考研综合演练与答案详解4
“落劫”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇考研综合演练与答案详解4，下面就是小编给大家带来的考研综合演练与答案详解4，希望能帮助到大家!
篇1：考研综合演练与答案详解4
考研综合演练与答案详解（4）
Passage 4
When your secretary invited me to come here, she told me that your Society is concerned with the employment of women and she suggested that I might tell you something about my own professional experiences.
1) __________________________________________________. For the road was cut many years ago ――by Fanny Burney, by Aphra Behn, by Harriet Martineau, by Jane Austen, by George Eliot―― many famous women, and many more unknown and forgotten, have been before me, making the path smooth, and regulating my steps.
2) __________________________________________________. The family peace was not broken by the scratching of a pen. No demand was made upon the family purse. For ten and sixpence one can buy paper enough to write all the plays of Shakespeare―― if one has a mind that way. Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by a writer. The cheapness of writing paper is, of course, the reason why women have succeeded as writers before they have succeeded in the other professions.
But to tell you my story ―― it is a simple one. You have only got to figure to yourselves a girl in a bedroom with a pen in her hand. Then it occurred to her to do what is simple and cheap enough after all―― to slip a few of those pages into an envelope, and drop the envelope into the red box at the corner. And my effort was rewarded on the first day of the following month by a letter from an editor containing a cheque for one pound ten shillings and sixpence. 3) __________________________________________________.
What could be easier than to write articles and to buy Persian cats with the profits? But wait a moment. Articles have to be about something. Mine, I seem to remember, was about a novel by a famous man. And while I was writing this review, I discovered that if I were going to review books I should need to do battle with a certain phantom. And the phantom was a woman, and when I came to know her better I called her after the heroine of a famous poem, The Angel in the house.4) __________________________________________________.
5) __________________________________________________. She was intensely sympathetic. She was immensely charming. She sacrificed herself daily. And when I came to write I encountered her with the very first words. The shadow of her wings fell on my page; I heard the rustling of her skirts in the room….
[A] But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman, how little I know of the struggles and difficulties of such lives, I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes and stockings, or butcher’s bills, I went out and bought a cat―― a beautiful cat, a Persian cat, which very soon involved me in bitter disputes with my neighbours.
[B] It is true I am a woman; it is true I am employed; but what professional experiences have I had? It is difficult to say. My profession is literature; and in that profession there are fewer experiences for women than in any other, with the exception of the stage―― fewer, I mean, that are peculiar to women.
[C] It was she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writhing reviews. It was she who bothered me and wasted my time and so tormented me that at last I killed her.
[D] Thus, when I came to write, there were very few material obstacles in my way. Writing was a reputable and harmless occupation.
[E] But to continue my professional experiences. I made one pound ten and six by my first review; and I bought a Persian cat with the proceeds. Then I grew ambitious.
[F] You who come of a younger and happier generation may not have heard of her―― you may not know what I mean by the Angel in the House. I will describe her as shortly as I can.
[G] That indeed is one of the reasons why I have come here ――out of respect for you, who are in process of showing us by your experiments what a woman is, who are in process of providing us, by your failures and successes, with that extremely important piece of information.
【文章大意及结构分析】
本文讲述了作者如何在写作中与旧意识进行斗争的经验。妇女从事写作的经验很少。有些优秀的女作家已经把道路开辟出来；开始写作时没有障碍，写作是件既便宜，又可名利双收的事情。但所写文章要有内容，我写的是书评。我一开始评论一本书，就要与一个幻影进行搏斗，这个幻影是妇女，我称之为“房间里的天使”（代表旧时代的女性形象）。这位天使是家庭的楷模，善良无私，富于同情心；每当我开始评论一本书的时候，她就出现在我的笔和纸之间，对我悄悄地说：这是一本著名男人写的书，温柔些，不要尖锐，多赞美，少批评；她在指导着我的笔。她每每这样打搅我，烦恼我，折磨我，我忍无可忍，最后把她杀了。年轻幸福的一代不会再遇到这样的事了。
本文共分6段，作者文章主要采用“提出问题――分析原因――解决问题”的.行文格式。在文章第一段提出问题，妇女从事写作的经验很少。第二到第四段分析原因：道路已经由其他的著名作家开辟出来；开始写作时没有障碍，写作是件即便宜，又可名利双收的事情。在第五段和第六段，作者讲如何在写作中与旧意识进行搏斗，因为这些旧意识干扰写作，最后彻底摒弃了它们。
【解题思路与答案详解】
1) 【答案】[B]。本题在文章第二段的开始部分。它前一段讲的是：在秘书邀请我来此时，告诉我你们协会关心妇女的就业问题，并建议我讲一讲我个人的从业经验。因此可以判断，紧接着下面的文字，应该是关于作者个人从业经验方面的内容。在选项中只有选项[B]是这一内容，它承接了上一段的内容，与前面内容有顺承关系，衔接得非常自然。所以，选项[B]是正确答案。其意为：不错，我是妇女；不错，我有工作。但我有什么从业经验呢？我从事文学工作，这一职业比任何职业的经验都少。
2) 【答案】[D]。本题在文章的第三段的开始，第二段讲的是，写作事业的道路已经被我以前的著名或无名的作家铺平，我的步履也由他们调节好了(…many famous women, and many more unknown and forgotten, have been before me, making the path smooth, and regulating my steps.)。下文应该按照这一思路，讲我的写作没有什么困难之类的内容，选项[D]正是这一内容。而它后面的内容是：The family peace was not broken by the scratching of a pen. No demand was made upon the family purse…(家庭的和睦没有被沙沙的笔声而打破，它也不要求家庭提供金钱…) 这是对上面harmless的解释。本段落与上一个段落形成了顺承关系，衔接得非常自然。从上下文判断，这一选择是正确的。所以选项[D]是正确答案。其意为：因此，当我开始写作时，几乎没有什么障碍。写作是一项有名声而无害的职业。
3) 【答案】[A]。本题在段落的结尾。这道题可以直接从文字的线索确定正确的选项。它后一段落的第一句是：What could be easier than to write articles and to buy Persian cats with the profits?（还有什么比写文章，用稿酬买波斯猫更容易的呢？）而它前面的一句是：...by a letter from an editor containing a cheque for one pound ten shillings and sixpence.(来自编辑的一封信，里面装着一张1英镑10先令6便士的支票)，根据上下文判断，选项应涉及买猫，也应有cat这个词，在选项中搜索，会很容易的发现选项[A]中几次出现cat一词，内容也吻合。所以选项[A]是正确答案。其意为：为了说明我多么不配称为一个职业妇女，我对社会的困难多么无知，我不得不承认，我没有用这笔钱买食物，付房租，买鞋子…而是出去买了一只猫，一只漂亮的猫，一只波斯猫…。
4) 【答案】[C]。本题在段落的结尾处，又因为下一段落的开始也是一道题目，所以只能根据它的上文来推测其内容。上文讲，文章要有内容，我的文章是关于一位著名作家的小说。每当我评论书籍时，就感觉我要与某个幻影交战。这个幻影是一妇女，当我逐步对她了解多了，我根据一首著名的诗，称之为“房间里的天使”。下面的内容应该是关于这个幻影或“天使”的。在剩余4个选项中，只有选项[C]符合这一内容，它与上文非常吻合，是前面句组内容的进一步扩展，与之有顺承关系。所以选项[C]是正确答案。其意为：在我写评论时，是她总是出现在我与我的稿纸中间。是她每每这样打搅我，烦恼我，浪费我的时间，折磨我，我忍无可忍，最后把她杀了。
5) 【答案】[F]。本题应与上一题结合起来解答。根据本题后面的内容：她极富同情心。她异常的娇媚。她每天都在牺牲自己。…（She was intensely sympathetic. She was immensely charming. She sacrificed herself daily….）其中的代词She都指代上文中的the Angel in the House，所以应以此为线索，在剩余3个选项中选择，选项[F]是正确答案。其意为：你们年轻幸福的一代可能没有听说过她―
篇2：考研综合演练与答案详解3
考研综合演练与答案详解（3）
Passage 3
What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. 1) __________________________________________________. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space ―― or so we think. How can this happen?
2) __________________________________________________. From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky that shines even in the daytime. Supernova was reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf of a neutron star ―― a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun), this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. 3) __________________________________________________. Amy matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the “event horizon”. We know nothing about events that happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole.
4) __________________________________________________. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no “absolute” time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. They are relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 5 ) __________________________________________________.
The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a “partner” to the one that we can see in the sky. Matter from the one that we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Should this invisible star, which exerts such a great force be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.
The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless.
[A] For example, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However, an observer at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the center at all.
[B] There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.
[C] The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs.
[D] In August 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes that are thought to be in the Milky Way. And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes.
[E] Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a strong gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.
[F] The theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious. Scientists and astronomers. They show us a world that operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
[G] Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space ( not a thing) into which matters have fallen and from which nothing can escape - not even light. So we can't see a black hole.
【文章大意及结构分析】
本文是一篇关于“黑洞”的科普性文章。文章开头先给黑洞下了定义，即“黑洞是一个任何物体，包括光线一旦掉入就无法逃脱的地区”。第二段开始讲黑洞的形成，首先从理论上进行阐述，并以地球为例来帮助读者进行理解，即黑洞是星体达到一定密度后本身会在自己的引力作用下不断缩小，此过程会强烈到产生黑洞。然后介绍有关黑洞周围的“视界”和爱因斯坦的相对论对黑洞研究的帮助。文中指出科学家在对黑洞的研究方面已经取得了成就。最后讲人们对黑洞的研究永无止境。
从体裁上，本篇属于“观点论证型”说明性论述文，文章主要采用“提出理论―做出定义―举例说明”的行文格式，讲述了天文学上的黑洞理论。文章的第一段提出黑洞这一理论并给出其定义。第二段到第四段是以超新星和双星系统为例证，从两个方面对黑洞的形成进行了理论上的论述。最后一段讲黑洞的故事才刚刚开始。关于它们的设想是永无止境的。
【解题思路与答案详解】
1) 【答案】[G]。本题在文章第一自然段的中间。我们要根据它的前后文义来做出选择。文章开始提出问题：什么是黑洞?接着说这个问题难以回答，因为我们通常所拥有的词汇不足以描绘这一科学现象。接着就是空白，空白后面又说，黑洞会产生强大的引力，但它却没有物质，只有空间。这是对黑洞的进一步解释。显而易见，空白处应该是对“什么是黑洞?”这一问题的回答。这类科普文章常常是先提出问题，然后给出定义或答案，再做进一步阐述。选项[G]符合这种顺承关系，它是从科学家和天文学家的`角度给出看法，正与此相符合，所以选项[G]是正确答案。
2) 【答案】[C]。本题在文章第二自然段的开始。在上一段提出了黑洞是如何产生的问题。本段是上一段的延续和扩展，要在理论上对黑洞进行解释。再看问题后面的内容，讲到超新星：From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky that shines even in the daytime.（从地球上看，一个超新星就像天空中一束明亮的光，有时甚至在白天也很耀眼）。这正是选项[C]内容的延续和扩展，两者正好形成顺承关系。所以，选项[C]是正确答案。
3) 【答案】[E]。本题在第二自然段的中间。要根据上下文来判断其内容，而后进行选择。上文提到了黑洞的产生，下文提到了靠近黑洞的任何物质都被吸进去，可以推断空白处还应该是与黑洞的吸力有关的内容。这样，行文才连贯，结构才严谨，意义才流畅。选项[E]讲：设想一下地球缩小到弹子球的大小，但仍然有同样的质量和引力，你就能对黑洞的力量有所了解了（Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble，but still having the same mass and a strong gravitational pull，and you will have some idea of the force of a black hole．）。正符合这些要求，所以选项[E]是正确答案。
4) 【答案】[A]。本题在一个段落的开始。上一段最后讲到：物体一旦跨过边缘之后，我们就不知道发生了什么。但从理论上讲，物质在黑洞内的表现会明显不同（We know nothing about events that happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole.）。空白后面的内容是：我们的“时间和空间法则”并不适合于黑洞内的物质。并进一步用Einstein的相对论来证明这一点。由此推断，空白处应该用一个通俗易懂的例子来进一步解释这些理论。选项[A]就是以一个进入黑洞的人和一个观察者的不同感觉来说明这一点。选项[A]与前面的内容形成例证关系。前面提出观点，接着给出论证。所以，[A]是正确答案。
5) 【答案】[D]。本题要与上一题结合起来解答，因为本题在上题所在段落的结尾处。该段以论证说明我们的时空法则不适合于黑洞里的物质，接着又讲到：爱因斯坦的理论在天文学家拿出证据证明黑洞的存在之前就提供了理论基础。只是最近天文学家才开始对黑洞进行具体研究（but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.）。根据上文的内容，我们可以推断，下面应该以具体的事实或例证来说明最近天文学家对活动做了哪些具体的研究。选项[D]正是这样的内容：“1977年发射的一颗人造卫星收集到了关于银河系一千万个黑洞的数据。天文学家正在计划建造一个新的天文站来观测被认为是黑洞的单个爆炸星体。”选项[D]与前文有着论证关系，衔接得非常自然。所以，选项[D]是正确答案。
篇3：考研综合演练与答案详解5
考研综合演练与答案详解（5）
Passage 5
1) __________________________________________________. It is employed for the purpose of attack (aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring ) as well as of defense (protective resemblance or procryptic coloring ). The fact that the same method concealment, may be used both for attack and defense has been well explained by T. Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.
2) __________________________________________________. On the other hand, small animals which have no means of active defense, such as large, numbers of insects, frequently depend upon concealment alone. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey. In the case of insectivorous Vertebrata and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form.
3) __________________________________________________. In general resemblance the animal, in consequence of its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline. General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earth' s surface, such as an ocean or a desert. In the former, animals of all shapes are frequently protected by their transparent blue color, on the latter, equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance. The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast. Thus the black and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little distance, and “their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.”
4) __________________________________________________.
Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land.
5) __________________________________________________. In special resemblance the combination of coloring, shape, and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patch of lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively. The animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well - know object.
[A] Special resemblance is far commoner than general and is the form which is usually met with on the diversified surface of the earth, on the shores, and in shallow water, as well as on the floating masses of algae on the surface of the ocean, such as the Sargasso Sea. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes.
[B] Cryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence.
[C] Cryptic coloring, whether used for defense of attack, may be either general or special.
[D] Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system.
[E] The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the pre- sent state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural se- lection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival.
[F] Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life. Thus wellconcealed mammals and birds, when discovered, will generally endeavor to escape by speed and will often attempt to defend themselves actively.
[G] However, in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected.
【文章大意及结构分析】
这是一篇介绍动物生存过程中运用“保护色”的文章。动物保护色的作用有两点：攻击和防卫。文章大部分篇幅都在讲述动物是如何在各种环境中利用保护色来生存的。首先保护色与寻求其他的帮助密切相关，以哺乳动物、鸟和无法积极防卫的小动物来举例说明；然后向读者介绍在不同的环境中用于防卫或进攻的隐蔽色可能具有普遍性或特殊性，尤以海洋和沙漠中的动物表现最为明显，但特殊类同色远比普通类同色常见；最后说动物为了保护自己不仅借助保护色，有的还借助于形状方面的特殊改变，假装出某种姿势的本能来完成的，因为与某种东西类同能使敌人或猎物各自失去对对方的兴趣。
文章结构清晰，第一段总述保护色在动物生存过程中的两个作用；第二段到第四段从不同方面介绍保护色的特点及动物是如何利用保护色来保护自己的；最后一段介绍了另一种动物生存的本能，即借助与形状方面的特殊改变，假装出某种姿势。
【解题思路与答案详解】
1) 【答案】[B]。本题在第一段的段首。根据英语文章的特点，主旨句一般应该出现在第一段中，而纵观全段却没有具有总括全文的句子，那么我们可以初步判断1) 题应该是一个主旨句，而选项中只有[B]最符合要求。
2） 【答案】[F]。本题位于第二段的段首。做本题的关键在于根据空白后文字中出现的转折关系，“另一方面，无法积极防卫的小动物，比如成群的昆虫时常依赖独自隐蔽。”由此可见，前文内容应该涉及到“积极防卫”，只有答案[F]符合要求，在生活斗争中，保护色普遍与寻求其他的帮助密切相关。因此一旦被发现，隐藏完好的.哺乳动物和鸟一般会快速逃脱并积极主动地保护自己。
3) 【答案】[C]。本题在第三段的段首，该句应该是本段的主题句。根据本段的主要内容防卫的“普遍性”可得出正确答案是[C]，用于防卫或进攻的隐蔽色可能具有普遍性或特殊性。
4) 【答案】[A]。本题在第四段，该段实际上是第三段内容的延续，第三段只讲到了“普遍性”，而第四段则正好从防卫的“特殊性”方面将其内容补充完整了。
5) 【答案】[C]。本题位于最后一段的中部。做本题的关键在于体会其前后文字的逻辑关系。前文还在讲“完全静止和假装某种姿势在普遍性类同方面作用重大”，后文却谈到了“在特殊性类同方面，颜色、形状和姿势的结合可产生与环境中某种物体近乎相同效果，”由此可见只有答案[C]以转折关系成功地连接了上下文，在特殊性类同方面，颜色、形状和姿势的结合可产生与环境中某种物体近乎相同效果。
篇4：考研综合演练与答案详解2
考研综合演练与答案详解（2）
Passage 2
The first time I saw Karl Marx was in February 1865. I was twenty-four years old. Never in my life shall I forget the impression made on me by my first visit. Marx was in poor health then, but was hard at work on the first volume of Capital. 1) __________________________________________________.
Karl Marx was one of those rare men who are fitted for the front rank both in science and in public life. He held that a man of learning, if he does not wish to degrade himself, must never cease to participate in public affairs ――he must not shut himself up in his study or laboratory and shun the social and political struggles of the day. One of his favorite saying was, “Work for the world.”
2) __________________________________________________. This room has become historical. It was situated on the first floor, well lighted by a broad window overlooking the park. On both sides of the fireplace and opposite the window were crowded bookshelves, on the top of which packets of newspapers and manus were piled up to the ceiling. On one side of the window stood two tables, likewise loaded with miscellaneous papers, newspapers and books… Books were to him tools for his mind, not luxuries. “They are my slaves,” he would say, “and must serve my will.”
3) __________________________________________________. He knew Heine and Goethe by heart, and often quoted them in conversation. He read the poets constantly. Year after year he read Aeschylus in Greek. For Shakespeare his admiration was unbounded: he had made such an exhaustive study of the poet’s works that even the least important of his characters were familiar to him.
4) __________________________________________________. At fifty he took up the study of Russian. Although the language had no close relation to any of the modern or ancient languages he knew, he made such progress in six months as to be able to enjoy reading Russian poetry and prose works.
Even his opponents were compelled to admit that he was a man of profound learning: and this not merely in his special field of economics, but also in history, philosophy, and the literature of all countries. You could question him at any time on any subject and get the most adequate answer you could wish for…
5) __________________________________________________. In the course of the day he slept for an hour or two on the sofa. For Marx, work had become a passion, and he was so absorbed in it that he often forgot his meals. Not in frequently he had to be called again and again before he came down to the dining room. But hardly and he eaten the last mouthful when he was back in his study again.
[A] He had to be of very strong constitution, to put up with such exhausting mental labour. He was, in fact, powerfully built. A man above average height, he had broad shoulders and a deep chest.
[B] He was afraid he might not be able to finish it, and he gladly received young people, “for,” he used to say, “I must train up men who will continue the Communist propaganda after I am gone.”
[C] Marx was a loving, gentle and considerate father. He used to spend hours playing with his children. They remember to this day the sea-fights in a large basin of water with fleets of paper boats, which he made for them and which he would then set on fire to their great joy.
[D] Although he went to bed very late, he was always up between eight and nine in the morning. Having drunk a cup of black coffee and read through his newspapers, he would go to his study and work there till two or three next morning―― breaking off only for meals, and when the weather allowed, for a walk on Hampstead Heath.
[E] But at my first visit, when I saw him in his study in Maitland Park Road, he appeared before me, not as the untiring and incomparable socialist agitator, but as a man of learning. From all parts of the civilized world Party comrades came to his study to consult the master of socialist thought.
[F] Marx could read all the leading European languages and write in three: German, French and English. He was fond of saying, “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”
[G] His memory was most vigorous and accurate. From early youth he had cultivated it by memorizing verses in an unfamiliar tongue.
【文章大意及结构分析】
本文是马克思战友对马克思的回忆文章。作者第一次见到卡尔・马克思时24岁。但那时马克思并不是以一位不屈不挠和无与伦比的社会主义鼓动家出现在作者目前，而是一位学者。他那间具有历史意义的房间在二楼上，它有一扇宽大的窗户，俯瞰公园，光线充足。靠墙放着装满书籍的书架。书架顶上一堆堆的报纸、手稿一直堆到天花板。窗户的一边有两张桌子，也放满了各种各样的文件、报纸和书籍…。接着，作者讲述了马克思在语言方面的天才：他能够阅读所有主要的欧洲语言，还能用德、法、英三种语言写作。他50岁开始学习俄语，半年后就能够阅读俄国诗人和散文家的著作了。在文章的最后，作者讲述了马克思繁忙的工作习惯。
全文共分七个自然段。作者基本是采用“提出观点――举例论证”这样的行文格式。第一段到第三段交代作者第一次见到马克思的时间、情景以及马克思在作者心目中的美好形象；第四和第五段，作者以生动事例描述了马克思准确的记忆力和语言方面的天赋；第六段讲马克思的博学；第七段描写了马克思繁忙而紧张的工作习惯。
【解题思路与答案详解】
1) 【答案】[B]。本题在文章第一段的结尾。它前面讲，作者24岁时第一次见到马克思。那时，马克思的健康情况不佳，但他仍然下苦功夫写《资本论》第一卷。根据行文的逻辑，下面的内容应该与这部伟大的'著作有关，选项[B]就是这样的内容，是前面句子的扩展，与前面的内容有顺承关系。特别是其中的it就是指代前面的Capital。所以，选项[B]是正确答案。其意为：他唯恐不能完成这部著作。他常说，“我应该训练好在我死后继续共产主义宣传的人”，所以他很喜欢接见年轻人。
2) 【答案】[E]。本题在一个段落的开始。可以根据其后的内容来选择答案。它后面是对马克思书房的描写：This room has become historical. It was situated on the first floor, well lighted by a broad window overlooking the park. …（这间书房已成为一个具有历史意义的房间。它在二层楼上，有一扇宽大的窗户，可以俯瞰公园，光线充足。…）。据此推断，前面的内容一定涉及到“书房”，选项[E]是正确答案，其中his study即是后文的This room。其意为：可是，我第一次在他位于梅特兰公园路的书房见到他的时候，在我面前出现的并不是一位不屈不挠和无与伦比的社会主义鼓动家，而是一位学者。党的同志们为了求教于这位社会主义思想大师，从文明世界的各个角落来到他的书房。
3) 【答案】[G]。本题在一个段落的开始。它后面的内容是讲马克思能背诵海涅和歌德的许多诗歌，经常在讲话中援引他们的句子。…他特别赞赏莎士比亚：连这位诗人剧作中最不惹人注意的人物他都很熟悉（He knew Heine and Goethe by heart, …and often quoted them in conversation. For Shakespeare his admiration was unbounded: …works that even the least important of his characters were familiar to him.）。据此判断，前面应该讲马克思的记忆力惊人，选项[G]正是这样的内容，后面部分与之构成例证关系。所以，选项[G]是正确答案。其意为：马克思的记忆力极强而且准确。从少年时代起他就用一种不熟悉的外国语背诵诗歌，来锻炼记忆力。
4) 【答案】[F]。本题在一个段落的开始。它后面部分讲马克思学习俄语的情况。他开始学习俄语的时候已经五十岁了。…他已经能够津津有味地阅读俄国诗人和散文家的著作了（At fifty he took up the study of Russian. … as to be able to enjoy reading Russian poetry and prose works.）。据此判断，本题是关于马克思掌握外国语的情况，选项[F]是正确答案，后面部分与本题的内容形成例证关系。其意为：马克思能够阅读所有主要的欧洲语言，还能用德、法、英三种语言写作。他喜欢说，“外国语是人生斗争的一种武器。”
5) 【答案】[D]。本题在文章最后一个段落的开始。后面部分讲的是，中午，他在沙发上睡一两个钟头。…他是如此地专心工作，以致经常忘记吃饭。…几乎不等咽下最后一口就又回到他的书房去了（In the course of the day he slept for an hour or two on the sofa. …, and he was so absorbed in it that he often forgot his meals. …But hardly and he eaten the last mouthful when he was back in his study again.）
篇5：考研综合演练与答案详解1
考研综合演练与答案详解（1）
Passage 1
Environment pollution is a worldwide concern. Some scientists believe that there are four major pollutions surrounding us――water pollution, atmosphere pollution, noise pollution and electromagnetic pollution. And some even think electricity can cause cancer. Can electricity really cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. 1) __________________________________________________. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro -wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate, or the worst kind of paranoia.
2) __________________________________________________. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF) ――those having very long wave lengths――and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60 hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”
3)____________________________________________________.
At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: when an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects. 4) __________________________________________________. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth's own magnetic field. The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter, this is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.
How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X- rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.
5) __________________________________________________. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF field can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.
[A] Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ).
[B] But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies.
[C] However, there are still some people insist that even low-frequency electromagnetic fields is extremely harmful to human's health.
[D] But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect.
[E] The report is no reason to panic - or even to lest sleep, ff there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.
[F] Consequently, the epidemiological studies, taken as a whole, consist of a few early low-quality studies, some of which yielded positive effects, and later, higher-quality studies, which yielded negative studies. If power lines really caused cancer, it is natural to expect the later studies to confirm the earlier studies. Instead, this has all the earmarks of a nonexistent effect.
[G] For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak.
【文章大意及结构分析】
这是一篇关于电磁波是否致癌的科普文章。电能导致癌症吗?在一个依靠电力运行的社会里，这个观点似乎荒唐。可是越来越多的科学家和新闻工作者指出，接触电磁场有增加白血病和其他恶性疾病危险的可能性。但这种可能性还没有定论。美国环境保护署发布报告指出，甚低频的电磁场和白血病，淋巴瘤和脑癌之间有“―种偶然的联系”。我们没有理由为此恐慌，即使有患癌症的危险，这种风险也是很小的。尚且对它的证据还有很大的争议。争议的焦点是一个简单的物理现象：当电流通过电线时，会产生一个对周围物体施加压力的电磁场。这个压力极其微弱。比细胞自身产生的电场压力还低得多。如此小的力量不会对健康构成威胁。最近，科学家研究强大辐射离子。离子化的辐射毫无疑问会增加患癌症的风险。可是，通过流行病学研究，也不能证明它们之间的因果关系。
本文共分6个自然段。作者采用“提出问题――分析原因――解决问题”这一行文格式。第一段作者提出问题：电流能导致癌症吗? 第二段到第五段中对这一问题进行分析。第二段说环境保护机构报告：电磁场和某些癌症之间有“偶然的联系”；第三段讲，对这一结论的证据争论很大。第四段讲，电磁场的压力很小，对人体无害；第五段又提出，离子化辐射增加患癌症的风险。第六段是结论，根据所做的流行病学研究，没有发现它们之间的因果关系，而且试验室对动物的实验，也没有发现电流致癌的生理机制。
【解题思路与答案详解】
1) 【答案】[B]。本题在第一段的中间。根据它的上下文来推断它的内容。它前面讲，电流能导致癌症吗?在一个基本上依靠电力来运行的社会里，这个观点似乎有点荒唐（Can electricity really cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous.）。它后面讲，这种可能性还没有定论（The implications are unsettling）。其中The implications就是解题的线索，本题的内容应该讲“这种可能性”。据此，我们可以确定选项[B]是正确答案。其意为：十几年来，越来越多的科学家和新闻工作者指出，接触电磁场有增加患白血病和其他恶性疾病风险的可能性。
2) 【答案】[A]。本题在第二段的开始。前一段讲到，越来越多的科学家和新闻工作者认为接触电磁场有增加患白血病和其他恶性疾病的风险，但没有得到证实。本段其余部分主要讲，美国环境保护署发出了最为严肃的政府警告。甚低频的电磁场和白血病，淋巴瘤和脑癌之间有“―种偶然的联系” （the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning, …“suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF)…and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer）。据此推断，本题应该是一个过渡句或过渡句组，起承上启下的作用，连接这两个段落。另外其中the EPA也是一个解题的`线索。所以选项[A]是正确答案。句意为：现在，“杞人忧天者”已经获得了来自美国环境保护署的正式的支持。
3) 【答案】[E]。 本题是一个独立的自然段，即文章的第三段。独立的段落有两种可能，一是过渡段，一是扩展段；这要根据它的前后段落的内容来判断。它前一段主要讲，EPA报告电流有某种致癌的危险；它后一段讲，争议的焦点是一个简单的，很好理解的物理现象（At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon）等。据此可以推断，本段讲到关于这一问题的争论。所以，选项[E]是正确答案。这是一个典型的过渡段落。其意为：报告说没有理由恐慌――甚至失眠。即使有患癌症的危险，这种风险也是很小的。证据的争议性仍然很大，草案激起了布什政府内部很多争论。环境保护署是克服了五角大楼和白宫的强烈反对而发布此报告的。不过现在没有人否认有必要进行更多的研究并认真对待这个问题。
4) 【答案】[G] 。本题在第四段的中间。可以根据它的上下文来选择答案。它前面讲的是，争论的焦点是个简单的物理现象――当电流通过电线时，会产生一个对周围物体施加压力的电磁场（…when an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surr
篇6：英语六级预测试卷答案与详解4
最新英语六级预测试卷答案与详解（4）
Part Ⅰ
Section A?
1．答案D。?
【试题分析】本题考查对关键词语的理解能力。?
【关键词语】weather, pleasant, rainy?
【详细解答】如果听懂了男方谈话的主要内容，并抓住了关键词rainy，答案就不难找到。女士问男士关于他那里的天气情况怎样。男士回答时的关键句子是：Generally，there are more rainy days in September than in any other month，but it isn’t very cold there then．由此可以很容易地根据关键词rainy推断出D为正确答案。?
2．答案B。?
【试题分析】本题考查对关键词语的理解能力。?
【关键词语】suppose, as a matter of fact, intermission?
【详细解答】题目问的是男士和他的妻子对那场戏的看法如何，男士回答女士的问话时是否定的。虽然没有直接回答说他们不喜欢那场戏，但从男士的谈话中，间接地知道了他们的.态度：left at the intermission（幕间休息时离开了）。故B（他们俩个都不喜欢这出戏。）为正确答案。?
3．答案B。?
【试题分析】本题考查对听数字的反映能力如何，需要抓住关键词语进行判断。?
【关键词语】daughter, full?fare, half?fare, cost?
【详细解答】从对话中可知，大人票价是全价，12岁以下小孩为半价。每张票全价为100美元，半价为50美元。那位女士买一张全价的和一张半价的，加起来的两张票价当然是150美元，故B为正确答案。?
4．答案B。?
【试题分析】本题为一般性听力理解题，应抓住对话中的关键词进行判断。?
【关键词语】type, friend, paper, generally?
【详细解答】在听力材料中可以很清楚听到女士不会打字，而是妈妈给了她一台打字机，但她不知道怎样使用。是她的一位朋友一直在给她打文件。故B为正确答案。?
5．答案D。?
【试题分析】本题为一般性对话理解题，需抓住关键句进行判断。?
【关键词语】telephone, dinner, be able to?
【详细解答】如果听懂了男士的谈话，并抓住了关键词语，此答案就不难找到。She couldn’t come for dinner, but hoped to be able to next time she comes to town．由此可知，D为正确答案。?
6．答案C。?
【试题分析】本题考查考生综合听力的能力，需要抓住主要内容并根据关键词语进行分析推理。?
【关键词语】worry about, special, fail, course?
【详细解答】对话双方都在谈论一个内容――关于你在理科学习上的问题。女士问男士如果你站在我的位置上，你怎么做？男士的回答大略是：如果Paul是我的儿子，我不会为他担忧的，因为他的理科老师在放学后正在给他辅导，所以我不担心他会考不及格。因此，答案应该是C，而不是其他。?
>>篇7：英语四级预测试卷答案与详解4
最新英语四级预测试卷答案与详解（4）
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A?
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.D?6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.C?
Section B?
S11.commercial S12.pictures S13.throughout S14.famous S15.shows S16.different S17.interesting S18.take the bus or subway S19.The bus and subway are very convenient S20.almost anywhere on them.??
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One?
【文章大意】文章讲述了美国的工作狂(workaholic)这一现象及其成因。他们痴迷工作是因为追求上进，实现个人价值。如此着迷工作，连外国人都留下美国人少有时间休闲和处理个人关系的印象，随后作者又讲述了人们对工作狂的不同看法，并说明工作狂支持着美国文化中注重成绩、效率和结果的价值观。?
21.D 本文第一段叙述美国人对工作的重视及为什么有些美国人要当工作狂；第二段介绍人们对工作狂的不同看法。显然D项为正确答案。?
22.A 答案见原文第一段句首：to increase their status,financial position,and sense of self-worth 与 who want very much to have a self-improvement意义相同。?
23.D 原文“…foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an excessive amount of time working…”与B项“发现美国人工作很刻苦”意义相同。?
24.B “workaholics”是被迫所为，但与C项的…by someone else不符。“workaholics”意为“工作狂”，所以B项正确。
25.A 见原文最后一句：美国人重视成就、效率和高产，正是workaholic在维持着
这种价值观。这说明作者对如此醉心于工作是持肯定态度的。?
Passage Two
【文章大意】该文简要介绍了奥林匹克运动会的起源和古希腊奥运会的一些情况。比如公元前776年第一届奥运会是为纪念希腊主神宙斯在奥林匹斯山脚举行的希腊人崇尚身体的健美和力量。比赛获胜者不是得到奖牌而是在头上戴橄榄圈并唱颂扬他们的`诗歌。比赛是为了友谊，因而正在进行的战争需在奥运会期间停止。?
26.A 选项A，取胜者把橄榄枝叶圈戴在自己头上。文中第一段说The winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads.优胜者得到极大的尊重，人们把橄榄枝编成的环戴在他们头上。having olive wreath placed 不是指他自己戴上，而是由别人给他们戴上。A项与文意不符，是正确答案。B， 这项运动会在希腊每四年举行一次，可以从中找到暗示：The participants competed every four years……，C， 为了参加运动会，战争被中止。文中第一段末尾处有直接说明……war in progress were stopped to allow the games to take place。D.歌颂胜利者的诗被谱成歌曲。文中第一段也有说明：The winne
篇8：考研英语阅读真题答案与详解
Text 2
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box。
本段是背景段，讲过去的事情。只需看懂第一句“过去的几十年中，上千个商业方法被授予专利。”
Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In the Bilski, as the case is known, is a “very big deal”， says Dennis’D Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents。”
本段转折。“将会用一个案例来全面审查商业方法专利”。最后一句“它有可能排除一种专利(即上文的business-method patent)”
26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of
[A] their limited value to business
[B] their connection with asset allocation
[C] the possible restriction on their granting
[D] the controversy over authorization
选[C]，根正苗红的同义替换。possible= potential ， eliminate= restriction
[A] 无中生有 [B] 用第一段的一个小例子中的细节捏造选项 [D] controversy 无中生有。
27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?
[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions
[B] It involves a very big business transaction
[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit
[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S。
选[D] potential= may ,change 对应着第一段和第二段之间的转折。从本段的review，eliminate也可以看出这是一种转折。
全文一直没有讲Bilski case的判决的结果，而 [A] [C]都是在讲其判决结果，所以与原文相反。
[B] 是从原文“ a “very big deal””字面意识出发设置的干扰选项。a big deal 其实在英文中的意思是“重要”，而不是“生意(transaction)”
本题[D]还有may ,正确答案往往语气委婉，所以更加确定选这个选项。
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice。
28. The word “about-face” (Line 1,Para 3) most probably means
[A] loss of good will
[B] increase of hostility
[C] change of attitude
[D] enhancement of disnity
本题是词汇题，一定要返回原文通过上下文解题。Because 之前是说对business-method 的约束(curbs)，而because之后说的是“正是联邦审判引入了business-method”，所以二者之间自然表明了是“态度的转变”。所以选[C]
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling。
本段第一句话没有看懂，直接跳过。第二句讲“联邦审判要求这个案子要12个法官审，而不是普通的3人小组，并且要求判断是否要重新考虑之前的Bank ruling” 由本句可以排除29 [A]
The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court”， says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School。
in the wake of= after 。第一句：最高法院已经减少了对专利持有者的保护(protection)。而29[C] 减少了对专利持有者的尊重(esteem)。其中esteem是对protection的偷梁换柱。第二句：举例子。法官发出信号： too many (过多的专利被授予了)，表明法院认为很多business-method 不应该被授予，所以选[B] too many =often unnecessarily. [D]无中生有。
29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents
[A] are immune to legal challenges
[B] are often unnecessarily issued
[C] lower the esteem for patent holders
[D] increase the incidence of risks
见上文的解析。本题[A] [B] 两项相反必去其一。
30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
[A] A looming threat to business-method patents
[B] Protection for business-method patent holders
[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents
[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents
选择 [A] 。首先排除[B]，与原文相反。[C]大帽子。[A] [D]的选择有一定难度。用串线法解题。第一段讲过去business method很容易被授予专利。其中第一段的最后一句话已经暗含着对这种做法的反对。第二段转折：将会用一个案例来全面审查商业方法专利。第三段：对business method的约束(curbs)是法院态度的巨大转变。最后一段明确提出reacting to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court 。要注意的是原文始终没有说Bilski case的判决，因此只是一个looming (隐约地出现)的danger ，而不是已经盛行的趋势。
Text 3
① In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. ②The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread。
【考点分析】① 因果常考(driven)，出31题[A]。Malcolm Aladuell 的观点“社会流行的东西在很大程度上是有一小部分有影响力的人发动的，这些人见多识广，有说服力” ②转折常考，出31题[B]。 “这个观点不能解释思想是如何传播的”。要注意：ideas actually spread= social epidemics 这就意味着作者认为influential对how ideas actually spread作用不大，不起driven(驱动)的作用。
31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to __________。
[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics
[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas
[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics
[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials。
【正确选项解析】[B] 本题是说明作者目的题。由上文②的分析可知选本选项。
【干扰选项分析】[A] 与原文相反。本文讨论的是原因(driven)，而本题是说结果(consequence)。
[C] 本段没有提到人们的直觉的反应(intuitive response)。②只是说“作者认为这个观点从直觉上看是吸引人的”。所以无中生有
[D]偏离中心：influential对social epidemics的作用。只是①中的细节。
①The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication”： Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. ② Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. ③The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. ④In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. ⑤Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.
【考点分析】①因果常考(derive from)+转折常考(but)+否定常考(untested)+段首常考+特殊标点常考(冒号)，出32题。请看supposed在《牛津高阶英语词典》的英文解释 [only before noun] used to show that you think that a claim, statement or way of describing sb/sth is not true or correct, although it is generally believed to be。这就意味着supposed后面的东西在本质上都是作者反对的。“这种influential的假象的重要性来源于一个貌似合理但是实质上未经检验的two-step flow of communication的理论”。②讲商人接受了这一错误观点。③中的seems ④中的cursory search(草率的搜索) ⑤中的Anecdotal evidence(传闻的证据)这几个词组都表明作者对这个理论持反对态度。
32. The author suggests that the “two-step flow theory” __________。
[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems
[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends
[C]has won support from influentials
[D]requires solid evidence for its validity
【正确选项解析】[D]由①可知这个理论是未经检验的(untested)，这就意味着“需要可靠的证据证明其有效性”(requires solid evidence for its validity)。所以本题是同义替换之正话反说。
【干扰选项分析】[A]与作者对该理论的反对态度矛盾。
[B] ③这个理论似乎(seems)可以解释某些流行的趋势，seem这个词表明作者其实是反对这个说法的。
[C]偷换概念，偷换了②中的marketer
①In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. ② In fact, they don’t seem to be required of all. ③ The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey ― whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence ― even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. ④Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. ⑤ For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; ⑥and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. ⑦ If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people。
【考点分析】①承上启下。研究者推翻了上文的错误观点。②无需看懂。③研究者的理由来自关于社会影响的简单的观察。即使最有影响力的人也不会与太多的人交流。④是two-step-flow theory理论。⑤转折常考出33题。“每一个受影响的人必须要影响他的熟人，他的熟人再影响自己的熟人”，这也就因为是social interaction。
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