美国历届总统简介：第15任总统 詹姆斯?布坎南
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篇1：美国历届总统简介：第15任总统 詹姆斯?布坎南
James Buchanan, Jr. was born the second of 11 children in 1791 into a well-to-do Pennsylvania family. He was gifted as a debater and graduated in law with honors in 1809. He was admitted to the bar in 1812. He was the 15th President of the United States, serving from 1857 to 1861. He is the only president never to have married and the last to be born in the 18th century.
1791，詹姆斯·布坎南出生于宾夕法尼亚州的一个富裕家庭，11个兄弟姐妹中他排行第二。他天生就有辩论的才能，并于18以优异的成绩毕业于法学系。18他参加了第二次独立战争。他成为了第15任美国总统，他任职的时间是1857-1861年。他是唯一一位从未拥有过配偶的总统，同时，他也是18世纪诞生的最后一位总统。
He was elected five times to the House of Representatives; then, after an interlude as Minister to Russia,served for a decade in the Senate. He became President Polk's Secretary of State and President Pierce's Minister to Great Britain. Service abroad helped to bring him the Democratic nomination in 1856 because it had left him out of involvement in bitter domestic controversies.
他曾经竞选了5次参议院议员，之后他在参议院工作了十年的时间，在这之前他是驻俄罗斯公使。他曾经是波尔克总统的国务卿，还担任了皮尔斯总统的驻英国公使。在国外的工作帮助了他在1856年的民主党提名，因为这让他远离了国内激烈的论战旋涡。
When Buchanan became President, the country was rapidly becoming divided. He failed to realize how seriousthe North-South divisions were over the slavery question. He never understood that the North would not accept laws that favored the South. When the Dred Scott decision arrived, stating Congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights in slaves, the North was furious.
当他成为总统时，美国正在迅速分裂。他并没有意识到南北方在奴隶制问题上的严重分歧。他没有意识到北方军将不会接受对南方军有利的法律。德雷德·史考特决议的达成，说明国会没有剥夺奴隶财产权的法律权限，这让北方军大为恼火。
In 1860 his Democratic Party split into northern and southern wings. There was a power struggle in the party and several Cabinet members resigned. He appointed northerners and this lost him almost all the support he had in the south. In 1861 he sent a war ship to reinforce Fort Sumter in South Carolina. The state fired at it and it returned to New York, making Buchanan look weak. He died in 1868, aged 77.
1860年，他的民主党分成了南北两翼。党内发生了争夺权力的纷争，许多内阁成员辞职。党内发生了争夺权力的纷争，许多内阁成员辞职。他委派了北方军，这使他失去了他在南部的所有支持。1861年，他派军舰加强了南卡罗莱纳州苏姆特堡的进攻。敌方给予了还击，军舰返回了纽约，这使得布坎南显得非常孱弱。他去世于1868年，享年77岁。
篇2：美国历届总统简介：第4任总统 詹姆斯麦迪逊
James Madison was the fourth President of the United States. He was born in 1751 in Virginia, the oldest of twelve children. He studied history and government at Princeton (then called the College of New Jersey). He was well read in law, which he studied because he thought it was interesting, not because he wanted to become a lawyer. He is known as the “Father of the Constitution”.
詹姆斯·麦迪逊是美国的第四任总统，于1751年出生在美国的弗吉尼亚州。他是家中的长子，家里有12个兄弟姐妹。他曾在普林斯顿大学（当时名为“新泽西学院”）学习历史和政治。他通晓法律，但他之所以学习法律，并不是因为他想成为一名律师，而是因为他觉得法律很有意思。他被称为美国“宪法之父”。
Madison started out in politics at an early age. He served in the Virginia state legislature from 1776 to 1779 and became known as a protégé of Thomas Jefferson. During this time, he helped draft the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. He served a second term in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1784 to 1786. He gained a reputation for his ability to build coalitions.
麦迪逊在早年便开始了他的政治生涯。1776年至1779年，他服务于维吉尼亚州议会，被称为托马斯·杰斐逊的门生。在此期间，他协助起草了《弗吉尼亚宗教自由法令》。1784年至1786年，他连任了两届弗吉尼亚州众议院的代表。他善于创建联盟，并因此而闻名。
Madison was 36 when he attended the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and made a major contribution to its ratification. He felt he hadn't earned the title of “Father of the Constitution” and wrote that it was not “the offspring of a single brain, but the work of many heads and many hands”. In Congress, he helped frame the Bill of Rights and enact the first revenue legislation.
麦迪逊在36岁时参加了美国费城的制宪会议，并为它的批准作出了重大贡献。他觉得他并不是什么“宪法之父”，他写道：这部宪法并不是“一个人的杰作，而是众人的智慧与汗水的结晶。”在国会任职期间，他曾协助制定《权利法案》的框架，并颁布了第一条税收法。
Madison served as President between 1809 and 1817. He led America into the War of 1812 to try to end British interference in American affairs. The war ended in 1815 and is often called “the Second War of American Independence”. After the war he promoted a stronger national government and signed a bill that created the Second Bank of the United States. He died at the age of 85 in 1836.
1809年至18，麦迪逊担任美国总统。他曾带领美国人参加“1812年战争”，试图结束英国干涉美国内政的局面。该战争于18结束，通常被称为美国的“第二次独立战争”。战后，他促进了一个更强有力的美国政府的建立，并签署了一项法案，该法案规定成立美国第二银行。1836年，麦迪逊逝世，享年85岁。
篇3：美国历届总统简介：第5任总统 詹姆斯门罗
James Monroe was born in Virginia in 1758. He was America's fifth President and the last who was a Founding Father of the U.S.A. He inherited his father's plantation and fortune when he was 16. In 1776 Monroe dropped out of college to join the Army. He returned to academic life from 1780 to 1783 to study law under Thomas Jefferson. He felt a legal career would offer him “the most immediate rewards”.
詹姆斯·门罗于1758年出生在弗吉尼亚州。他是美国第五任总统，同时也是美国最后一位开国元勋。他16岁时继承了父亲的农场和财富。1776年，门罗辍学从军。1780年至1783年，他又重返学术生活，在托马斯·杰斐逊的门下学习法律。他认为律师职业能给予他“最直接的回报”。
In 1782, Monroe was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served in the Continental Congress between 1783 and 1786. As a youthful politician, he joined the anti-Federalists in the Virginia Convention which ratified the Constitution. In 1790, he was elected as a United States Senator. He served as Minister to France from 1794 to 1796 and helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.
1782年，门罗被选为弗吉尼亚州众议院代表，1783年至1786年，他任职于美国大陆会议。在弗吉尼亚州大会上，他加入了反联邦党人一派，当时他还是位年轻的政治家。1790年，他被选为美国参议员。1794年至17，他担任驻法公使，并协助谈判路易斯安那购买案。
His ambition and energy, together with the backing of President Madison, made him the Republican choice for the Presidency in 1816 and he was easily elected with little opposition. The Federalist opposition collapsed in disarray towards the end of his first term in office and he won re-election unopposed in 1820 for a second term as President.
他的野心、精力，以及麦迪逊总统的支持，使他成为了18共和党总统的首选。后来，他以绝对优势当选为美国总统。在他的第一个任期即将结束时，联邦反对党陷入了一片混乱。18，他又以极大优势获得美国总统的连任。
Monroe made strong Cabinet choices, naming a Southerner, John C. Calhoun, as Secretary of War, and a northerner, John Quincy Adams, as Secretary of State. In 1823 Monroe introduced a policy warning against European intervention in the Americas. Twenty years after he died in 1831, this became known as the Monroe Doctrine. It is still used by modern-day presidents.
门罗组建了一个强有力的内阁班子，他任命南方人约翰·卡德威尔·卡尔霍恩为美国战争部长，北方人约翰·昆西·亚当斯为美国国务卿。1823年，门罗发出政治警告，反对欧洲干涉美洲事务。门罗去世（1831年）20年后，这个政治警告被称为“门罗主义”。至今，“门罗主义”依然是美国总统的指南。
篇4：美国历届总统简介：第20任总统 詹姆斯?加菲尔德
Fatherless at two, he later drove canal boat teams, somehow earning enough money for an James Garfield wasborn in Ohio, in 1831. Fatherless at two, he later drove canal boat teams, somehow earning enough money for an education. He graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1856, and later returned to Ohio asa classics professor. Within a year he was made its president. He served 200 days as the 20th President ofthe United States before being assassinated in 1881.
1831年，詹姆斯·加菲尔德出生于俄亥俄州。两岁失去了父亲，之后他做了运河船工，并半工半读。1856年，他毕业于马塞诸塞的威廉斯学院，之后返回俄亥俄州，并在学校担任古典学教授。一年之内将他任命为威廉斯学院校长。他曾是美国第20任总统，1881年，在他被杀之前，他一共任职200天。
Garfield was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1859 as a Republican. During the secession crisis, he argued for strengthening the Union. In 1862, when Union military victories had been few, he successfully led a brigade in Kentucky, against Confederate troops. Ohioans elected him to Congress. He repeatedly won re-election for 18 years (nine terms), and became the leading Republican in the House.
1859年，作为共和党人，他被选举为俄亥俄州参议院议员。在这次的脱离危机中，他敦促大家团结一心。1862年，当时联合军败多胜少，加菲尔德领导部队来到肯塔基州，并成功地打败了南方联盟军。俄亥俄州人民选举他进入国会。并成功地连任，时长为（9任），并成为了国会共和党的领袖。
At the 1880 Republican Convention, Garfield became the “dark horse” nominee. In the Presidential election,Garfield defeated the Democratic nominee, Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, by a margin of only 10,000 popular votes. As President, Garfield successfully managed a national debt crisis. He also appointed several African Americans to prominent positions in his administration.
在1880年共和党大会上，加菲尔德成为了一匹“黑马”。在总统选举上，加菲尔德仅以1万选票的优势打败了民主党的候选人，温菲尔德·斯科特·汉考克将军。作为总统，加菲尔德成功地帮助国家度过了债务危机。他还任命诸位非洲裔美国人来担任行要职。
On July 2, 1881, President Garfield was on his way to Williams College, where he was due to make a speech.As he walked through a Washington railway station, he was shot twice by an assassin, Charles J. Guiteau and mortally wounded. He lay in the White House for weeks before dying from an infection and internal bleeding on September 19. He was 49. His final words were: “My work is done.”
1881年7月2日，加菲尔德总统前往了威廉斯学院，他将在那里发表演讲。当他走向华盛顿火车站时，刺客，查理斯·J·吉托向他开了两枪，加菲尔德身负重伤。他在白宫躺了数周的时间，最终于9月19日死于感染和内出血。年仅49岁。他的遗言是：“我的工作完成了”。
篇5：美国历届总统简介：第8任总统 马丁范布伦
Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States, serving one term in office. He was born on December 5, 1782 in Kinderhook, New York and died of heart failure in 1862. His father was a tavern keeper and farmer. Van Buren was the first president born as a citizen of the U.S.A., as all previous presidents were born before the American Revolution.
马丁·范布伦是美国第8任总统，任期为一届。1782年11月5日，他出生在美国纽约州的肯德胡克，并于1862年因心脏衰竭逝世。他父亲是位酒馆老板兼农民。马丁·范布伦是第一位以美国公民身份出生并当选美国总统的人。因为前7位美国总统均出生在美国独立战争之前。
Van Buren studied law and entered New York politics at the age of 17. He faithfully fulfilled his official duties for a decade and a half. His skill at gathering support for his party earned him the nickname “The Little Magician”. In 1821, he was elected to the United States Senate representing New York. President Andrew Jackson rewarded Van Buren's loyalty by appointing him Secretary of State in 1829.
17岁时，马丁·范布伦学习法律，并跨入纽约政坛。在十年零6个月的时间里，他忠实地履行了自己的公务。他善于为自己所在的党派争取支持，并因此获得“小魔术师”的绰号。18，他被推选进了纽约州参议院。1829年，安德鲁·杰克逊总统为表彰马丁·范布伦的忠诚，将他推选为美国国务卿。
Van Buren's rise to the Presidency continued in 1833 when he was appointed Andrew Jackson's Vice President. Van Buren was President Jackson's first choice to take over from him from 1837. He easily won the 1836 election. Van Buren devoted his Inaugural Address to explaining how the American experiment and its prosperity was an example to the rest of the world.
1833年，马丁·范布伦被任命为安德鲁·杰克逊的副总统，自此，他离美国总统之职也不远了。美国总统杰克逊希望，马丁·范布伦能在1837年接任美国总统之职——他是杰克逊心中的总统第一人选。1836年，马丁·范布伦在美国总统大选中轻松获胜。他的就职演说主要解释了美国是如何创建起来的，同时还声明了美国的繁荣是世界的榜样。
His Presidency was largely dominated by the recession that followed the “Panic of 1837”. Hundreds of banks and businesses failed. Thousands lost their land. It was the worst depression to hit America in its short history. Many blamed him for it and nicknamed him “Martin Van Ruin”. He was voted out of office in 1840 and was an unsuccessful candidate for President as an independent in 1848. He died in 1862.
马丁·范布伦在担任美国总统时，主要是在经济衰退中度过的，这次的经济衰退发生在“1837年恐慌”之后。当时，数以百计的银行及公司倒闭，上千人失去自己的土地——这是出现在美国短暂历史上最严重的一次经济衰退。许多人责备马丁·范布伦，并给他起绰号为“马丁·范祸根”（“Martin Van Ruin”）。1840年，马丁·范布伦在美国总统大选中竞选失败，并卸任了美国总统的职务。1848年，作为一个独立的美国总统候选人，马丁·范布伦还是遭到了落选。1862年，马丁·范布伦逝世。
篇6：美国历届总统简介：第11任总统 詹姆斯诺克斯波尔
James Knox Polk was America's eleventh President. He was born in North Carolina, in 1795. He was the eldest of ten children. His father traded in slaves and was a farmer. Studious and industrious, Polk graduated with honors in 1818 from the University of North Carolina. As a young lawyer he entered politics, served in the Tennessee legislature, and became a friend of Andrew Jackson.
詹姆斯·诺克斯·波尔克是美国第11任总统。1795年，波尔克出生在北卡罗来纳州。他是家里十个孩子的老大。他的父亲是个种植园主，曾参加过奴隶贸易。波尔克学习很勤奋用功，18，他以优异的成绩从北卡罗来纳大学毕业。后来，他又以年轻律师的身份进入美国政坛，服务于田纳西州立法机关，并与安德鲁·杰克逊结为朋友。
In the House of Representatives, Polk was a chief lieutenant of Jackson in his Bank war. He served as Speaker between 1835 and 1839, leaving to become Governor of Tennessee. Polk became the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1844 after arguing for the annexation of Texas and Oregon. He won the 1844 presidential election to become the first “dark horse” president.
波尔克曾在美国众议院担任杰克逊的首席中尉，参与抵制银行活动。1835年至1839年，他担任众议院议长。1839年任田纳西州州长。1844年，波尔克主张美国合并得克萨斯及俄勒冈，后被民主党提名为美国副总统。他在1844年美国总统大选中胜出，成为美国第一个“黑马”总统。
As President, Polk threatened war with Britain over annexing Oregon. A treaty was signed in 1846 after the British settled for land north of the 49th parallel, which today is the Canada border. Polk fought a war with Mexico between 1846 and 1848. American forces won repeated victories and gained New Mexico and California for the USA. Polk also tried to buy Cuba from Spain in 1848 but was unsuccessful.
身为美国总统的波尔克，曾就美国合并俄勒冈一事威胁英国，说要与英国开火。1846年，英国人在北纬49度以北的地方（如今这里是加拿大边境）定居，并与美国签订协议。1846年至1848年，波尔克和墨西哥开战。美国军队再次获得胜利，夺得了新墨西哥州和加利福尼亚州。1848年，波尔克还试图从西班牙手中购买古巴，但并未成功。
Polk left office due to bad health in 1849. He had promised to serve only one term. He oversaw the opening of the Smithsonian Institute and the U.S. Naval Academy, and the groundbreaking for the Washington Monument. The first U.S. postage stamps were also issued during his presidency. Historians call him America's “least known consequential president”. He died of cholera on June 15, 1849.
1849年，波尔克由于身体不适，卸任了美国总统的职务。波尔克承诺过只担任一届美国总统。他曾亲临美国史密森研究院和美国海军学院的开幕式，及华盛顿纪念碑的开工典礼。在他任职美国总统的期间，还发行了第一套美国邮票。历史学家称他为“功成身退的美国总统”。1849年6月15日，波尔克得霍乱逝世。
篇7：美国历届总统简介：第1任总统 乔治华盛顿
George Washington was the first President of the USA and is consistently voted as one its top five leaders. He was born in 1732 in Virginia. His family were well off and owned a plantation. Growing up, he learned the morals, manners, and knowledge necessary for an 18th-century Virginia gentleman. He was greatly interested in two things while he grew up: military arts and western expansion.
乔治·华盛顿是美国的第一届总统，同时也是美国的五大领袖之一。他于1732年出生在弗吉尼亚州一户拥有种植园的富裕家庭。随着年龄的增长，他学会了18世纪弗吉尼亚绅士的道德、礼貌、以及学识。在他的成长中，他对两件事特别感兴趣：军事艺术和西方殖民扩张。
In 1754, at the age of 22, he became a lieutenant colonel in the Army. He fought in the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The following year he escaped injury in battle although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him. His military experience taught him valuable lessons in leadership he would use later in his political life.
1754年，22岁的华盛顿成为了美国陆军中校。他参加了法国和印度之战的导火线。在接下来的一年里，尽管4颗子弹穿过他的上衣、2匹坐下的战马被子弹打死，而他却安然无恙。从军给了他领导方面的宝贵经验，这让他在日后的政治生涯中受益匪浅。
From 1759 to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Washington managed his lands. He married Martha Dandridge Custis and devoted himself to farming life. However, he felt exploited by British merchants and British regulations. In 1775, he took command of his ill-trained troops and embarked upon a war that was to last six grueling years. He forced the surrender of the British at Yorktown in 1781.
1759年至美国独立战争爆发期间，华盛顿经营着自己的农场。他与玛莎·丹德里奇·柯蒂斯结为了夫妇，并全身心投入到农耕生活中。然而，他体会到了英国商人及英国制度的剥削。1775年，他带领一支缺乏训练的队伍开始了长达6年的艰苦战役。1781年，他迫使英国人在约克镇投降。
Washington entered politics and became a prime mover in the steps leading to creating the Constitution in 1787. After the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected him as the USA's first President. Washington avoided further wars and promoted the importance of federal power. He died in 1799 and was hailed as “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen”.
1787年，华盛顿进入政坛，并成为创建美国宪法的主要发起人。新宪法获批后，总统选举团推选华盛顿为美国的第一任总统。此后，华盛顿在避免战争的同时，加强联邦政府的权力。17，华盛顿逝世。他被誉为“战争中的第一人、和平第一人、国人心中的第一人。”
篇8：美国历届总统简介：第16任总统 亚伯拉罕?林肯
Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a one-room log cabin in Kentucky. Growing up in the countryside, he made extraordinary efforts to educate himself while working on a farm and in a store. He said,“somehow I could read and write”. He was a captain in the U.S. Army and then spent eight years as a lawyer. His partner said Lincoln’s “ambition was a little engine that knew no rest.“
182月12日，亚伯拉罕·林肯出生在肯塔基州的一间小木屋中。生在乡下，林肯曾经以务农为生，也在储藏室工作过，与此同时，他发愤图强努力奋进。他说：“我将通过某种方式来读书、写字”。林肯曾担任美军上尉，并作了八年的律师。他的搭档说林肯的志向就像一台小型引擎一样，永不停歇。
Lincoln was a one-term member of the House of Representatives, but failed to get a seat in the U.S. Senate. He campaigned for years against slavery, calling it a “monstrous injustice”. In his speeches, he continually reminded people that “the authors of the Declaration of Independence…’did consider all men were created equal’”. He was elected as the United States’ 16th President in November 1860.
他还曾经担任过一届众议院议员，但是没有能够获得参议院的席位。有几年，林肯一直在声讨奴隶制度，他把这叫做“极端不公”。在他的多次演讲中，他不断提醒人民“独立宣言的作者”“人人生而平等”。1860年11月，他成为了美国第16任总统。
Lincoln warned the South in his Inaugural Address: ”You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it.“ Despite this, the American Civil War started on April 12, 1861. Lincoln sent 75,000 troops to the South to “preserve the Union”. At Gettysburg in 1863, he said the War had created a new birth of freedom in the nation.
在就职演说中，他警告南方军：“上帝没有让你们来毁灭国家，我有义务来保护她，不让她受到伤害”。虽让这样，但美国内战还是在1861年4月12日爆发。林肯派七万五千名士兵开往南方“保卫祖国”。1863年在葛底斯堡，他说这场战争让自由在这个国家里重生。
Lincoln was re-elected for a second term in 1864 after building the Republican Party into a strong national organization. He had already issued the Emancipation Proclamation that ended slavery. He promised to rebuild post-War America but was assassinated in April 1865. Lincoln’s death marked the first assassination of a U.S. president. He is continually considered to be one of the three greatest ever Presidents.
1864年，林肯再一次当选为美国总统，在这之前，他建立了共和党。并颁布了结束奴隶制的解放奴隶宣言。虽然他承诺重建战后的美国，但是他却在1865年4月遭到枪杀。林肯是第一位遭到枪杀的美国总统。他也被人们认为是美国最伟大的三位总统之一。
篇9：美国历届总统简介：第10任总统 约翰泰勒
John Tyler was the tenth President of the United States, serving between 1841 and 1845. He was dubbed ”His Accidency“ by his opponents because he was the first Vice-President to be elevated to the office of President by the death of his predecessor. Tyler was born in Virginia in 1790 on his father's plantation. He studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of 19, against bar regulations.
约翰·泰勒是美国第10任总统，任期自1841年至1845年。他是美国历史上第一位因在任总统逝世而以副总统继任总统的人，因此他被反对派戏称为“继任总统”。1790年，泰勒出生在弗吉尼亚他父亲的种植园里。他学过法律，并在19岁时被法院破格录用。
Tyler started his political career at an early age. At the age of 21, he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, where he served five successive one-year terms. He then went on to sit in the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1821. Tyler voted against most nationalist legislation. As a Senator he reluctantly supported Jackson for President as a choice between several evils.
泰勒很早便开始从政。21岁时，他入选弗吉尼亚议会，该职务任期为一年，他连任了五届。18至18，泰勒服务于美国众议院。他曾投票反对种族主义立法。身为参议员，他不愿支持杰克逊担任美国总统之职，他认为这是不利的选择。
The Whigs nominated Tyler for Vice President in 1840, hoping for support from southern states. Suddenly, incumbent President Harrison was dead after just 30 days in office and Tyler was in the White House. He insisted upon assuming the full powers of a duly elected President and even delivered an Inaugural Address. He was to have a troubled time as president.
1840年，辉格党希望赢得南部各州的支持，将泰勒提名为美国副总统。意外的是，在任美国总统哈里森在就职仅30天后便逝世了，于是泰勒入驻了美国白宫。泰勒坚持要取得美国正式总统的所有权利，甚至还进行了总统就职演说。但他的总统当得并不是一帆风顺。
Tyler's cabinet resigned over his economic policy. They expelled him from his own party and sent him hundreds of letters threatening to assassinate him. The House of Representatives initiated the first impeachment proceedings against a president in U.S. history. It failed. He did succeed in keeping his promise to annex the Republic of Texas, which became the 28th state in 1845. Tyler died in 1862, aged 71.
因不满泰勒的经济政策，泰勒任命的内阁进行了集体辞职。他们将泰勒开除党外，并写了上百封信威胁要暗杀他。美国众议院还发起了美国有史以来的第一次总统弹劾活动。但这次弹劾活动以失败告终。泰勒成功地遵守了自己的诺言，使得德克萨斯共和国加入美国——1845年，德克萨斯成了美国第28个州。1862年，泰勒逝世，享年71岁。
篇10：美国历届总统简介：第17任总统 安德鲁?约翰逊
Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States. He came to power following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1808 and grew up in poverty. He was apprenticed to a tailor as a boy, but ran away and opened a tailor shop in Tennessee. At the age of 18 he married Eliza McCardle, who taught him how to improve his reading and writing skills.
安德鲁·约翰逊是美国第17任总统。亚伯拉罕·林肯刺杀之后，约翰逊成为了总统。1808年，约翰逊出生于北卡罗来纳州的罗利，他的家境贫寒。孩童时期，他成为了一名学习裁缝的学徒，但是他离开了这里，在田纳西州开了自己的裁缝铺。18岁时与伊莱扎·麦卡德尔结婚，她教他提高自己的阅读和写作水平。
Johnson participated in debates in Tennessee and organized a workers’ party. He was elected mayor in 1833 and sat in the Tennessee House of Representatives two years later. He served five terms before becoming Governor of Tennessee in 1853. Johnson then served in the United States Senate between 1857 and 1862. His political rise was almost complete when he became Vice President in 1865.
约翰逊参加了在田纳西州的辩论会，并组织了工人党。1883年，他选举成为市长，并在两年之后代表田纳西州成为了众议议员。1853年，他成为了田纳西州州长，在这之前，他担任了五任众议议员。18570-1862年，约翰逊成为了国家参议员。1865年他成为了美国副总统，那时他的政治道路几乎已经完成。
With the Assassination of Lincoln in April 1865, the Presidency fell upon Johnson. As President, he proceeded to reconstruct the former southern Confederate States. By the time Congress met in December 1865, mostsouthern states were reconstructed and slavery was being abolished. However, ”black codes" to control the freed men were beginning to appear, which caused divisions in his party.
1865年4月，林肯遭到射杀，约翰逊随即成为了美国总统。作为总统，他重建了南部的联邦各州。1865年，国会再次集结，当时大部分的南方各州都得到了重建，并废除了奴隶制。但是，“黑人法典”又开始限制人身的自由，这引发了党内的分歧。
In March 1867, laws were passed placing restrictions upon the President. When Johnson allegedly violated one of these, the House tried to impeach him. He was tried by the Senate in the spring of 1868 and acquitted by one vote. Johnson purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867. He left office in 1869. In 1875, Tennessee returned Johnson to the Senate and he died months later, aged 66.
1867年3月，通过了总统任职期宪法案。如果约翰逊违反了法律中的一条，国会有权将他弹劾。1868年春参议院将他逮捕，但是他以一票的优势被判无罪。1867年，约翰逊从俄罗斯帝国手中购买下了阿拉斯加。1869年，卸任。1875年，田纳西州让约翰逊返回了参议院，数月后与世长辞，享年66岁。
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