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公共英语阅读理解真题及答案

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“ff19890815”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了10篇公共英语阅读理解真题及答案，下面是小编整理后的公共英语阅读理解真题及答案，欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴，欢迎大家分享。

公共英语阅读理解真题及答案

篇1：公共英语阅读理解真题及答案

公共英语阅读理解真题及答案

第一节短文理解

阅读下面短文，从A.(Right)、B.(Wrong)、C.(Doesn’t say)三个判断中选择一个正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Every Tuesday, Carina goes to work in a bank. She knows all her customers (顾客)very well, because they are her classmates. In fact, Carina and her customers are all 10 years old.

Carina' s bank is in a school in Chicago. The bank is a branch(分支) of a national(国家的)bank, but the “children run it themselves. It is open for 30 minutes a week. Every Tuesday morning, Carina opens the bank. Her classmates put their money in or take their money out. The bank pays interest to them.

The idea for a school bank came from their teacher, Mr. Harry Bassett. Mr. Bassett took his idea to the national bank. The bank agreed to his plan. ”We want to give the children a chance to learn about money,“ said Mr. Bassett. ”We are training them to look after their money carefully. “

The next plan for the school bank is a credit card. ”Many people in the USA don' t use credit cards very well,“ said Mr. Bassett. ”our school bank will give the pupils some practice in using credit cards. “ Pupils will be able to buy school meals and books with the credit cards.

56. The school bank opens once a week.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn' t say

57. Mr. Bassett is a bank cashier.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn' t say

58. Carina suggested opening the school bank.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn' t say

59. The pupils are trained to take care of their money.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn' t say

60. The pupils' parents are happy with the bank' s credit card plan.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn' t say

参考答案：

第一节短文理解

每周二，卡琳娜都会去银行上班。她了解她所有的客户，因为他们都是她的同学。事实上，卡琳娜和她的.客户都是l0岁的孩子。

卡琳娜所在的银行位于芝加哥的一所学校里。这所银行是国家银行的一个分支，但都是孩子们在经营。它每周开放30分钟。每周二上午，卡琳娜会开门营业。她的同学们前往银行存钱或取钱。银行付给他们利息。

学校银行的理念来自于他们的老师——哈里·巴西特先生。他向国家银行提出了这个理念。国家银行同意了他的计划。“我们想给孩子们一个学习金钱知识的机会，”巴西特先生说。“我们正在训练孩子们自己管理他们的零花钱。”

学校银行的下一个计划是信用卡。“美国很多人都不太会使用信用卡，”巴西特先生说。“我们学校银行会让学生们参与一些信用卡使用实践。”学生们可以在学校刷信用卡用餐、买书。

56.A【精析】句意：学校银行每周开放一次。是非题。从文章第一段第一句“Every Tuesday，Carina goes to work in a bank.”可以推断出。本题答案是正确的。故选A。

57.B【精析】句意：巴西特先生是一个银行出纳员。推断题。从文章第三段第一句“The idea for a school bank came from their teacher， Mr.Harry Bassett.”可知，Mr.Bassett是一名老师，故本题答案是错误的。故选B。

58.B【精析】句意：卡琳娜建议开设学校银行。是非题。从文章第三段第一、二句“The idea for a school bank came from their teacher， Mr.Harry Bassett.Mr.Bassett took his idea to the national bank.’’可以推断出，本题答案是错误的。故选B。

59.A【精析】句意：学生们在接受培训，学习保管他们自己的钱。是非题。从文章第三段最后一句“We are training them to look after their money carefully.”可以推断出，本题答案是正确的。故选A。

60.C【精析】句意：学生的父母很满意银行的信用卡计划。推断题。文中并未提及这一点。故选C。

篇2：英语六级阅读理解真题及答案

Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people‘s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well， the air is full of ions， electrically charged particles， and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm， earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral， Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres， or from TV sets， duplicators or computer display screens.

When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches， fatigue， irritability， and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected， particularly before earthquakes， snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation， rats to flee from their burrows， dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.

Conversely， when large numbers of negative ions are present， then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea， close to waterfalls or fountains， or in any place where water is sprayed， or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea， or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.

To increase the supply of negative ions indoors， some scientists recommend the use of ionisers： small portable machines， which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course， there are the detractors， other scientists， who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves， or on others， of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.

1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?

A.They think they are insane.

B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.

C.They become violently sick.

D.They are too tired to do anything.

2.In accordance with the passage， static electricity can be caused by___.

A.using home-made electrical goods.

B.wearing clothes made of natural materials.

C.walking on artificial floor coverings.

D.copying TV programs on a computer.

3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found___.

A.near a pound with a water pump.

B.close to a slow-flowing river.

C.high in some barren mountains.

D.by a rotating water sprinkler.

4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?

A.Ionisers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuum pumps.

5.Some scientists believe that___.

A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography.

B.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted.

C.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable.

D.earthquake

答案：BCDAA

篇3：江苏中考阅读理解真题及答案

江苏中考阅读理解真题及答案

阅读文章，完成下题。

掌心化雪

①这是一个真实的故事。

②她丑得名副其实，肤黑牙突，大嘴暴睛，神情怪异，好像还没发育好的类人猿，又像《西游记》里被孙悟空打死的那个鲇鱼怪。爸爸妈妈都不喜欢她，有了好吃的好玩的，也只给她漂亮的妹妹。她从来都生活在被忽略的角落。

③在学校，丑女孩更是倍受歧视，坐在最后面，守着孤独的世界。有一回，班里最靓的女生和她在狭窄的走廊遇上，一脸鄙夷，小心翼翼地挨着墙走，生怕被她碰着，哪怕是衣角。丑女孩满怀愤懑，又无处诉说，回家躺在黑暗里咬牙切齿，酝酿复仇——她要买瓶硫酸，送给同班的靓女；甚至妹妹也要“变丑”，逼着父母学会一视同仁。

④不是没有犹豫。她一直善良，碰见走失的猫狗都会照顾。于是，她蒙着纱巾，遮盖住丑陋的面孔，去见中科院心理研究所的老师。哪怕对方有丁点厌恶，都足以把她推下悬崖。

⑤老师眼神明净，声音柔和，鼓励她解下纱巾。她踌躇地照做了。老师微笑着起身，走过来，轻轻拥抱住她。那一刻，陌生温暖的怀抱，化解了她身上的戾气，让她莫名落泪。从此，丑女孩一改阴郁仇视的眼神，微笑的她最终被父母、同学接受。

⑥只需一个拥抱，就能改变一个人的一个小时，一天、一个月，乃至一生。

⑦平凡如我们，都需要这样的爱，相互鼓舞慰藉。

⑧记得有一次，我去医院看眼睛，被点了药水之后，刚才熟悉的世界陡然陷入黑暗。身外一片人声扰攘，脚步杂乱，我却战战兢兢不敢举步，恍惚只觉面前横亘万丈深渊。幸好有只手伸过来，轻轻把我送到长椅上坐定。这只陌生的手让我渐渐安心，心情坦然。

⑨我的先生只是市井小人物，但是“无缘大慈，同体大悲”的精神，深入骨髓。他每月工资少得可怜，从不肯乱花一分钱，但是身上总是带着硬币，施与沿途乞讨的老人。有一天，我们结伴回家，他看到一位老人在秋风中双手抱膝，脑袋低垂到胸前，瑟瑟颤抖，马上掏出零钱，又拉着我走到附近一家小吃店，买了几个热包子，放到老人面前。他做这一切都很自然，并不骄矜自喜，反而觉得羞愧，羞愧自己能力不够，无法盖得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。

⑩这个世界流行的是强者和超人，渺小如蝼蚁、脆弱似玻璃的小人物，更需要洞察幽微的眼睛，需要有力的手，带他们走出窘境。假如你碰到黑暗里挣扎的人，请不要背过身去，伸出一只手，就能给对方一个春天，让一颗心慢慢复苏。即使对方并不知道你是谁，也会一直记得你掌心的温度。

?不以善小而不为——一个温暖的眼神，一句轻轻的鼓励，都足以变成一个人心中的蜂飞蝶舞、水绿山蓝。因为现实如此冰冷坚硬，人心更要柔软，好比掌心化雪，滴滴晶莹。

1．作者在文中记叙了三则小故事，请分别用简洁的语言加以概括。

（1）__________________________________

（2）__________________________________

（3）__________________________________

2．结合上下文，发挥想象写一段话，模拟文中那位心理老师的'口吻开导丑女孩。

心理老师对女孩说：_____________________

3．第⑨段中“我”的先生当时为什么“并不骄矜自喜，反而觉得羞愧”？

__________________________________

4．读完全文，谈谈你对题目“掌心化雪”的含义的理解。

__________________________________

5．仿照下面例句，结合文中丑女的遭遇，以“不以恶小而为之”开头，写一句话。

例句：不以善小而不为——个温暖的眼神，一句轻轻的鼓励，都足以变成一个人心中的蜂飞蝶舞，水绿山蓝。

不以恶小而为之——________________

6．本文有不少精彩语言值得品味，请摘录两句你感受最深的句子，并作简要的点评。

摘录：____________________________

赏析：____________________________

答案：

1．（1）心理老师给丑女孩温暖的拥抱，从此改变了她的人生。

（2）“我”在医院滴眼药水暂时失明时得到了热心人的搀扶。

（3）“我”的先生真诚地施与路边乞讨的老人。

2．“略”。

3．因为他有“无缘大慈，同体大悲”的精神，觉得帮助可怜的乞讨老人是不理顺应当的，所以他“并不骄矜自喜”；因为他觉得自己能力有限，无法给予更多更好的帮助，所以“觉得羞愧”。

4．向需要帮助的人伸出温暖的手，用火热的心帮助别人走出困境，融化冰冷的现实。（意思正确即可）5．一个鄙夷的眼神，一种歧视的态度，都足以变成一个人心中的风狂雨骤、天昏地暗。

6．示例：摘录：“假如你碰到黑暗里挣扎的人，请不要背过身去，伸出一只手，就能给对方一个春天，让一颗心慢慢复苏。”

篇4：公共英语一级阅读理解测试试题及答案

测试试题一：

【Meditation in Indonesian Business】

It looked like a typical business meeting.Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table.But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making.But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.

Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants.Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah.These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.

Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past.‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy.Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered.Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation.‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture.Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition.Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful.’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980.Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone.Meditation brought back his peace of mind.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan - the ‘search for the inner self.’

One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking.‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.

1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?

[A] Mysticism.

[B] Religion.

[C] Meditation.

[D] Investment.

2.Whom do they consult?

[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.

[B] Wali Ullah.

[C] Old Kings.

[D] Carnegie.

3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?

[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.

[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.

[C] To show they hired qualified persons.

[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.

4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is

[A] to gain profit from the god.

[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.

[C] to gain foreknowledge.

[D] to gain objective conclusion.

5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?

[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.

[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.

[C] Contact with God.

[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.

Vocabulary

1.file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去

2.Jakarta 雅加达

3.meditate 沉思，冥想，反省

4.Java 爪哇

5.Javanese 爪哇的

6.mysticism 神秘主义

7.boost 促进，增加，提高

8.devout 虔诚的，热诚的

9.appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力

10.legend 传说，神话

11.fasting 禁食，斋戒

12.hold onto 抓紧，保住

13.personnel management system 人事管理制度

14.perspective investment 远景投资

15.venture (商业)投机，风险

16.sharpen 使……敏锐/尖锐，磨尖

17.business slide 买卖/企业滑坡，下滑

18.turn around (生意)好转，转变

19.subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的

20.cybernetics 控制论

21.Carnegie 卡耐基

22.tap 开拓，选择

难句译注

1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.

「参考译文」在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。

2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.

「参考译文」这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。

3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.

「参考译文」恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。(或任人唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。)

4.Search for the inner self.

「参考译文」探索内心的自我。

5.Such approaches as psychocybernetics， Carnegies think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.

「参考译文」类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的办法，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。

写作方法与文章大意

这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方式DD不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。

答案详解

1.C 沉思。这在第一断已有说明。

A.神秘主义。是个总的概念，笼罩生活各方面。而不是具体的做法和重要因素。

B.宗教。

D.投资。

2.A 爪哇古代帝王之精灵。答案在第一段。

B.Wali Ullah是指印度商人。这些虔诚的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成为接近主的人。传说神话也把先知的力量归功于Wali Ullah.

C.老帝王。

D.卡耐基，1835-1919是生于苏格兰的美国钢铁工业家和慈善家。他有一套管理企业的办法，称为卡耐基思想(管理法)。

3.B 他们也重视资历、才能。这在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko讲话清楚说明“如果我们要雇佣管理人员，我们就一起沉思，常常会有这种信息来临：这个人不能管理钱财或者他不可靠。也可能神灵告诉我们应当雇佣他。接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件仍是正式资历“。

A.他认为神秘主义不像想象中那么好。

C.表明他们雇佣人才。上下文说明，他所以补充是说明他们也重视资格。

D.表明科学管理和宗教结合的可能性。Hadisike语中没有这种意思。但不能说他们雇佣人才不管宗教。

4.B 得到冷静头脑来决策。这在第三段后半部分讲到。“远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。和过去领袖的接触会是你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者说每星期的沉思会主要目标是带来一个平静的头脑，作出好决策。”

A.从上帝那里得到利润。

C.取得先知。不对，先知的能力归于Wali Ullah.

D.得到客观的结论。文内只提到，头脑放松容易客观地判断投资风险与否，并不是客观的结论。

5.B 没有沉思和斋戒的常规作生意。见第三段中，神秘的沉思帮助扭转公司生意滑坡而正常买卖步骤，这一年就损失了300万美元。这两句对比的话说明B项内容。

A.采用西方买卖方式(交易方式)。文内没有点明正常就是西方方式。

C.和上帝接触。

D.知人善任。

测试试题二：

【The only way to travel is on foot】

The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.

The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world - or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there’ - meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ’

When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.

1、Anthorpologists label nowaday’s men ‘Legless’ because

A people forget how to use his legs.

B people prefer cars, buses and trains.

C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.

D there are a lot of transportation devices.

2、Travelling at high speed means

A people’s focus on the future.

B a pleasure.

C satisfying drivers’ great thrill.

D a necessity of life.

3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’ ?

A People won’t use their eyes.

B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.

C People can’t see anything on his way of travel.

D People want to sleep during travelling.

4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?

A Legs become weaker.

B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.

C There is no need to use eyes.

D The best way to travel is on foot.

5. What does ‘a bird’s-eye view’ mean?

A See view with bird’s eyes.

B A bird looks at a beautiful view.

C It is a general view from a high position looking down.

D A scenic place.

VOCABULARY

1.Palaeolithic 旧石器时代的

2.Neolithic 新石器时代的

3.escalator 自动电梯，自动扶梯

4.ski-lift 载送滑雪者上坡的装置

5.mar 损坏，毁坏

6.blur 模糊不清，朦胧

7.smear 涂，弄脏，弄模糊(尤指画面、轮廓等)

8.evocative 引起回忆的，唤起感情的

9.El Dorado (由当时西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黄金国，宝山，富庶之乡

10.Kabul 喀布尔(阿富汗首都)

11.Irkutsk 伊尔库茨克(原苏联亚洲城市)

难句译注与答案详解

The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路

难句译注

1. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world C or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.

【参考译文】飞机旅行，你只可俯视世界DD如果机翼碰巧挡住了你的视线，就看得更少了。

2.When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows.

【参考译文】如果乘车或火车旅行，郊外模糊朦胧的景象不断地掠过窗口。

写作方法与文章大意

文章以因果写作方法，写出了由于种种现代化交通设施、人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机……，车、机速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼成为“无脚之人”。一切都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步DD经历现实。

答案详解

1.A 人们忘了用脚。答案在第一段：人类学家把以往年代的人们分别标上旧石器时代、新石器时代人，等等。干脆利落地总结了一个时期。当他们转向20世纪，他们肯定会标上“无脚的人”。因为在20世纪，人们忘了如何用脚走路。男人女人早年外出就坐车、公共汽车、火车。大楼里由电梯、自动扶梯，不需要人们走路。即使度假期间，他们也不用脚。他们筑有缆车道、滑雪载车和路直通山顶。所有的风景旅游区都有大型的汽车停车场。

B．人们喜欢汽车、公交车、火车等。

C．电梯、自动扶梯制止人们走路。

D．有许多交通运输工具。

2.A 人们的注意力在未来。见最后一段第一句话：当你高速旅行，现在等于零，你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间盯在前面到达的某个地方。真到了，又没有意义了，你还要再向前进。

B．是一种欢乐。

C．满足司机强烈的渴望。第二段中提及死机醉心于开车、不停车但不是快速前进着眼于未来。

D．生活的需要。这一条在第一段中提及这种情况是因为他们那异常的生活方法强加给时代的居民。这是指不用脚走路，而用一切代步器DD交通运输工具，不是开快车。

3.C 人们在旅行途中什么都见不到。答案在第二段，由一地转向另一地，路上你什么都没有见到。乘飞机你只能俯视世界，火车，汽车，只见外界朦胧景象掠过窗子。海上旅游，只见到海。“我到过那里”此话含义就是“我以一小时一百英里在去某某地方时经过那里”。正因为如此，作者指出将来的历史书上会记录下：我们被剥夺了眼睛的应用。

A．人们不愿用眼睛。

B．在高速旅行中，眼睛没有用了。

D．旅行中，人们想睡觉。

4.D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分别讲述了旅行可不用脚、不用眼等情况。第三段，在讲述了人们只知向前向前，一切经历都停滞，现实不再是现实，还不如死的好。而用脚走路的旅行者总是生活再现实，对他来说旅行和到达是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整个身体去体验现在时刻、旅行终点，他感到全身舒坦愉悦的疲劳，美美享受满足的酣睡;一切真正旅行者的真实报偿。这一段就是作者写文章的目的DD走路是旅行的最佳方式。

A．脚变得软弱无力。

B．现代交通工具把世界变小。

C．没有必要用眼睛。

5.C 从高出向下看的景致：俯视。

A．用鸟的眼睛看景点。

B．鸟在看美景。

D．风景点。

1.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题及答案

2.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题（附答案）

3.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题及答案

4.公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题及答案

5.公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题（附答案）

6.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题

7.公共英语三级阅读理解试题及答案

8.公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案

9.公共英语三级作文试题及答案

10.初二英语试题 Experiences测试题及答案

篇5：英语六级阅读理解真题卷及答案-1

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

In the past 12 months,Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a sliding currency, and a prolonged fuel shortage. Now, Africa’s largest in facing a food crisis as major tomato fields have been destroyed by an insect,leading to a nationwide shortage and escalating prices.

The insect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria's largest tomato producing state, leading the government there to declare a state of

26 .The insect, also known as the tomato leaf miner, devastates crops by 27 on fruits and digging into and moving through stalks.It 28 incredibly quickly,

breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable. it is believed to have 29 in South America in the early 1900s, and later spread to Europe before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa.

In Nigeria, where tomatoes are a staple of local diets,the insect's effects are devastating. Retail prices for a 30 of tomatoes at local markets have risen from $0. 50 to $2.50. Farmers are reporting steep losses and a new $20 million tomato-paste factory has 31 production due to the shortages.

Given the moth's ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria's minister of agriculture, has warned that the pest may”create serious problems for food 32 “in the country.Ogbeh says experts are investigating how to control the pest’s damage and prevent its spread, which has gone largely 33 until now.

Despite being the continent's second-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria is 34 on $1 billion worth of tomato-paste imports every year.as around 75% of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities. A further 35 in local supplies is yet another unwelcome setback to the industry.

A) dependent I)originated

B) Embarking J) reduction

C) emergenc K) reproduces

D) feeding L)security

E) grazes M)terror

F) halted N) unchecked

G) handful O)unchecked

H) multitude

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

who's really addicting you to Technology?

A.”Nearly everyone i know is addicted in some measure to the internet, “wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction

B. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, ”As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.

C.There's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse? To find solutions, it's important to understand what we’re dealing with.There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.

D.The technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows： what the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.

E.Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipula-tion--making，products so good that people can't stop using them. after studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned it all starts with the business model. since these services rely on advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they make.It’s no winder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.

F.However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay.For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check.According to adam marchick, ceo of mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset trigger.Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.

G.While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the most habit-forming medium of all.We check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed, but why? Because that's what the boss wants.For almost all white-collar jobs, A slow

Response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.

H.Your friends are also responsible.Think about this familiar scene.People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what.Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.

I.Now imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person belches(打嗝)-loudly.Everyone notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. one has to wonder why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.

J.The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.

K.The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves scrutiny--the person holding the phone.

L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so i began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escape discomfort.temporarlly.by answering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so-called“research. ”though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, i finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination(拖延)

M.it's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new. Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things agninst our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and minds,if we weren’t on our devices. We’d likely do similarly unproductive.

N.personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.

O.These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that’s responsible for our habits. our workplace culture, social norns and individual behaviors all play a part to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.

36.Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.

37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.

38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching

39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.

40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet distractions

41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.

42.The great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.

43.The internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.

44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should

45.White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employers

篇6：历年高考真题：语文阅读理解及答案

历年高考真题：语文阅读理解及答案(6)

瓦

王剑冰

①瓦是屋子上面的田地，一垄一垄，长满了我的怀想。离开好久了，怀想还在上面摇曳着。

②我不能进入瓦的内部，不知道瓦为什么是那种颜色。在中原，最黄最黄的土烧成的瓦，也还是瓦的颜色。

③瓦完成了我们的先人对于土与火的最本质的认知。

④当你对瓦有了依赖的时候，你便对它有了敬畏。在高处看，瓦是一本打开的书。我拆过瓦，屋顶搭下来的长板上，瓦像流水一样滑落，手不敢怠慢，一块块像码字样将它们码在一起。

⑤屋子一直在漏。雨从瓦的缝上淌下来，娘要上到屋子上面去。娘说，我上去看看，肯定是瓦的事。雨下了一个星期了，城外已成泽国，人们涌到城里，挤满了街道的屋檐和学校走廊，后来学校也停课了，水漫进了院子。我说娘你要小心。娘哗哗地踏着积水走到房基角，从一个墙头上到房上去。我站在屋子里，看到一片瓦在移动，又一片瓦动过之后，屋子里的“雨”停止了，那一刻我感到了瓦的'力量。

⑥鳞是鱼的瓦，甲是兵的瓦，娘是我们家的瓦。

⑦风撞在瓦上，跌跌撞撞地发出怪怪的声音。那是风与瓦语言上的障碍。风改变不了瓦的方向，风只能改变自己。瓦的翅膀在晚间巨大的空间飞翔。

⑧屋不嫌瓦丑，屋子实在支撑不住了，将瓦卸下，做好下面的东西再将卸下的瓦盖上去。瓦是最慢的事物，从第一片瓦盖上屋顶起，瓦就一直保持了它的形态，到机器瓦的出现，已经过去了两千年时光。

⑨我一直不知道由土而成为瓦，是物理变化还是化学变化，叫做瓦的物质，竟然那么坚硬，能够抵挡上百年岁月。瓦最终从颓朽的屋顶上滑落，在地上落成一抔土，那土便又回到田地去，重新培养一株小苗。瓦的意义合并着物理和化学双重的意义。

⑩在人们走入钢筋水泥的生活前，瓦坚持了很久，瓦最终受到了史无前例的伤害。

⑾一个孤寡老人走了，仅有的财产是茅屋旁的一堆瓦，那是他多年的积蓄，每捡回一片较为完整的瓦，他都要摆放在那里，他对瓦有着什么情结或是寄望？他走了，那堆瓦还在那里等着他，瓦知道老人的心思。

⑿邻家在瓦上焙鸡胗，瓦的温度在上升，鸡胗的香味浮上来，钻进我的嗅觉，我的胃里发出阵阵声响，鸡胗越发黄了起来，而瓦却没有改变颜色。瓦的忍耐力很强。

⒀下雨了，我顶着一片瓦跑回家去，雨在地上冒起了泡泡，那片瓦给了我巨大的信心，我快速地跑着，我的头上起了白烟，闪电闪在身后。

⒁瓦藏在草中。一坡萎顿又复生的草，一片不再完整的瓦，不知道谁将它遗失，它一定承受过很长的岁月，没有可去处，不在这里又会去哪里呢？草里埋着各种形态的瓦。这是一个废墟。我看到了瓦下面的时光、欢乐甚至痛苦。

⒂一片瓦在湖上飞。水上起了波澜，波澜变成花朵，瓦沉在花朵下面，等待重新开花。

⒃一条狗衔着一片瓦跑过来。不知道狗对这片瓦有什么情愫，难道它认得这瓦或这瓦的主人？

⒄我不知道瓦的发音是如何出现的。瓦——，我感到那般亲切。好久听不到这种亲切了，或以后愈加听不到这种亲切了。（摘编自《人民日报》）

13、下列对作品的概括和分析，不正确的两项是（）（5分）

A、文章开篇运用比喻，引出我对“瓦”的怀想。“长满”形象地写出“怀想”的丰富，“摇曳”写出了“怀想”的不时浮现。

B、第④段说“瓦是一本打开的书”，既形象地写出屋顶上“瓦”的形态，也为下文叙写瓦在人们生活中的种种作用张本。

C、第⑤段描写“娘”在雨中修复屋顶这一细节，意在抒发“我”对“娘”的感激之情，表达“我”对“娘”的深切怀念。

D、第⑦段说“风改变不了瓦的方向”，突出了瓦坚定不移的品性；“瓦的翅膀在晚间巨大的空间飞翔”，写出了瓦的灵性。

E、文章运用托物言志的手法，写出了瓦的朴实无华与充满力量，启迪人们应该像瓦一样脚踏实地，充实自我，有所贡献。

【解析】选C E。（5分）（答对一项得3分，答对两项得5分。）

14、“鳞是鱼的瓦，甲是兵的瓦，娘是我们家的瓦”这句话在文中有何作用？请简要分析。（4分）

【解析】【参考答案】【要点】①结构上，收束上文，点明瓦的保护功能。②内容上，强调瓦对人来说是不可或缺的，表达了人们对瓦的依赖与敬畏之情。（4分）（意思对即可。）

15、请根据文本，探析“我看到了瓦下面的时光、欢乐甚至痛苦”这句话的涵义。（6分）

【解析】【参考答案】【要点】①（客观方面）对于土与火的结晶，先人早就有了认知；在漫长的岁月中，瓦已融入人们生活的方方面面。②（主观方面）人们在生活中对瓦有着复杂的感情：既赞美瓦的无私，感激瓦带来的快乐，也为瓦即将被取代而伤感难舍。（6分）（意思对即可。其他理解，言之成理亦可）

篇7：历年高考真题：语文阅读理解及答案

阅读下面的作品，完成11～14 题。

何容何许人也老舍

粗枝大叶的我可以把与我年纪相仿佛的好友们分为两类。第一类是因经济的压迫或别种原因，没有机会充分发展自己的才力。第二类差不多都是悲剧里的角色。他们是旧时代的弃儿，新时代的伴郎。这些人们带着满肚子的委屈，而且还得到处扬着头微笑，好像天下与自己都很太平似的。何容兄是这样朋友中的一位代表。

他没有一点“新”气，更提不到“洋”气。他的“古道”使他柔顺像个羊，同时能使他硬如铁。当他硬的时候，不要说巴结人，就是泛泛的敷衍一下也不肯。在他柔顺的时候，他的感情完全受着理智的调动：比如说友人的小孩病得要死，他能昼夜的去给守着，而面上老是微笑，希望他的笑能减少友人一点痛苦;及至友人们都睡了，他才独对着垂死的小儿落泪。反之，对于他以为不是东西的人，他全任感情行事，不管人家多么难堪。

怎样能被他“承认”呢?第一个条件是光明磊落。所谓光明磊落就是一个人能把旧礼教中那些舍己从人的地方用在一切行动上。而且用得自然单纯，不为着什么利益与必期的效果。光明磊落使他不能低三下四的求爱，使他穷，使他的生活没有规律，使他不能多写文章——非到极满意不肯寄走，改、改、改，结果文章失去自然的风趣。作什么他都出全力，为是对得起人，而成绩未必好。可是他愿费力不讨好，不肯希望“歪打正着”。他不常喝酒，一喝起来他可就认了真，喝酒就是喝酒;醉?活该!在他思索的时候，他是心细如发。他以为不必思索的事，根本不去思索，譬如喝酒，喝就是了，管它什么。他的心思忽细忽粗，正如其为人忽柔忽硬。他并不是疯子，但是这种矛盾的现象，使他“阔”不起来。对于自己物质的享受，他什么都能将就;对于择业择友，一点也不将就。他用消极的安贫去平衡他所不屑的积极发展。无求于人，他可以冷眼静观宇宙了，所以他幽默。他知道自己矛盾，也看出世事矛盾，他的风凉话是含着这双重的苦味。

是的，他不像别的朋友们那样有种种无法解决的，眼看着越缠越紧而翻不起身的事。以他来比较他们，似乎他还该算个幸运的。可是我拿他作这群朋友的代表。正因为他没有显然的困难，他的悲哀才是大家所必不能避免的，不管你如何设法摆脱。他的默默悲哀是时代与个人都微笑不语，看到底谁能再敷衍下去。①他要想敷衍呢，他便须和一切妥协：旧东西中的好的坏的，新东西中的好的坏的，一齐等着他给喊好;自要他肯给它们喊好，他就颇有希望成为有出路的人。他不能这么办。同时他也知道毁坏了自己并不是怎样了不得的事，他不因不妥协而变成永不洗脸的名士。怎办呢?他只交下几个好朋友，大家到一块儿，有的说便说，没的说彼此就愣着也好。他也教书，也编书，月间进上几十块钱就可以过去。他不讲穿，不讲究食住，外表上是平静沉默，心里大概老有些人家看不见的风浪。真喝醉了的时候也会放声的哭，也许是哭自己，也许是哭别人。

②他知道自己的毛病，所以不吹腾自己的好处。不过，他不想改他的毛病，因为改了毛病好像就失去些硬劲儿似的。努力自励的人，假若没有脑子，往往比懒一些的更容易自误误人。何容兄不肯拿自己当个猴子耍给人家看。好、坏，何容是何容：他的微笑似乎表示着这个。

他喜爱北平，大概最大的原因是北平有几位说得来的朋友。

一九三五年十二月

11.“他们是旧时代的弃儿，新时代的伴郎。”请分析这句话在文中的作用。(4 分)

【答案】点题;引领全文。(每点2分)

【解析】这句话，是对文题的回答，所以是点题;同时引出后面的“何容兄”，从而引出下文写何容兄的性格特点。

【评价】本题属于“作用题”，答案应涉及两大方面——“内容上”和“结构上”，但所给答案只是结构方面的，不涉及内容方面(当然，有人将“点题”视为内容)。而且“引领全文”似是错误答案，因为若是引领全文，则全文得写“他们是旧时代的弃儿，新时代的伴郎”，然而下文却不是这么写的。所以答案应该改为：

内容上：是对何容等一类人是何许人进行回答，并引出“何容兄”。

结构上：点题;引出下文写何容兄的性格特点。(1点1分)

12.文章多处描述了何容身上“矛盾的现象”，请分别从交往、生活、心理三个方面加以概括。(4分)

【答案】交往：柔顺像个羊，同时硬如铁。生活：不常喝酒，一喝起来就认真。心理：心思忽细忽粗。外表平静沉默，内心矛盾痛苦。(1点1分)

【解析】本题属于概括题，其要点依据题目提示可在原文中找到答案，均分布于第二段至第四段中，而且都是作者的评价语(议论性语句)，只是要答出“矛盾”的双方来，所以审题相当重要。

【评点】此题其实是人物形象题，文章虽在语言表达上有些当时的口语化色彩，与我们相距有点远，但亦是容易读懂的，因而不存在答题难度。

13.联系文中两处画线的句子，请分析“好、坏，何容是何容：他的微笑似乎表示着这个”这句话，并说明它表现了何容什么性格特点?(6分)

【答案】不管别人如何评价，何容都坦然地展示个性。性格特点：坚持自我，不妥协、不改变。

【解析】“好、坏，何容是何容：……”与文中两处划线句，都是讲何容的性格特点的：第一处划线是言其“不妥协”，第二处划线是言其“不改变”，“何容是何容”暗含“坚持自我”。而“他的微笑”则是讲其能坦然面对一切;对于“好、坏”，“何容是何容”，则还含有“置之不理”之意。能抓住这些或明或暗的信息，此题得分应该相当不错。

【评点】此题有两问：第一问实际是含义题;第二问仍是人物形象题。回答这两问，题干提示联系文中两处画线句，其意在给考生以作答的方向或者说是暗示，因而其难度并不是很大，关键是在审题上是否能审题准确。

14.“他喜爱北平，大概最大的原因是北平有几位说得来的朋友”，探究文章最后一句的内涵。(6分)

【答案】①说明朋友是何容精神和情感的寄托。②表露出作者对何容的理解、认可之意。③表明作者也是像何容这样的人。④暗示了何容对时世的失望。

【解析】探究句子的内涵，首先要考虑句子的含义，而后要考虑作者的情感态度、写作意图。

【评点】此题出得是相当巧妙的，因为在必修教材中有老舍的一篇散文《想北平》，这难道不是一种有意而为之?不过答案①和④应放在一起来答，这样似乎更好些。

【总评】这篇散文选得有点出人意料，甚像实用类文本阅读;题目设置很讲人文关怀，处处给予提示，不设置审题障碍，这是继20xx年高考以来的所体现出的命题者越来越广阔的胸襟，值得称赞!但第11题，在答案的设置上是有些问题的，恳请命题人能关注或者深入一线教学，让命题跟实际教与学贴合得更紧一些!

篇8：英语六级阅读理解真题卷及答案-2

Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)

Section A

The pacific island nation of palau has become home to the sixth largest marine

world. the new marine reserve, now the largest in the pacific, will--26-- no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world, first shark sanctuary in .

The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its maritime --27--, for full protection, that's the highest percentage of an--28 --economic zone devoted to remaining 20 percent of the palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale-- 29-- fishing businesses with limited exports.

“island --30--have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing theocean, ”said president.Tommy remengesau jr in a statement. “creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of palau recognise as 31 to our survival. we want to lead the way in restoring the health of the occan for future generation

Palau has only been an_ 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. it is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.

Senator hokkons baules lead 33 of the palau national marine sanctuary act, said the sanctuary willhelp build a- 34 future for the palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our past”. these include the centuries-old custom of“”, where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35 an opportunity to replenish(补充).

a)allocate

b) celebrities

c)commercial

d)communities

e)essential

f)exclusive

g)independent

h) indulge

i)permit

j)secure

k) solitary

L)spectacle

m)sponsor

n)stocks

o)temitory

Data sharing: an open mind on open date

[ A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a'crisis' incience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.

[B] the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since , global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to reseach.on the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.

[C] one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science. and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement's benefits such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.

[D] some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repar open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an“,badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to .

[E] funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的) funders, including the bill Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the wellcome trust in london, alopen data from their grant recipients.

[F] but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head's grant may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.

[G] some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career.” Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.

[H] researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. “”with my institution and teaching load, i don't have postdocs and grad students“, says terry mcglynn, a tropical biologist at california state university,Dominguez hills. ”the stakes are higher to share data because it's a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.

[I] researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view.Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库 ), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.

[J] the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues many of whom head selection and promotion teesht ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. “i've heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, ”says ram. “the concem seems to be that open advocates don't spend their time being as productive as possible.”

[ K]an open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the university of florida, gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don't . “ there a new area to navigate-'are you cool with the fact that i'll want to make the data open?'-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, ”she says.

[L] despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned.

Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software.in addition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.

[M] many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. “this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). ” says ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the naional institute of aquatic resot

Research secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. “the two cases i'm familiar with didn't involve open data or code, ”he says.

[N] Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the palying field by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the university of cambrige,UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil others' data. he says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a commom practice of shutting out early-career scientists' requests for data.

[O] communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says,Concems about open should be discussed at the outset of a study. “whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them, he says.

[p] in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition--a crucial component of success. ”the thing you are searching for reputation“ says titus brown,a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,.”to get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a larger phere, outside the communities you know- is a net win.“

36. astronomer david hogg doesn't think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.

37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them

38. some psychology joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.

39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.40. sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation

41. data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations

42. scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing

43. potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project

44. sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming

45. junior researehers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.

Section c

Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage one

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

In the beginning of the movie, robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water-del spooner or a child. even though spooner screams”save her save her! “the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to sarah's 11 percent. the robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question:

would humans make the same choice? and which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?

Isaac asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law i; and 3. robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws i or 2. these laws are programmed into asimov's robots-they don' t have to think, judge, or value. they don't have to like humans or believe that wrong or bad. they simply don't do it.

The robot who rescues spooner s life in / robot follows asimov's zeroth law: robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humansor allow humanity to come to harm--an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. under the first law,a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zeroth law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others.

Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as asimov's laws is debatable a word such as”harm“is vague (what about emotional harm is replacing a human employ harm), and abstract concepts present coding problems. the robots in asimov's fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situation.

Assessing situations can be complicated. a robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possibe outcomes for various scenarios,Its doubtful that a computer program can do that-aleast, not without some undesirable results. a roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory programmed a robot to save hur

oxies(5) called”“from danger. when one h-boheaded for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. but when two h-bots became percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both”die. “the experiment highlights the importance of morality without it, how can a robot

decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?

46. what question does the example in the movie raise?

a) whether robots can reach better decisions

b) whether robots follow asimov's zero”

d) how robots should be programmed.

47. what does the author think of asimovs three laws of robotics?

a) they are apparently divorced from reality.

b)they did not follow the coding system of robotics.

c)they laid a solid foundation for robotics.

d) they did not take moral issues into consideration.

48. what does the author say about asimov's robots?

a they know what is good or bad for human beings

b)they are programmed not to hurt human begings

c)they perform duties in their owners'best interest.

d)they stop working when a moral issue is involved.

49. what does the author want to say by mentioning the word“harm”in asimov's laws?

a)abstract concepts are hard to program.

b) it is hard for robots to make decisions

c) robots may do harm in certain situations

d) asimov's laws use too many vague terms

50. what has the roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory found in his experiment.

a)robots can be made as intelligent as human begings some day

b) robots can have moral issues encoded into their program

c)robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarion.

d)robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils.

篇9：英语六级阅读理解真题卷及答案-3

who's really addicting you to Technology?

A.“Nearly everyone i know is addicted in some measure to the internet, ”wrote tony Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction

B. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article, “As I was reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek my email.

Response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.

L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know why so i began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escape discomfort.temporarlly.by answering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so-called”research. "though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, i finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age.technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination(拖延)