美国历届总统简介：第8任总统 马丁范布伦
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篇1：美国历届总统简介：第8任总统 马丁范布伦
Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States, serving one term in office. He was born on December 5, 1782 in Kinderhook, New York and died of heart failure in 1862. His father was a tavern keeper and farmer. Van Buren was the first president born as a citizen of the U.S.A., as all previous presidents were born before the American Revolution.
马丁·范布伦是美国第8任总统，任期为一届。1782年11月5日，他出生在美国纽约州的肯德胡克，并于1862年因心脏衰竭逝世。他父亲是位酒馆老板兼农民。马丁·范布伦是第一位以美国公民身份出生并当选美国总统的人。因为前7位美国总统均出生在美国独立战争之前。
Van Buren studied law and entered New York politics at the age of 17. He faithfully fulfilled his official duties for a decade and a half. His skill at gathering support for his party earned him the nickname “The Little Magician”. In 1821, he was elected to the United States Senate representing New York. President Andrew Jackson rewarded Van Buren's loyalty by appointing him Secretary of State in 1829.
17岁时，马丁·范布伦学习法律，并跨入纽约政坛。在十年零6个月的时间里，他忠实地履行了自己的公务。他善于为自己所在的党派争取支持，并因此获得“小魔术师”的绰号。18，他被推选进了纽约州参议院。1829年，安德鲁·杰克逊总统为表彰马丁·范布伦的忠诚，将他推选为美国国务卿。
Van Buren's rise to the Presidency continued in 1833 when he was appointed Andrew Jackson's Vice President. Van Buren was President Jackson's first choice to take over from him from 1837. He easily won the 1836 election. Van Buren devoted his Inaugural Address to explaining how the American experiment and its prosperity was an example to the rest of the world.
1833年，马丁·范布伦被任命为安德鲁·杰克逊的副总统，自此，他离美国总统之职也不远了。美国总统杰克逊希望，马丁·范布伦能在1837年接任美国总统之职——他是杰克逊心中的总统第一人选。1836年，马丁·范布伦在美国总统大选中轻松获胜。他的就职演说主要解释了美国是如何创建起来的，同时还声明了美国的繁荣是世界的榜样。
His Presidency was largely dominated by the recession that followed the “Panic of 1837”. Hundreds of banks and businesses failed. Thousands lost their land. It was the worst depression to hit America in its short history. Many blamed him for it and nicknamed him “Martin Van Ruin”. He was voted out of office in 1840 and was an unsuccessful candidate for President as an independent in 1848. He died in 1862.
马丁·范布伦在担任美国总统时，主要是在经济衰退中度过的，这次的经济衰退发生在“1837年恐慌”之后。当时，数以百计的银行及公司倒闭，上千人失去自己的土地——这是出现在美国短暂历史上最严重的一次经济衰退。许多人责备马丁·范布伦，并给他起绰号为“马丁·范祸根”（“Martin Van Ruin”）。1840年，马丁·范布伦在美国总统大选中竞选失败，并卸任了美国总统的职务。1848年，作为一个独立的美国总统候选人，马丁·范布伦还是遭到了落选。1862年，马丁·范布伦逝世。
篇2：马丁.范布伦简介
绰号：“小魔术师”
出生：1782年12月5日，纽约
死于：1862年7月24日，纽约
父亲：亚伯拉罕·凡buren
母亲：玛莉亚·凡buren
夫人：汉纳(1783-1819)，182月21日结婚
孩子：亚伯拉罕·凡buren(1807-73)；
约翰·凡buren(1810-66)；
马丁凡buren(1812-55)；
史密斯·汤普森·凡buren(1817-76)
宗教：荷兰改革派
教育：从kinderhook学院毕业(1796)
职业：律师
政党：民主党
其他政府位置：纽约州参议员，1813-15
纽约司法部长，1815-19
国家参议员，1821-29
纽约州长，1829
国务卿，1829-1831(在杰克逊下)
派往英国的部长，1831
副总统，1832-1837(在杰克逊下)
总统的薪水：25，000美元/年
马丁·范布伦虽然只有5英尺，6英寸高，但是他的修饰很整洁。范布伦是荷兰人的后裔，1782年生于纽约州金德胡克镇。母亲是约翰奈斯·范艾伦的遗孀，在嫁给他父亲之前已有了三个孩子。范布伦的父亲是个农场主。范布伦接受了正规教育，并学习了法律。18取得律师资格。1818—18为纽约州参议员，并任州司法部长。
作为一名年轻的律师他参加了纽约政界。他当选总统前，曾任纽约州参议员、国会参议员、纽约州长、国务卿和副总统等职。在1821年被选入美国参议院。
到1827年他已经成为安德鲁·杰克逊的主要北方领导人。
“小魔术师”在1832年，被选举为副总统，并且在1836年赢得总统职位。
1837年范布伦上台后，美国爆发了严重的经济危机。恐慌开始，数百家银行倒闭，生意破产。他提出独立国库制度等措施。在就职演说中他宣布，他将继续推行杰克逊的政策。1840年他建议把政府基金从各州银行提出存入“独立金库”。他还发布命令，规定参加兴建联邦公共工程的人，其工作时间每天不得超过8小时。在他四年任期内，美国和加拿大边界发生严重冲突，最后签订了《韦伯斯特—阿斯伯顿条约》。由于严重的经济萧条延续多年，人民对范布伦失去信心。1840年他竞选连任时，败于哈里森。他卸任后曾希望东山再起，但没有成功。他著有《回忆录》和《美国政党的起源和进程》。后来又两度参加竞选，都遭到失败，从此退出政坛，影息故乡。死于1862年。
篇3：美国历届总统简介：第3任总统 托马斯杰斐逊
Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States. He was born in 1743 in Virginia and died on July 4, 1826. He was the third of ten children and grew up on his father's 5,000-acre plantation. He studied law at college. Jefferson is frequently listed as one of the USA's greatest Presidents. He was also one of its most powerful advocates of personal freedom and envisioned a great “Empire of Liberty”.
托马斯·杰斐逊是美国第三任总统。1743年，他出生在美国弗吉尼亚州，并于1826年7月4日逝世。杰斐逊有十个兄弟姐妹，他排行第三，且从小成长在父亲经营的5000亩种植园中。在大学里，他学的是法律。人们常将杰斐逊列入美国最伟大总统的行列。杰斐逊强烈支持人身自由，他还设想过一个伟大的“自由帝国”。
Jefferson became a lawyer in 1767 and had a great love of books. He was a very eloquent correspondent using the written word, but was no public speaker. At the age of 33, Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence. In the following years, he labored to make its words a reality in Virginia. Most notably, he wrote a bill establishing religious freedom, which became law in 1786.
1767年，杰斐逊成了律师，并非常热爱书籍。他是位雄辩的记者，能熟练地使用书面语，但他不是演说家。在杰斐逊33岁时，他起草了《独立宣言》。在接下来的几年里，他到弗吉尼亚践行《独立宣言》。更难能可贵的是，他建立了一项宗教自由法案。该法案于1786年成为美国法律。
Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1785. His sympathy for the French Revolution led him into conflict with the party of the Federalists. He gradually assumed leadership of the Republicans and became Vice President in 1796. In 1801, he became America's third President and served from 1801 to 1809. He advocated tax cuts and presided over the abolition of the slave trade in 1807.
1785年,继本杰明·富兰克林之后，杰斐逊担任了驻法外交部长。他同情法国大革命，这使他陷入了与联邦党人的冲突。后来，他逐渐成为了共和党人的领袖，并于17被推选为美国副总统。18，他被选为美国第三任总统，任期自1801年至18。杰斐逊支持减税，并于1807年主持废除奴隶贸易。
While in Office, Jefferson purchased the vast Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 and authorized expeditions to explore the new west. He also established the University of Virginia and the US Military Academy at West Point. He is remembered by the Jefferson Memorial in Washington and as one of the four sculpted presidents on the Mount Rushmore Memorial. He also appears on US postage stamps.
在杰斐逊任职期间，也就是1803年，杰斐逊从法国买下了路易斯安那的大片土地，并允许考察队在这探索。他还成立了美国弗吉尼亚大学和西点军校。为纪念杰斐逊，人们在华盛顿成立了杰斐逊纪念馆；将他的模样刻成雕像，摆放在拉什莫尔纪念馆中——拉什莫尔纪念馆中摆着四位总统的雕像，杰斐逊便是其中之一；并将他的肖像影印在美国邮票上。
篇4：美国历届总统简介：第26任总统 西奥多?罗斯福
Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt was the 26th President of America. He served for two terms between 1901 and 1909. He was born in 1858 in New York City. He was mostly home schooled because of ill health as a child. He graduated from Harvard (where he was a boxing champion) and in 1880 entered law school. He dropped out a year later to enter politics. He is often ranked as the greatest ever U.S. President.
西奥多·罗斯福是美国第26任总统，人称“泰迪”。他的任期为1901-1909，共两届。1858年，他出生于纽约市。小时候体弱多病，大部分时间在家中完成学业。罗斯福毕业于哈佛大学（当时他是学校的拳击冠军），1880年，进入法律学校。一年之后辍学，并进入政坛。人们经常认为他是美国最伟大的总统。
During the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt was lieutenant colonel of the Rough Rider Regiment, which he led on a charge at the battle of San Juan. His war-hero status prompted New York Republicans to nominate himas Governor to draw attention away from the state’s scandals. Roosevelt won the election and served with distinction for two years.
美西战争期间，罗斯福担任第一志愿骑兵旅的中校，并在圣胡安战役中冲锋陷阵。战争英雄的称号使得纽约的共和党人提名罗斯福为纽约市长，并以此来转移美国丑闻的注意力。罗斯福获得了选举的胜利，并以优异的表现任职两年。
Roosevelt became Vice President in March 1901. Six months later, with the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, not quite 43, became the youngest President in the nation's history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency as he vigorously led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy.
1901年3月，罗斯福成为了美国副总统。6个月之后，随着麦金莱总统的遇刺，不到43岁的罗斯福成为了美国历史上最年轻的总统。他的总统生涯充满了惊喜和力量，他激励美国国会和民众实施强有力的改革政策，以及强势的外交政策。
As President, Roosevelt believed that the Government should play a greater role in the economy. He steeredthe U.S. more actively into world politics. He liked to quote a favorite proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far.” He won the Nobel Peace Prize for mediating the Russo-Japanese War. Someof his biggest achievements were in conserving America’s national parks. He died in 1919 aged 60.
作为总统，罗斯福认为政府应该在经济中扮演重要角色。他让美国在世界政治中变得更加活跃。他喜欢医用一句格言：“言语温和，手持大棒”。他也因为在日俄战争中的调停作用而获得了诺贝尔和平奖。他的许多伟大成就就是保护了美国的许多国家公园。19，罗斯福去世，享年60岁。
篇5：美国历届总统简介：第7任总统安德鲁杰克逊
Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States. He was born in a backwoods settlement in the Carolinas in 1767. His Irish-Scottish parents had immigrated to the USA from Ireland two years earlier. He was the youngest of three brothers but his father died three weeks before Jackson was born. He grew up in a very remote area of the Virginian countryside.
安德鲁·杰克逊是美国第7任总统。1767年，他出生在北卡罗来纳和南卡罗来纳交界地的一个边远地区。他的父母是爱尔兰裔苏格拉人，于1765年之前移民到美国。杰克逊是三兄弟中最小的一个，在他出生前的第三个星期，他父亲便去世了。他成长在维吉尼亚州的一个边远农村里。
At the age of 13 he joined the American Revolution as a courier. He was the last U.S. President to have fought in the Revolution. He was captured by the British and nearly starved to death. His mother died from Cholera in 1781, leaving Andrew an orphan at the age of 14. He began to study law in his late teens and became an outstanding young lawyer in Tennessee.
13岁时，杰克逊加入了美国独立战争，并担任通信员。他是最后一位参加过美国独立战争的美国总统。他曾被英国俘虏，并差点被饿死。1781年，安德鲁的母亲死于霍乱，14岁的他成了孤儿。在他十八九岁时，他开始学习法律，并成为了田纳西州一名杰出的年轻律师。
Jackson prospered sufficiently to buy slaves and to build a mansion near Nashville. He was the first man elected from Tennessee to the House of Representatives, and he served briefly in the Senate. He was a major general in the War of 1812 and became a national hero when he defeated the British at New Orleans. This paved his way to political success and eventually the Presidency in 1829.
当时，杰克逊很富有，他买了奴隶，并在纳什维尔附近建了一栋豪宅。他是田纳西州第一位被推选为的美国众议院议员的人，他还曾在美国参议院担任过短暂的职务。他是美国18战争的重要将领，曾在新奥尔良打败英国，并因此成为美国的民族英雄。这种.种都为他的政治生涯铺平了道路，并使他最终于1829年当选为美国总统。
Jackson served two terms as President, from 1829 to 1837. He supported the idea of a small federal government with a powerful President. He was a leading advocate of removing Native Americans from the east of the country and his policy eradicated many tribes. He also supported slavery. In 1835, Jackson survived an assassination attempt. He died of tuberculosis and heart failure in 1845, aged 78.
1829年至1837年，杰克逊连续担任了两届美国总统职务。他支持“总统集权的联邦制国家”。他是搬迁美国东部印第安人的主要倡导者，该“搬迁政策”根除了许多印第安部落。他还支持奴隶制。1835年，杰克逊遭到刺杀，并幸免于难。1845年，杰克逊死于肺结核及心力衰竭，享年78岁。
篇6：美国历届总统简介：第1任总统 乔治华盛顿
George Washington was the first President of the USA and is consistently voted as one its top five leaders. He was born in 1732 in Virginia. His family were well off and owned a plantation. Growing up, he learned the morals, manners, and knowledge necessary for an 18th-century Virginia gentleman. He was greatly interested in two things while he grew up: military arts and western expansion.
乔治·华盛顿是美国的第一届总统，同时也是美国的五大领袖之一。他于1732年出生在弗吉尼亚州一户拥有种植园的富裕家庭。随着年龄的增长，他学会了18世纪弗吉尼亚绅士的道德、礼貌、以及学识。在他的成长中，他对两件事特别感兴趣：军事艺术和西方殖民扩张。
In 1754, at the age of 22, he became a lieutenant colonel in the Army. He fought in the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The following year he escaped injury in battle although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him. His military experience taught him valuable lessons in leadership he would use later in his political life.
1754年，22岁的华盛顿成为了美国陆军中校。他参加了法国和印度之战的导火线。在接下来的一年里，尽管4颗子弹穿过他的上衣、2匹坐下的战马被子弹打死，而他却安然无恙。从军给了他领导方面的宝贵经验，这让他在日后的政治生涯中受益匪浅。
From 1759 to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Washington managed his lands. He married Martha Dandridge Custis and devoted himself to farming life. However, he felt exploited by British merchants and British regulations. In 1775, he took command of his ill-trained troops and embarked upon a war that was to last six grueling years. He forced the surrender of the British at Yorktown in 1781.
1759年至美国独立战争爆发期间，华盛顿经营着自己的农场。他与玛莎·丹德里奇·柯蒂斯结为了夫妇，并全身心投入到农耕生活中。然而，他体会到了英国商人及英国制度的剥削。1775年，他带领一支缺乏训练的队伍开始了长达6年的艰苦战役。1781年，他迫使英国人在约克镇投降。
Washington entered politics and became a prime mover in the steps leading to creating the Constitution in 1787. After the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected him as the USA's first President. Washington avoided further wars and promoted the importance of federal power. He died in 1799 and was hailed as “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen”.
1787年，华盛顿进入政坛，并成为创建美国宪法的主要发起人。新宪法获批后，总统选举团推选华盛顿为美国的第一任总统。此后，华盛顿在避免战争的同时，加强联邦政府的权力。1799年，华盛顿逝世。他被誉为“战争中的第一人、和平第一人、国人心中的第一人。”
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