英语点拨：英语语法句子种类基础
“横刀立马”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了4篇英语点拨：英语语法句子种类基础，下面小编给大家整理后的英语点拨：英语语法句子种类基础，供大家阅读参考。
篇1：英语点拨：英语语法句子种类基础
句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句号.，通常用降调。
掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。
e.g. We live in Tianjin. (肯定句)我们住在天津。
We dont live in Shanghai. (否定句)我们不住在上海。
注意：(1)在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。
e.g. John studies Chinese very well.
(2)一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do (does), did.
e.g. I dont like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
He doesnt have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。
They didnt play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。
2. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do(does), did.
e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗?
Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟吗?
篇2：关于英语语法句子种类的基础知识
初中英语语法:英语语法句子种类基础知识
句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。
掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。
e.g. We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我们住在天津。
We don't live in Shanghai. （否定句）我们不住在上海。
注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。
e.g. John studies Chinese very well.
（2）一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do （does）, did.
e.g. I don't like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。
They didn't play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。
2. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do（does）, did.
e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗？
Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟吗？
Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ?
昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗？
What do you often do on Sundays ?
星期日你常常干什么？
When does your father get up every morning ?
你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床？
Why didn't your teacher come to school yesterday ?
昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢？
提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是：“一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句”，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调。
e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?
她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？
Would you like tea or coffee ?
你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡？
Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?
我们是周六还是周日去电影院？
反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。
注意反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问句（缩略形式）
或：否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句（缩略形式）
两部分的人称和时态要一致。
特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写，主语（最后一个词）必须是代词而不能是名词。
e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasn't she ?
你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？
The boys didn't find anything , did they ?
男孩子们什么也没找到/发现，是不是？
在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，事实是肯定的要回答Yes , …，事实是否定的要回答No, ….
e.g. He isn't going to the meeting , is he ?
他不去参加会，是吗？
Yes , he is . 不，他要去。
No , he isn't. 是的/对，他不去。
It didn't snow last week , did it ?
上周没有下雪，对吗？
Yes , it did. / No , it didn't. 不，下雪了。是的，没下雪。
3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事，动词要用原形。表示请求，命令、建议等。
e.g. Go back to your seat , please. 请回到你的座位上去。
Don't make so much noise. 不要吵吵闹闹。
Let's go to school together ! 咱们一起上学去吧！
（let's是含有第一人称主语的祈使句）
Let him help the child. 让他帮助那个孩子。（let him是含有第三人称主语的祈使句）
注意：否定形式是Let's （us , me）+not +动词原形
e.g. Let's not say anything about it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。
4. 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。
（1）how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词
结构：How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语
How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮啊！
How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力啊！
（2）what作宾语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an）.
结构：What a （an）+形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语
e.g. What a clever girl （she is ）!
她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！
What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物啊！
句子的类型可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句：The Simple Sentence由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
e.g. I get up at six thirty in the morning.
My mother and I often go shopping.
并列句：The Compound Sentence 由并列词and , so , but , or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。要掌握并列句的构成及用法。
e.g. I help him and he helps me. 我帮他，他帮我。
This is our first lesson , so I don't know all your names.
这是我们的第一节课，所以我不认识你们。
She likes bread and milk , but she doesn't like eggs at all.
她喜欢吃面包和牛奶，但她一点儿也不喜欢吃鸡蛋。
复合句：The Complex Sentence 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
e.g. If you are ill , you must see the doctor.
如果你病了，一定要去看医生。（状语从句）
I hope he's better tomorrow.
我希望他明天身体更好一些。（宾语从句）
熟练掌握宾语从句的语序及关联词that , if / whether , what , who , which , whose , when , what time , where , how 等的用法，以及宾语从句的时态。
在复合句中作主句的宾语，叫宾语从句。
注意：宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。
e.g. I asked him if he was a student.
宾语从句的时态呼应是：主句的时态是一般现在时，从句可以是任何一个时态。
如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句必须是过去时态的一种形式。
当表示事实、真理、自然现象时必须用一般现在时。
e.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
请注意防止出现以下错误：
A. They said that they'll leave if Peter stays.
时态错误，应改为：They said that they would leave if Peter stayed.
B. He asked why were you late for school.
语序错误，应改为：He asked why you were late for school .
C. Her brother asked me whose book this was ?
标点错误，问号应该改为句号。
熟练掌握由when , before , after , as soon as , until , because , than , if , so …that等词引导的时间、原因，比较，条件、结果状语从句。
在复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫作状语从句。
时间状语从句：
When she reached home , she had a short rest.
当她到家时，她休息了一会儿。
Judy had finished writing the book before she went to Queensland.
朱娣在去昆士兰之前已经写完了那本书。
I went to bed after I finished my article.
我写完文章之后才上床。
As soon as the bell rang the students, stopped talking to each other.
铃声一响，学生们就停止了谈话。
We won't leave until the headteacher comes back.
班主任回来我们才会离开。
原因状语从句：
The children went to the farm , because the farmers needed some help.
孩子们去农场是因为农民们需要帮忙。
比较状语从句：Jim is older than Lucy is.
吉姆比露西大。
条件状语从句：
If it rains tomorrow , we won't hold a sports meeting on the sportsground .
如果明天下雨，我们就不在运动场上开运动会了。
结果状语从句：
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
这个箱子太沉以致于我无法抬起来。
目的状语从句：
The headmaster spoke loudly so that all the students could hear what he said.
校长高声讲话为的是全体学生能够听到他所讲的话。
让步状语从句：
Although he is young , he knows a lot of things.
虽然他年龄小，但却认识许多事情。
状语从句的时态要与主句时态相互呼应。但要注意以as soon as , when , until等引导的时间状语从句表示将来的动作时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.
他一到美国就给我写信。
When I see him , I will tell him this good news.
当我见到他时，我将告诉他这个好消息。
We won't leave until we finish our homework .
直到完成作业我们才会离开。
以if引导的条件状语从句假设的是将来的动作，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
e.g. He will come to see me if he has time. 如果条件状语从句放在宾语从句中，时态则依照宾语从句的要求而变。
e.g. My mother said she would buy me a book if I studied hard.
我母亲说如果我努力学习，她要给我买一本书。
以because引导的原因状语从句不可能和so一起连用。
e.g. He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.
他昨天没来学校，因为他生病了。
注意防止出现以下错误：
A. I'm sure he'll ring you up if he will come back.
从句时态错误，will come应该改为comes.
B. Because he was tired , so he went to bed very early.
中文习惯用“因为……所以……”，但在英语中because不能和so同时使用，应该去掉其中的一个。
篇3：句子的种类英语基础语法
1句子的种类
(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences)：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。 (说明事实)
The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。
(说明看法)
2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)：提出问题。有以下四种：
a. 一般疑问句(General Questions)：
Can you finish the work in time?
你能按时完成工作吗?
b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions)：
Where do you live? 你住那儿?
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)：
Do you want tea or coffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)：
He doesn't know her, does he?
他不认识她，对不对?
3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences)：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：
Sit down, please. 请坐。
Don't be nervous! 别紧张!
4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：
What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1) 简单句(Simple Sentences)：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：
She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。
(主) (谓)
2) 并列句(Compound Sentences)：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：
The food was good, but he had little appetite.
(主) (谓)(主)(谓)
食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。
3) 复合句(Complex Sentences)：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
主句 从句
我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
1)主 + 动(SV)例如：
I work. 我工作。
2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如：
John is busy. 约翰忙。
3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如：
She studies English. 她学英语。
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如：
Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如：
My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
2祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。
1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定结构：
Don't move.
Don't be late.
2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。
Let 的反意疑问句
a. Let's 包括说话者
Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b. Let us 不包括说话者
Let us have another try，will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定结构：
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
3感叹句结构
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序
How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序
What +名词+陈述语序
What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序
What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序
How clever a boy he is!
How lovely the baby is!
What noise they are making!
What a clever boy he is!
What wonderful ideas (we have)!
What cold weather it is!
感叹句的省略形式为：
What a clever boy (he is)!
典型例题
1)___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)
2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) --- _____ I had!
--- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time
答案A. 感叹句分两类：
1：What + n.+主谓部分
2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。
4强调句结构
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例题
1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余用that。
原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is<--->has been was <--->had been.
5 用助动词进行强调
强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。
She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。
13.5 反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陈述部分是“there be”结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20) must在表“推测”时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语疑问部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义
rarely, little等否定
含义的词
ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语
must 根据实际情况而定
感叹句中 be +主语
Neither…nor,
either…or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that,主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语
省去主语的祈使句 will you?
Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式
must表“推测” 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句
篇4：英语语法干货：基本的语法形态，基础的句子的类型
一、陈述句
陈述句(包括肯定的或否定的)用来叙述一项事实。陈述句的结构分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。
1、陈述句的肯定结构
主语与谓语的一致，句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。如：
I was having dinner when he came in.
He is now working at a bank.
①谓语只跟主语的中心词保持一致，修饰词不影响主语的数：
The quality of this kind of bike is poor.
There be结构和其他倒装句中，谓语通常放在主语的前面，这时谓语是单数还是复数，要依后面的主语而定，如：
There is no milk in the bottle.
There are no students iin the classroom.
②“one of ……”结构作主语，谓语应该用单数。如：
One of the students is absent.
Making things is a good activity.
What hurt her most is his words.
③由and连接两个或两个以上的名词，由“both…and…”连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：
Susan and Sally like pop music.
The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk.
④单数名词后面有下面词语修饰时，主语不受这些词或词组的影响
with…. like…as well as…together with…
He, as well as his classmates, likes popular songs.
Mr Li, together with his wife and two songs, is on holiday these days.
⑤由连词“either…or…”,“neither…nor…”,“not only…but also…”,also, nor, or连接两个名词或代词，谓语动词的形式应与最近的主语保持一致
Neither I nor my brother is good at maths.
Either you or I’m wrong.
注意：表示数量、时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。用于数学运算的数字作主语，谓语通常也用单数形式。如：
Ten pounds is enough.
Two hours is a long time.
2、陈述句的否定形式
(1)带有系动词、助动词、情态动词的肯定句，只要把not, never加在这些动词后面，就能把肯定句变为否定，no通常否定名词或动名词
I’m not a doctor.I haven’t got a camera.
I have never met him before.
(2)若谓语是行为动词，前面又没有助动词和情态动词，只要在谓语动词之前加助动词do( does, did ) not就行。
I didn’t go to the concert yesterday.
He doesn’t speak English
(3)no修饰复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。如果no修饰单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。如：
No men are admitted
No man is admitted.
(4)表示部分否定的词有：not all, not everything, not everybody, not everywhere, not both, not always.
Not everybody enjoys fishing.
Not everything goes well.
二、疑问句
疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，疑问句末尾用问号“?”。疑问句一般分为：一般疑问句;特殊疑问句;选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1、一般疑问句
(1) 含有系动词、助动词、情态动词的陈述句改为疑问句：要把这些动词提到主语的前面，句末用问号。
Are you a policeman?Must I go now?
(2) 如果谓语是行为动词，它前面又没有任何助动词、情态动词，这时就要用助动词do ( does, did )来构成疑问句。
Does he often write to you ?
Did you enjoy yourself last Sunday?
2、特殊疑问句
(1) 特殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句”构成，其中一般疑问句又采取倒装或部分倒装的形式。
(2) 特殊疑问句的疑问词通常分为疑问代词和疑问副词两种。
3、选择疑问句
它的结构是“一般疑问句 + or + 一般疑问句“，回答这类问题时要选择其中一种具体进行回答。
Is her brother a doctor or a teacher?
Her brother a doctor.
4、反意疑问句
反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略形式的疑问句构成，中间用逗号隔开。通常有两种形式：
① 陈述句谓语用肯定形式 + 疑问句谓语用否定形式;
He is stupid, isn’t he?
② 陈述句谓语用否定形式 + 疑问句谓语用肯定形式;
He doesn’t like sports, does he?
(5) 如果陈述部分是主从复合句，那么疑问部分的谓语应该跟主语的谓语所用形式一样。
You never told us you are the headmaster, did you?
注意：
① used to用在句中时，也可用usen’t 或usedn’t来引起反意疑问句。He used to swim in winter, didn’t he? =
He used to swim in winter, usen’t he?
② 当陈述句中的主语为everybody, everyone, anyone, nobody, none, no one时，疑问部分通常要用they来代替。
Everybody admires him, don’t they?
③ 如果陈述句部分已经用了表示否定意义的词，如never, nothing, hardly,那么疑问部分应该使用肯定形式。
He never speaks loudly, does he?
④ 当陈述句部分的主语为everything, nothing, anything, something时，疑问部分的主语要用it.
Something is wrong with the machine, isn’t it?
Everything is in good order, isn’t it?
⑤ 祈使句的反意疑问句部分要用shall, will。
Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，所以反意疑问句为“shall we?”, let me 和let us表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”，其他行为动词引起的祈使句，反意疑问句都为“will you?”。祈使句的反意疑问句通常只有肯定形式。
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
Let’s stop for a rest, will you?
⑥ 感叹句的反意疑问句要用“be”的现在时，对人的感叹，用“he”“you”等，对事物的感叹，用“it”，而且疑问部分必须用否定式。
What a clever boy, isn’t he?
What a wonderful lecture, isn’t it?
三、祈使句、感叹句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等，谓语动词一律用原形。句中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号。
1、肯定的祈使句
(1) 句型：动词原形……(省略主语)。如：
Look at these holes!Please keep the classroom quiet.
(2) 有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do。
Do be quiet.Do study hard.
(3) 祈使句中如果有呼语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开。放在句首或句尾。Come here, Li Ming.
2、否定的祈使句
(1) 句型：Don’g + 动词原形……
Don’t make the same mistake.
Don’t look out of the windows.
(2) 祈使句与陈述句的改写
祈使句=You must ……
Be quiet. = you must be quiet.
Don’t make any noise = You mustn’t make any noise.
Please + 祈使句 = Will you please ……?
Please read after me = Will you please read after me?
3、祈使句Let…句型
Let作为动词常常用于祈使句，但表达意义不相同
Let表示“建议”后面跟第一人称代词作宾语。
Let’s go to school together!Let me try again.
Let表示“间接命令或愿望”，后面接第三人称代词作宾语。
Let him work out the problem by himself.
Let Li Ping be monitor.
感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪，带有强烈的感情色彩。感叹句主要有两种：
What + 名词词组;
What a beautiful day it is!
How + 形容词或副词
How well they have learned English!
How well he swims!
注意：
What 修饰单数可数名词时，如果这一名词有形容词修饰，也可以用how来引导感叹句，但是不定冠词a, an要放在形容词的后面。
What a beautiful park!
How beautiful a park it is!补充练习
按要求进行句型转换
1. We have many cakes for supper (变为否定疑问句)
2. I would like a cup of tea, please. (变为一般疑问句)
3. He is a teacher, (a student) (改为选择疑问句)
4. It is a nice box. (改为感叹句)
5. The workers are working hard. (改为感叹句)
6. Tom is sitting on the desk. (改为否定的祈使句)
7. Everything is ready, ___________ ? (以下改为反意疑问句)
8. This isn’t your book, _____________ ?
9. Don’t look out of the window, _____________ ?
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