大学德语四级语法和词汇部分解题指南
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篇1：大学德语四级语法和词汇部分解题指南
大学德语四级的语法和词汇部分共分A、B两节，A节从第51题到80题，共30题为四选一的单选题。B节从第81题到90题，共10题，为单句填空，每句要求填一个单词。考试
从内容上来讲，这一部分是为了检验考生运用语法，词汇和短语的能力，其中70%为语法相关的内容，30%涉及到词汇和短语。按照大学德语教学大纲的要求，四级要求学生掌握2200个基本德语单词（包括一定数量的常用词组），其中有1200个单词要求复式掌握。语法方面要求学生能掌握基本的词法和句法，并能在实际中运用。
从占总分的比例来看，语法和词汇部分的40题共占25分，权重并不大，但由于考的是德语中最基本的表达手段，因此，还是能够反映出考生的德语水平。希望大家能够加以重视。这一部分中所涉及的内容（特别是词汇），都是比较零星的知识点，所以需要在平时就注意积累，注意灵活运用所学到的语言点，这样才能为通过考试并取得好成绩打下扎实的基础。复习备考阶段，首先要把所学到过的语法项目进行系统的整理，如动词的变位，冠词，形容词，代词的变格表等。另外，还要把动词各种变化，如各种时态，被动语态，虚拟式，命令式等，从构成和功能两个方面加以整理。在句子结构方面，首先要能熟知德语的语序规则，这对于解题也是很有帮助的。另外，常用的几种从句也需要加以整理和归纳。限于篇幅，这里不再对各项语法内容进行系统的阐述，读者可参考教材或有关参考书进行复习。
通过对历年四级考试试卷的分析，我们发现有一些语法上的重点和难点需要考生重点掌握。这些都是经常考到的，而且经常容易答错。
1．动词的分词做定语动词的第一分词和第二分词，包括分词短语，都可以用做名词的定语。这是德语语法中的一个难点。要点就是搞清第一分词和第二分词所表达的意义。动词的第一分词-- 不论是及物动词还是不及物动词-- 都表示主动的，正在进行的动作；及物动词的第二分词表示被动的意义；完成时用sein的不及物动词表示完成的意义，而完成时用haben的不及物动词一般不用其第二分词做名词的定语。分词做定语这样的结构可以通过把它转化成关系从句来理解。如：ein die Hausaufgaben machender Student =ein Student, der die Hausaufgaben macht. （第一分词表示主动）das von VW hergestellte Auto =das Auto, das von VW hergestellt worden ist （及物动词第二分词表示被动）das eingeschlafene Kind =das Kind, das eingeschlafen ist （完成时用sein的不及物动词表示完成）
2．用wer和was（包括疑问代副词）引导的关系从句用wer（wessen，wem，wen）引导的关系从句实际上是指一个人，主句中有一个代词der（dessen，dem，den），
学习资料
在四级考试中一般都以第一格出现，且省略主句中的der，即wer ... ，der ... 。如：Wer nicht arbeitet, bekommt nichts zu essen.通过例句可以发现，以wer引导的关系从句实际上在整个句子中充当主语的成分，而关系代词wer本身在从句中也是做主语。所以，如果在情况下，如果判断判断空格内的词应该作为从句的主语或宾语，且出现下面一些情况时应该考虑到这个句型：a．关系从句做主语，如：Was er gemacht hat, ist nur Unsinn.b．关系从句做宾语，如：Was er sagt, kann ich nicht verstehen.c．主句中出现了相关的代词，如：Alles, was er anbiet, kann uns bei der Arbeit helfen.另外，was引导的关系从句有时也可以指整个主句，这时，从句不做主句中的任何成分。如：Es fehlen wieder viele Studenten, was der Lehrer sehr ?rgert.用疑问代副词引导的关系从句是由was引导的关系从句所衍生出来的，相当于was在从句中做介词的宾语，如：Seine Freundin hat ihm zum Geburtstag ein Buch geschenkt, worüber er sich sehr freut.
3．非现实的条件句非现实条件句其实比较简单，只要注意动词要用第二虚拟式就可以了。如果看到主句或者从句的动词用的是第二虚拟式，基本就可以判断从句或主句的动词也应该用第二虚拟式。
4．按形容词变化的名词按形容词变化的名词有两中情况：a．表示人的。这类名词只有阳性和阴性，要注意不同的词尾变化。b．表示事物的。这类名词只有中型，特征是在前面有定冠词das或者不定代词alle s，etwas，nichts，viel，wenig等。其中在das和alles后面用强变化，在etwas，nichts，viel，wenig后面用弱变化。
另外有一点值得注意的是，在复习词汇的时候，除了单词的词义以外，一定要了解它的语法属性，例如对名词来说要知道它的性别以及复数的变化；对动词来说，要知道它的各种变位形式，以及它的搭配能力。四级考试的词汇题，很大一部分是考搭配，这需要考生要牢固掌握这些词组，要能做到看到词组中一部分就能立刻想到另一部分。下面一些固定搭配（包括句型）是在考试中经常出现的：nicht/kein- …sondern …不是…而是…nicht nur ... sondern auch / sowohl ... als auch 不但...而且，既...又entweder ... oder 或者...或者weder ... noch 即不...也不je ... desto/umso 越...越...so + 形容词（副词）原级+ wie 象...一样得...形容词（副词）比较级/ander- +als 比...更.../与...不同um ... zu + 动词不定式为了，表示目的ohne ... zu + 动词不定式没有做...就...statt ... zu + 动词不定式不做...而...另外还有大量的动词，名词，形容词和介词的搭配，读者可以查阅教材或相关的参考书。
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大学德语四级语法和词汇部分解题指南
〕随文赠言：【受惠的人，必须把那恩惠常藏心底，但是施恩的人则不可记住它。――西塞罗】篇2：大学英语四级语法精要：部分倒装
部分倒装
在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面:
under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
i couldn’t answer the question. nor could anyone else in our class.
only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.
句首状语若由 only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:
only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.
only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:
not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.
当句首状语为 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.
no longer are they staying with us.
no sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
under no circumstances could i agree to such a principle.
篇3：大学英语四级语法精要：介词部分-形容词加介词
形容词加介词
about --- anxious, careful, careless, certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure, timid, unhappy, etc
at --- awkward, bad, clever, disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless, weak, etc
for --- convenient, eligible, grateful, homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc
from --- evident, exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc
in --- deficient, expert, liberal, quick, rich, successful, weak, etc
of --- apprehensive, characteristic, critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent, jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy, etc
on --- dependent, keen, intent, etc
to --- acceptable, accessible, agreeable, alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential, favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable, related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc
with --- awkward, bored, careful, disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc
篇4：大学英语四级语法精要：介词部分-名词加介词
名词加介词 ( n + prep)
某些名词之后要求用某些介词: solution to, faith in, glance at, need for
某些名词之前要求用某些介词: on one’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to my delight
篇5：大学英语四级语法精要：介词部分-动词加介词
动词加介词
Vi + prep: prevail on, appeal to, fall into, apply for, touch upon
Vt + O + prep: lay emphasis on, take advantage of等
Vi + adv + prep:
I don’t wish to break in on your thoughts.
The family came up against fresh problems.
You’re not telling me the whole story. You’re holding out on me.
She got off with him soon after she began to work at the institution.
Vt + O + adv +prep:
You shouldn’t take your resentment out on me.
We shouldn’t put the shortage down to bad planning.
篇6：12月大学英语四级词汇语法练习题（2）
12月大学英语四级词汇语法练习题
1. Obviously he was _______ by the shop owner when she was shopping in that store.
A. supposed B. supplemented C. swept D. cheated
2. The report mentioned that some important people had attended the closing ________.
A. surgeon B. suspicion C. ceremony D. target
3. The blood _______ in the body and provides what the body needs.
A. swells B. circulates C. tastes D. tempted
4. His explanation has _________ this mystery and helped us to understand better.
A. surveyed B. clarified C. surrendered D. torn
5. Many job _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education
A. opportunities B. necessities C. realities D. occurrences
6. The earthquake in the past ten years caused many buildings to _______.
A. collapse B. terrify C. tend D. threaten
7. My __________ will fully support my plan in building the dam there.
A. threats B. treatments C. triangles D. colleagues
8. His poor health __________ him to resign from his job.
A. compelled B. treasured C. transplanted D. trimmed
9. The bus ___________ with the truck on the highway last night.
A. united B. undertook C. vanished D. collided
10. The city is __________of three sections, which are separated by rivers.
A. upset B. valued C. composed D. ventured
11. The firms are not allowed to set up any trade ________ among them.
A. barrier B. blame C. benefit D. duty
12. The street was ____________ by the police for fear that there was a bomb.
A. deceived B. delivered C. damaged D. blocked
13. The economy in this city was _______ by the new investment from abroad.
A. cancelled B. boomed C. buried D. crowded
14. On _______ of the school, I’d like to welcome you all.
A. behalf B. dairy C. decade D. delight
15. He is a ______ boy because he was not afraid of fighting with the bad man.
A. damp B. delicate C. cruel D. bold
16. There used to be an old city here, which was _______ under the river about years ago.
A. insulted B. insulated C. buried D. interrupted
17. The trip to the west has been ________ due to the lack of the funds.
A. insisted B. canceled C. infected D. inferred
18. What he suggested will be ___________ to your plan.
A. infinite B. intimate C. inflexible D. beneficial
19. His birthday was ________ in a big hotel and attended by about 200 people.
A. inspected B. installed C. celebrated D. interfered
20. The windy weather is _____________ of this city in spring.
A. supreme B. characteristic C. suspicious D. sympathetic
答案：
Vocabulary Test 2
1 题：答案为D。suppose 假设;supplement 补充;sweep 扫地;cheat 欺骗。
2 题：答案为C。surgeon 外科;suspicion 怀疑;ceremony 仪式;target 预算。
3 题：答案为B。swell 膨胀;circulate 循环;taste 品尝;tempted 引诱。
4 题：答案为B。survey 调查;clarify 澄清;surrender 投降;torn 斯裂。
5 题：答案为A。opportunities 机会;necessities 必需品;reality 真实，现实;occurrences 发生。
6 题：答案为A。collapse 崩塌;terrify 使害怕;tend 趋势;threaten 危险。
7 题：答案为D。threat 威胁;treatment 对待;triangle 三角;colleagues 同事。
8 题：答案为A。compel 迫使;treasure 珍惜;transplanted 移植;trim 修剪。
9 题：答案为D。unite 团结;undertake 承担;vanish 消失;collide 与相撞。
10 题：答案为C。upset 沮丧;value 珍视;compose 由组成;venture 冒险。
11 题：答案为A。barrier 壁障;blame 指责;benefit 受益;duty 责任。
12 题：答案为D。deceive 欺骗;deliver 送;damage 损坏;blocked 阻塞;封锁。
13 题：答案为B。cancel 撤消;boom 繁荣;bury 埋;crowd 使拥挤。
14 题：答案为A。behalf 代表;dairy 牛奶场;decade 十年;delight 高兴。
15 题：答案为D。damp 潮湿的;delicate 娇气;cruel 冷酷的;bold 勇敢的。
17 题：答案为B。insist 坚持;cancel 取消;infect 感染;infer 暗示。
16 题：答案为C。insult 侮辱;insulate 绝缘;bury 埋;interrupt 打断。
18 题：答案为D。beneficial 有益的。
19 题：答案为C。inspect 调查;install 安装;celebrate 庆祝;interfere 干涉。
20 题：答案为C。supreme 最高的;characteristic 特有的;suspicious 怀疑的;sympathetic 同情的。
篇7：12月大学英语四级词汇语法练习题（1）
月大学英语四级词汇语法练习题
1. He proved himself a ________ successor to the former Prime Minister.
A. worthwhile B. worthiness C. worthy D. worth
2. Your radio is too loud ,turn the ________ down.
A. volume B. voice C. sound D. tone
3. The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever ________.
A. understated B. undertaken C. undergone D. underneath
4. He comes from a poor country village in the mountains, so it’s very hard for him to pay the whole school year’s ________ at one time.
A. money B. fare C. fees D. tuition
5. Anthony is a very ________ person and never wastes anything.
A. miserly B. thrifty C. economic D. conservative
6. He is seriously ill because his girlfriend has just deserted him. Why don’t you try some occupational ________ to remove his mind from distress?
A. operation B. therapy C. injection D. medicine
7. The government used their emergency powers to ________ the truth about the accident.
A. suppress B. manipulate C. control D. manage
8. The ________ of the member countries is supposed to be held recently at Geneva.
A. summit B. summary C. suffering D. summon
9. The ghostly presence was just a (n)_________ sensation of some people.
A. objective B. subjunctive C. subjective D. objected
10. The company is on the verge of bankruptcy ,and thousands of jobs are at ________.
A. danger B. loss C. threat D. stake
11. The ________ of these islands is still in dispute and the three countries are to have a conference next month to settle the issue.
A. sovereignty B. right C. authority D. power
12. That organization __________ persons of different political stands.
A. owns B. embraces C. composes D. consists
13. We would never have secured our independence without the aid you ______.
A. pursued B. requested C. presented D. rendered
14. Women are ________ against the restrictions on job opportunities.
A. proceeding B. negative C. revolving D. urgent
15. I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite _________.
A. artistic B. artificialC. arbitrary D. mechanical
16. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his ________ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.
A. impression B. reaction C. comprehension D. sentiment
17. We’d decided to sell our car, but then we began to have second ________.
A. plans B. minds C. ideas D. thoughts
18. The mystery guest on the show is ________ other than the President.
A. no B. none C. not D. nothing
19. During the recession they ________ the workers off for three months.
A. gave B. laid C. called D. dropped
20. I haven’t enough money to buy a car, so I just have to do _______.
A. nothing B. none C. without D. nobody
答案：
Vocabulary Test 1
1. 答案为C。worthwhile 意思是“值得花费时间、金钱或精力的”。worthy 可以表示“值得尊重或者考虑的”，用这一意思时通常做定语。worthiness 是worthy 的名词形式。worth 用作表语，意思是“有某种价值的;值得(做某事)”。本句需要填入一个作定语的形容词，所以， C 是正确答案。
2. 答案为A。volume 意思是“音量，响度”，voice 意思是“嗓音”，sound 意思是“声，声音，声响”，tone 指“音调，音质;语气，腔调;(乐器的)音质，音色”。
3. 答案为B。understate 意思是“有节制地陈述或表达;少说，少报”，undertake 意思是“承担，负起..的责任”，undergo 意为“经历，经受;接受，承受”，underneath 意为“在.. 的下面(介词);在下面，向下(副词);底部，底面(名词)”。
4. 答案为D。money 泛指“金钱，货币”;fare 指(公共汽车、轮船、计程车等的)票价; fee 指付给私人教师、医生等的服务费，酬金;tuition 尤指大专院校的学费。
5. 答案为B。miserly 意思是“似守财奴的，吝啬的”，thrifty 意思是“节检的，节约的”， economic 意思是“经济学的，经济的”，conservative 意思是“保守的，守旧的”。
6. 答案为B。operation 指“手术”，therapy 指“疗法”，injection 指“注射”，medicine 指“医术，医学;药”。occupational therapy 指“职业疗法”，即给患者创造性或生产性工作以治疗其身心某些疾病的方法。
7. 答案为A。suppress 意思是“阻止..被知道或看到”，manipulate 指“熟练地控制或操纵(某事物)”，control 意思是“控制”，manage 意思是“负责(谋事物)，管理，经营”。
8. 答案为A。summit 意思是“峰会，首脑会晤”，summary 意为“小结”，suffering 指肉体或内心的痛苦，summon 意为“传唤，传讯;(法院的)传票”。
9. 答案为C。objective 意为“客观的”，subjunctive 意为“虚拟语气的”，subjective 意为“主观的”，object 意思是“反对，抗议”，作动词。
10. 答案为D 。at a loss 意思是“不知如何是好，茫然，不知所措”，at stake 指“凶吉难卜，好坏无法预料”。可以说in danger 或under threat,但不可以说at danger 或at threat。{ad300_right}
11. 答案为A。sovereignty 指“国家主权”;right 指“对某事物的正当要求，做某事的权利”，通常说right to sth./to do sth.;authority 指“权利，权威;职权，权限”，power 指“(人的) 能力，(生理或精神上的)能力;操纵力，影响力;职权，权势”。
12. 答案为B。own 尤指以法定权利拥有某物;embrace 表示“欣然接受”;compose 意为“创作(乐曲或诗歌)”，表示“由……构成”时，应用be composed of 这一表达;consist of 意思是“由……构成”。根据题意及各选项的用法，正确答案为B。
13. 答案为D。pursue 意为“追求追逐”，request 意为“口头或书面的要求，请求”，present 表示“授予，赠予;介绍，引见;提出;呈递”等意思，render 意为“给予”。
14. 答案为A。proceed against sb. 意为“起诉某人”;negative 用作形容词意为“拒绝的，怀疑的，不同意的”;revolve 意为“反复思考，被仔细考虑”;urgent 意为“紧急的，极力主张的”。B、C、D 三项均不与against 连用。
15. 答案为C。artistic 意为“艺术的，艺术家的;富有艺术创造力的”;artificial 意为“人工的;虚假的;人为的”;arbitrary 意为“任意的;武断的”;mechanical 意为“机械的;机械似的，呆板的”。
16. 答案为A。impression 意为“(人、事件、经历等留下的)印象”，reaction 意为“反应”， comprehension 意为“理解，理解力”，sentiment 意为“情绪，伤感”。
17. 答案为D。second thoughts 意思是“(经重新考虑后)改变想法”。
18. 答案为B。none other than 固定短语，用以加强语气。句意为：该节目的神秘嘉宾不是别人，正是总统。
19. 答案为B。lay sb. off 意思是“暂时解雇(工人)”。
20. 答案为C。do without 意思是“没有..也行”。
篇8：12月大学英语四级词汇语法练习题（3）
2016年12月大学英语四级词汇语法练习题
1. You need to ________ the time for the meeting or you will come late.
A. measure B. maintain C. confirm D. mend
2. All of his friends came and __________ him on his success.
A. concentrated B. melt C. congratulated D. mounted
3. The team ________ twenty young people who were carefully chosen for the work.
A. faces up to B. gets across C. gives rise to D. consists of
4. That country was _________ by the Allies in the Second World War.
A. persisted B. condensed C. persuaded D. conquered
5. The ________ expressed their passive view about the government’s policy.
A. critics B. politics C. economics D. tractors
6. At that time work was mainly ______ to slaves in that society.
A. blamed B. complained C. restricted D. expected
7. I didn’t expect to ________ my teacher in the street yesterday.
A. refer to B. wok with C. deal with D. run into
8. A sign announcing “No Meeting” was _________ on the door.
A. removed B. hung C. delayed D. panted
9. She has _________ a large sum of money from her father.
A. inherited B. presented C. hosted D. turned
10. The manager has to be _________ because he could not keep his promise.
A. replaced B. pasted C. frightened D. patched
11. At this moment, they are still __________ with many economic problems.
A. centered B. believed C. referred D. confronted
12. The conference was ____________ by one hundred experts in this field.
A. announced B. declined C. attended D. planned
13. It is believed that _______ spending will certainly lead to the bankrupt.
A. natural B. mysterious C. moist D. excessive
14. With a _________, he didn’t care about what his friend said.
A. contempt B. motivation C. reception D. realization
15. The guests are often very well _________ by the host in that city.
A. recovered B. refreshed C. reassured D. entertained
16. The medical report confirms that the flu has __________ almost everyone in this area.
A. infected B. raised C. recommended D. insulated
17. From the passage we can ________ that this disease can be cured.
A. insult B. inspire C. refuse D. infer
18. As the price keeps going up, _______ has turn into double figures.
A. recreation B. inflation C. refuge D. reduction
19. The ______ of jet travel has made the world seem smaller.
A. remark B. relationship C. removal D. innovation
20. The factors which would influence the learning will _____ with each other.
A. interact B. install C. innovate D. intend
答案：
Vocabulary Test 3
1 题：答案为C。measure 测量;maintain 保持;confirm 确认;mend 修补。
2 题：答案为C。concentrate 集中精力; melt 溶化;congratulate 庆祝;mount 簦上。
3 题：答案为D。face up to 面对;get across 克服;give rise to 引起;consist of 组成。
4 题：答案为D。persist 坚持;condense 压缩;persuade 说服;conquer 打败，征服。
5 题：答案为A。critic 评论者;politics 政治;economics 经济学;tractor 拖拉机。
6 题：答案为C。blame 指责;complain 抱怨;restrict 限制;expect 期待。
7 题：答案为D。refer to 指;wok with 与…工作;deal with 处理;run into 碰见。
8 题：答案为B。remove 移开;hang 挂;delay 推迟;pant 喘气。
9 题：答案为A。inherit 继承;present 展示;host 主持;turn 转动。
10 题：答案为A。replace 取代;paste 贴;frighten 恐吓;patch 修补。
11 题：答案为D。center 围绕;believe 相信;refer 特指;confront 面对。
12 题：答案为C。announce 声明;decline 下降;attend 参加;plan 计划。
13 题：答案为D。natural 自然的;mysterious 神秘的;moist 潮湿的;excessive 超量的。
14 题：答案为A。contempt 蔑视;motivation 动机;reception 招待;realization 实现。
15 题：答案为D。recover 恢复;refresh 提神;reassure 确保;entertain 招待。
16 题：答案为A。infect 感染;raise 扶养;recommend 推荐;insulate 绝缘。
17 题：答案为D。insult 侮辱;inspire 激励;refuse 拒绝;infer 暗示。
18 题：答案为B。recreation 娱乐;inflation 通货膨胀;refuge 避难处;reduction 减少。
19 题：答案为D。remark 评论;relationship 关系;removal 去掉;innovation 发明。
20 题：答案为A。interact 相互作用;install 安装;innovate 创新;intend 打算。
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