幼儿文学试题
“箱箱猫”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了12篇幼儿文学试题,下面是小编整理后的幼儿文学试题,欢迎您阅读,希望对您有所帮助。
篇1:幼儿文学试题
一、填空题(本大题共4小题10空,每空1分,共10分)
1、幼儿文学的文体是不断发展演变的, 和 作为儿童文学中最古老的两种文体形式,是在古代儿童的游戏环境和人类的育儿环境中形成的。
2、 是幼儿接受文学的主要方式, 是幼儿欣赏文学的主要特征。
3、幼儿文学是以 为主要接受对象,为促进他们的健康成长而创作或改编的,适应他们的审美需要的文学。
4、童话起源于 。后来,有些人对民间童话进行搜集、整理,编成可供儿童欣赏的童话故事书。16出版的法国作家 的《鹅妈妈的故事》,19世纪德国学者 的《儿童和家庭故事集》,就是这类童话故事书的代表。1835年,世界童话大师 的《讲给孩子们听的故事 》问世,标志着 的诞生。
二、判断题(下列各题中,你认为正确的,请在题干的括号内打“√ ”,错的打“×” 。共5题,每题1分,共5分)
( )1、幼儿文学有教育、娱乐、认识、审美的功能。
( )2、五四时期提倡儿童文学最力的是周树人,也是最早重视收集儿歌并进行研究的人。
( )3、题材是文学作品中通过其形象体系显示出来的中心思想。
( )4、幼儿抒情诗是侧重叙述事件来表达幼儿思想感情的诗。
( )5、童话用拟人手法塑造形象,主要应写好“人”的特点,“物的特征” 不必注意。
三、选择题(本大题共8题,1-6题单选,每题1分,7-9题多选,每题2分,共12分)
( )1、幼儿童话《萝卜回来了》的叙述方式是 。
A、层递式 B、三段式 C、循环式 D、对照式
( )2、下列童话形象属于常人体形象的一项是 。
A、《木偶奇遇记》中的“皮诺乔” B、《渔夫和金鱼的故事》中的金鱼
C、《长袜子皮皮》中的皮皮 D、《丑小鸭》中的丑小鸭
( )3、下列童话形象不属于超人体形象的一项是 。
A、《渔夫和金鱼的故事》中的金鱼 B、《木偶奇遇记》中的仙女
C、《田螺姑娘》中的田螺姑娘 D、《皇帝的新装》中的皇帝
( )4、用“顶真”的手法将前一句末尾的词作为后句的起头,逐句相连的儿歌是 。
A、绕口令 B、问答歌 C、连锁调 D、字头歌
( )5、 是童话的基本特征。
A、抒情 B、押韵 C、幻想 D、情节
( )6、幼儿之所以喜爱拟人手法的作品,来源于他们心里中的 。
A、动态审美特性 B、感性审美特性
C、泛灵观念 D、任意结合思维
( )7、幼儿文学的美学特征有 。
A、稚拙美 B、纯真美 C、质朴美 D、含蓄美
( )8、幼儿文学作品语言的要求有 。
A、浅显 B、形象 C、生动 D、富有音乐性
( )9、幼儿生活故事创作常用的结构方式有
A、平行式结构 B、纵式结构
C、横式结构 D、串联式结构
四、作家作品连线(5分)
《小弟和小猫》 陈伯吹
《笨耗子的故事》 方轶群
《摇篮曲》 柯岩
《小猪奴尼》 马尔夏克
《萝卜回来了》 鲁兵
五、简答题(8分)
为什么说幼儿文学是开启心智的启蒙文学?
六、作品赏析(8分)
从主题、意境、幼儿情趣、表现手法、语言等方面分析这首幼儿诗的特点。
春天是这样来的
张国南
叮咚,叮咚!
小溪试了试清脆的嗓子,
啊,春天是唱着歌来的!
呼啦,呼啦!
柳枝弯弯柔软的腰,
啊,春天是跳着舞来的!
哔剥,哔剥!
春笋在泥地里快活地拔节,
啊,春天是放着鞭炮来的!
七、展开想象,续编下列作品(每空2分,共12分)
(一) 数数歌 (二)太阳出来了
一加九,十只小蝌蚪; 大山上,太阳是从山脚下爬出来的;
二加八,十只花老鸭; 田野里,太阳是从泥土里拱出来的;
;
;
。
八、创作(40分)
小鸟悠悠的故事
在一片茂密的大森林里,住着小鸟悠悠和她的伙伴们。小鸟悠悠不但有一身漂亮的羽毛,而且她的歌声很动听。小伙伴们可喜欢听她唱歌了!每天清早,悠悠早早起床,站在枝头,迎着快要升起的朝阳,放声歌唱起来!悠悠的歌声真好听呀,像银铃,嘀呖呖、嘀呖呖――在她清脆悦耳的歌声中,小伙伴们起床了!
可是有一天,森里里来了一个猎人,猎人循着歌声找到了悠悠。他被悠悠漂亮的羽毛吸引了,他被悠悠动听的歌声迷住了,他要捉住悠悠呢!
后来发生什么事情了?请展开想象,续编这则幼儿童话。不少于400字。
篇2:幼儿文学试题
一、填空题(本大题共5小题,每空1分,共10分)
1、幼儿生活故事是以 为主要角色,以 为题材的幼儿故事。
2、图画故事是以幼儿为主要阅读对象的一种特殊的儿童文学样式,它的基本特点是以 为主、 为辅,或全部用 来表现故事内容。
3、18世纪,英国伦敦出版商 创建了世界上最早的儿童图书出版社 ,出版了大量图画优美价格低廉的儿童图画书。
4、如今美国权威的图画书奖是用 的名字命名的,英国的图画书奖是用 的名字命名的。
5、 被称为我国幼儿戏剧的开拓者。
二、选择题(本大题共8小题,1-4题单选,每题1分,5-8题多选,每题2分,共12分)
1、下面哪个幼儿生活故事是横式结构? ( )
A 《我是哥哥》 B 《小奇傻不傻》 C 《一亮一暗的灯》 D 《听鱼说话》
2、《小蝌蚪找妈妈》属于( )
A 幼儿歌舞剧 B 幼儿话剧 C 幼儿木偶剧 D 幼儿皮影戏
3、幼儿图画故事的图画区别于插图的特征是( )
A 形象的直观性 B 构图的连续性 C 画面的趣味性 D 整体的传达性
4、从幼儿散文的种类看,《项链》属于( )
A 幼儿叙事散文 B 幼儿知识散文 C 幼儿写景散文 D 幼儿童话散文
5、下面哪些是柯岩的作品( )
A 《小熊拔牙》 B 《小熊请客》 C 《妙乎回春》 D 《照镜子》
6、下面哪些作品是幼儿生活故事?( )
A 《长工和地主的故事》 B 《兔子的尾巴为什么这么短》
C 《三个伙伴》 D 《六个娃娃七个坑》
7、幼儿图画故事在文字上的要求有( )
A 要有可视感 B 要有动感
C 要有节奏感 D 要精练、准确、生动、有色彩
8、下列哪些戏剧的冲突是由对立角色引起的?( )
A 《小蝌蚪找妈妈》 B 《小熊请客》 C 《五彩小小鸡》 D 《照镜子》
三、判断题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
( )1、在我国古代,幼儿最早接触的文学形式,除了儿歌就是民间故事。
( )2、由于幼儿的理解能力有限,所以幼儿生活故事情节必须要单纯,不能有悬念。
( )3、皮影戏是我国独创的一种民间艺术。
( )4、剧本语言分为舞台提示语和对白两部分。
( )5、生活中的幼儿游戏就是幼儿戏剧。
( )6、幼儿散文只应表现温柔纤细的阴柔之美,不宜表现豁达果敢的阳刚之美。
( )7、为了提高幼儿的观察能力,幼儿图画故事的背景应该要设计得复杂些。
( )8、夸张和拟人是使图画显得有趣和新奇的重要手法。
( )9、我国图画书的倡导者和开拓者是郑振铎。
( )10、《从前的船》是无文图画故事。
四、作家作品连线(5分)
《鼠小弟的小背心》 彼特克斯.波特
《兔子彼得》 中川李枝子(文)
《回声》 梅子涵
《古利和古拉》 坪内逍遥
《东东西西打电话》 上野纪子(图)
五、简答题(8分)
1、简要谈谈幼儿图画故事在幼儿成长中的作用。(4分)
2、什么是幼儿散文?它有哪些特点?(4分)
六、作品赏析(15分)
以《小熊拔牙》为例,从主题内容、形象、情节、冲突、游戏性及幼儿情趣等方面分析幼儿戏剧的特点。
围绕“亲情”,写一篇不少于500字的幼儿生活故事,题目自拟。
[幼儿文学试题]
篇3:幼儿文学试题及答案
一、选择题
1.童年期文学常用的艺术手法有( )。
A.拟人 写实 夸张
B.象征 拟人 幽默
C.夸张 反复 写实
D.夸张 写实 幽默
2.少年前期儿童最喜欢的体裁是( )。
A.诗歌
B.小说
C.童话
D.散文
3.儿童故事的最大特征在其( )。
A.主题集中而鲜明
B.叙述明快而有童趣
C.情节曲折而单纯
D.语言质朴而活泼
4.《雨来没有死的作者》是( )。
A.管桦
B.王统照
C.任大星
D.马丁
5.《金色的海螺》、《神笔马良》、《寒号鸟》分别是( )。
A.民间童话 创作童话 文学童话
B.童话诗 童话故事 童话剧
C.拟人体童话 常人体童话 超人体童话
D.传统童话 民间童话 知识童话
6.将生活故事作为儿童故事的一个门类,其划分的依据是( )。
A.作者
B.表现形式
C.内容
D.读者对象
7.童话大师安徒生一生写下了160多篇童话作品,其代表作有 。
A.《快乐王子》
B.《七色花》
C.《豌豆上的公主》
8.通过描写小白狼与猎人爷爷的交往,赞美了天真无邪的纯真童心的童话作品是 。
A.《诺言》
B.《什么叫做好,什么叫做不好》
C.《小儿郎,小儿狼》
二、填空题
1、儿童文学艺术样式上的独特性,根源于读者对象的年龄特征,而决定这个特征的因素是 、 和 。
2、寓言是一种 的简短故事,一般可分为两部分:“身体”,即 ,“灵魂”,即 。
3、儿童文学有别于成人文学的四大特征是 、 、 和叙事性。
4、童年期文学主要的'样式有 、 、 、 和 、科幻作品等。
5、童话常用的表现手法主要有 、 和 。
6、儿童文学的三大母题是 、 和 。
三、判断题
1.儿童的年龄特点决定了幻想性是儿童文学与成人文学的主要区别。( )
2.儿童文学批评是指以儿童文学为基础,在一定的文学理论指导下,对儿童文学作家作品及有关文学现象进行判断的实践活动。( )
3.儿童诗是为少年儿童创作,切合他们心理特点、适合他们阅读和欣赏的一种诗歌形式。( )
4.童话分类的角度很多,从作者看,由劳动人民创作的称为民间童话,由作家整理、加工、创作的称为创作童话。( )
5.儿童处在学习语言的关键期,因此,儿童文学对语言的要求首先要做到规范、优美。( )
6.马丁的儿童小说《六年级大逃亡》通过李小乔这个形象提出了一个严肃的社会现实问题。( )
7.童话大师安徒生一生写了160多篇童话故事,《七色花》是他的代表作之一。( )
8.儿童故事的最大特征在于它的情节曲折而单纯。( )
四、简答题
1、举例说明儿童故事的艺术特征。
2、儿童文学批评的标准是什么?
3、试述儿歌与儿童诗的异同。
4、说说儿童文学鉴赏的意义。
五、鉴赏分析题
阅读寓言《北风和太阳》,回答下列问题:
1、以《北风和太阳》为例,说说寓言常见的两个组成部分。
2、分析这则寓言的主旨。
3、以《北风和太阳》为例,说明寓言和童话的主要区别。
北风和太阳
有一天,北风和太阳为谁力量大而发生争吵。“如果我用力吹的话,可以把人们冷的动僵。”北风说,但太阳不服气:“如果我用力照射的话,可以把人们烧死。”太阳和北风谁也不服输。“那么到底谁厉害,让我们来比比吧。”北风建议到。太阳也赞成:“如果谁能把那个路人身上的衣服脱下来,就算谁胜,怎么样?”北风得意的说:“那我赢定了。你看我只要吹一下就可以把他的外套吹掉。”北风深深的吸了一口气,然后吐出来。一股寒冷向路人刮去。过路人从包袱里那出许多衣服加在身上。北风又吹一次,结果一样。这次轮到太阳了。太阳发出帜热的光向过路人射去。过路人脱掉了身上穿的全部衣服。被风对太阳说:“你得力量比我大,我甘拜下风。”
篇4:文学常识试题
填空题:
1、围绕着文学创作,文学史研究的内容有几个层面:一是时代背景,二是作家,第三个层面为核心内容即。
2、传说时期的文学,包括和,它们是中国文学的源头。
3、《诗经》、《楚辞》、《左传》、《穆天子传》、《庄子》等著作都保留了一些神话,但保留神话最宏富的还要数和()。
4、《鲧禹治水》属于洪水神话;《黄帝擒蚩尤》属于战争神话;《后羿发明弓箭》、《仓颉造字》属于发明创造神话。那么《盘古开天地》属于;《女娲补天》属于始祖神话。
5、古代神话中那些风神、雨神属于自然神类;那些长得奇形怪状如贯胸国、羽民国、长臂国、不死国、大人国、小人国的神话属于异人异物类,那么《精卫填海》、《女娲补天》、《黄帝擒蚩尤》等等属于。
6、我国最早的记言记事的文字是和,它们是我国散文的源头。
7、被称为我国记言、叙事文之祖的作品分别是、。
8、《诗经》按音乐与地域的特点分为风、雅、颂三类,十五国风是指,雅是周王畿的乐调,颂是宗庙祭祀的乐曲。
9、《诗经·大雅》中有五篇反映西周历史的史诗,它们是、《公刘》、《绵》、《皇矣》和《大明》。
10、相传《左传》是左丘明为传述《春秋》而作。《左传》按鲁国君在位的顺序编年,记事起于鲁公元年(722),迄于鲁公二十七年(468)。
11、《国语》是一部国别史,全书二十一卷,分别记载周、鲁、齐、晋、郑、楚、、八国史事。
12、《战国策》纪事时代上接春秋,下迄秦并六国,主要记载战国后期纵横家、谋臣策士的谋略。西汉末,由编校整理成书,定名为《战国策》。
13、《战国策》凡卷,杂记东周、西周、秦、齐、楚、赵、魏、韩、燕、宋、卫、中山诸国军政大事,纪事时代上接,下迄秦并六国。
14、先秦说理散文经历了一个由萌芽到成熟的过程。创立了语录体;《孟子》也是语录体,但已是对话式论辩文;《庄子》文章则显示出由语录体向专论体过渡的迹象;而和中的专题论文,论点明确,长篇大论,标志着我国古代说理文体制的完全成熟。
15、“以韵文为主韵散结合”、“言近旨远词约义丰含蓄隽永”,分别概括、的风格;而“长于辩论气势浩然”、“说理清晰论证严谨周详”则概括的是、的风格。
16、孔子(前551—前479),名,字,鲁国陬邑(今山东曲阜)人。孟子(前372—前289)名,邹(今山东邹县)人。
17、庄子名,战国时期宋国蒙人,曾作过漆园吏。荀子,名,字卿,一生与赵、齐、秦、楚四国有关系。
18、《狡兔三窟》、《棘刺母猴》两篇寓言分别出自、
19、《狐假虎威》、《鲲鹏展翅》两篇寓言分别出自、。
20、屈原除了在郢都担任和三闾大夫外,还被流放到汉北和江南,最后以身殉国,投江而死。
21、秦代唯一可以称为作家的人物是李斯(?—前208),他的主要作品是作于秦始皇十年(前237)的。
22、贾谊有一篇著名的政论文,以“前事不忘,后世之师”告诫汉朝统治者,其篇名是。
23、晁错主张劝农务本的名篇,一篇是《守边劝农疏》,另一篇是
24、司马迁一生有三个官职,一是郎中,二是,三是中书令。
25、司马迁著述《史记》的目的是“究天人之际,,成一家之言。”
26、《史记》由十二、八书、十表、三十、七十组成。
27、班固编撰的《汉书》是我国第一部。
28、《汉书》成书经历了四人之手,他们是、、和马续,主要撰写者是。
29、《汉书·艺文志》在叙述汉代乐府民歌都是创作主体有感而发时说道:“皆感于哀乐,”
30、最早载录《古诗十九首》的典籍是
31、《古诗十九首》的基本内容只有两类:一类是游子羁旅情怀仕途失意,如《今日良宴会》;一类是,如《行行重行行》。
32、建安文学包括东汉年间和朝前期的文学,其代表作家是“”和“”。
33、曹操的一首深刻真实地反映了汉末战乱的现实和人民遭受的苦难,而被后人称为“汉末实录”的诗歌是:。
34、曹操采用乐府古题写时事,既反映现实,又有很深的感慨,语言古朴率真,于悲凉之中多有跌宕慷慨之气。宋敖器之《诗评》评价他的诗歌风格就说:“魏武帝如,气韵沉雄。”
35、曹丕的是我国现存第一首完整的七言诗,对后代歌行体诗的发展产生了重大的影响。
36、曹植的创作以建安二十五年为界,分为前后两期。曹植前期诗歌主要是歌唱他的理想和抱负,洋溢着乐观、浪漫的情调,对前途充满信心,如;后期诗歌,主要是表达由理想与现实的矛盾所激起的悲愤,如。
37、是第一位大力写作五言诗的文人。
38、诗赞赏幽并游侠儿的高超武艺和爱国精神,寄托了诗人对建功立业的渴望和憧憬。
39、被刘勰许为“七子之冠冕”(《文心雕龙·才略》)的诗人是。方东树也评之为“苍凉悲慨,才力豪健,陈思而下,一人而已”(《昭昧詹言》卷二)。陈思指的是。
40、由于玄风的影响,正始诗歌逐渐与玄理结合,诗风由建安时的慷慨悲壮变为词旨渊永、寄托遥深,表现出独特的艺术风貌。代表作家为、。
41、开创中国文学史上政治抒情组诗先河的是。
42、太康诗人“三张、二陆、两潘、一左”中,“二陆”指的是及其弟陆云,“一左”指的是。
43、以“咏史”为诗题,始于东汉的《咏史》诗。左思《咏史》诗的内容主要是表达寒士对门阀制度的不满及对士族的蔑视与抗争,开创了咏史诗借咏史以咏的新路,成为后世诗人效法的范例。
44、左思的诗多引史实,借古讽今,对现实政治持批评态度,而借古讽今又能做到深刻恰当能起到讽谕作用,故评其诗曰:“文典以怨,颇为精切,得讽谕之致。”
45、晋末那位有着“闻鸡起舞”故事的爱国诗人是,而以写《游仙诗》擅长的诗人是。
46、诗歌以“游仙”名篇始于曹植,但以游仙为题材则可上溯到战国时期。郭璞的游仙诗是其仕途偃蹇、壮志难酬时的精神寄托,是抒发其苦闷情怀的特殊方式。名为“游仙”诗,实为“”诗,且具有形象性,故刘勰说其“足冠中兴”。
47、的诗感情深厚,风格雄峻,与建安风骨一脉相承。《扶风歌》、《答卢谌》和《重赠卢谌》是他的代表作。
48、兰亭雅集,流觞赋诗,对中国文人生活情趣有重大影响。兰亭之会在后世享有盛名的重要原因之一,是写了一篇《兰亭集序》
49、东晋陶渊明的一生可分为三个阶段,即:①田园读书阶段;②;③。
50、陶渊明诗歌的题材主要可以分为六类:①行役②赠答③哲理④咏史⑤⑥。
51、南北朝民歌呈现出不同的风格:南朝的民歌,北朝的民歌。
52、代表南朝民歌最高成就的作品是,代表北朝民歌最高成就的作品是。
53、南朝“二谢”指的是南朝宋诗人和南齐诗人。他们均以诗为人称道。
54、李白的诗句“蓬莱文章建安骨,中间小谢又清发”中的“小谢”指的`是。
55、我国田园诗的开创者是,山水诗的开创者是,而南朝对七言诗的发展作出贡献,创造歌行体的诗人是。
56、集南北朝诗歌艺术成就之大成,且“暮年诗赋动江关”的诗人是,27首是其诗歌的代表作。
57、我国现存最早的诗歌总集是,现存最早的文学总集是萧统选编的。
58、魏晋南北朝的文学理论、文学批评著作异常繁荣,其最高成就的代表是锺嵘的和的《文心雕龙》。
59、唐代文学的繁荣,除了与唐代社会的辉煌这个客观条件有密切的关系外,唐代文学的繁荣也是发展的必然结果。
60、除了诗、文、赋,唐代文学还出现了传奇、变文、等新的体裁。
61、初唐诗坛上,既有形成诗风绮错婉媚“上官体”的诗人,又有要求“回忌声病,约句准篇”,完成律诗定型的诗人和沈佺期,还有被称为“文章四友”、“初唐四杰”的许多诗人。
62、“千古立忠义,《感遇》有遗篇”是杜甫对的诗篇的评价,而充满玲珑兴象美的《春江花月夜》的作者是。
63、曾进士及第任大乐丞,又贬为济州司仓参军,还曾赴河西边关,安史乱时接受伪职,乱后官至尚书右丞,这位就是盛唐诗人。
64、诗人,是盛唐一位终身不仕的高人,隐居在的南园、鹿门,但也曾长安落第,南游越中,入幕荆州。
65、在一群气质豪侠狂傲,边塞诗写得清刚劲健的诗人中,“位卑而”,因“不护细行,屡见贬斥”,且专攻七绝的诗人是。
66、年轻时潦倒困苦,五十岁才登上进士,却仕途畅达,“以诗人为”,直至封侯的诗人是。
67、相门后裔,生于江陵,性格,有着嵩山读书,进士登第,弃官从戎,最后官至嘉州刺史的经历,并写了大量边塞奇异风光、风物人情诗篇的作者是。
68、李白一生可分为五个阶段:①蜀中少年时期;②;③长安供奉;④再次南北漫游;⑤坐罪永王前后。
69、李白的古体诗除了乐府和歌行外,还有很多。
70、杜诗的诗史性质决定了它的写作手法和诗歌体裁的变化:他大量使用叙事手法,以五七言写时事。
71、杜诗风格是多样性的。其主要风格是和。
72、“韩孟诗派”的诗歌主张“则鸣”、“笔补造化”,并崇尚至美。
73、白居易主张诗歌要写实、要通俗。如他在《与元九书》中说:“文章合为时而著,。”在《寄唐生》中写道:“唯歌病,愿得天子知。”
74、元和十年(815)柳宗元、刘禹锡等人同时回到长安后不久,柳宗元改贬,刘禹锡改贬连州刺史,其时,刘禹锡44岁,柳宗元43岁。
75、刘、柳一生的大部分时间是被贬在穷僻荒远的地方度过的。所以,便成了他们诗歌创作的主要内容。
76、杜牧的《过华清宫绝句三首》是通过来讽谕时政。
77、以为中心的爱情诗,在李商隐集子中不占多数,却最受人喜爱,最为人传诵,也是最聚讼纷纭,莫衷一是的。
78、李商隐有一首诗,全诗笼罩在一片浓重的朦胧的情思之中。人们对之有着众多的解说,如爱情诗、咏物诗、悼亡诗、自伤身世诗、追叙生平诗、客中思家诗、生死离别诗、诗集自序诗……这首诗是。
篇5:文学试题及答案
一、填空题(每空1分,共20分)
1. 人;
2. 形象的间接性;
3. 革命的现实主义,革命的浪漫主义;
4. 形象的触发,形象的孕育,形象的形成;
5. 认识作用,教育作用,美感作用(美悦作用);
6. 长期积累,偶然得之,
7. 发展、高潮;
8. 抒情、议论(论说),叙述(叙事);
9. 情意、物象;
10. 审美
二、选择题(每题1分,共10分)
1.③ 2.③ 3.② 4.③ 5.① 6.①④
7.②③ 8.②③ 9.①② 10.①④
三、判断题(每题1分,共5分)
1.×,典型化的任务,是对日常生活进行集中概括,通过个别揭示一般,通过现象表现本质,创造个别,具体,鲜明生动的,又概括了一定社会生活的本质的典型形象;
2.√ 3.√ 4.√ 5.√
四、解释题(每题3分,共15分)
1. 文学是用语言塑造形象审美地反映社会生活的一种社会意识形态。(3分)
2. 主题是通过作品中描叙的全部生活现象(塑造的艺术形象)所显示出的贯串全篇的中心思想或主导情感,也即作品蕴含的总的思想情感的意义。(3分)
3. 共鸣指读者与作品中所表达的作家的感情或作品中人物所具有的思想情感,相通或基本一致,从而产生感应交流。(3分)
4. 细节描写是对人物的外貌、服装、言谈、举止、心理活动等方面的某种特征所作的一种具体细致的描写。(3分)
5. 典型人物的共性指典型人物应当具有高度的概括性、普遍性,能概括一个较大范围内的社会生活本质内容。(3分)意思答对即可。
五、简答题(每题6分,共24分)
1.①这段话强调了文学有着审美教育作用,包括认识作用,教育作用,美感作用。(2分) ②文学的认识作用,教育作用,美感作用有机联系在一起,只有通过美感作用,文学的认识作用和教育作用才能发挥作用。(4分)
2.就是要求作家不能主观地、任意地依*自己的主观想象去反映生活,而必须深入生活,加以细致观察与体验,严格按照现实生活的发展逻辑,照生活本来样子反映生活。(6分)
3.造型艺术如绘画,雕塑,运用线条,色彩或金石竹木等艺术手段和材料创造出人们可以用视觉直接感受到的艺术形象。(3分)表演艺术包括音乐,舞蹈,用音响,节奏旋律或人体动作,塑造出了作用于听众或观众感官的艺术形象。(3分)
4.因为一个作家或几个作家的创作和理论具有鲜明的独特性和代表性,成为文学史上一段灿烂景观,成为创作楷模与旗帜,在辗转传播中为其他作家所接受并加以实践,形成文艺思潮,故产生了相应的流派。(6分)
六、论述题(每题13分,共26分)
1.①在一个时代,一个民族或一个阶级的总风格之下,它又是多种多样的。(2分) ②作家个人的风格也不是单一的。(2分) ③风格形成原因:社会生活多种多样;(2分)读者爱好不同;(2分)作家创作个性有差异。(2分) 举例略。(3分)
篇6:文学常识试题
填空题:
1、围绕着文学创作,文学史研究的内容有几个层面:一是时代背景,二是作家,第三个层面为核心内容即 。
2、传说时期的文学,包括 和 ,它们是中国文学的源头。
3、《诗经》、《楚辞》、《左传》、《穆天子传》、《庄 子》等著作都保留了一些神话,但保留神话最宏富的还要数和() 。
4、《鲧禹治水》属于洪水神话;《黄帝擒蚩尤》属于战争神话;《后羿发明弓箭》、《仓颉造字》属于发明创造神话。那么《盘古开天地》属于 ;《女娲补天》属于始祖神话。
5、古代神话中那些风神、雨神属于自然神类;那些长得奇形怪状如贯胸国、羽民国、长臂国、不死国、大人国、小人国的神话属于异人异物类,那么《精卫填海》、《女娲补天》、《黄帝擒蚩尤》等等属于 。
6、我国最早的记言记事的文字是 和 ,它们是我国散文的源头。
7、被称为我国记言、叙事文之祖的作品分别是 、 。
8、《诗经》按音乐与地域的特点分为风、雅、颂三类,十五国风是指 ,雅是周王畿的乐调,颂是宗庙祭祀的乐曲。
9、《诗经·大雅》中有五篇反映西周历史的史诗,它们是 、《公刘》、《绵》、《皇矣》和《大明》。
10、相传《左传》是左丘明为传述《春秋》而作。《左传》按鲁国君在位的'顺序编年,记事起于鲁 公元年(722),迄于鲁 公二十七年(468)。
11、《国语》是一部国别史,全书二十一卷,分别记载周、鲁、齐、晋、郑、楚、 、 八国史事。
12、《战国策》纪事时代上接春秋,下迄秦并六国,主要记载战国后期纵横家、谋臣策士的谋略。西汉末,由 编校整理成书,定名为《战国策》。
13、《战国策》凡 卷,杂记东周、西周、秦、齐、楚、赵、魏、韩、燕、宋、卫、中山诸国军政大事,纪事时代上接 ,下迄秦并六国。
14、先秦说理散文经历了一个由萌芽到成熟的过程。 创立了语录体;《孟子》也是语录体,但已是对话式论辩文;《庄子》文章则显示出由语录体向专论体过渡的迹象;而 和 中的专题论文,论点明确,长篇大论,标志着我国古代说理文体制的完全成熟。
15、“以韵文为主韵散结合”、“言近旨远词约义丰含蓄隽永”,分别概括 、 的风格;而“长于辩论气势浩然”、“说理清晰论证严谨周详”则概括的是 、 的风格。
16、孔子(前551-前479),名 ,字 ,鲁国陬邑(今山东曲阜)人。孟子(前372-前289)名 ,邹(今山东邹县)人。
17、庄子名 ,战国时期宋国蒙人,曾作过漆园吏。荀子,名 ,字卿,一生与赵、齐、秦、楚四国有关系。
18、《狡兔三窟》、《棘刺母猴》两篇寓言分别出自 、
19、《狐假虎威》、《鲲鹏展翅》两篇寓言分别出自 、 。
20、屈原除了在郢都担任 和三闾大夫外,还被流放到汉北和江南,最后以身殉国,投 江而死。
21、秦代唯一可以称为作家的人物是李斯(?-前208),他的主要作品是作于秦始皇十年(前237)的 。
22、贾谊有一篇著名的政论文,以“前事不忘,后世之师”告诫汉朝统治者,其篇名是 。
23、晁错主张劝农务本的名篇,一篇是《守边劝农疏》,另一篇是
24、司马迁一生有三个官职,一是郎中,二是 ,三是中书令。
25、司马迁著述《史记》的目的是“究天人之际, ,成一家之言。”
26、《史记》由十二 、八书、十表、三十 、七十 组成。
27、 班固编撰的《汉书》是我国第一部 。
28、《汉书》成书经历了四人之手,他们是 、 、 和马续,主要撰写者是 。
29、《汉书·艺文志》在叙述汉代乐府民歌都是创作主体有感而发时说道:“皆感于哀乐, ”
30、最早载录《古诗十九首》的典籍是
31、《古诗十九首》的基本内容只有两类:一类是游子羁旅情怀仕途失意,如《今日良宴会》;一类是 ,如《行行重行行》。
32、建安文学包括东汉 年间和 朝前期的文学,其代表作家是“ ”和“ ”。
33、曹操的一首深刻真实地反映了汉末战乱的现实和人民遭受的苦难,而被后人称为“汉末实录”的诗歌是: 。
34、曹操采用乐府古题写时事,既反映现实,又有很深的感慨,语言古朴率真,于悲凉之中多有跌宕慷慨之气。宋敖器之《诗评》评价他的诗歌风格就说:“魏武帝如 ,气韵沉雄。”
35、曹丕的 是我国现存第一首完整的七言诗,对后代歌行体诗的发展产生了重大的影响。
36、曹植的创作以建安二十五年为界,分为前后两期。曹植前期诗歌主要是歌唱他的理想和抱负,洋溢着乐观、浪漫的情调,对前途充满信心,如《 》;后期诗歌,主要是表达由理想与现实的矛盾所激起的悲愤,如 。
37、 是第一位大力写作五言诗的文人。
38、 诗赞赏幽并游侠儿的高超武艺和爱国精神,寄托了诗人对建功立业的渴望和憧憬。
39、被刘勰许为“七子之冠冕”(《文心雕龙·才略》)的诗人是 。方东树也评之为 “苍凉悲慨,才力豪健,陈思而下,一人而已”(《昭昧詹言》卷二)。陈思指的是 。
40、由于玄风的影响,正始诗歌逐渐与玄理结合,诗风由建安时的慷慨悲壮变为词旨渊永、寄托遥深,表现出独特的艺术风貌。代表作家为 、 。
41、开创中国文学史上政治抒情组诗先河的是 。
42、太康诗人“三张、二陆、两潘、一左”中,“二陆”指的是 及其弟陆云,“一左”指的是 。
43、以“咏史”为诗题,始于东汉 的《咏史》诗。左思《咏史》诗的内容主要是表达寒士对门阀制度的不满及对士族的蔑视与抗争,开创了咏史诗借咏史以咏 的新路,成为后世诗人效法的范例。
44、左思的诗多引史实,借古讽今,对现实政治持批评态度,而借古讽今又能做到深刻恰当能起到讽谕作用,故 评其诗曰:“文典以怨,颇为精切,得讽谕之致。”
45、晋末那位有着“闻鸡起舞”故事的爱国诗人是 ,而以写《游仙诗》擅长的诗人是 。
46、诗歌以“游仙”名篇始于曹植,但以游仙为题材则可上溯到战国时期。郭璞的游仙诗是其仕途偃蹇、壮志难酬时的精神寄托,是抒发其苦闷情怀的特殊方式。名为“游仙”诗,实为“ ”诗,且具有形象性,故刘勰说其“足冠中兴”。
47、 的诗感情深厚,风格雄峻,与建安风骨一脉相承。《扶风歌》、《答卢谌》和《重赠卢谌》是他的代表作。
48、兰亭雅集,流觞赋诗,对中国文人生活情趣有重大影响。兰亭之会在后世享有盛名的重要原因之一,是 写了一篇《兰亭集序》
49、东晋陶渊明的一生可分为三个阶段,即:①田园读书阶段;② ;③ 。
50、陶渊明诗歌的题材主要可以分为六类 :①行役 ②赠答 ③哲理 ④咏史⑤ ⑥ 。
51、 南北朝民歌呈现出不同的风格: 南朝的民歌 ,北朝的民歌 。
52、代表南朝民歌最高成就的作品是 ,代表北朝民歌最高成就的作品是 。
53、南朝“二谢”指的是南朝宋诗人 和南齐诗人 。他们均以 诗为人称道。
54、李白的诗句“蓬莱文章建安骨,中间小谢又清发”中的“小谢”指的是 。
55、我国田园诗的开创者是 ,山水诗的开创者是 ,而南朝对七言诗的发展作出贡献,创造歌行体的诗人是 。
56、集南北朝诗歌艺术成就之大成,且“暮年诗赋动江关”的诗人是 ,27首 是其诗歌的代表作。
57、我国现存最早的诗歌总集是 ,现存最早的文学总集是萧统选编的 。
58、魏晋南北朝的文学理论、文学批评著作异常繁荣,其最高成就的代表是锺嵘的 和 的《文心雕龙》。
59、唐代文学的繁荣,除了与唐代社会的辉煌这个客观条件有密切的关系外,唐代文学的繁荣也是 发展的必然结果。
60、 除了诗、文、赋,唐代文学还出现了 传奇、变文、 等新的体裁。
61、初唐诗坛上,既有形成诗风绮错婉媚“上官体”的诗人 ,又有要求“回忌声病,约句准篇”,完成律诗定型的诗人 和沈佺期,还有被称为“文章四友”、“初唐四杰”的许多诗人。
62、“千古立忠义,《感遇》有遗篇”是杜甫对 的诗篇的评价,而充满玲珑兴象美的《春江花月夜》的作者是 。
63、曾进士及第任大乐丞,又贬为 济州司仓参军,还曾赴河西边关,安史乱时接受伪职,乱后官至尚书右丞,这位就是盛唐诗人 。
64、诗人 ,是盛唐一位终身不仕的高人,隐居在 的南园、鹿门,但也曾长安落第,南游越中,入幕荆州。
65、在一群气质豪侠狂傲,边塞诗写得清刚劲健的诗人中,“位卑而 ”,因“不护细行,屡见贬斥”,且专攻七绝的诗人是。
66、年轻时潦倒困苦,五十岁才登上进士,却仕途畅达,“以诗人为 ”,直至封侯的诗人是 。
67、相门后裔,生于江陵,性格 ,有着嵩山读书,进士登第,弃官从戎,最后官至嘉州刺史的经历,并写了大量边塞奇异风光、风物人情诗篇的作者是 。
68、李白一生可分为五个阶段 :①蜀中少年时期;② ;③长安供奉 ;④再次南北漫游; ⑤坐罪永王前后。
69、李白的古体诗除了乐府和歌行外,还有很多 。
70、杜诗的诗史性质决定了它的写作手法和诗歌体裁的变化:他大量使用叙事手法,以五七言 写时事。
71、杜诗风格是多样性的。其主要风格是 和 。
72、“韩孟诗派”的诗歌主张“ 则鸣”、“笔补造化”,并崇尚 至美。
73、白居易主张诗歌要写实、要通俗。如他在《与元九书》中说:“文章合为时而著, 。”在《寄唐生》中写道:“唯歌 病,愿得天子知。”
74、元和十年(815)柳宗元、刘禹锡等人同时回到长安后不久,柳宗元改贬 ,刘禹锡改贬连州刺史,其时,刘禹锡44岁,柳宗元43岁。
75、刘、柳一生的大部分时间是被贬在穷僻荒远的地方度过的。所以 ,便成了他们诗歌创作的主要内容。
76、杜牧的《过华清宫绝句三首》是通过 来讽谕时政。
77、以 为中心的爱情诗,在李商隐集子中不占多数,却最受人喜爱,最为人传诵,也是最聚讼纷纭,莫衷一是的。
78、李商隐有一首诗,全诗笼罩在一片浓重的朦胧的情思之中。人们对之有着众多的解说,如爱情诗、咏物诗、悼亡诗、自伤身世诗、追叙生平诗、客中思家诗、生死离别诗、诗集自序诗……,这首诗是 。
篇7:文学常识经典试题
文学常识经典试题汇总
1.闻一多提出的现代诗歌创作要做到“三美”,指的的建筑美、音乐美、绘画美。
2.中国著名舞蹈家戴爱莲的头像设立在英国皇家舞蹈学院大厅。
3.屈灵均是屈原,生于战国,代表作是《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》、《九章》。
4.《皇后喜剧芭蕾》是被欧洲公认为第一部“真正的芭蕾”的作品。
5.《史记》的作者是司马迁,是中国第一部纪传体史书,分12本纪10表8书30世家70列传。
6.《呐喊》和《彷惶》是鲁迅的两部小说集。
7.芭蕾舞剧《仙女》第一次使女演员立起足尖。
8.《上林赋》、《子虚赋》的作者是司马相如,与其同属一个朝代的同一体裁的文学家都有扬雄、班固、张衡。
9.茅盾写养蚕丰收成灾的短篇小说是《春蚕》。
10.在芭蕾舞史上成为浪漫主义和现实主义转折的芭蕾舞作品是《吉塞尔》。
11.中国第一部诗歌总集是《诗经》;创作于西周初至春秋中期;有风、雅、颂三部分
12.白话文运动在19至19“五四”新文学运动时期出现。
13.精卫填海出自《山海经》。
14.中华全国舞蹈工作者协会成立于1949年7月。
15.四书和五经是《论语》、《大学》、《孟子》、《中庸》;《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《周易》、《左传》。
16.《地球,我的母亲》的作者是郭沫若。
17.中国第一本关于舞蹈理论的专目是《新舞蹈艺术概论》。
18.裕荣龄是最早学习和引入欧美舞蹈的中国宫庭舞蹈家。
19.海豹突击队、阿尔法别动队、国家宪兵突击队、第九边境防卫队分别是美国、俄罗斯、法国、德国的部队。
20.《逍遥游》、《齐物论》出自《庄子》。
21.“青青河边草,郁郁园中柳”出自汉代组诗《古诗十九首》,其中一首“生年不满百, 常怀前岁忧“的后两句是“昼短苦夜长,何不秉烛游!”
22.觉慧是巴金长篇小说《家》中的主人公。
23.著名的《四小天鹅舞》出现在《天鹅湖》的第二幕中。
24.在历史上最初都有一些对历史发展具有重要意义的帝王,如所罗门——犹太王国,居鲁士大帝——波斯帝国,亚历山大大帝——马其顿帝国,君士坦丁大帝——罗马帝国。
25.建安七子是王粲、刘桢、徐干、陈琳、孔融、阮瑀、应玚。
26.诗歌《雨巷》的作者是戴望舒。
27.舞剧《罗蜜欧与朱丽叶》是根据莎士比亚同名戏剧改编的最早的舞剧作品。
28.竹林七贤是阮籍、稽康、刘伶、向秀、山涛、向秀、王戎。
29.三大秧歌通常是指鼓子秧歌、胶州秧歌和海洋秧歌。
30.奥运会会旗的标志是5个相套的、不同颜色的圆环:蓝黄黑绿红;象征五大洲的团结以及全世界的运动员以公正、坦率、友好的比赛精神在奥林匹克运动会上相见。
31.除了朱自清写了《桨声灯影中的秦淮河》,还有俞平伯写了同样题目的散文。
32.《春风沉醉的晚上》的作者是郁达夫。
33.马头琴是蒙古族舞蹈的特色伴奏乐器。
34.世界上许多城市因其自身的特性而另具别称,如雾城——英国伦敦、水城——意大利威尼斯、冰城——俄罗斯雅库茨克、雪城——美国华盛顿、雨城——印度乞拉朋齐、风城——新西兰惠灵顿、圣城——巴勒斯坦耶路撒冷、浴城——芬兰赫尔辛基、酒城——德国慕尼黑、钟表城——瑞士伯尔尼、壁画城——墨西哥墨西哥城、音乐城——奥地利维也纳、电影城——法国戛纳。
35.初唐四杰是王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王。
36.左联五烈士中写过《为奴隶的母亲》的是柔石。
37.“赛乃姆”、“多郎舞”、“萨玛”是维吾尔族民间舞蹈表演形式。
38.我国的国歌词作者是田汉。
39.安徽花鼓灯流行于淮河两岸,它是从明朝开始形成的。
40.凡尔赛宫、白金汉宫、彼得夏宫、桂离宫分别坐落在法国巴黎、英国伦敦、俄罗斯圣彼得堡、日本京都。
41.被称为“德国表现派舞蹈创始人”的是玛丽魏格曼。
42.世界文明四大摇篮所在地是:尼罗河畔的古埃及;幼法拉底河和底格里斯河流域即今伊拉克一带的苏美尔和巴比伦;印度河和恒河流域的古印度;黄河和长江之滨的中国。
43.在我国现代文学中以写湘西题材著名的作家是沈从文。
44.被人们与爱因斯坦相提并论的早期现代舞奠基人是鲁道夫拉班。
45.短篇小说《华威先生》的作者是张天翼。
46.被称为20世纪三大艺术巨匠之一的是玛莎格莱姆。
47.“图腾”是印第安语系TOTEM的音译。
48.对堪宁汉及其“机遇编舞法”有着重要启发的中国哲学经典著作是《易经》。
49.鲁迅的二弟也是一位著名的散文家,他的名字是周作人。
50.舞蹈是一种“虚幻的力”这一说法是由苏姗?朗格提出的。
51.我国宋代著名的四大书院是岳麓书院、白鹿洞书院、嵩阳书院、睢阳书院(应天书院)。
52.长篇叙事诗《王贵与李香香》的作者是李季。
53.被誉为中国第一只白天鹅的是白淑湘。
54.芭蕾舞中的术语主要为法文。
55.《倾城之恋》的`作者是张爱玲,《金锁记》中的女主人公是曹七巧或七巧。
56.长篇小说《金粉世家》的作者是张恨水。
57.被孔子评价为观后“三月不知肉味”的乐舞是大韶。
58.周朝制定的《六大舞》和《六小舞》标志着我国宫廷舞蹈的正式建立。
59.法国近代史上曾先后产生两个巴黎公社,前一个巴黎公社产生于18世纪法国资产阶级,其性质是资产阶级的;后一个产生于19世纪,其性质是无产阶级的。
60.晚明性灵小品主要是指张岱、袁宏道、袁中道、王思任、刘侗等人的创作。
61.“回裾转袖若飞雪,左铤右铤生旋风”描写的是胡腾舞。
62.新时期朦胧诗的三位代表诗人是北岛、顾城、舒婷。
63.18世纪将中国建筑介绍到欧洲的著名人物是钱伯斯。
64.在草原、森林、湿地、海洋和沙漠中,其中被列为地球三大生态环境的是森林、海洋、湿地。
65.电影《红高粱》是根据莫言的小说改编的。
66.全面保护符合历史建筑保护的精神。
67.寻根文学的代表作品小说《棋王》的作者是阿城,小说《爸爸爸》的作者是韩少功。
68.《说园》的作者是陈从周,他还设计了美国大都会博物馆中的明轩。
69.老作家巴金在80年代写的散文集的名字是《随想录》。
70.戏曲中扮演士兵、衙役等随从人员的被称为龙套。
71.西方古典建筑是指古希腊、古罗马建筑。
72.电影《长恨歌》是香港导演关锦鹏最近拍摄的电影,电影是根据王安忆作品改编的,郑秀文扮演的女主人公的名字叫王琦瑶。
73.文艺复兴时期建筑师设计教堂的理想空间是中心化。
74.人体中共有23对染色体,每个染色体内有1个DNA。
75.电影《活着》是根据余华作品改编的。
76.电影《芙蓉镇》是根据古华的小说改编的。
77.世界上最大、最深的内陆湖的名字是贝加尔湖,它在俄罗斯。
78.袁雪芬是越剧的著名演员。
79.最先提出“地球”概念的是柏拉图。
80.中国画简称”国画”,强调用线来描绘对象。
81.世界七大奇迹是埃及金字塔;巴比伦空中花园;小亚细亚的阿耳忒弥斯神庙、奥林匹亚的宙斯神像、哈利卡纳苏的摩索拉斯陵墓、爱琴海罗得岛上的太阳神巨像、亚历山大城法罗斯岛上的灯塔。
82.电影《芙蓉镇》是根据古华的小说改编的。
83.扬州八怪指的是扬州画派,有汪士慎、黄慎、金农、高翔、李鱼单、郑板桥、李方膺、罗聘等人。
84.电影《大红灯笼高高挂》是根据作家苏童的《妻妾成群》改编的。
85.中国的山水画主要有青绿、金碧、水墨、浅绛、设骨等技法形式。
86.京剧还有其他一些称谓是平剧或皮黄剧。
87.书法宋四家指苏轼、黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄。
88.《榕树下》是网站。
89.戏曲中的“老旦”通常扮演老年妇女。
90.戏曲表演的四种技术手段是唱、念、做、打。
91.唐代楷书代表书法家是欧阳询、虞世南、诸遂良、薛稷、颜真卿、刘公权。
92.“游园惊梦”是昆曲《牡丹亭》中的一场戏。
93.小说《一地鸡毛》的作者是刘震云。
94.京剧《霸王别姬》是梅兰芳的代表作。
95.20世纪50年代被称为“一出戏救活一个剧种”的剧目是《十五贯》。
96.Q系列有一系列商数,如AQ、EQ、IQ、MQ,它们的相应表示是AQ——逆境商数;EQ——情绪商数;IQ——智力商数;MQ——道德商数。
97.三星堆被发现于四川省,主要出土是青铜器。
98.全球著名的迪斯尼乐园其名称的由来是其创始人、美国著名电影制片人及动画片导演迪斯尼的名字;目前在亚洲有3座,其中东京2座,香港1座。
99.诺贝尔文学奖的获得者是品特。
100.小说《锡鼓》的作者是德国作家格拉斯。
篇8:英美文学试题
全部题目用英文作答,并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上,否则不计分。
PART ONE (40 POINTS)
Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your correct answer on the answer sheet.
1.“And we will sit upon the rocks, /Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.” The above lines are taken from ______.
A. Milton’s Paradise Lost B. Marlowe’s “The Passionate shepherd to His Love”
C. Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 18” D. John Donne’s “The Sun Rising”
2.The English Renaissance period was an age of ______ .
A. poetry and drama B. drama and novel C. novel and poetry D. romance and poetry
3.Here are four lines taken from Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene: “But on his brest a bloudie Crosse he bore,/The deare remembrance of his dying Lord,/For whose sweete sake that glorious badge he wore,/And dead as living ever him adored.” Who is the “dying Lord” discussed in the above lines?
A. Beowulf B. King Arthur C. Jesus Christ D. Jupiter
4.In Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shylock, because ______. A. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industry
B. his enterprise went bankrupt C. Bassanio was able to pay his own debt D. his ships had all been lost
5. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?
A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature. B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.
C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.
6. In English poetry, a four-line stanza is called ______.
A. heroic couplet B. quatrain C. Spenserian stanza D. terza rima
7. “Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,/Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;/Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smile /The short and simple annals of the poor.” The above lines are taken from .
A. Alexander Pope’s Essay on Criticism B. Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”
C. John Donne’s “The Sun Rising”
8. By making the truth-seeking pilgrims suffer at the hands of the people of Vanity Fair, John Bunyan intends to show the prevalent political and religious ______of his time.
A. persecution B. improvement C. prosperity D. disillusionment
9. The 18th century witnessed a new literary form-the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common people.
A. romantic B. realistic C. prophetic D. idealistic
10. As a whole, ______is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life— socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally.
A. Moll Flanders B. Gulliver’s Travels C. Pilgrim’s Progress D. The School for Scandal
11. An honest, kind-hearted young man, who is full of animal spirit and lacks prudence, is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain knowledge of himself and finally to have been accepted both by a virtuous lady and a rich relative .
The above sentence may well sum up the theme of Fielding’s work .
A. Jonathan Wild the Great B. Tom Jones C. The Coffe-House Politician D. Amelia
12. In Sheridan’s The School for scandal, the man who wins the hand of his beloved as well as the inheritance of his rich uncle is ______ .
A. Charles Surface B. Joseph Surface C. Sir Peter Teazle D. Sir Benjamin Backbite
13. Which of the following works best represents the national spirit of the 18th-century England?
A. Robinson Crusoe B. Gulliver’s Travels C. Jonathan Wild the Great D. A Sentimental Journey
14. Shelley’s masterpiece, Prometheus Unbound, is a verse drama, which borrows the basic story from ______ .
A. the Bible B. a German legend C. a Greek play D. One Thousand and One Nights
15. In the first part of the novel Pride and prejudice, Mr. Darcy has a (n) ______ of the Bennet family .
A. high opinion B. great admiration C. low opinion D. erroneous view
16. In Byron’s poem “Song for the Luddites,” the word “Luddite” refers to the ______ .
A. workers who destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment
B. rising bourgeoisie who fights against the aristocratic class
C. descendents of the ancient king ,Lud D. poor country people who suffered under the rule of the landlord class
17. Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps the best ______ characters created by Charles Dickens.
A. comic B.tragic C. round D.sophisticated
18. A typical feature of the English Victorian literature is that writers became social and moral ______ , exposing all kinds of social evils.
A. revolutionaries B. idealists C. critics D. defenders
19. “Is it not sufficient for your infernal selfishness, that while you are at peace I shall writhe in the torments of hell?”(Heathcliff uttered the sentence in the death scene of Catherine from Chapter XV of Wuthering Heights.) The word “hell” at the end of the quoted sentence refers to ______ .
A. Heaven B. Hades C. the next world D. this world
20. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of ______ ,who never pays any attention to human feelings.
A. justice B. humor C. morality D. property
21. “He was silent with conceit of his son. Mrs. Morel sniffed, as if it were nothing.”(Sons and Lovers by D.H.Lawrence)From the above quotation, we can see that Mrs. Morel’s attitude to her husband is ______ .
A. sincerely warm B. genuinely kind
C. seemingly angry D. merely contemptuous
22. A boy makes a quest of his idealized childish love through painful experience up to the point of losing his innocence and coming to see the drabness and harshness of the adult world.
The above sentence may well sum up the major theme of ______.
A. Eliot’s poem The love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Bernard shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession
C. Joyce’s story Araby D. Lawrence’s story The Horse Dealer’s Daughter
23. Linguistically, compared with the writings of Mark Twain, Henry James’s fiction is noted for his ______.
A. frontier vernacular B. rich colloquialism C. vulgarly descriptive words D. refined elegant language
24. Which of the following statements about Washington Irving is NOT true?
A. Literary imagination should breed in a land rich in the past culture.
B. He is preoccupied with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil.
C. His stories are among the best of the American literature.
D. Some of his works are based on the materials of the European legendary tales.
25. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ideas advocated by Emerson, the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism?
A. As an individual, man is divine and can develop and improve himself infinitely.
B. Nature exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human beings.
C. There exists an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “Oversoul.”
D. Evil and sin are ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation to another.”
26. Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ______ .
A. the strict poetic form B. the free and natural rhythm
C. the easy flow of feelings D. the simple and conversational language
27. “Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.” In the quoted sentence, the author might imply that ______.
A. nothing changes in the 5000 years of human history B. man’s desire to conquer nature can only end in his own destruction C. nature is evil as it was 5000 years ago D. nature has the ultimate creative power
28. “Standing on the bare ground,—my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space ,—all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all. The currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.” The above passage is taken from ______.
A. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin B. Cooper’s “Leatherstocking Tales”
C. Emerson’s “Nature” D. Dreiser’s Sister Carrie
29. Which of the following works best illustrates the Calvinistic view of original sin?
A. Stowe’s Uncle Ton’s Cabin B. James’s The Portrait of a Lady.
C. Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms D. Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.
30. Beside symbolism, all the following qualities EXCEPT ______are fused to make Melville’s Moby-Dick a world classic.
A. narrative power B. psychological analysis C. speculative agility D. optimistic view of life
31. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ______ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically.
A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious
32. In Daisy Miller, Henry James reveals Daisy’s ______ by showing her relatively unreserved manners.
A. hypocrisy B. cold and indifference C. grace and patience D. Americanness
33. The raft with which Huck and Jim make their voyage down the Mississippi River may symbolize all the following EXCEPT ______.
A. a return to nature
B. an escape from evils, injustices, and corruption of the civilized society
C. the American society in the early 19th century
D. a small world where people of different colors can live friendly and happily
34. Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story “A Rose for Emily,” can be regarded as a symbol for all the following qualities EXCEPT______.
A. old values B. rigid ideas of social status C. bigotry and eccentricity D. harmony and integrity
35. As a Modernist poet ,Pound is noted for his active involvement in the ______ .
A. cubist school of modern painting B. Imagist Movement
C. stream-of-consciousness technique D. German Expressionism
36. The statement that a boy’s night journey to an Indian village to witness the violence of both birth and death provides all the possibilities of a learning experience may well sum up the major theme of ______ .
A. Faulkner’s story “A Rose for Emily” B. Hemingway’s story “Indian Camp”
C. Irving’s story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” D. James’s story “Daisy Miller”
37. Which of the following plays by O’Neill can be read autobiographically?
A. The Hairy Ape B. The Emperor Jones C. The Iceman Cometh D. Long Day’s Journey Into Night
38. When we say that a poor young man from the West tried to make his fortune in the East but was disillusioned in the quest of an idealized dream, we are probably discussing about ______’s thematic concern in his fiction writing.
A. Henry James B. Scott Fitzgerald C. Ernest Hemingway D. William Faulkner
39.After his experiences in the forest, Young Goodman Brown returns to Salem ______.
A. desperate and gloomy B. renewed in his faith C. wearing a black veil D. unaware of his own sin
40. According to Mark Twain, in river towns up and down the Mississippi, it was every boy’s dream to some day grow up to be ______.
A. Methodist preacher B. a justice of the peace C. a riverboat pilot D. a pirate on the Indian ocean
PART TWO (60POINTS)
Ⅱ.Reading comprehension(16 points,4 for each)
Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
41. “One short sleep past, we wake eternally,
And death shall be no more; death, thou shalt die.”
Questions:
A. Identify the poem and the poet. B.What does the word “sleep” mean? C. What idea do the two lines express?
42. “Never did sun more beautifully steep
In his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;
Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!
The river glideth at his own sweet will:
Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;
And all that mighty heart is lying still!”
(William Wordsworth’s sonnet: “Composed upon Westminster Bridge” September 3, 1802)
Questions:
A. What does the word “glideth” in the fourth line mean?
B. What kind of figure of speech is used by wordsworth to describe the “river”?
C. What idea does the fourth line express?
43. “With Blue—uncertain stumbling Buzz—
Between the light—and me—
And then the Windows failed—and then
I could not see to see—” Questions:
A. Identify the poem and the poet. B. What do “Windows” symbolically stand for?
C. What idea does the quoted passage express?
44. “‘Is dying hard, Daddy?’
‘No, I think it’s pretty easy, Nick, It all depends.”’
Questions: A. Identify the work and the author.
B. What was Nick preoccupied with when he asked the question?
C. Why did the father add “It all depends” after he answered his son’s question?
Ⅲ. Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)
Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
45. It is said that B. Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession, has a strong realistic theme, which fully reflects the dramatist’s Fabianist idea. Try to summarize this theme briefly.
46. Emily Bronte used a very complicated narrative technique in writing her novel Wuthering Heights. Try to tell Bronte’s way of narration briefly.
47. “In your rocking-chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel.” The two sentences are taken from Theodore Dreiser’s novel, Sister Carrie. What idea can you draw from the “rocking-chair”?
48. The literary school of naturalism was quite popular in the late 19th century. What are the major characteristics of naturalism?
Ⅳ. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)
Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
49. Discuss the possible theme in W.B. Yeats’s “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” and how that theme is presented in the poem.
50. “My faith is gone!” cried he (Goodman Brown), after one stupefied moment. “There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! For to thee is this world given.”
Comment on this passage from Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown”.
1-5 B A B D C 6-10 B D A B B 11-15 B A A C C 16-20 A A C D D 21-25 D C D B D 26-30 A B C D D
31-35 B D C D B 36-40 B D B A C
41. A. The peam is “Death,Be not Proud”, which writted by John Donne
B. The world “sleep” means “death”;
C. The two lines express the idea that there is nothing frightening in
death. Though we might die,we can keep alive spiritually forever.
42.A The word “glideth” means “flows”; B wordsworth uses personification to describe the “river”
C The fourth line expresses the idea that the river is flowing happily as a living things , which implies the beauty of the nature;
43. A The poem is “I heard as Fly buzz --when I died--” by Emily Dickinson.
B “windows” symbolically stand for the door to heaven.
C The quoted passage vividly describes the moment of my dying and expresses my doublt of the existence of eternal heaven.
44. A. The work is “Indian Gamp” by Ernest Hemingway.
B. Nick was preoccupied with the pain and violence of death.
C. By adding “It all depends” the father meant that death means differently to different poeple. To such weak persons like the husband of the Indian woman it's a pretty easy,while strong-willed person will not easily commit suicide.
IIII.
45. The play deals with the themes of prostiution as a big bussiness in the bourgeois society . The play launches possibly the sharpest and the bitterest attack ever made by Shaw upon the very foundation of the “civilized” capitalist world.
The play hits the very heart of capitalism as a social system according to which economic exploitation is not only considered the legitimate thing adopted everywhere but is pursued shamelessly by “dignified”members of the society through the lowest and the dirtiest means.
46.There are complicated narrative levels in Wuthering Heights The main narrative is told by Nely ,Catherine's old nurse. to Mr. Lockwood,a temporary tenant at Grange. The latter gives an account of what he see at Wuthering Heights.In the main narrative by Nelly s the sub---narrative told through Isabella's letters a Nelly.While the central intrest is maintained,the sequence of its development is constantly disordered by flashbacks,This marks the story all the more enticing and genuine.
47. From the “rocking-chair” we can draw that Carrie was dreaming of the bright future.
Although she was often disillusioned ,she was not at all in despair.
48. Naturalism is one school of realism where the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but
more ironic and more pesimistic. The American naturalism accepted the more negative implication of Darwin's evolutionary
theory and used it to account for the behavior of theose characters in literary works who conceived as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes,their habits conditioned by social and economic forces. They chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society,and portrayed misery and poverty of the 'underdogs' who were deomostrably victims of society and nature. One of the most familiarcially as an explanation of sexual desire, Articically naturalistic writings are usually unpolished in language,lacking in academic skills and unwieldy in structure. Philosophically,the naturalists believe that the realand true is always partially hidden form the eyes of the individual,or beyond his control.
49. The major themes in Yeats's peoms are usually Celtic legends ,local folktales,or stories of the heroic in Irish history. Many of his early poems have a dream quality,expressing melancholy,passive and self-indulgent feelings.But ina number of poems, Yeats has achieved suggestive pattern of meaning by a careful countpointing of contrasting indeas or images like human and fairy, natural and artifical,domestic and wild ,and ephermral and permanent. “Innisfree” is just a popula representative fo such peomss;
around a “fairlyland” background,the peom is imagery give the peom a haunting quality. The charity and control of the peotry is very delicate with natural imagery,dream-like atmospher and musical beauty. The possible theme is that tired of the life of his day, Yeats sought to escape into an ideal “fairlyland” where he could live calmy as a herimit and enjoy the beauty of nature. The peam consists of three quatrains of iambic pentameter ,with each stanza rhymed abab.Innisfree is an inlet in the lake in Irish lengends. Here the author is referring to a place for hermitage.
50. This passage appears after Goodman Brown's experience in the forest. Brrown attends a witch's Sabbath in the woods and is confronted with a vision of human evil there. After he returns to his home,he lives a dismal and gloomy life because he is never able to believe in goodness or piety again.The passage exemplifies the concern of guilty and evil in Hawthorne's work. Its hero experience from the transition from naive young man who accepts both society in genral and his fellow men as individuals worth his regard to a sistrustful and doublful person.Howevers,the
story is manipulated in such a way that we as readers fell that Hawthorne poses the question of Good and Evil in man but withholds his answer, and he does not permit hismself to determin whether the events of the night of trail are real or the mere figment of a dream.
薄冰英语语法 第八章 被动语态
第八章 被动语态
8.1 语态的含义和种类
语态(voice)是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的.关系。
英语的语态分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如:
(1)Yesterday! I parked my car outside the school. 昨天我把我的汽车停在学校外边。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
(2)A sound of piano is heard in the adjoining room. 听到邻居房间里有钢琴声。
被动语态常由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可以用于各种时态,但较常用的有下列十种:
1)现在一般时
(3)Xiao Wang, you are wanted in the office. 小王,办公室有事找你。
(4)I am not so easily deceived. 我不是轻易上当受骗的。
2)过去一般时
(5)I was invited to the concert. 我应邀参加了音乐会。
(6)Our house was built in 1969. 我们家的房子建于1969年。
3)将来一般时
(7)We hope that an agreement will be arrived at. 我们希望会达成一项协议。
(8)This matter will be looked into in the future. 这件事将来是要查明的。
4)过去将来一般时
(9)He said that the bridge would be built next year. 他说这座桥明年将建成。
(10)Another half-hour and all doors would be locked—all lights extinguished. 再过半小时,所有的门都要上锁—所有的灯都要熄灭。
5)现在完成时
(11)My car has been repaired. 我的汽车已修好了。
(12)The party has been planned since the new year. 这聚会自新年起就已筹划了。
6)过去完成时
(13)The portieres that hung across the folding doors had been taken down for the summer. 折门上面的门帘夏天已经取下来。
(14)Tootie looked at the lanterns that had been lighted and placed near the opening. 图蒂望着那些已经点着并放在洞口附近的提灯。
7)将来完成时
(15)The new books will have been entered in the register before another parcel arrives. 这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。
(16)This class will have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years by next summer. 到明年夏天,这个班将由布朗先生教毕二年了。
8)过去将来完成时
(17)The headmaster said the article would been completed translated by six o’clock. 校长说这篇文章将在6点钟以前翻译完毕。
(18)He said that the bridge would have been completed before July. 他说这桥将于7月前完成。
9)现在进行时
(19)This question is being discussed at the meeting. 这个问题正在会上讨论。
(20)The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 孩子们现在正由姑母照看着。
10)过去进行时
(21)When I called, tea was being served. 我来拜访时,正值上茶之际。
(22)With his fingers, he gently searched the crown and brim of his hat to be sure it wasn’t being crushed. 他用手指轻轻地摸找帽顶和帽边,以肯定它没有被压坏。
[注一]完成进行时态一般不用被动语态。它们的被动意义可用完成时态来表示,如He has been being examined.(他已被考过。)一般应代之以He has been examined。将来进行时与过去将来进行时一般也不用被动语态。其被动意义可用一般时态来表示,如He will be being examined while we are there.(他将在我们在那里时被考。)可代之以He will be examined while we are there。
[注二]关于非限定动词的被动语态见本书第十章有关各节。
被动语态除常用be加过去分词构成外,还可用“get+过去分词”结构。这种结构多用在口语中,后面一般不接by短语。如:
(23)Hundreds of people get killed every year by traffic on the roads. 每年都几百人死于道路交通事故。
(24)The boy got hurt on his way to school. 这男孩在上学的路上受伤了。
被动语态可含有情态动词,其结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词”。如:
(25)This must be done as soon as possible. 这件事必须尽快做。
(26)What’s done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。
(27)These stairs are very dangerous. They should be repaired. 这楼梯很危险,应该修理了。
(28)Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 过马路要非常小心,要看两边,不然会被车撞倒的。
有不少短语动词相当于及物动词,所以这些短语动词亦有被动语态。如:
(29)Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory. 我们实验室做了许多有趣的实验。
(30)Boxing was gone in for here in the early 1950s. 20世纪50年代初期,这里拳击很盛行。
有些由“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词,其结构比较松散,变成被动语态时也可以将名词和其后的介词拆开(使介词和其后的宾语合成一介词短语)。这种被动语态常用于正式文体中。如:
(31)Mess had been made of the house. 家里乱作一团。(主动句是:The owner had made mess of the house.)
(32)Good use is made of the library. 这图书馆的利用率很高。(主动句是:They make good use of the library.)
8.2主动语态变被动语态
主动语态变为被动语态,可分为下列三种情况:
1)“主+ 谓+宾”句型变为被动语态时,先将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语(宾语如为人称代词,须将宾格变为主格);然后将主动结构中谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态;最后在谓语动词的被动语态之后加by,再将主动结构中的主语置于介词by之后(如为人称代词,须将其主格变为宾格)。如:
(1)Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大?格雷厄姆?贝尔于1876年发明了电话。(主动结构)
(2)The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 电话是亚历山大?格雷厄姆?贝尔于1876年发明的。(被动结构)
(3)The manager has not signed the papers. 经理没有在这些文件上签字。(主动结构)
(4)The papers have not been signed by the manager. 这些文件还没有由经理签字。(被动结构)
被动结构中的by短语,如无必要指出,则可省去。如:
(5)I posted that letter last night. 我昨晚把那封信投邮了。(主动结构)
(6)That letter was posted last night. 那封信是昨晚投邮的。(被动结构)
如宾语是—that从句,变为被动语态时可用it作被动句的形式主语。如:
(7)The know that he is an expert. 他们认为他是一位专家。(主动结构)
(8)It is known that he is an expert. 人们认为他是一位专家。(被动结构)
或把主动句中宾语从句的主语变为被动句的主语,宾语从句中的谓语部分变为不定式短语。如:
(9)He is known to be an expert. 他被认为是一位专家。(被动结构)
[注一]将主动句变为被动句时,偶尔可把by短语放在过去分记词之前,如He was by someone known to have worked for the German fascists.(有人知道他曾为德国法西斯干过事。)这里将by someone移至过去分词known之前显然是由于known和其后的to have worked的关系更为密切。有时by短语也可放在主语补语之后,如Tea drinking is considered one of the pleasures of life by the Chinese.(喝茶被中国人认为是一种人生乐趣。)。
[注二]在较古的英语中,被动句中也可用of短语代替by短语。现仍见于少数一些说法中。如:
①He was beloved of everybody. 他受到大家的爱戴。
②He was devoured of a long dragon. 他被一长龙吞噬了。
被动结构中的by短语并不一定总是代表动作的执行者,它有时也可表方式或原因。如:
(10)A policeman is known by the clothes he wears. 警察可以从他穿的服装认出来。
(11)I was very much flattered by his asking me to dance a second time. 我对他再次请我跳舞感到高兴。
2)“主+ 谓+宾+宾”句型(一般地说一为间接宾语,一为直接宾语)变为被动结构时,只将主动结构中的一个宾语变为被动结构中的主语,另一宾语不变。这一保留不变的宾语叫做保留宾语(retained object)。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语,间接宾语之前则应加介词to(可省去)或for(一般不可省)。如:
(12)He told her a long story. 他给她讲了一个长故事。(主动结构)
(13)She was told a long story. 她听了一个长故事。(被动结构)
(14)A long story was told to her. 有人对她讲了一个长故事。(被动结构)
(15)Mother bought me a new coat. 母亲给我买了件新上衣。(主动结构)
(16)I was bought a new coat. 有人给我买了件新上衣。(被动结构)
(17)A new coat was bought for me. 有人给我买了件新上衣。(被动结构)
[注]被动句中强调间接宾语时,其前的介词to不可省去,如Ample warning was given to then, not to me.(受到严厉警告的是他们,不是我。)。
上述句型中的两个宾语有时都是直接宾语。变为被动结构时,一般皆将主动结构中指人的宾语变为主语。如:
(18)The teacher asked the students a very unusual question. 教师向学生提了一个很不寻常的问题。(主动结构)
(19)The students were asked a very unusual question. 学生被问了一个很不寻常的问题。(被动结构)
偶尔也可将主动结构中指物的宾语变为主语,但指人的保留宾语之前一般不可加任何介词。如:
(20)He will forgive you your offence. 他将宽恕你的无礼。(主动结构)
(21)Your offence will be forgiven you. 你的无礼将得到宽恕。(被动结构)
3)“主+谓+复合宾语”句型(含有一个宾语加宾语补语)变为被动结构时,只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,宾语补语不变。如:
(22)They chose Tom captain. 他们选汤姆为队长。(主动结构,宾语补语为名词)
(23)Tom was chosen captain. 汤姆被选为队长。(被动结构)
(24)In spring, all the islanders paint their houses white. 春天的时候,所有岛民都把他们的房子涂成白色。(主动结构,宾语补语为形容词)
(25)Their houses are painted white. 他们的房子被涂成白色。(被动结构)
(26)They recognized him as a genius. 他们认为他是一个天才。(主动结构,宾语补语为介词短语)
(27)He was recognized as a genius. 他被认为是一个天才。(被动结构)
(28)We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again. 我们要求教师再解释一下这些难句。(主动结构,宾语补语为不定式)
(29)The teacher was asked to explain the difficult sentences again. 教师被要求再解释一下这些难句。(被动结构)
(30)I found him lying on the floor. 我发现他躺在地板上。(主动结构,宾语补语为现在分词)
(31)He was found lying on the floor. 他被发现躺在地板上。(被动结构)
(32)We found all our seats occupied. 我们发现所有我们的位子都被占了。(主动结构,宾语补语为过去分词)
(33)All our seats was found occupied. 所有我们的位子发现都被占了。(被动结构)
但在下列情况下,主动句一般不能变为被动句:
1)谓语是:
a)及物动词leave,enter,reach,resemble,become(适合) suit,benefit,lack等。
b)不可拆开的take place,lose heart,change colour,belong to,consist of等短语动词。
2)宾语是:
a)反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动名词等。
b)虚词it,如cab it,foot it等。
c)身体的某一部分,如shake one’s head等。
d)某些抽象名词,如interest(兴趣)等。
8.3 被动语态的用法
英语里多用主动语态,但用被动语态的场合也不少,似乎要比汉语用得广泛。英语的被动语态常用于下列几种场合:
1)当我们不知道动作的执行者时。如:
(1)Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。
(2)Look! There’s nothing here. Everything has been taken away. 看!这里什么也没有。一切都被拿走了。
2)当我们不必要提出动作的执行者时。如:
(3)I was born in 1960. 我生于1960年。
(4)Such things are not done twice. 这种事不可再做。
3)当我们强调或侧重动作的承受者时。如:
(5)She is liked by everybody. 她为人人所喜欢。(强调she)
(6)A good time was had by all. 大家都玩得很痛快。(侧重a good time)
4)当我们出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。如:
(7)Where can you be reached? 哪里可以和你接头?(避免说出“我”)
(8)You’ll be contacted. 我们会和你联系的。(避免说出“我们”)
5)当我们出于行文的需要时。如:
(9)The film was directed by Xie Jin. 该电影由谢晋导演。(上文谈的是该影片)
(10)Helen was sent to the school by her parents when she was nine. 海伦九岁时被父母送到这座学校。(上文谈的是海伦)
6)有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。如:
(11)It’s done! (可缩略为Done!)成啦!(现在一般时被动式表动作已完成)
(12)He is said to be a good teacher. 他被认为是一个好教师。
(13)The line of flags was slung between two trees. 一列国旗挂在两树之间。
(14)He was born in 1919. 他生于1919年。
(15)She is reputed to be the best singer in Europe. 她被誉为是欧洲最佳歌手。
[注]被动语态便于论述客观事实,故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍及景物描写。
8.4 含被动意义的主动语态
有些不及物动词(其主语大都指物)的主动语态可以表示被动意义。这种不及物动词有下列几种:
1)某些连系动词。如smell,taste,sound,prove,feel等。
(1)The flowers smell sweet. 这花儿很香。
(2)The food tastes nice. 这食物的味道好。
(3)That sounds very reasonable. 这话听上去很有道理。
(4)The story proved quite false. 这一套话证实完全是假的。
2)某些与can’t,won’t等连用的不及物动词,如move,lock,shut,open等。
(5)It can’t move. 它不能动。
(6)The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
3)某些可和well,easily等副词连用的不及物动词,如read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook,photograph等。
(7)The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
(8)The poem reads smoothly. 这首诗读起来很流畅。
(9)The cistern doesn’t clean easily. 这水槽不容易弄干净。
(10)This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. 这种米做饭比那种熟得快。
4)某些可用于“主+谓+主补”结构中的不及物动词,如wear,blow等。
(11)This material has worn thin. 这种布料已穿薄了。
(12)The door blew open. 门给吹开了。
有些不及物动词的进行时亦具有被动意义。如:
(13)Corn is selling briskly. 谷物畅销。
[注] 上述不及物动词有些亦可用作及物动词,但二者有所不同。如:
①The door opened. 门开了。
②The door was opened. 门被打开了。
例①强调the door本身内在的特性,表明“门”本身可开可关,不强调动作的执行者;例②则相反,强调“门被人打开了”,与门本身的特性无关。
8.5 被动语态与系表结构的区别
所谓系表结构,在此乃指“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”结构。它与被动语态的形式完全一样,于是就有一个如何区别它们的问题。总的来说,它们有以下几点不同:
1)被动语态中的过去分词是动词,表动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,表状态。前者可用by短语表动作的执行者,后者则一般不用by短语。如:
(1)The composition was written with great care. 这篇作文写得很用心。(被动语态)
(2)The composition is well written. 这篇作文写得好。(系表结构)
(3)These articles are sold quickly. 这些货物售得快。(被动语态)
(4)These articles are all sold out. 这些货物全售出了。(系表结构)
(5)Such questions are often settled through negotiations. 这类问题通常通过谈判解决。(被动语态)
(6)The question is settled. 这个问题解决了。(系表结构)
2)系表结构一般只用于现在一般时与过去一般时。被动语态则除可用于上述两种时态之外,还可用于其它时态。如:
(7)I have been driven to it. 我是被迫至此。(被动结构)
(8)The flowers will be planted next week. 下周种花。(被动结构)
3)系表结构中的过去分词可被very所修饰;被动语态中的过去分词可用much修饰。试比较:
(9)He was very agitated. 他很激动。(系表结构)
(10)He was much agitated by the news. 他听到消息后很激动。(被动结构)
4)系表结构有主动意义,被动结构只有被动意义。现将具有主动意义的系表结构举例说明如下:
a)过去分词表心理、感情,如:
(11)She is resolved to become a ballet dancer. 她决心当一名芭蕾舞演员。
(12)I am quite puzzled. 我感到十分困惑。
b)过去分词是反身动词,如:
(13)The open square was bathed in light. 宽阔的广场淋浴在阳光中。(主动式是bathed itself)
(14)The way was lost between the trees. 小路消失在树林之中。(主动式是lost itself)
c)过去分词与介词搭配,如:
(15)He was puzzled about it. 他为那件事感到困惑。
(16)Are you interested in this subject? 你对这门课感兴趣吗?
(17)We were surprised at the news. 我们对那消息感到惊讶。
(18)She was scared out of her wits. 她吓得不知所措。
(19)The child is accustomed to sleeping alone. 这孩子习惯独自睡了。
[注]过去分词有时可后接with,也可后接by。一般来说,by强调动作,with强调状态,试比较:seized by a man 被人捉住,seized with a fever 发烧;covered by a lid 被盖子盖住,covered with a lid 为盖子所盖住
5)有时只能从上下文才能加以区别。如:
(20)The door was closed. 门关上了。
(21)The road was mended. 路修好了。
独立地看,上述两例,既可是被动结构,也可是系表结构。遇到这种情况,则应根据上下文去理解。
篇9:英美文学试题
PART ONE (40 POINTS)
I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your choice on the answer sheet.
1.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is( ).
A. humanism B. realism C. naturalism D. skepticism
2.Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the following except( ).
A. Hamlet and King Lear B. Antony and Cleopatra and Macbeth
C. Julius Caesar and Othello D. The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream
3.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”opens one of well-known essays by
A. Francis Bacon B. Samuel Johnson C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift
4.In Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent( )touch in his description of the simple though primitive rural life.
A. nostalgic B. humorous C. romantic D. ironic
5.Backbite, Sneerwell, and Lady Teazle are characters in the play The School for Scandal by( ).
A. Christopher Marlowe B. Ben Jonson C. Richard Brinsley Sheridan D. George Bernard Shaw
6.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“( )in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
A. tragic epic B. comic epic C. romance D. lyric epic
7.In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,”William Blake expresses his perception of the“fearful symmetry”of the big cat. The phrase“fearful symmetry”suggests( ).
A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically set B. the poet’s fear of the predator
C. the analogy of the hammer and the anvil D. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation
8.“What is his name?”
“Bingley.”
“Is he married or single?”
“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”
The above dialogue must be taken from( ).
A. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice B. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights
C. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte Saga D. George Eliot’s Middlemarch
9.The short story“Araby”is one of the stories in James Joyce’s collection( ).
A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. Ulysses C. Finnegans Wake D. Dubliners
10.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except( ).
A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common people
B. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
C. the humble and rustic life as subject matter
D. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
11.Here are two lines taken from The Merchant of Venice:“Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew/Thou mak’st thy knife keen.”What kind of figurative device is used in the above lines?
( ) A. Simile. B. Metonymy. C. Pun. D. Synecdoche.
12.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by( ).
A. J. Keats B. W. Blake C. W. Wordsworth D. P. B. Shelley
13.The poems such as“The Chimney Sweeper”are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by
A. William Wordsworth B. William Blake C. John Keats D. Lord Gordon Byron
14.John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress is often regarded as a typical example of( ).
A. allegory B. romance C. epic in prose D. fable
15.Alexander Pope strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by( )rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.
A. classical B. romantic C. sentimental D. allegorical
16.In his essay“Of Studies,”Bacon said:“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and( ).”
A. skimmed B. perfected C. imitated D. digested
17.“For I have known them all already, known them all—/Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,/I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.”The above lines are taken from( ).
A. Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper” B. Eliot’s“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
C. Coleridge’s“Kubla Khan” D. Yeats’s“The Lake Isle of Innisfree”
18.(The)( )was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.
A. Romanticism B. Humanism
C. Enlightenment D. Sentimentalism 19.A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of( ), who never pays any attention to human feelings.
A. morality B. justice C. property D. humor
20.The typical feature of Robert Browning’s poetry is the ( ).
A. bitter satire B. larger-than-life caricature C. Latinized diction D. dramatic monologue
21.George Bernard Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the( ).
A. slum landlordism B. political corruption in England
C. economic oppression of women D. religious corruption in England
22.The story starting with the marriage of Paul’s parents Walter Morel and Mrs. Morel must be
A. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles B. D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers
C. George Eliot’s Middlemarch D. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre
23.In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is( ). A. Washington Irving B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Walt Whitman
24.The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision.”The term“black vision”refers to
A. Hawthorne’s observation that every man faces a black wall
B. Hawthorne’s belief that all men are by nature evil
C. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his story
D. that Puritans of Hawthorne’s time usually wore black clothes
25.Theodore Dreiser was once criticized for his( )in style, but as a true artist his strength just lies in that his style is very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought.
A. crudeness B. elegance C. conciseness D. subtlety
26.“He is the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment take him in search of his personal Grail; his failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream.”The character referred to in the passage is most likely the protagonist of( ).
A. Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby B. Dreiser’s An American Tragedy
C. Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls D. Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
27.Almost all Faulkner’s heroes turned out to be tragic because( ).
A. all enjoyed living in the declining American South B. none of them was conditioned by the civilization and social institutions C. most of them were prisoners of the past D. none were successful in their attempt to explain the inexplicable
28.Yank, the protagonist of Eugene O’Neill’s play The Hairy Ape, talked to the gorilla and set it free because
A. he was mad, mistaking a beast for a human
B. he was told by the white young lady that he was like a beast and he wanted to see how closely he resembled the gorilla C. he was caged with the gorilla after he insulted an aristocratic stroller
D. he could feel the kinship only with the beast
29.In( ), Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference.
A. “After Apple-Picking” B. “The Road Not Taken” C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”
D. “Fire and Ice”
30.Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereas Whitman likes to keep his eye on human society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as( ), immortality, religion, love and nature.
A. progress B. freedom C. beauty D. death
31.The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the( )in the American literary history. A. individual feeling B. survival of the fittest C. strong imagination D. return to nature
32.Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be( ).
A. transcendentalists B. optimists C. pessimists D. idealists
33.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,( )became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.
A. Sentimentalism B. Romanticism C. Realism D. Naturalism
34.American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were(a)“( ),”devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization.
A. Lost Generation B. Beat Generation C. Sons of Liberty D. Angry Young Men
35.In( ), Washington Irving agrees with the protagonist on his preference of the past to the present, and of a dream-like world to the real world.
A. “Young Goodman Brown” B.“Rip Van Winkle” C. “Rappaccini’s Daughter” D.“Bartleby, the Scrivener”
36.Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in( ).
A. The House of the Seven Gables B. The Scarlet Letter C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The Pioneers
37.Like Nathaniel Hawthorne,( )also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.
A. Mark Twain B. Henry James C. R. W. Emerson D. Herman Melville
38.In his realistic fiction, Henry James’s primary concern is to present the( ).
A. inner life of human beings B. American Civil War and its effects
C. life on the Mississippi River D. Calvinistic view of original sin
39.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Mark Twain’s writing style?( )
A. Simple vernacular. B. Local color.
C. Lengthy psychological analyses. D. Richness of irony and humor.
40.Which of the following statements about E. Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story“A Rose for Emily,”is NOT true?( )
A. She has a distorted personality. B. She is physically deformed and paralyzed.
C. She is the symbol of the old values of the South. D. She is the victim of the past glory.
PART TWO (60 POINTS)
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)
Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
41.“Words are like leaves; and where they most abound,
Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found”
Questions:
A. Identify the poem and the poet. B. What idea do the two lines express?
42.“To be so distinguished, is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.”
Questions:
A. Identify the work and the author. B. What is the tone of author?
43.“‘Faith! Faith!’cried the husband. ‘Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One.’”
Questions:
A. Identify the work and the author. B. What idea does the quoted sentence express?
44.“We passed the School, where Children strove
At Recess—in the Ring—
We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—
We passed the Setting Sun—”
Questions: A. Identify the poem and the poet.
B. What do“the School,” “the Fields”and“the Setting Sun”stand for respectively?
Ⅲ. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)
Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
45.As a rule, and allegory is a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning, and an implied meaning. List two works as examples of allegory. What is the implied meaning an allegory is usually concerned with?
46.“Let it not be supposed by the enemies of‘the system,’that during the period of his solitary incarceration, Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the advantages of religious consolation.”
What do you think Charles Dickens intends to say in the above ironic statement taken from Oliver Twist?
47.Whitman has made radical changes in the form of poetry by choosing free verse as his medium of expression. What are the characteristics of Whitman’s free verse?
48.Some of Hemingway’s heroes are regarded as the Hemingway code heroes. Whatever the differences in experience and age, they all have something in common which Hemingway values. What are the characteristics of the Hemingway code hero?
Ⅳ. Topics for Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)
Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
49.Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successful character created by Jane Austen. Make a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character.
50.Take Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as an example to illustrate the statement that Mark Twain was a unique writer in American literature.
温馨小贴士:正确对待考研英语作文模板
快考研了,对于英语作文的复习,大家比较常用的方法就是背模板,来听听一些阅卷老师的看法:
一、作文模板要背,但不要背太多。关键是要准!老师是人,当然知道大家都是模板,不会因为这个难为大家。模板不是错,也没有歧视,但你连摸版都背不准,都背错,那就是你的不对了.我发现很多同学上下句不连贯,但都很优美,可见是拼接的,按本人经验,模版一个就可以对付大多数,问题是你要会用,而不是背一堆,又不准,同时还自己拼,那怎么能行?
二、考场上除非万不得已不要抄上面卷面上的句子。本人第一天连续发现4张卷子句子相同。上报组长,雷同卷,差点按0分处理,后来还好又发现类似卷子,原来都是从翻译抄下来的,0分终于避免了,但8分以下是跑不了了,欺骗老师啊~~~~
三、要有发光点,注意你是在考研,你让老师看到的是important,there be,那就等着8分左右吧,好象中国学生最会的句子就是there be,一片there be,更郁闷的是,有人还把时态弄错了,那完了,祈祷吧!用词,要对的起研究生(Q吧) 考试的水平啊,你就不能换点高级的词吗?
四、最重要的是每段开头.我算了一下,每份卷子,快的老师5秒,我差不多要10多秒。而且还要写两个名字,你觉得我能看到什么?首句!我们肯定不会乱改,但你要是在首句被我们看见低级词、低级句子、低级错误,那完了,这就决定你最终分数,就算你后面写的再好,也完了,前面是定性的,后面是定量的记得我的话!!!
五、多用难句,难词。要让我在枯燥的工作中惊艳,而且在5秒内,你就只有让我觉得,你很牛啊,从句子看出来,同时注意,不要写错!
六、一定要检查!特别是普通用法,要是普通用法错误,直接降一等,难的用法错了也就算了。你连there be都错,那能怪老师吗?我给的2个高分被组长打回原形,就是因为有低级错误!不要出错!
七、字体优美!强烈建议练练字,能写斜体的就很好,至少多3分,不能写的,字写明白,否则,损失的不止3分。
八、从北京地区改卷来看,分数比较多的是在,7,8左右,要按文章要求写,文章第一段多是描绘,注意上下句衔接,同时要有铺垫,不要上来第一个词就是confidence,太突兀了,看了有点晕。
九、作文不用花太多时间,但不花时间绝对不行,还是我说的,三个方面
1:背熟一个模版并运用好
2:不出错误
3:让老师惊艳的词句,就差不多了。
十、小作文没改,不知道,不过似乎他们看的速度比我们快的多,为你们祈祷~~呵呵。
十一、补充,套话还是要学的。背一点,最后可以筹字数起码,用的好的话也是个闪光点。
十二、好象没什么了,记住相信老师,北京地区分数低,不是老师随意压分,是我们严格执行标准,你们能做的,是提高水平!
十句对你不客气的英语口语
10句对你不客气的英语口语
1. Just wait and see. I won't let you get away with that.
咱们走着瞧。我不会让你得逞的。
2. You'll be sorry.
你会后悔的。
3. You're gonna get what's coming to you.
你会得到报应的。
4. If you're looking for a fight, you don't have to look far.
如果你想找人打架的话,不用找太远。
5. Watch your mouth. Do you know who you're talking to?
说话客气一点。你知道你在跟谁说话吗?
6. I'll get even with you sooner or later.
跟你的这笔账我迟早会要回来的。
7. Listen, you've picked the wrong person to quarrel with.
听着,你找错吵架的对象了。
8. You'd better take that back.
你最好收回那句话。
9. You want to take it outside? Anytime!
你想到外头解决(干架)吗?随時奉陪!
10. Don't mess with me! / Don't get fresh with me!
不要惹我!/ 给我放尊重一点!
英美文学作家作品
■ 英国部分
古英语Old English 450-1066 中世纪英语(文学) Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century 乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry 文艺复兴(含义)The Renaissance - rebirth or revival 人文主义Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life 1.斯宾塞Edmund Spenser - the poets' poet 2.马洛Christopher Marlowe - University Wits, the pioneer of English drama Blank verse无韵诗体, hyperbole夸张 浮士德博士的悲剧 3.莎士比亚William Shakespeare - above all writers in the past and in the present time 四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth 十四行诗第18首 《威尼斯商人》 《哈姆雷特》 4.培根Francis Bacon - brevity, compactness(简洁) & powerfulness, his essays is an important landmark in the development of English prose Inductive method 归纳法 in place of deductive method 演绎法 《论学习》 5.邓恩John Donne 玄学诗派metaphysical poetry - break away from love poetry, a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods Conceits, syllogism 三段论 《日出》 《致死神》 6.弥尔顿John Milton 《失乐园》 《复乐园》 《力士参孙》 新古典主义Neoclassicism - a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion抑制情感 & accuracy 怯懦 启蒙思想(运动) Enlightenment - a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science 哥特式小说Gothic novel - mystery, horror & castles 神秘、恐怖 7.班扬John Bunyan (“浮华集市”) 8..蒲伯Alexander Pope 《论批评》 “words are like leaves; and where they most abound. Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found. ”what idea do the two lines express? On fruit trees, where leaves are plentiful, fruit will be few. Similarly, in a piece of writing, where too many fine words are used, good sense will be reduced. 9. 笛福Daniel Defoe - the first writer study of the lower-class people《罗宾汉》 10.斯威夫待Jonathan Swift - a master satirist讽刺作家. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently永存的 flawed有瑕疵的 Proper words in proper places 《温和的建议》 《格列佛游记》 11.菲尔丁Henry Fielding –英语小说之父 Father of English novel, Prose Homer Comic epic in prose 《汤姆?琼斯》 12.约翰逊Samuel Johnson - first combine an English dictionary, last neoclassicist enlightener 《英文字典》 致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信 13. 谢里丹Richard Brinsley Sheridan - the only important English dramatist of the 18th century 《?情敌》 14.格雷Thomas Gray The Graveyard(墓地) School《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》 ?浪漫传奇Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of 人文主义精神the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace The romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's 浪漫主义时期 The Romantic Period 15.布莱克William Blake -engraver雕刻家 《扫烟囱的人》 16.华兹华斯William Wordsworth - the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous自发的, worshipper of nature' Lake Poets' - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey骚赛 He defines the poet as a 'man speaking to men', and poetry as 'the spontaneous overflow洋溢 of powerful feelings, which originates in 'emotion recollected沉思默想的 in tranquillity安静'. “我孤独地游荡,就象一朵云” 《威斯敏斯特桥上,189月3日》 《她居住在人迹罕至的地方》 《孤独的割麦女》 17.柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge - supernatural, remote Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic (supernatural) & the conversational(对话的) The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces –《古舟子咏》(又,《老水手之行》) 18.拜伦George Gordon Byron 拜伦式英雄'Byronic hero' is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin贵族血统, against tyrannical残暴的 rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in《恰尔德?哈罗德游记》 19.雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley Shelley’s masterpiece, Prometheus unbound, Is a verse drama. which borrows the basic story from a Greek play. 英国人民之歌 《西风颂》 20.济慈John Keats 4 great odes – 忧郁颂 21.简奥斯汀Jane Austen 《傲慢与偏见》 维多利亚时期 The Victorian Period 达尔文《物种起源》Darwin's 功利主义Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people 22.狄更斯Charles Dickens - one of the greatest critical realist writers批判现实主义作家 of the Victorian Age维多利亚时代 Character-portrayal描写 is the most distinguishing feature特点 of his works A mingling混合 of humor and pathos 悲伤,惆怅 《双城记》 23.勃朗蒂姐妹The Bront? Sisters - Charlotte, Emily & Anne Bront?, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature. 《简?爱》 24.丁尼生Alfred Tennyson - invents dramatic monologue, Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人, a real artist 拍吧, 拍吧, 拍吧 《过沙洲》 ”尤利西斯” 25.布朗宁Robert Browning - the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue 《指环与书》 我逝去的公爵夫人 26.乔治?艾略特George Eliot: As a 女性作家woman of exceptional 特有的intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women 《米尔德马契》 27.哈代Thomas Hardy - both a 自然主义naturalistic and a critical realist writer 地方乡土色彩Local-colored, Wessex, 'novels of character and environment' 《德勃家的苔斯》 ?夜里的相会 现代主义 The Modern Period 28.萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw- 1884 join the Fabian Society, strongly against the credo信条 of “art for art’s sake”, vehemently 激烈condemned the “well made” but cheap, hollow plays. He wrote more than 50 plays. Mission of his drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth from a radical reformist point of view. 《鳏夫的房产》 29.高尔斯华绥 John Galsworthy- was born into a upper-middle-class上层(富裕的)中产阶级 family. 《银盒》 第一个三步曲Trilogy--《福赛特世家》 第二个三步曲second Forsyte trilogy:《现代喜剧》 第三个三步曲 30.叶芝 William Butler Yeats was born into an Anglo-Irish Protestant family in Dublin. organized the Irish National Dramatic Socirty and opened the Abbey Theatre. a moderate nationalist. build a mystical system of beliefs(history, life followed a circular spiral螺旋 pattern consisting of long cycles which repeatd themselves over and over on different levels). 象征symbol : “winding stairs旋梯”, “spinning tops陀螺”, “gyres旋转”, “spirals” long poetic career, 3 period 《茵尼斯弗利岛》 《丽达及天鹅》 31. T. S.艾略特 T. S. Eliot 《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 32.劳伦斯 D. H. Lawrence 《儿子和情人》 33.乔伊斯 James Joyce 《都柏林人》 Started with Washington Irving's called 'the American Renaissance'Free expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to nature New England Transcendentalism 先验主义/超验主义 1.欧文Washington Irving - father of the American short stories, the American Goldsmith Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced First novel 2.爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson - the spokesman of New England Transcendentalism movement 3.霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne Interior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity 4.惠特曼Walt Whitman Openness, freedom, individualism I - me, my nation (society), Free verse, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing) A new ideal, a new world, a new life-style 5.麦尔维尔Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne Realistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, people's attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence Local colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyon man's control 6.马克?土温Mark Twain - the true father of American literature Local colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, 'the damned human race' The Gilded Age 3 boyhood books 7.亨利詹姆斯Henry James - international theme, psychological realistStream of consciousness, interior monologue, free association 8.迪金森Emily Dickinson Based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys 9.西奥多?德莱塞Theodore Dreiser - America's literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire - The modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorder Seize the day, enjoy the present, spiritual wasteland, collective unconscious, psychoanalysis Imagist movement, Jazz Age 10.庞德Ezra Pound - a leading spokesman of the 'Imagist Movement' 11.弗洛斯特Robert Lee Frost - four times awarded Pulitzer Prize, pastoral life and scene 12.尤金?奥尼尔Eugene O'Neill - founder of the American drama, won the Pulitzer Prize four times 毛猿 13.司哥特?费兹杰拉德F. Scott Fitzgerald - spokesman of the Jazz Age, Dollar Decade, 1920s A double vision of the Jazz Age, both an insider and an outsiderAmerican Dream 了不起的盖茨比 14.海明威Ernest Hemingway - awarded the Nobel Prize Iceberg style, Code hero, the lost generation, grace under pressure 15.福克纳?William Faulkner - awarded a Nobel Prize South, imprisonment in the past Stream of consciousness, multiple points of view Yoknapatawpha Country old way of life. Thus her death is like the falling of a monument. 复习要点一: 1、在中国,作家独立创作童话始于“五四”时期的叶圣陶,他的童话的代表作是 《稻草人》 。 2、按童话的人物形象分,可分为常人体、拟人体和超人体童话。 3、幼儿童话最基本的艺术特征是幻想。 4、知识经验越是缺乏的人,其受的束缚就越小,幻想的空间就越大。 5、广义地说来,凡是故事,都以叙述事件为主。 6、故事在结构上比较重视开端、发展、高潮 和结局等几个环节;情节的重心在发展部分。 7、从表现形式上分,幼儿故事可分为文字故事和图画故事。 8、幼儿生活故事主要是以幼儿为主要人物。 9、幼儿图画故事可分为有文图画故事和无文图画故事。 10、图画故事的可视性特点很适合幼儿感知觉和直觉思维的特点。 11、图画故事《鼠小弟的小背心》的主题思想是互相帮助。 复习要点二: 1、第一个对民间童话进行加工整理的作家是贝洛。 2、第一个文人独立创作童话的作家是安徒生。 3、童话“小人国、大人国”出自《格列佛游记》。 4、幼儿童话的艺术幻想比较集中体现在人物、情节和环境 等几个方面。 5、幼儿故事要求故事情节单纯和生动。 6、《兔子为什么变成豁嘴唇》是幼儿动物故事。 7、幼儿故事不允许有大多的议论、环境、心理描写。 8、在我国,上世纪代才开始有不多的幼儿图画故事,郑振铎是积极的倡导者和开拓者。 9、有文图画故事中的文字要简洁明了。 10、幼儿故事的教育作用主要体现在生动有趣的故事情节中。 复习要点三: 1、幼儿童话继承了神话、传说和民间故事的某些写法。 2、“知识童话”又称为“科学童话”。 3、幼儿童话常用的手法有夸张、拟人和象征。 4、《木偶奇遇记》的作者是科洛弟。 5、幼儿故事的情节并不是越曲折复杂就越能引起幼儿的兴趣。 6、因为文学作品是虚构的,所以幼儿生活故事中的人物和情节不可以是真人真事。 7、“既在情理之中,又在意料之外”,是所有故事作品追求的一种艺术效果。 8、图画故事离开了文字还是独立的。 9、图画故事能训练幼儿观察、注意、思维、想象等方面的能力,能使幼儿从小就对书、对阅读产生兴趣。 10、图画故事的跳跃性在某种程度上并不会破坏了故事情节的连贯性。 复习要点四: 1、幼儿童话的基本特征是幻想,但幻想主要是通过以下几方面的艺术手法来表现的: 首先要描述夸张、拟人和象征等手法的定义及其作用; 以具体的作品为例,分别描述那些手法是“怎样”体现幻想的内容; 结合幼儿的心理特点,描述那些“幻想化”的内容对幼儿产生了怎样的作用。 误会和巧合是幼儿故事常用的手法,请自选一篇作品为例,具体分析误会和巧合的艺术效果:(1)首先要描述误会和巧合的定义及其作用; (2)以具体的作品为例,分别描述误会和巧合在作品中的运用(这种运用需要特定的条件); (3)如果不用误会和巧合,将是怎样的效果,可以对比分析。 复习要点一: 幼儿文学对幼儿具有审美 认识 娱乐和教育等多种功能和价值。 2、幼儿文学的美学特征表现为具有游戏的精神、游戏的品位、荒诞的色彩和生动(形象、浅显)的语言。 3、儿歌的特殊形式有:摇篮曲、游戏歌、数数歌、问答歌和连锁调、绕口令、颠倒歌、字头歌、 谜语歌等几种。 4、在情趣方面,幼儿诗重情,儿歌重趣。 5、在押韵方面,儿歌要押韵,幼儿诗可以不押韵。 6、幼儿诗可以分为抒情诗、叙事诗、童话诗 /题画诗和 散文诗等几种。 复习要点二: 学前儿童一般是指3岁6岁。 《五卷书》是印度的。 十七世纪出版的童话集《鹅妈妈的故事》的整理者是贝洛。 幼儿思维方面的特点主要表现为形象思维 、直觉思维 、行动思维。 “小牙刷,手里拿,早晚都要刷刷牙。脏东西,都刷掉,满嘴小牙白花花。”是三三七言儿歌。 6、儿歌的语言要求是浅显。 7、连锁调主要运用了顶针的修辞手法。 8、“南北大街东西走,十字街头人咬狗。拿起狗来赶砖头,倒让砖头咬了手”是一首颠倒歌。 9、幼儿诗是五四时期出现的。 10、鲁兵的《小老虎逛马路》是一首童话诗。 复习要点三: 1、幼儿文学必须是“幼儿”的,又必须是“文学”的。 2、70年前后,美国的纽伯瑞在纽约开设了世界上第一家儿童书店。 3、幼儿常常会把想象中的事物与现实中的事物混淆起来。 4、所谓“稚拙”,但不包含有“愚昧”的意思。 5、儿歌要押韵,但幼儿诗可以不押韵。 6、儿歌的趣味性重要于教育性。 7、儿歌属于口头文学。 8、母爱是摇篮曲永恒的主题。 9、儿歌的语言可以随意更改,而幼儿诗的语言却不可以随意更改。 10、虽然幼儿诗是给幼儿读的,但也要讲究意境。 复习要点四: 幼儿文学要顾及幼儿的心理特点,那么,幼儿的感知觉特点与幼儿文学之间的联系:(1)先用概括性语言表述幼儿在感知觉方面有哪些特点。 再谈这种特点在欣赏幼儿文学时会有什么表现,并举例说明。 最后用不同体裁的作品进一步印证,归纳出幼儿的感知觉特点与幼儿文学的联系。 儿歌特别强调音乐性,因为: 要强调儿歌是口头文学,是用来吟诵的; 幼儿不识字,音乐性特点能帮助幼儿记忆背诵; 有音乐性就容易上口,能增强幼儿学习的趣味性。 1、The Colonial Period(1607-1765) American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息,夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响(metaphysical) 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism(end of 18thto the civil war) American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature 短篇小说 James Fenimore Cooper 历史,冒险,边疆小说《The Leather-stocking Tales>文明发展对大自然的摧残与破坏 William Cullen Bryant 美国第一个浪漫主义诗人《To a Waterfowl>美国山水,讴歌大自然,歌颂美国生活现实 Edgar Allan Poe ---(48 poems,70 short stories) He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake.” He was father of psychoanalytic criticism , and the detective story. Ralph Waldo Emerson---The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism American Transcendentalism (also known as “ American Renaissance” ) It is the high tide of American romanticism Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 《Nature》---the Bible of Transcendentalism by Emerson 《Self-Reliance》表达他的超验主义观点 Henry David Thoreau------ Walden he regarded nature as a symbol of spirit.Thoreau was very critical of modern civilization. 小说家:Hawthorne-赞成超验He is a master of symbolism The Scarlet Letter《红字》 Melville 怀疑,悲观,sailing experiences Moby Dick百科全书式性质/海洋作品/动物史诗 诗人Longfellow《 I Shot an Arrow...》《A Psalm of Life》第一首被完整地介绍到中国的美国诗歌 Whitman (Free Verse---without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme ) 《Leaves of Grass》《 One's Self I Sing》《O Captain! My Captain!》song Dickinson inner life of the individual ---died for beauty 4、The Age ofRealism James upper reaches of American society. <一位女士的肖像》inner world of man Howells, concerned himself chiefly with middle class life. Twain the lower strata of society. humor and local colorism American Naturalism自然主义(新型现实) Stephen Crane;《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》《The Red Badge of Courage》pessimistic Theodore Dreiser;Sister Carrie;Jennie Gerhardt;An American Tragedy(Trilogy of Desire) O.Henry (William Sydney Porter):The Gift of the Magi;The Cop and the anthem Jack London:The Call of the Wild;Martin Eden 5、 The Modern Period The 1920s-1930s ( the second renaissanceof American literature) The Roaring Twenties ,The Jazz Age ,“lost”(Gertrude Stein) and “waste land”(T.S.Eliot) 现代主义小说家 F. Scott Fitzgerald:《The Great Gatsby》 被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征,以美国梦American Dream为主线。 Hemingway迷惘一代Iceberg Principle (Theory):The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. 《The Sun Also Rises 1926》《The Old Man and the Sea 》 William Faulkner :Yoknapatawpha Country---以故乡为原型虚构南方贵族家庭的没落 The Sound and the Fury 取自莎士比亚的《麦克白》 Anderson :《Winesburg, Ohio 》,又称“小镇畸人” 现代主义诗人:Two characteristic strains:introspection自省&social criticism Imagism 意象派 Pound:《In a Station of the Metro》《Cantos》 Stevens:《Anecdote of the Jar》〈The Man with the Blue Guitar> Williams: T.S.Eliot:: 浪漫派:Frost:《The Road Not Taken》《Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 》 Hughes:---Poet Laureate of Harlem,Harlem Renaissance 开创黑人文学 Dreams 《梦想》 Border Line 《分界线》 6、当代,后现代时期 The Post-War Period (The Beat Generation ,Black Humor,寻找自我) Ellison(黑人): Invisible Man 《看不见的人》---“寻找自我”主题的代表作 Allen Ginsberg(Jewish):《Howl》―跨掉的一代代表作 [美国文学试题及答案] 【幼儿文学试题】相关文章: 1.文学常识试题篇10:幼儿文学复习资料
篇11:幼儿文学复习资料
篇12:美国文学试题及答案






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