EXCEPT等，根据题干这两个题目，我们分别会选择wildebeests和icebergs去定位，结果发现原文整段都在讨论我们选的定位词，这个时候把选项放进来定位是最直接也是最快找到我们的解题信息的，选项的定位词的选择方法和之前提过的相同，特殊标志词优先于名词，名词优先于动词和形容词，在找信息的过程中同学们要注意同义改写，信息同意改写的方法无非就是近义词改写，反义词改写，词性替换或者句式改写，这里特别提示下反义词改写，往往会在前面加些否定意义的副词，如neither/little/few/hardly/barely/scarcely/seldom/rarely等，希望大家阅读的时候要多注意。

浅谈如何做好托福阅读备考

一. 词汇

如同盖房子用的砖头，词汇就是托福阅读的根基。托福需要8000到10000的词汇量，而高中生大约只有3500左右词汇量，四级也只有5000左右。这就是很多中学生甚至大学生拿到托福阅读常常一脸懵圈的原因，到底在说什么，臣妾看不懂啊!而阅读题目中每篇文章会安排3-5题词汇题，所以词汇量会直接影响到我们最终的阅读分数，重要程度不容小觑。

因此，同学们准备托福的开头一定要从准备单词开始。如果觉得托福词汇直接背诵难度太大，四级词汇是一个比较好的过渡。背单词最重要讲究重复，制定科学有效的背单词计划表比三天打鱼两天晒网有效的多。如何寻找到一个适合自己的背单词方法，同学们需要自己动脑筋思考，或者咨询专业的老师。

二. 句子拆分

托福课堂上很多学生反映出单词都认识，但是句子读不懂的现象，再去看选项，就彻底被绕懵了，这其实都是长难句句子结构不清楚。要解决长难句阅读，重中之重就是句子的语法结构，各种常见从句一定要清楚，比如定语从句，主语从句等。不要求说出从句的名称，但是能区分主从句是读懂一个句子的必要技能。如果同学们觉得这方面还有欠缺，不要犹豫，可以拿出中学语法课本回炉重造，或者上几节专门的语法课让老师帮你做梳理。

除了能够认知主从句，还需要对句子中的逻辑词做到了然于胸。比如whereas表示前后对比，since和for表示因果关系等，搞得懂逻辑关系词，可以方便我们把句子由长读短，降低阅读难度。

三. 段落结构

弄懂句子之后，就该段落结构了。托福阅读文章的段落相对来说结构明晰，逻辑清楚，要弄懂它们还是比较容易的。比如段落的首句通常是段落主旨句，读懂它对帮我们对下文内容进行预判断非常有帮助。首句之后的文字也很多时候被逻辑词连接在一起，比如first of all, secondly, finally等，帮助我们梳理清楚句子之间的关系。这些逻辑关系需要我们在阅读文章的时候多做梳理和积累。

四. 做题方法

虽然随着考试难度增加，托福的所谓“大招”套路慢慢变少，但是每种题型还是有自己独特的解题思路。例如最容易被弄混的细节题，推断题，修辞目的题，所需要寻找的关键句分别是原文就有，原文并未出现，在原文的上下句，所以如果题型判断错误，可能会导致答案找寻地方错误。因此，在夯实词汇和句子基础之上，我们还要掌握各种题型解题方法。

五. 做题速度

托福阅读一大特点就是限时阅读，20分钟完成14道题目，这对于阅读速度要求很高。所以除了做对题目之外，我们还要训练自己能够做快题，这就需要自己合理安排考试时间，多多思考总结，找到适合自己的阅读速度。

总之，夯实词汇和语法基础，弄懂句子和段落逻辑关系，再加以思考总结，找到适合自己的做题方法，最终才能助我们取得满意的托福阅读分数。

托福阅读考前注意事项

巧用电脑屏幕中的按键

在这里要提醒考生们，托福有两个按键常常被考生忽略，review和view text，第一个键可以用于检查自己漏做或者是忘做的题目，第二个键在做prose summary时浏览全文，抓主要意思中心句式使用。

适当题目可以做笔记

托福考试中会有三张专用草稿纸，同学们可以在做个别题目比如句子简化题时可以在草稿纸上记录下重要的讯息，以免同学们昏花到看漏看错等低级错误发生。

仔细审题，看清题型

托福考试中不同题型有着不同的做题顺序和做题方式，首先同学们要仔细看清楚了考查的题型是什么，比如有没有suggest，imply这类的单词，因为这种inference题型，答案是不会直接出现在原文中的。Factual information和negative factual information是有个not 或者except的区别哦。

托福阅读材料：全年12个情人节都是什么节

这或许是商业炒作，让每个月的14号都成了情人节。但不管是怎样，有这么几个节日为平淡的生活增添点色彩，也未尝不可。白色情人节，英文表达为White Valentine或White Day。在亚洲大部分地区，2月14日主要是男方给女方送礼物，而在3月14日轮到女方给男方送礼物了，表示“我也爱你，我接受你”。不过在日本，通常欲告白的女方会在情人节(2月14日)的时候送礼给心仪的对象，而收到礼物的一方，则会在3月14日回礼并告诉女方自己的心意。亚洲部分地区的年轻人亦会庆祝这个节日。所以白色情人节又叫“返情人节”。如果你喜欢TA，一定要送TA礼物哦，否则人家以为你不接受TA在2月14日对比的表白呢。来看看传统情人节和其他10个情人节吧。

1月14日 Diary Day 日记情人节

节日名称来源于情侣们的互赠物品。在这一天，情侣们会互赠足够纪录一整年恋爱情事的日记本，以此象征两人将携手走过未来一年，并留下更多美好回忆。

2月14日 Valentine’s Day 传统情人节

情侣们在这一天情侣互相馈赠礼物，用以表达爱意或友好。时至今日，邱比特、给箭射中的心等等成为情人节的特色标志。

3月14日 White Day 白色情人节

白色情人节又叫返情人节，就是在2月14日情人节当天收到礼物的一方，要在3月14日回赠礼物。这个节日流行于日本，是一次成功的炒作，因为糖果所使用的砂糖是白色，所以改称为“白色情人节”。

4月14日 Black Day 黑色情人节

在前两个月他们或许既没收到甜蜜小礼物，也没人可以送巧克力，但4月14日这天，大家共聚一堂，彼此鼓励、加油打气，化悲愤为力量。

5月14日 Yellow &Rose Day玫瑰情人节

这个节日里，虽然有玫瑰的出现，但是不再是恋人或者爱人彼此馈赠的礼物，可能只是同窗好友，办公室同事，陌生的邻居……这些悄悄送来的玫瑰，不能让接收者知道是谁送来的，但却充分表达着送花者的意思，倾诉、告白、别过、试探……

6月14日 Kiss Day 亲亲情人节

卿卿我我的日子，爱恋中的人在夏日增进感情的日子。

7月14日 Silver Day 银色情人节

是把你的意中人带回家给老爸老妈认识，或介绍给其他你所尊敬的长辈的好机会。也是爱侣互赠银制礼品，饰物的日子。传统习俗是用银戒订婚，所以今天你们也去买一对，戴在手上，作为甜蜜心情的见证。

8月14日 Green Day 绿色情人节

绿色情人节当然和蓊郁的森林脱不了关系。酷热难耐的夏日午后，不妨和你的另一半作一趟清爽而清新的森林之旅，尽情享受户外大自然，度过健康而愉快的一天。

9月14日 Music &Photo Day相片情人节

许多情侣喜欢在这天就这蔚蓝晴朗的天空合影，所以9月14日又称为“相片情人节”。

10月14日 Wine Day 葡萄酒情人节

这一天恋人们轻啜葡萄美酒，庆祝充满诗意的秋天。通常小两口会选择在浪漫且别致的餐厅里共进晚餐，然后聊聊彼此对未来的规划，以及共同的目标等话题。

11月14日 Orange & Movie Day电影情人节

对于这个节日其实没有什么传说，只是一般在这个时候，男女双方两个人都孤独寂寞或者两个中的一个人感到孤独寂寞，便可以在这一天名正言顺的找到自己心仪却不能走到一起，或者曾经相恋不幸分开，或者单相思、双相恋的那个人，陪伴自己去影院看一场期待很久亦或值得去回忆的电影，找到幻境中的感觉或者曾经一同看电影的感觉。

12月14日 Hug Day 拥抱情人节

12月14日，想和你的情人抱多久都可以，在公开的场合拥抱，向世人宣告你俩的爱意，也让寒冷的冬天变得格外温馨。

篇2：托福阅读：细节题如何做

托福阅读：细节题如何做?

托福考试中考生最爱轻视的就是托福阅读，原因是绝大部分考生感觉阅读是强项，对于强项不用过多的重视，然而这种认知不一定准确。通过很多例子我们发现到不少抱有这样想法这样的考生，自认新托福阅读不错的，实际考出来的分数只有22分左右，甚至会更低。那么我们解决这种窘境呢?

ETS对阅读高水平(High level)的评定标准是22—30分。而事实上，阅读如果达不到25分以上，总分想要过百会比较困难，因为这相当于把挣分的压力转移到了大部分人比较弱的听力、口语、写作上面。由此可见，阅读取得高分对于获得百分以上的托福成绩是一种保证!

托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：

Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?

A. They occur at the end of a succession.

B. They last longer than any other type of community.

C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。

否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。综上所述，做新托福阅读的细节题，最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。

托福词汇积累之游泳类词汇

back stroke 仰泳

side stroke 侧泳

butterfly stroke 蝶泳

dolphin butterfly stroke 海豚式蝶泳

treading water 踩水

underwater swimming 潜泳

swimming pool with artificial waves 人工海浪泳池

artificial waves 人工海浪

swimming trunks 泳裤

swimsuit, swimming suit 泳衣

swimming cap 泳帽

bikini 比基尼泳衣

surfing 冲浪

surfboard 冲浪板

water ski 滑水橇

swimming pool 游泳池

changing room 更衣室

shower 淋浴

diving platform 跳台

ten-meter platform 10米跳台

five-meter platform 5米跳台

three-meter springboard 3米跳板

one-meter springboard 1米跳板

diving pool 跳水池

non-swimmer's pool 浅水池

swimmer's pool 深水池

starting block 出发台

starting dive 出发起跳

rope with cork floats 水线

swimming lane 泳道

touching the finishing line 终点触线

timekeeper 计时员

lifesaver, lifeguard 救生员

land drill 陆上练习

breaststroke 蛙泳

crawl stroke 爬泳

托福词汇积累之球类运动词汇

centre kick 中线发球

goal kick 球门发球

throw in, line-out 边线发球

to score a goal 射门得分

to convert a try 对方球门线后触地得分

batsman 板球运动员

batter 击球运动员

men's singles 单打运动员

in the mixed doubles 混合双打

football 足球

rugby 橄榄球

basketball 篮球

volleyball 排球

tennis 网球

baseball 垒球

handball 手球

hockey 曲棍球

golf 高尔夫球

cricket 板球

ice hockey 冰球

goalkeeper 球门员

托福词汇积累之肢体相关词汇

forehead额头;

temple太阳穴;

cheek脸颊;

nose鼻子;

mouth嘴;

lip嘴唇;

throat喉咙;

tooth牙齿;

tongue舌头;

neck脖子;

brain脑;

navel肚脐;

abdomen腹部;

shoulder肩;

waist腰部;

thigh大腿;

lung肺;

stomach胃;

elbow肘;

calf小腿肚;

toe脚趾;

sole脚底

篇3：托福阅读细节题要注意什么呢

托福阅读细节题要注意什么呢?

有很多对自己的阅读能力有信心的同学都遇到过这样的局面，明明看懂了文章却还是有很多题会做错。其实这并不是同学们的阅读能力的问题，而是不小心踏入了托福阅读的陷阱中了。

那么我们怎样才能跳出托福阅读题中的陷阱，在原阅读成绩的基础上再提升一个阶段呢?以托福阅读题型中的细节题为例，帮大家分析一下怎么才能不中出题者的圈套。

托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：

Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择“Puget Sound”作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是“White-tailed Deer”，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C 都与定位句信息无关。

所以说在做托福阅读部分时，应该快慢相结合，即例子句，修饰句等可以略读，文章首段、每段首尾句等都要精读，尤其是问题，一定要确保每个单词都读到，这样才能从总体上把握出题人到底问什么，才不会掉入出题人提前设置好的误区圈套中。教育提醒同学们在复习阅读过程中也可以自己总结每类题的答题技巧，出题人的出题方向，哪些地方可能会设置误区等，从出题人的角度来看问题，就能避免很多不必要的错误。

可以看出即使是这种托福阅读题型也是有应对方法的，大家要多思考多分析，发现托福阅读题中的规律，这样在以后大家解答托福阅读的时候才能更有效率。

托福听力练习对照文本

Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines.

从报纸离开，我们现在集中在杂志上。

Now, the first magazine was a little periodical called The Review, and it was started in London in 1704.

好，第一个杂志是一个小期刊，叫做The Review，它于17始于伦敦。

It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its content, it was much different.

它看起来很像当时的杂志，但是从它的内容方面(来看)，它有很大不同。

Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but The Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government.

报纸所涉及的主要是新闻事件，但是The Review集中在当日重要的国内议题和政府的政策上。

Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king.

好吧，在那个时期的英国，人们仍然会因为发表对国王不满的文章而被扔进监狱。

And that's what happened to Daniel Defoe.

这事儿就发生在了Daniel Defoe身上。

He was the outspoken founder of The Review.

他是The Review的直言不讳的创始人。

Defoe actually wrote the first issue of The Review from prison!

事实上Defoe写的The Review第一个议题就来自监狱。

You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king.

你看，他被逮捕是因为他的批评英国国教的政策的文章，那是由国王领导的。

After his release, Defoe continued to produce The Review, and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week.

获释之后，Defoe继续创作The Review，并且该杂志开始在一个更频繁的时间表上出现，大约一周三次。

It didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up.

其他杂志没多久也开始流行。

In 1709, a magazine called The Tatler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.

在17，一个叫做The Tatler杂志开始出版。这个新杂志包含了一个新闻，诗歌，政治分析，和哲学短文。

托福听力练习对照文本

There's an art exhibition here on campus which ties in well with the discussions we're had about folk art.

校园这儿有一个艺术展览同我们讨论过的民间艺术结合的很好。

It's an exhibition of wildlife art calendars from about a hundred years ago.

这是来自大约一百年前的野生生物的艺术日历的一个展览。

Like most other folk art, the calendar pictures were not considered to be art in their own day.

像大多数其他民间艺术一样，日历的图画在他们自己的时代并没有被认为是艺术。

People just thought of them as a way of decorating a practical object.

人们仅仅把它们当做装饰一个实际的物体的方式。

In fact, the calendar pictures were originally printed as advertising for various companies that made hunting or fishing products, like guns or fishing rods.

事实上，日历图画本来是当做不同的公司制作的狩猎或钓鱼产品，比如枪或者鱼竿的广告来印刷的。

The calendars were handed out free to customers to thank them for their business.

这些日历是免费发给顾客的，为了他们(公司)的生意来感谢他们(顾客)。

Most people just hung the calendars on their walls where the pictures faded in the sun, and then tore the picture off the calendar as each month passed.

大多数人仅仅是把日历挂在他们的墙上，在那里图画会在阳光中褪色，然后当每个月过去时，把图画从日历上撕下来。

As a result, collectors today place a lot of value on calendars that are complete and in good condition.

结果，收藏家给那些完整并且情况良好的日历估定了很多的价值。

Even though the people who used the calendars didn't regard them as art, the original paintings the prints were made from were often of good quality.

虽然使用日历的人没有认为它们是艺术，被制成印刷品的原画通常是质量很好的。

In fact, many famous wildlife painters created calendar art at some point in their lives.

事实上，许多著名的野生生物画家在他们人生中的某一时刻创造了日历艺术。

To them, it was a way of getting their work reproduced and shown around.

对他们来说，这是一个让他们的作品复制并流传的方式。

One aspect of the exhibit that I find very interesting is the way these pictures reflect changing attitudes toward wildlife.

我发现这个展览非常有趣的一个方面是这些图画反映了对野生生物的态度的变化。

The pictures in the exhibit often portray the thrill and adventure of hunting rather than any particular concern for wildlife preservation.

展览中的图画经常描绘狩猎的刺激和冒险，而不是任何对野生生物保护的特殊的关心。

But most of today's wildlife art shows animals in their natural surroundings without any humans in the scene.

但是今天的大部分的野生生物艺术展现了动物在自然环境中没有任何人类的场景。

This modern wildlife art appeals to large numbers of nature lovers, even those who oppose the practice of hunting.

这种现代野生生物艺术吸引力大量的自然爱好者，甚至那些反对有狩猎习惯的(人)。

托福听力练习对照文本

As many of you already know, March is Women's History Month, so it's just a few weeks until the university begins its annual observance.

正如你们许多人已经知道的，三月是女性历史月，因此到大学开始它的年度庆祝就只有几周了。

The Women's Studies Program, in conjunction with the College Life Office, is pleased to announce that a full schedule of events is planned throughout March.

女性研究项目，连同大学生活办公室，很高兴地宣布，一个贯穿整个三月的满满的活动安排已经计划出来。

The opening activity will be a lecture by Dr. Linda Thompson, coordinator of the Women's Studies Program; she'll talk about the status of women on college campuses.

开幕活动将会是女性研究项目的协调员，Linda Thompson博士的一个演讲，她将谈论大学校园的妇女地位。

All students are invited to attend at eight p.m. on March first in the Student Center, Room 112.

所有学生都被邀请出席，在三月一日晚八点，学生中心，112房间。

On March fourth, the Student Center Café will offer a forum for women poets to read their works.

在三月四号，学生中心咖啡馆将会为女性诗人朗读她们的作品提供一个讨论会。

The English department's Kate Benson will read from her recently published poetry collection The Ways of a Woman.

英语系的Kate Benson将会朗读来自她近期出版的诗集：一个女人的道路。

Student poets will be encouraged to share their poems as well.

学生诗人也将被鼓励去分享她们的诗作。

Interested people should sign up at the Women's Studies Office.

有兴趣的人可以在女性研究办公室报名参加。

On the fifteenth, come out and hear Thomas Lane, author of the best-selling The Gender Connection, talk about male-female relationships.

在十五号，出来听听Thomas Lane，最畅销的《性别关系》的作者，谈论男女关系。

The talk will be held in the Student Center Auditorium at 7:30 p.m. with a reception to follow.

谈话将于晚上7:30在学生中心礼堂举行，之后会有招待会。

Lots of other events are being planned, including a show of the work of women artists, a panel discussion about women's legal issues, and more.

很多其他的活动在计划之中，包括一个女性艺术家的作品展示，一个关于女性法律问题的专题讨论会，以及更多的(活动)

Check the campus paper for times and places, or stay tuned to WRUC for further details.

时间和地点查查校报，或者持续收听WRUC(Wireless Radio of Union College)来(获取)进一步的细节。

篇4：托福阅读细节题定义

细节题又叫事实信息题，考察的是学生对阅读文章中明确指出的基本信息的理解，一般在一篇文章中考察3至6题。从题目所占的比例来看，如果同学们想在阅读部分拿高分，那么一定要掌握细节题的解题方法和技巧。

托福阅读细节题定义

细节题可以说是能屈能伸的一种题型，它要容易，可以很容易，它要想难，可以非常难。

很多人复习到后期会发现，错的最多的竟然这个细节题，所以它是非常令人纠结的一种题型。

细节题和词汇题加起来可以构成整个托福阅读考试题目的半壁江山，是我们取得托福阅读高分的基础。

细节题通常不要求我们去理解整篇文章的主旨大意，而是具体的信息，包括文中的一些事实，细节，定义及其它作者所呈现的信息。因此，同学们在做细节题时，不需要对整篇文章逐字逐句理解，只需要对文中与题目相关的一句或者几句话进行理解便可。这一点也可以从细节题的题目问法中看出。细节题通常问到：

According to paragraph X, which of the following is true about Y?

The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?

According to paragraph X, Y did Z because… 等。

那么我们怎么知道具体的一个细节题考的是段落中的哪几句话呢?此时，我们就需要根据题目中的关键词帮助我们定位到原文相关的句子。关键词指的是那些无法被改写或者很难被改写的词和短语，这样，我们就能快速找到原文的相应句子。所以，题目中的关键词通常是在段落中出现次数较少、较显眼和特殊的词，包括专有名词、大写、斜体、带引号的词和数字等。例如tpo 1-1-2 中问到：where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found? 显然，该题中的关键词即为lower timberline，我们要寻找的信息是lower timberline出现在什么地方。有些同学可能会纠结lower timberline怎么去理解，其实，我们只需要在原文中找到一模一样出现lower timberline的句子并理解整句话的意思就可以了，而不需要纠结个别词或者短语的意思。

接下来，我们就回到第一段话中，从头进行快速阅读，然后找到相应的句子：In many semiarid areas, there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture. 句子意思是：在很多半干旱的地区存在lower timberline，在这里，森林会变成干草原或者沙漠，由于缺乏水分。理解好了原句，我们就可以将四个选项与原文一一进行比较，发现答案是A. In an area that has little water. 此选项虽然与原句所用的词不一样，但是表达了同样的意思，这是托福阅读考察的一个重要技能，叫同义改写。

综上，我们知道了细节题的解题方法：题目中寻找关键词，然后定位原文，最后找出对原句进行同义改写的正确选项。

托福阅读题目练习

托福阅读题目练习：实用艺术和纯艺术

托福阅读复习中，大家也离不开一些真题的练习，这样可以帮助我们更全面的备考阅读，了解自己在备考中的不足。下面为大家整理了相关的练习题，供大家参考复习。

Although we now tend to refer to the various craftsaccording to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was oncecommon to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” Approaching crafts from the point of view offunction, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to becontained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardlessof cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in itssides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws ofphysics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-artobjects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only withincertain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from thenorm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a ShangDynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but theincidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary function.

Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-

artobjects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fine-

art objects. Thisassumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fine-

art objects are notconstrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-

art objects are. Because theirprimary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used tomake them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of theproperties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers sothat the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These areproblems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or herconception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues ofhorses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done becausethe cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands ofthe laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That thisdevice was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonballquickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of astatue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).

Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basicdifference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied artsremains relatively constant. It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say thatpractitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas thoseengaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.

Paragraph 1: Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materialsused to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-

it was once common to think ofcrafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” Approachingcrafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supportsmust be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain toboth the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of culturalbeliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it couldhardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not somearbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-

art objects, they follow basicpatterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildingswithout roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not allfunctional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as beingdifferent from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that donot obstruct the object's primary function.

托福阅读中的熟词僻义总结

issue v. &n. 流出; 出版，发行;问题

jar v. &n 震动;坛子

envision v.想象，预想

en-这个前缀可以表示“使……有能力”，vision意为视觉视野，让你的眼前呈现出某种景象，自然就是想象预想。

literature n. 文献;文学

liter词根是文字的意思，和文字有关的记录，就是文学，文献。

lot n. 一块地;命运，签

fine adj. 细小的，美好的;v.罚款

这个词请大家一定格外用心识记，“微小的，细微的”这一词义在托福阅读中考察过多次，这里也给大家补充一下，在托福阅读中多次考到的可以表示“微小的，细小的”一义的还有minute、tiny等。

minute adj. 微小的，细小的

novel adj. 新颖的

nov这个词根表达的含义是新，所以我们熟悉的小说novel一词，就有了新颖的这一独特词义，这个词也曾多次考察过托福阅读词汇题，各位童鞋备考时要多加关注。

casual 偶然的，随便的

causal 原因的，因果关系的

pound v. 猛击;乱敲

rear v. &n饲养，栽培;后面的

produce n. 产品(尤指农产品)

project v. &n使突出，伸出;放映，投射;方案，工程

pro-这个前缀表示“向前”，-ject-这个词根表示“投掷，扔”，结合词根词缀的构成不难理解它的熟词僻义考察。

relief n. 凸起，浮雕;(痛苦)减轻，安慰

provided conj. 倘若，在…条件下。

save conj. 除了

rent 断口，裂缝

rift 裂缝，「地质」断裂

pronounced adj. 断然的，显着的

scale v. &n 攀登; 天平，刻度; 鳞; 规模，范围;「音」音阶

这个词请大家重点关注，上述七个词义在之前的托福考试中都曾多次考察过，词义排名并不分先后。

school n. (鱼)群;学派，流派

genre n. 类型，流派

score n. 「音乐」乐谱;刻痕;得分

screen v. &n 筛，过滤(器);掩蔽，屏风;屏幕

secure v. &adj. 得到;使安全;安全的

acquire 获得

通常如果表示学习，习得某种技能或语言我们会用acquire这个词，比如acquire a language/skill，它的名词形式是acquisition。

season v. 调味

spot v. &n发现，认出，定位;斑点;场所

新托福阅读真题分享

托福阅读往期的考试内容，可以作为大家的背景知识来储备，这些真题内容在接下来的考试中也有可能出现。因此大家掌握这些题目内容，对我们的考试也是有很大的帮助的。为大家整理了8月26日的托福阅读考试题目，供大家参考。

托福阅读考试日期：

8月26日

新托福阅读题目回忆：

题目：地球大气环境

学科分类：Environment

主要内容：

一开始，地球的大气层上充满了氢气和氦气，然后由于氢气和氦气原子进行碰撞，而且他们的质量比较轻，所以它们就去外太空了，然后还有一种新的理论是由于一些星球的坍塌，氢气和氦气原子就在大气层逐渐减少了，然后地球上很多火山喷发导致很多水蒸气和二氧化碳被喷发出来，但是由于气温降低的时候，水蒸汽会凝结降水，然后二氧化碳会溶解在水里，所以大气层中水蒸汽和二氧化碳都减少了。另外，由于当时的一些生物会进行光合作用，很多二氧化碳也减少了，沉降在了海底。另外，由于氮元素的化学性质比较稳定，氮原子也比较重不容易逃逸，所以现在地球上的氮气占很大一部分。

篇5：托福阅读细节题分析

托福阅读细节题：最能摸清你阅读基础的一类题

先给大家普及一下细节题的解题步骤：

1. 读题干，找出题干中的关键信息(就是题干提问的关键词)

2. 到文章中寻找关键信息对应的句子

3. 选择一个关键信息对应句子的同义改写选项

我们来看一道例题：

T17-1 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

Paragraph 3: ……Even if they hugged theAfrican coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the IndianOcean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vesselproperly designed to operate in rough, open water: the caravel. It had a widerand deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increasedstability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largestcaravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of thethrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held atriangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into avariety of positions to maneuver the ship.

8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?

○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.

○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.

○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.

○It improved the capacity of the ship to beguided.

这道题题干中的关键词是lateen sail. 带着它回文中找到相关信息：while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called alateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver the ship.这个句子比较长而且还出现了定语从句，开头还有一个托福阅读常考的词while，并不是一下子就可以顺译出来的，如果考托er们读不懂这个句子，大概会有如下两种情况：

第一种，如果TOEFLer们在这个句子中发现百分之五十以上的单词都不认识，那么同学们得赶紧回去背诵高中词汇，后期的学习计划就应该着重在大量时间花在单词背诵计划的制定上：高中词汇结束后再紧跟着背诵四级和托福词汇。而且TOEFLer再做题目的时候就不能一味地想要学习解题技巧，而应该着重基础的提升，无论是单词还是长难句。英文阅读和中文阅读一样，没有单词量的阅读就好像文盲读报纸，只能靠脑洞。

第二种，如果发现单词基本没问题，但是连which这个从句都不知道起什么作用，那么句法部分应该还有很大欠缺，尤其是从句部分知识。这种情况经常会出现在大学生群体中，他们的单词量经过四六级的洗礼已经比较拿的出手了，但是对于句法反倒没有高中生掌握的好，甚至遗忘比较严重，以至于读句子的时候多是把单词的意思往一起拼凑。这种学生通常会在做题时在迷惑性选项中一再栽跟头，因为无论原文还是选项他都是读得似懂非懂，就无法保证做题的正确率了。

综上所述，细节题是一种看起来简单实际上很考察阅读基本功的题型，通过一道细节题就可以考察出自己的问题在哪里，以及以后学习中需要加以注意的地方。各位TOEFLer平时在做题的时候也要多加以总结和思考哦。

托福阅读长难句：英国电视广告

The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for “misleadingness”—creating a wrong impression either intentionally orunintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy. (TPO14, 52)

我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解

The Independent Television Commission, (regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom), has criticized advertisers for “misleadingness”(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)(in an effort)(to control advertisers' use of techniques)(that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.)

分析：

修饰一：(regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom) ，同位语

中文：英国电视广告的管理者

修饰二：(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)，破折号和非谓语动词

中文：他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象

修饰三：(in an effort) ，介词短语

中文：努力

修饰四：(to control advertisers' use oftechniques)，非谓语动词

中文：控制广告商对技术的使用

修饰五：(that make it difficult forchildren to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.) ，从句，修饰techniques

中文：这些技术使孩子很难去判断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造

参考翻译：

英国电视广告的管理者即独立电视委员会批评广告商的“误导”(他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象)，他们努力控制广告商对技术的使用，这些技术使孩子很难去判断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词、同位语、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句：逆流交换系统

In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. (TPO15, 55)

(In a countercurrent exchange system), the blood vessels (carrying cooled blood from the flippers) run close enough to the blood vessels (carrying warm blood from the body) (to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels); thus, the heat is transferred (from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) (before it reaches the flipper itself). (TPO15, 55)

分析：

修饰一：(In a countercurrent exchange system)，介词短语

中文：在逆流交换系统中

修饰二：(carrying cooled blood from the flippers)，非谓语动词，修饰the blood vessels

中文：携带来自鳍部的冷血

修饰三：(carrying warm blood from the body) ，非谓语动词，修饰the blood vessels

中文：携带来自身体的温血

修饰四：(to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels) ，非谓语动词

中文：以便从带有温血的血管中获取热量

修饰五：(from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) ，介词短语

中文：由流出的血管到流进的血管

修饰六：(before it reaches the flipper itself)，从句

中文：在到达鳍部前

参考翻译：

在逆流交换系统中，携带来自鳍部的冷血的血管非常接近携带来自身体的温血的血管以便从带有温血的血管中获取热量;因此，在到达鳍部前，热量通过由流出的血管到流进的血管完成了热量转移。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

篇6：托福阅读事实信息题

托福阅读事实信息题：握住细节别放手!

首先当然是关注题干中的关键词，话说这个说法可能很多人都听过，但什么样的词能做关键词呢?

想想，找关键词无非为了回原文能尽快找到相应的信息，所以关键词应该具备两个特征，一是比较容易找到，就是长的比较特别，这样才能在一众单词中迅速被看见;二是不容易被其他词替换，一旦换掉了回原文找不到原词定位就失败了不是么?所以符合这两个特征的无外乎长难词，专有名词，时间和数字等等，如果这些都没有怎么办呢?把本不明显的词凑成词组，这样不就容易找到了么，毕竟目标大了啊!

第二步当然就是回原文定位了，需要注意的是，很多学生在定位的过程中不自觉的开始读全文，那你这定位有啥用呢?所以看文章的时候不要看意思，单纯找到要的那个词就好了。找到以后当然要精读找到的那句话。至于上下句要不要看，其实取决于只看找到的那句能不能帮你选出正确答案，如果只看那句不行，自然要看上下句了。但无论怎样，你需要读的句子一般不会超过两句话，官方还是说话算话的!

很多学生的问题出在根本不敢用这一套，总觉得读的太少肯定做不出题，再加上现在很多题目确实比较tricky，让大家更觉得无所适从，但请相信，既然官方说了只看一两句能选出答案，绝大多数情况下就一定可以。考生们的问题更多在于找不到或者好容易找到却看不懂，看不懂的孩子请好好背单词，毕竟巧妇难为无米之炊，没有一定的单词量再多的技巧也没用!至于找不到的同学，并不是这个方法本身出了问题，而是关键词很多时候不那么明显了。

那么问题又来了，找不到关键词应该怎么办?很多童鞋可能知道，托福考试中题目出现的顺序和文章行文的顺序是一致的，直接点儿说，就是一段的第一题极有可能出现在这段的最前面，以此类推。知道了这个，就意味着即使没有关键词，你也可以根据这题是这段的第几题来大致确定到底要读段落的前半部分。中间，还是后半部分;还可以根据上一题的大概位置往下找这一题的答案，这样会使读文章的压力大幅减轻。

举个例子(T42P2, 3题)，原文和题目如下

Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary, usually a thin band ofsedimentation found in various parts of the world (K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous, derivedfrom the German name Kreidezeit). Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example, some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants, which weresupposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that floweringplants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous, about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out. In fact, severalscientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs, with their complex battery ofgrinding teeth, evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants. Others have blamedextinction on competition from the mammals, which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammalsand dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reasonto believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence. Some explanations (such as theone stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases) fail because there is no way to scientifically test them, and theycannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork.

3. According to paragraph 1 the extinction of the dinosaurs is unlikely to have been the result of competition frommammals because

○ mammals would not have been capable of eating dinosaur eggs

○ mammals did not appear in any significant numbers until after the Late Triassic

○ mammals and dinosaurs did not, in fact, compete for any of the same resources

○ mammals and dinosaurs lived together for roughly 120 million years before the extinction

本题是这段的最后一题(别问我怎么知道的，你做题的时候不是按顺序写的么，点NEXT就到下一段了不就说明这题是这段最后一题么?)，以关键词组competition from the mammals定位到倒数第二句(注意最后一题不一定非得是最后一句啊只要靠后就OK了)，句子说有些人认为恐龙灭绝是因为哺乳动物吃了它们的蛋，后半句说这种说法不对，我们无法相信哺乳动物突然就对恐龙蛋感兴趣，因为它们彼此相安无事共存了一亿两千万年。所以正确答案是D，只读一句话是可以选出这一题的答案的。

只要定位正确，一般不会有人误选B和C两个选项的。至于A，注意原文是taste的问题，也就是不喜欢吃，A是说不能吃，不是同一个概念哦!!!有同学可能会觉得这太过追求细节，但事实上，托福细节题就是要抠这些细节的，不懂你就输了哦!!!

托福阅读长难句：有声电影产业化

In Europe it took a little longer, mainly because there were more small producers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive, and in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for a few more years. (though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films) (TPO12, 63)

prohibitive /pr?'h?b?t?v/ adj. (指价格等)高得买不起的;禁止性的

我是分界线，大家先自己一遍速读哦。

(In Europe) it took a little longer,(mainly because there were more small producers) (for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive),and ( in other parts of the world) problems (with rights or access to equipment) delayed the shift to sound production (for a few more years) ( though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films). (TPO12, 63)

分析：

本句的主干就是一个并列结构：it took a little longer and problems delayed the shift to sound production

修饰一：(In Europe)，介词短语

修饰二：(mainly because there were more small producers)，从句

中文：主要是因为有更多小的制造商

修饰三：(for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive)，从句，修饰produces

中文：对于他们来说转换声音的成本巨大

修饰四：(with rights or access to equipment)，介词短语，修饰problems

中文：专利权以及设备的问题

修饰五：(for a few more years)，介词短语

修饰刘：(though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films)，括号，解释说明

中文：虽然在很多大城市的影院为了播放国外有声电影已经用线装好了设备

参考翻译：

欧洲花得时间要长一些，主要是因为有更多小的制造商，对于他们来说转换声音的成本巨大。在世界其它部分，专利权以及设备的问题延迟了向声音产业转变很多年。(虽然在很多大城市的影院为了播放国外有声电影已经用线装好了设备)

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句：外在信号

The disorienting effects of this mismatch between external time cues and internal schedules may persist, like our jet lag, for several days or weeks until certain cues such as the daylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment. (TPO13, 46)

disorient /d?s'?r??ntet/ vt. 使(人)迷失方向，使(人)混乱

persist /p?'s?st/ vi.坚持;持续

jet lag时差反应

synchronize /?s??kr??na?z/ v. 同时发生，与...一致

我是分界线，大家先自己一遍速读哦。

The disorienting effects(of this mismatch)(between external time cues and internal schedules)may persist, (like our jet lag), (for several days or weeks) (until certain cues such as thedaylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock) (to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment). (TPO13, 46)

长难句分析：

这个句子主干部分就是The disorienting effects may persist

修饰一：(of this mismatch) ，介词短语

中文：这种不匹配

修饰二：(between external time cues andinternal schedules) ，介词短语

中文：在外在信号与内在循环之间

修饰三：(like our jet lag) ，介词短语

中文：像时差反应一样

修饰四：(for several days or weeks) ，介词短语

中文：几天或几周

修饰五：(until certain cues such as thedaylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock) ，从句

中文：直到一些外在信号像白天或黑夜重置了生物钟

修饰六：(to synchronize with the dailyrhythm of the new environment) ，非谓语动词

中文：以便和新环境的日常循环同步

参考翻译：

外在信号与内在循环不匹配引起的错乱反应可能会持续(像时差反应一样)几天或几周，直到一些外在信号像白天或黑夜重置了生物钟以便和新环境的日常循环同步。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

篇7：托福阅读事实信息题：握住细节别放手

托福阅读事实信息题：握住细节别放手

首先当然是关注题干中的关键词，话说这个说法可能很多人都听过，但什么样的词能做关键词呢?

举个例子(T42P2, 3题)，原文和题目如下

3. According to paragraph 1 the extinction of the dinosaurs is unlikely to have been the result of competition frommammals because

○ mammals would not have been capable of eating dinosaur eggs

○ mammals did not appear in any significant numbers until after the Late Triassic

○ mammals and dinosaurs did not, in fact, compete for any of the same resources

○ mammals and dinosaurs lived together for roughly 120 million years before the extinction

托福阅读备考之把握句间的因果关系

同理，在推理题中，我们也可以利用常见的因果关联词找到推理的方向;官方大纲中也明确指出，推理题会“给出一个结论，让考生推理结论产生的原因”。

在官方练习题中一篇名为”The extinctions of dinosaurs ”的文章里就有一道非常典型的推理题，根据段落最后一句话句首的“So”，考生可以讲解题的突破口锁定在前一句话中。当然，推理题本质上不同于细节题，还需要在文章给出的基础之上做适当地引申。当然，推理题也会让考生们去推文中的某些信息带来的影响，但是考察“推结果”没有“推原因”的比例高，所以在备考的时候还需要合理分配时间。

因果关系更是在修辞目的题中有着明显的出题规律。考生们一定要学会换位思考，作者为什么要在一个段落中交代“原因”?无外乎就是为了给对应的事情一个解释。反之，作者为什么要提及“结果”，也是为了告诉读者相关事情带来的影响。此外，有个不可不忽视地信号，在最新放出的官方练习题中，因果关系在修辞目的题中的体现越来越含蓄，这无疑是暗示考生，未来的考试中不一定会出现明确的关联词，但仍然考察的是因果关系。最后，让我们来看三个句子。

例句1

There is a good reason for this.

例句2

This explains their relatively low densities.

例句3

Consequently, the idea that the Ir in the boundary clay came from microscopic meteorites cannot be accepted.

这三句话都是典型的句子插入题的题干句。因为这些句子丝毫没有提及任何新的信息，都是在重复或者为上下文提供过渡。例如，例句1中的因果关系提醒考生，这句话的前一句必须是结果;同时，这句话的后一句是对应的原因。这样，我们在把句子代入文章时就有了明确的方向感。同理，例句2和例句3也可以按照这个思路去进行。

纵观因果关系在以上四个题型中的体现，不难发现，虽然各有各的出题形式，但是本质都是相同的，只要熟练掌握因果关系的句间表达，一通百通。

做题时运用这些托福阅读技巧事半功倍

有哪些托福阅读技巧能够帮我们提高托福分数呢?北京新东方沈洋老师在此分享托福阅读技巧。

1.做托福阅读题和精读文章时，多站在出题人的角度去思考文章，这样能预判陷阱，尽快识别错误选项。

例如(包括但不限于)：(1)当出现分类，需要做好两个类型特点的辨析，常见易错点就是混淆两者。(2)选项中断章取义、主语偷换。(3)长难句通常都会作为考点，如果前文没有出题，则最后小结题选项中出现的可能性非常高。段落也是如此，前文未出题的段落或者段落的一部分，最后也会设置选项考察，不要漏读。

2.由于托福的文章是节选的，所以偶尔会出现逻辑和信息方面的跳跃，遇到这种情况，尝试记忆下来即可，或者优先解题。不要花费较长的时间强行梳理逻辑关系。

3.托福阅读生物题材的文章，肯定会出现较多的学术概念，但原文中通常会给解释，尽量利用这些解释加以记忆(不能跳过和无视括号里的解释);另外很多生物的名字也要尝试记忆，不必翻译为中文，只要搞混就行。

篇8：如何记录托福综合口语阅读关键信息?

如何记录托福综合口语阅读关键信息?主旨内容要点记录技巧实例讲解

托福综合口语阅读部分主旨句如何记录?

关于托福综合口语阅读部分主旨句的记录，许多同学不确定在找出主旨句之后应该记哪些词不记哪些词。我们先来看看两个例子。

1. Anestablishing shot is an image shown brief ly at the beginning of a scene,usually taken from far away.

本句是文章的主旨句，我们发现它其实不算长，所以这种情况我们直接记全句。记全句的好处就是在你看不懂的前提下保证你在复述的时候拿到一定的分数。

2. Psychologistshave found that when people make important decision, they often choose to stayin their “Comfort Zone”; that is, they prefer remaining in comfortable,familiar situations, rather than entering into new, unfamiliar ones. Thistendency is often referred to as the comfort zone bias.

这个例子里主旨句太长，我们不可能全都记下来，所以只需要记有用的内容，一些“虚词”和重复的内容都可以省略。比如，Psychologists have found that只是起一个导入的作用，真正重要的是心理学家发现了什么，所以这几个词是空话，是废话，所以我们不记。

接下来，文章对they often choose to stay in their “Comfort Zone”做出了解释，也就是they prefer remaining in comfortable, familiarsituations, rather than entering into new, unfamiliar ones，所以这两句意思一样，我们只记后一句更具体的解释，所以目前我们需要记的就是when people make important decision, they preferremaining in comfortable, familiar situations, rather than entering into new,unfamiliar ones。学过语法和逻辑的同学知道，rather than表示这个词组之前的内容重要而之后的内容不重要，所以我们没有时间的话就可以省略rather than entering into new, unfamiliar ones这些内容。这么一来，我们最终需要记录的就只剩下when people make important decision, they preferremaining in comfortable, familiar situations，我们的任务就简单多了，复述起来也不浪费时间了。

托福独立口语热点话题名师批改实例讲解：When you travel next time...

本期托福独立口语高频话题

When you travel next time, would you like to go somewhere you have never been to before or the places you have?

学生对此话题的表述答案

Personally speaking, I prefer to travel a place I never been to. Because, as for me, I'm kind of a explorer. I'd like to try new things. You know travelling in a place you have never been to is like kind of a adventure. I will meet many new things, new people, and enjoy the beautiful sceneries I have never seen before. I think that's awesome. Besides, travelling to a new place can abroad my horizon during the whole process. You know have a better, I can learn more about local culture and custom. It's definitely would abroad my horizon.

资深讲师批改意见

发音部分需注意的几个词(Pronunciation)

1 explore

2 kind

3 better

4 before

语法方面出现的错误(Grammar)

1 travel a place——travel to a place

2 to a place I never been to——to a place I have never been before

3 a explorer——an explorer

表达部分存在的问题(Expression)

1 Because,——as for me (redundant)

2 abroad my horizon——broaden my horizons

3 culture and custom——culture and customs

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此高频话题高分口语模板分享

Personally speaking, I prefer to travel to a place I have never been to before. I'm kind of an explorer. I like to try new things. Travelling to a place you have never been to is kind of adventure. I will see new money, new things, new people and enjoy beatuiful scenery I have never seen before. Besides, travelling to a new place can broaden my horizons. During the whole process, I can learn about local culture and customs.

托福独立口语热点话题名师批改实例讲解：the best way to spend this money...

本期托福独立口语高频话题

Your friend has suddenly received a lot of money. What do you think is the best way for your friend to spend this money?

学生对此话题的表述答案

I think my friend can divide his or her money into three parts. The first part he can use to improve his quality of life. Such as buy a clothes, or buy a book that he eager to own. Or use money as a fee to travel to somewhere that he hasn't been there. And the second part he can help people around him. or establish a foundation that arose people's attention to envrionmental protection and so on. And the third part, he can use money to investment, so that his money can increase. So in this way he and environment around him can be better.

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资深讲师批改意见

发音部分需注意的几个词(Pronunciation)

1 quality

2 friend

3 second

4 bettered

语法方面出现的错误(Grammar)

1 a clothes——clothes

2 buy a clothes——buying clothes

3 he eager to own——he is eager to own

4 arose people's attention——raises awareness

5 use money to investment——use the money to invest/ use the money as an investment

6 this way——these ways

7 and so on——and any other issue that's important to people

表达部分存在的问题(Expression)

1 can divide——should divide

2 use the money as a fee to travel to somewhere that he hasn't been there.——use the money to travel to a place he has not been to before.

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此高频话题高分口语模板分享

If my friend suddenly received a lot of money, I would suggest he should divide it for three specific purposes. The first can be to increase his quality of life. He can buy new clothes or a book he is very eager to read. He could also use the money to travel to a place he has not been to before. The second way to use his money would be to start a found ation to raise awareness for issues that are important to the world today, such as environmental protection. The third way he should use his money is to invest in the stock market or the currency exchange . In this way, he is able to grow his money , and he will be able to use it longer and he will have more money to use. In these ways, he can improve both himself and the people around him.

托福独立口语热点话题名师批改实例讲解：facing serious environmental problems...

本期托福独立口语高频话题

We are facing serious environmental problems. What can we do to save the planet?

学生对此话题的表述答案

Facing serious environmental problems, we should take many measure s. One effective way is to improve the education standard, because education is a akin to some of these problem. We should inform more people with the importance of environment and the effect ive way to protect it. And another way is to encourage people to live in environment friendly ways. For example, people should plant trees in their spare time and take public transport instead of driving private cars. So our environment will be better.

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资深讲师批改意见

发音部分需注意的几个词(Pronunciation)

1 problems

2 plant

3 trees

4 measures

语法方面出现的错误(Grammar)

1 inform more people with the importance of environment and the effective way to protect it————inform more people of the importance of the environment and effective ways to protect it

2 education is akin to some of these problem————education is akin to some of these problems

表达部分存在的问题(Expression)

1 Facing serious environmental problems, we should take many measures————While we are facing serious environmental problems, we need to take a lot of/many measures

2 environment friendly————encironmentally friendly

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此高频话题高分口语模板分享

While we are facing environmental problems, we should take a lot of measures to solve these problems. First, we need better education. We need to inform people the importance of the environment and the ways that we can protect it. We need to teach people how they can contribute to protect the environment. We also need to encourage people to live environmentally friendly lives and develop environmentally friendly habits. We need to encourage people to plant trees in their spare time, and we need to encourage people to take public transport instead of driving, so the environment will be better. By educating people and encourage them to live encironmentally friendly lives. We can save the planet.

篇9：托福阅读细节题解题全攻略

托福阅读细节题解题全攻略

According to paragraph X, which of the following is true about Y?

The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?

According to paragraph X, Y did Z because… 等。

那么我们怎么知道具体的一个细节题考的是段落中的哪几句话呢?此时，我们就需要根据题目中的关键词帮助我们定位到原文相关的句子。关键词指的是那些无法被改写或者很难被改写的词和短语，这样，我们就能快速找到原文的相应句子。所以，题目中的关键词通常是在段落中出现次数较少、较显眼和特殊的词，包括专有名词、大写、斜体、带引号的词和数字等。例如官方真题Official 1-1-2 中问到：where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found? 显然，该题中的关键词即为lower timberline，我们要寻找的信息是lower timberline出现在什么地方。有些同学可能会纠结lower timberline怎么去理解，其实，我们只需要在原文中找到一模一样出现lower timberline的句子并理解整句话的意思就可以了，而不需要纠结个别词或者短语的意思。

综上，我们知道了细节题的解题方法：题目中寻找关键词，然后定位原文，最后找出对句进行同义改写的正确选项。

托福阅读背景知识汇总之流星与流星雨

什么是流星?外空间的尘埃颗粒闯入地球大气，与大气摩擦，产生大量热，从而使尘埃颗粒气化。在该过程中发光形成流星。尘埃颗粒叫做流星体。

大小在狮子座流星雨中，一颗5等流星通常仅由一个0.00006克、直径0.5毫米的流星体产生。狮子座流星雨中的可见流星的大部分流星，体直径在1毫米到1厘米之间。

速度一个微小的流星体就足以产生在几百公里之外就能看见的亮光，其原因就在于流星体的高速度。在刚进入地球大气层时狮子座流星雨中流星体的速度可达71公里/每秒。

光之来源当流星体闯入地球大气时，它与大量的空气分子相碰撞，使颗粒的外层微粒被撞离母体。在碰撞的过程中，一些空气分子发生电离。当被离解的电子再次被原子俘获时便会产生发光现象。

流星的颜色大部分的狮子座流星颜色，像钠灯燃烧时的色彩。一个流星的颜色是流星体的化学成分及反应温度的体现：钠原子发出橘黄色的光，铁为黄色，镁是蓝绿色，钙为紫色，硅是红色。

声音流星通常不会发出可以听见的声音。如果你没有看到它的话，它就会悄无声息的一扫而过。对于非常亮的流星，曾经有人听到过声音。这些声响主要集中在低频波段。一个非常亮的流星，如火流星，可能会听到声音。如果流星体的直径大于大气分子的平均自由程，则在流星体的前边会产生大量的激波。偶然情况下，这些激波会深入到大气的底层从而被我们听到。听起来像远处发出的隆隆声。

持久余迹流星有时会在它通过的轨道上留下一条持久的余迹。余迹主体颜色多为绿色，是中性的氧原子。持续时间通常为1到10秒。可见余迹亮度迅速下降，在极限星等为4到5等的情况下，一般可持续1到30分钟。这些亮光来自炽热空气和流星体中的金属原子。

火流星质量较大的流星体，有机会造成火流星，亮度至少比金星(-4等星)亮，出现时间可持续2~3秒。有时火流星可接近至地表一、二十公里处才消失，我们可听到火流星发出的声音

流星雨在一年中的某些天，可以看到大量的流星从同一个天区划落下来。这就是流星雨。狮子座流星雨就是其中之一。

辐射点流星雨中的所有流星仿佛是从天空同一处散开的，这点就称为辐射点。狮子座流星雨的辐射点位于狮子座。辐射点是一种透视效果。流星从一个观测者的前后左右扫过天空，然而它们的反向延长线交汇一处，即辐射点。

流星雨从何而来流星雨是由于彗星的破碎而形成的。狮子座流星雨的流星体与坦普尔-塔特尔彗星的轨道相同，所以一般认为坦普尔-塔特尔彗星是狮子座流星雨的母体。

流星体因何离开母彗星彗星主要由冰和尘埃组成。当彗星逐渐靠近太阳时，冰气化，使尘埃颗粒像喷泉之水一样，被喷出母体而进入彗星轨道。

彗尾大颗粒仍保留在母彗星的周围形成尘埃彗发;小颗粒被太阳的辐射压力吹散，形成彗尾。剩余物质继续留在彗星轨道附近。然而即使是小的喷发速度，也会引起微粒公转周期的很大不同。因此，在下次彗星回归时，小微粒将滞后母体，而大颗粒将超前于母体。当地球穿过尘埃尾轨道时，我们就有机会看到流星雨。

流星雨活动性位于彗星轨道的尘埃粒子云被称为“流星体群”。当流星体颗粒刚从彗星喷出时，它们的分布是比较规则的。由于大行星引力的作用，这些颗粒便逐渐散布于整个彗星轨道。目前，这个过程还不是十分清楚。在地球穿过流星体群时，各种形式的流星雨就有可能发生了。

周期性的流星雨每年地球都要穿过许多彗星的轨道。如果轨道上存在流星体颗粒，便会发生周期性的流星雨。大部分年份，狮子座流星雨的数量都不是很大。坦普尔-塔特尔彗星的回归周期是33.2年。当它运行到近日点时，地球穿过它的轨道就有可能发生大规模的流星暴雨。

近彗型流星雨当只有母彗星运行到近日点时才发生的流星雨，称为近彗型流星雨。这说明流星体群仍在彗星附近。周期在几百年以内的彗星所形成的流星雨多为该类型。如狮子座流星雨。

远彗型流星雨由于行星的引力摄动作用，长周期彗星的流星体群可能与母彗星相差甚远。在母彗星不在近日点时也有可能发生流星雨，这种流星雨便是远彗型流星雨。如Lurid就是这种。这种流星雨很难预报

流星暴雨当每小时出现的流星超过1000颗时，我们称为流星暴雨。当然，流星雨和流星暴雨之间并没有严格的界限

托福阅读：托福备考记笔记的技巧

1、抓住主题段和主题句的关键词。

托福阅读文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的主要部分，因此记录几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时，文章中有很多的重要信息也会包含在这部分内容中。

2、关注时间和数字。

通常来讲，出现时间概念的文章或段落通常和时间顺序有关，作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的，因此，除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象，考生都需要把数字记录下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题，一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词，二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式，考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字，以便于之后做题时的查询。

3、注意人名、地名和专有名词。

这些概念在文章中出现的时候，一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记，非常有利于信息索引和定位。此外，当提到这几个具体的概念时，文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点，因此记录下这些概念对于理解相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。

4、记录举例主体。

为了说明某些理论和观点，托福阅读文章中会出现大段的举例文字。实际上，托福考试中考查这些例子具体内容的时候非常少，而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因或它们所证明的观点。因此，考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了，至于例子中所阐述的具体信息，可以适当忽略。

5、关注新概念和局部核心概念。

所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时，之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现，意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题，所以，新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念，对于这种概念来说，无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意，因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的。

6、注重重要的逻辑关系。

很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容，但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系，因而对信息关联理解不准确，这也是一种严重的错误。因此，在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。

篇10：托福阅读细节题解析

托福阅读细节题：最能摸清你阅读基础的一类题

先给大家普及一下细节题的解题步骤：

1. 读题干，找出题干中的关键信息(就是题干提问的关键词)

2. 到文章中寻找关键信息对应的句子

3. 选择一个关键信息对应句子的同义改写选项

我们来看一道例题：

T17-1 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?

○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.

○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.

○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.

○It improved the capacity of the ship to beguided.

托福阅读背景知识汇总之霓虹灯

A neon light is the sort of light you see used in advertising signs. These signs are made of long, narrow glass tubes, and these tubes are often bent into all sorts of shapes. The tube of a neon light can spell out a word, for example. These tubes emit light in different colors.

The idea behind a neon light is simple. Inside the glass tube there is a gas like neon, argon or krypton at low pressure. At both ends of the tube there are metal electrodes. When you apply a high voltage to the electrodes, the neon gas ionizes, and electrons flow through the gas. These electrons excite the neon atoms and cause them to emit light that we can see. Neon emits red light when energized in this way. Other gases emit other colors.

托福阅读背景知识汇总之玛雅文化

Maya Culture

The Maya are probably the best-known of the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Originating in the Yucatán around 2600 B.C., they rose to prominence around A.D. 250 in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, northern Belize and western Honduras. Building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier civilizations such as the Oleic, the Maya developed astronomy, cylindrical systems and hieroglyphic writing. The Maya were noted as well for elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture, including temple-pyramids, palaces and observatories, all built without metal tools. They were also skilled farmers, clearing large sections of tropical rain forest and, where groundwater was scarce, building sizeable underground reservoirs for the storage of rainwater. The Maya were equally skilled as weavers and potters, and cleared routes through jungles and swamps to foster extensive trade networks with distant peoples.

Around 300 B.C., the Maya adopted a hierarchical system of government with rule by nobles and kings. This civilization developed into highly structured kingdoms during the Classic period, A.D. 200-900. Their society consisted of many independent states, each with a rural farming community and large urban sites built around ceremonial centers. It started to decline around A.D. 900 when - for reasons which are still largely a mystery - the southern Maya abandoned their cities. When the northern Maya were integrated into the Toltec society by A.D. 1200, the Maya dynasty finally came to a close, although some peripheral centers continued to thrive until the Spanish Conquest in the early sixteenth century.

Maya history can be characterized as cycles of rise and fall: city-states rose in prominence and fell into decline, only to be replaced by others. It could also be described as one of continuity and change, guided by a religion that remains the foundation of their culture. For those who follow the ancient Maya traditions, the belief in the influence of the cosmos on human lives and the necessity of paying homage to the gods through rituals continues to find expression in a modern hybrid Christian-Maya faith.

Cosmology and Religion

The ancient Maya believed in recurring cycles of creation and destruction and thought in terms of eras lasting about 5,200 modern years. The current cycle is believed by the Maya to have begun in either 3114 B.C. or 3113 B.C. of our calendar, and is expected to end in either A.D. 2011 or 2012.

Maya cosmology is not easy to reconstruct from our current knowledge of their civilization. It seems apparent, however, that the Maya believed Earth to be flat and four-cornered. Each corner was located at a cardinal point and had a color value: red for east, white for north, black for west, and yellow for south. At the centre was the color green.

Some Maya also believed that the sky was multi-layered and that it was supported at the corners by four gods of immense physical strength called “Baca’s”. Other Maya believed that the sky was supported by four trees of different colors and species, with the green cobia, or silk-cotton tree, at the centre.

Earth in its flat form was thought by the Maya to be the back of a giant crocodile, resting in a pool of water lilies. The crocodile's counterpart in the sky was a double-headed serpent - a concept probably based on the fact that the Maya word for “sky” is similar to the word for “snake”. In hieroglyphics, the body of the sky-serpent is marked not only with its own sign of crossed bands, but also those of the Sun, the Moon, Venus and other celestial bodies.

Heaven was believed to have 13 layers, and each layer had its own god. Uppermost was the moan bird, a kind of screech-owl. The Underworld had nine layers, with nine corresponding Lords of the Night. The Underworld was a cold, unhappy place and was believed to be the destination of most Maya after death. Heavenly bodies such as the Sun, the Moon, and Venus, were also thought to pass through the Underworld after they disappeared below the horizon every evening.

Very little is known about the Maya pantheon. The Maya had a bewildering number of gods, with at least 166 named deities. This is partly because each of the gods had many aspects. Some had more than one sex; others could be both young and old; and every god representing a heavenly body had a different Underworld face, which appeared when the god “died” in the evening

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