4月英语自考试题答案
“隔壁家的小明”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了12篇4月英语自考试题答案，下面小编给大家整理后的4月英语自考试题答案，希望大家喜欢！
篇1：4月英语自考试题答案
4月英语自考试题答案
单项选择题
1._______ at all is worth doing well.
A. Whatever is worth doing B. That is worth doing C. What is worth doing it D. Whatever is worth doing it
2.He bought a house for his children ________.
A. lived in B. to live in C. lived D. to live
3.By the middle of the 21st century，the vast majority of the world‘s population will be living in cities _______ in the country.
A. other than B. more than C. better than D. rather than
4.People appreciate _______ with him because he is knowledgeable and humorous.
A. talking B. talked C. talk D. to talk
5.Imports will be allowed in proportion _______ exports.
A. to B. for C. out D. of
6.They built a highway _______ the mountains.
A. lead into B. to lead into C. led into D. leading into
7.It _______ for two hours now.
A. rains B. is raining C. has rained D. has been raining
8.The girl was lucky enough to _______ the bad men and ran away.
A. break away B. break away from C. break out D. break into
9.The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door _______， _______ there for a while and then entered it.
A. open; to stand B. opening; stood C. open; stood D. opened; standing
10._______ the new plan can be carried out will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whether
11.Neither English nor Chinese ________ difficult to learn.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
12.It is obvious how bad movies will impact ________ children.
A. on B. to C. with D. in
13.The Roman goddess Venus is identified _______ the Greek goddess Aphrodite.
A. with B. by C. for D. to
14.He declined _______ more about it.
A. say B. to say C. said D. saying
15.The government called out policemen to suppress the riot.
A. 政府派警察镇压**
B. 政府把警察叫出来镇压**
C. 政府给警察打电话让他们出去压迫**
D. 政府高喊要警察出去镇压**
16.The new laws threaten to deprive many people _______ the most elementary freedoms.
A. from B. for C. of D. about
17._______ he has enough money to buy the house， it doesn‘t mean he’s going to do so.
A. Grant B. Granted that C. Having Granted that D. Grant that
18.The reply， when it finally came， was ________ the negative.
A. for B. into C. in D. with
19.I don‘t mind _______ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
20._______ for a long time， most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
21.—— We have to stop talking here outside. Listen， _______!
—— Hurry up， or we‘ll be late.
A. There goes the bell B. There does the bell go C. There the bell goes D. Goes the bell there
22.The factory _______ we‘ll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
23.—Why didn‘t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _______ enough money.
A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
24.There was so much noise that the speaker couldn‘t make himself ________.
A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear
25.This is an important problem _______ too few social scientists have researched.
A. which B. that C. into that D. into which
26.They ________ extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training.
A. undertake B. undergo C. underplay D. underuse
27.They will get the preparation done early in May.
A. 他们五月初就能让别人准备完工作
B. 他们五月初就能准备好工作
C. 他们早在五月份就能把准备工作做完
D. 他们五月初就能把准备工作做完
28.Weather _______， we‘ll go out for a walk.
A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. for permitting
29.I don‘t think the charge for overhauling the equipment is excessive in _______ to its size.
A. correspondence B. equation C. proportion D. dimension
30.It is difficult to understand this kind of _______ calculation.
A. intricate B. varied C. indispensable D. equable
31._______ for the free ticket， I would not have gone to see film so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
32.Nobody but you _______ what he said.
A. agrees with B. agrees out C. agree with D. agree to
33.—David has made great progress recently.
—_______， and _______.
A. So he has;so you have B. So he has;so have you C. So he has;so do you D. So has he;so you have
34.The engineer ______ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
35._______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
36.Happiness doesn‘t always _______ money.
A. go through B. go in for C. go with D. go over
37.We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was ofgreat value.
A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept
38.That is the house _______ you can enjoy the scenery.
A. in that B. that C. which D. from which
39.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
40.There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming _______ an excess of it.
A. other than B. rather than C. in place of D. instead
答案：
单项选择题
1.正确答案：A答案解析：句意为“凡是值的做的，就值得好好去做。”本题注意的是：这个句型中的动名词是用主动形式表示被动意义。
2.正确答案：B答案解析：本题属于动词不定式复合结构做后置定语。in不可省略。句意：他买了一套房子给孩子们住。
3.正确答案：D答案解析：本题考查词组辨析。rather than：与其…(不如);不是…(而是)。句意：到二十一世纪中叶，世界上大多数人口将生活在城市而不是农村。
4.正确答案：A答案解析：appreciate doing sth. 愿意，喜欢做某事。句意：人们喜欢同他交谈是因为他既博学又幽默。
5.正确答案：A答案解析：in proportion to：按…的比例，与…成正比。
6.正确答案：D答案解析：leading into的逻辑主语是highway，它们之间是主动的关系，所以用动名词形式。句意：他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。
7.正确答案：D答案解析：雨现在还在下，是持续到现在的动作，所以根据句意，用现在完成进行时比较好。
8.正确答案：B答案解析：break away：脱离，逃离，逃走。符合句意。介词from与后面的the bad men连接。break out：爆发。break into：闯入，潜入，破门而入。
9.正确答案：C答案解析：with the door open是with 的复合结构，open 为形容词，表状态; stood与came， entered为并列关系，在句中作谓语。
10.正确答案：D答案解析：句意为“是否执行新的计划将在明天的会议上进行讨论”。因此答案为D.
11.正确答案：C答案解析：neither…nor…是固定搭配，意思是：既不……也不……。它需要遵循就近原则，谓语动词应与Chinese一致，所以答案是C.
12.正确答案：A答案解析：impact有时也可以当作一个动词来用，与之搭配的介词仍然是on.句意：坏电影对儿童会产生什么影响是显而易见的。
13.正确答案：A答案解析：be identified with：和……有联系，被视为与……等同。
14.正确答案：B答案解析：decline后面可以跟动词不定式，其它形式比如ing形式用的很少。
15.正确答案：A答案解析：to suppress the riot在句子中是作目的状语，表示“警察来是镇压**的”，所以答案为A.
16.正确答案：C答案解析：deprive sb of sth：剥夺某人某物。
17.正确答案：B答案解析：Granted that：尽管，即使。
18.正确答案：C答案解析：in the negative：否定的，否决。
19.答案解析：这是一个带有逻辑主语的动名词结构。依据前面所讲，逻辑主语应是一个带有形容词性的物主代词，其后的动词delay也应该是一个动名词。
20.正确答案：D答案解析：There being no rain为 there be句型的独立主格形式。
21.正确答案：A答案解析：在以here， there， up， down， in， on， out， away， off等副词开头的句子里，主语是名词时，句子主谓全部倒装，以示强调。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。
22.正确答案：C答案解析：which是关系代词，在从句中作宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
23.正确答案：D答案解析：第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
24.正确答案：B答案解析：make sb done： 使某人被…
句意：嘈杂声那么大，以至于听众无法听清演讲者的话。
25.正确答案：D答案解析：into which引导的是problem的定语从句。which指代problem，into与research搭配。
26.正确答案：B答案解析：句意：他们经历了大量的并且可能是危险的实际飞行训练。
27.正确答案：D答案解析：首先需要注意early in May表示“五月初”的意思，选项A“让别人准备完”这种表达是不准确的;此外get the preparation done表示的是“把准备工作做完”，选项B的表达不是很准确。
28.正确答案：B答案解析：本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为“天气允许”，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B.
29.正确答案：C答案解析：in proportion to是固定搭配， 意为“与……成比例， 与……相称”。反义语：out of proportion不成比例，不相称。本题译文：我认为该设备的大修费并不过分， 是与它的大小相称的。
30.正确答案：A答案解析：参考译文：很难理解这种错综复杂的计算。intricate 错综复杂的，纠缠不清的; varied 不同的，种种的; indispensable 不可缺少的，绝对必要的; equable 变动甚少的，稳定的。
31.正确答案：C答案解析：从本题后半句可以看出这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中的动词要用“had +过去分词”，如果将if省略，had要位于主语之前，构成倒装句，故本题的'答案是C.Had it not been for the free ticket =If it had not been for the free ticket.
32.正确答案：A答案解析：主语为nobody时，谓语动词用单数，如果主语被but， as wellas， with等短语修饰，谓语仍与主语的数保持一致。该题易误选C、D，选D的原因在于词组记忆不清，用介词to时之后应加具体项目。而选择C就在于误把you作为主语对待了。而实际上nobody才是主语。
33.正确答案：B答案解析：以so开头的句子如果是表示前面所表达的内容也适合于另一个人或物时，句子要用倒装语序，这时前后的主语不一致;但当so开头的句子只是重复前一句的意思，表示“的确”，“如此”，前后主语是同一人或物时，句子不用倒装语序。根据题目的意思，本题的答案是B.
34.正确答案：D答案解析：with whom引导定语从句。with whom放在从句中即为：my father works with the engineer.
35.正确答案：D答案解析：为了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面，尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
36.正确答案：C答案解析：句意：幸福未必总是伴随金钱而来。go with：伴随，与……相配
37.正确答案：B答案解析：本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。dating back to the 16th century的逻辑主语是stone figure.
38.正确答案：D答案解析：句意：你从中能欣赏外面风景的就是这座房子。在定语从句中判断用关系代词还是用关系副词，需要弄明白在从句中需要什么语法成分，也就是说，要看关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分，本题的定语从句中少地点状语，先行词又是表地点的名词，故可选用where.观察四个选项后，我们发现并无where一词，我们可以用“介词+ which”来代替。注意，本句话所表达的应该是：You can enjoy the scenery from the house，故可排除A选项，选D.
39.正确答案：C答案解析：本题考查的是倒装结构的用法。第二分句中因有否定副词never提前，故应用倒装结构;第一分句中的have been married已限定了时态，据此可排除D项。
40.正确答案：B答案解析：rather than 而不是。other than 不同于，除了;in place of 代替;instead 代替。
阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分。下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。）
The Thinking Habit That Changed My Life
I remember one evening three years ago，when my life was very different．I was overweight．I was deeply in debt．I was a smoker．I felt hopeless and helpless．I couldn’t change anything．
Then I looked up at the sky and thought what a miracle life is．And I resolved to list the good things in my life．I had a wonderful wife．I had five amazing children．I could see and appreciate the beauty of the world around me．The list went on，but you get the idea．Even when things seemed terrible for me，actually I was OK．
That night I resolved to be grateful for what I had，and for the people in my life．I started the habit of gratitude．Now many people consider it unimportant．I’m here to tell you that it’s very important．It changes lives．
Now I appreciate my wife Eva more．I feel good about having her in my life．And we have deepened our relationship．I also appreciate my kids more．Instead of criticizing them，I tend to notice their loveliness，curiosity and humor．I’m kinder to others around me，at work and everywhere else，because instead of seeing the faults in everyone，I see the good，and am grateful for them．I need less，because instead of thinking about what I don’t have，I am grateful for what I do have．Each and every moment becomes cause for gratitude，and life becomes easier．
Without the habit of gratitude，we tend to complain and see the bad in people and things．We can’t change that at once，but you can do something．For example，you can start with a small action．Really feel the happiness that something or someone is in your life，or take a moment to make a list of the things in your life that you’re thankful for． 第1题 I was unhappy with my life three years ago．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】由第一段可知，三年前作者的生活是非常困难的，特别是从该段最后两句“I felt hopeless and helpless…anything.”可知，他觉得自己很绝望也很无助，却对此无能为力。由此可判断，作者三年前对生活很不满意。题干的表述与文章一致，故选A。
第2题 I drank every day and couldn’t stop it．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】C
【答案解析】第一段提到了作者吸烟，但文章并没有提到作者每天喝酒，故选C。
第3题 I was unable to support my family．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】C
【答案解析】第一段虽然提到了作者债台高筑，但这一点并不能说明作者无法养家糊口，文章也并没有提到作者无法养家糊口，故选C。
第4题 One evening I came to a new understanding of my life．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】由前三段可知，某天晚上，作者本来对生活感到很不满意，但当他抬头望向天空并思考时，他决定列下生活中一些好的事情，也是在那天晚上作者下决心去感激生活中自己所拥有的一切。由此可知，作者在那天晚上对生活有了新的理解。题干的表述与文章一致，故选A。
第5题 Many people value the habit of gratitude nowadays．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】由第三段第二、三句“I started…many people consider it unimportant.”可知，现在很多人认为保持感恩的习惯并不重要。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。
第6题 Now I have a closer relationship with my wife．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】由第四段第三句“And we have deepened our relationship.”可知，作者与其妻子的关系加深了，他们变得更加亲密了。题干的表述与文章一致，故选A。
第7题 I am now more strict with my kids．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】由第四段第四、五句“I also appreciate my kids more…their loveliness, curiosity and humor.”可知，作者不再批评孩子们了，对孩子们更加宽容了。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。
第8题 I like making friends with people around me．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】C
【答案解析】第四段第六句虽然提到我对周围的人更加和善了，但文章并未提及我喜欢和周围的人交朋友，故选C。
第9题 I now try to see the good in others．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】由第四段第六句“I’m kinder to others…I see the good, and am grateful for them.”可知，作者现在看待别人尽量去看别人的优点。题干的表述与文章一致，故选A。
第10题 A small action doesn’t work to change one’s bad habit．
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】由第五段第二、三句“We can’t change…you can start with a small action.”可知，我们不能立即改掉自己的坏习惯，但我们能从小的事情开始逐渐改变坏习惯，这说明小的事情也能改变坏习惯。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。
阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分。阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项中选出1个最佳选项。）
Dog Training
Dog training is a must for all dogs．It is more than just telling your dog to stop doing what he’s doing；it is the process of teaching a dog to exhibit certain desired behaviors in specific circumstances．Proper dog training is not a “quick fix”—it is an ongoing process．
Dog training also involves teaching the owner. Going through dog training is something that every dog owner should do．It is like going to school over again．It is all about communication，and you need to learn to communicate with your dog．
Training your dog to “sit” is probably the first thing you will train your dog to do．When you want your dog to sit，hold a treat above his head and say “sit”．As the dog sits，say “sit” again and then immediately give him the treat．Your dog should drop into a “sit” position in order to reach the food．
Teaching your dog to fetch promotes bonding．To do this，first throw a ball，and give the command “fetch”．As he starts to run towards it，yell “fetch” again．Instead of a ball，you may use the object your dog loves most．Do not play fetch with heavy items or sticks，however，as this can damage the dog’s teeth or injure the dog．
A well-trained dog should remain where his owner commands，so “stay” is an important command in dog training as well．Since it is more involved，that will be the subject of another article．
Dog training is a very physical activity，so be prepared to be tired．And dog training is never without risk of injury，especially with more aggressive dogs．One major mistake many dog owners make is to think that the dog training is over．Training your dog continues throughout your dog’s life． 第1题 What does the author say about dog training
A.It requires professional guidance．
B.It is necessary for every dog．
C.It gives dogs good exercise．
D.It is an easy job for trainers．
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】事实细节题。由第一段第一句“Dog training is a must for all dogs.”可知，作者认为训练对所有的狗来说都是必要的，故选B。
第2题 What is the most important thing for dog trainers to do
A.Learn to communicate with dogs．
B.Give dogs timely encouragement．
C.Create right circumstances for dogs．
D.Teach dogs desired behaviors．
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】推理判断题。由第二段可知，训狗也与狗的主人的学习有关，完成训狗练习是每个狗的主人应该做的，狗的主人就像又回到学校学习一样，而所有这些都与交流有关，训狗者需要学着与狗交流。由此可知，学着与狗交流对训狗者来说是最重要的事情，故选A。
第3题 Dog trainers usually train their dogs first to________．
A.jump
B.stay
C.fetch
D.sit
【正确答案】D
【答案解析】事实细节题。由第三段第一句“Training your dog to ‘sit’is probably the first thing…”可知，训狗者让狗学着去做的第一件事就是“坐”，故选D。
第4题 To train dogs to fetch，trainers often start with a________．
A.stick
B.ball
C.treat
D.trick
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】事实细节题。由第四段第二句“To do this,first throw a ball…”可知，训练让狗去接东西时，最先训练的是让狗接球，故选B。
第5题 Many dog owners tend to think that dog training________．
A.can be dangerous
B.costs much money
C.takes a short time
D.can be very tiring
【正确答案】C
【答案解析】事实细节题。由最后一段最后两句可知，许多狗的主人犯的一个主要错误是认为训狗花费时间短，很快就结束了，而实际上狗在一生中都要接受训练，故选C。
三、概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题1分，共10分。阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第①～⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。)
Ancient Greek Values
①Ancient Greek civilization has greatly helped the building of today’s society．Many countries now still base their laws and ethics(伦理)on the teachings and doings of ancient Greeks．In everyday life，ancient Greeks valued loyalty，glory, intelligence and hospitality(好客)．These may seem simple values，but they did effectively shape ancient Greece into a most referenced culture in history．
②During ancient Greece，men were required to go to school and learn．Boys were taught at home until they were 6 years old and then sent off to school．Ancient Greek schools featured a structure that had boys in school from the age of six until fourteen and then an optional additional four years．The boys were trained in arts and in citizen training．Citizen training prepared Greek boys for two aspects of adult life，which were peace and war．
③Glory for young men in ancient Greece was the same as fame to young people today．Stories of war glories and battles were handed down to young men so that they desired to make their names along with the victory of a battle．
④Helping your fellow man was an important aspect of life in ancient Greece．Ancient Greeks were kind and generous．They offered food，shelter and protection to travelers without question．They believed that helping others was their brotherly duty．
⑤Loyalty is perhaps the most important value of ancient Greek civilization．It was stressed in everything the Greeks did．They believed in loyalty to the family,the community and most importantly to the gods．The gods of ancient Greece often sent tests to citizens．Keeping faith through the tests was a sign of loyalty and belief． 第1题 16.Paragraph ①: ________
A.Education in ancient Greece
B.Friendliness of ancient Greeks
C.Wars in ancient Greece
D.Impact of ancient Greek values
E.Top value of ancient Greeks
F.Sense of honor of ancient Greeks
【正确答案】D
【答案解析】本段主要讲述的是古希腊价值观的影响，许多国家的法律和伦理都是以古希腊人的价值观为基础，而且它也有助于当代的社会建设。选项D与本段对应。
第2题 17.Paragraph ②: ________
A.Education in ancient Greece
B.Friendliness of ancient Greeks
C.Wars in ancient Greece
D.Impact of ancient Greek values
E.Top value of ancient Greeks
F.Sense of honor of ancient Greeks
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】本段主要讲述了古希腊的教育，首先指出在古希腊男孩被要求去上学接受教育，然后介绍上学年龄及学习内容等方面的情况。选项A与本段对应。
第3题 18.Paragraph ③: ________
A.Education in ancient Greece
B.Friendliness of ancient Greeks
C.Wars in ancient Greece
D.Impact of ancient Greek values
E.Top value of ancient Greeks
F.Sense of honor of ancient Greeks
【正确答案】F
【答案解析】本段主要讲述了古希腊人很看重荣誉，就像今天的年轻人看重名声一样。选项F与本段对应。
第4题 19.Paragraph ④: ________
A.Education in ancient Greece
B.Friendliness of ancient Greeks
C.Wars in ancient Greece
D.Impact of ancient Greek values
E.Top value of ancient Greeks
F.Sense of honor of ancient Greeks
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】本段主要讲述了古希腊人的友好，古希腊人都十分友好、大方，他们乐于助人，把帮助他人看成自己的职责。选项B与本段对应。
第5题 20.Paragraph ⑤: ________
A.Education in ancient Greece
B.Friendliness of ancient Greeks
C.Wars in ancient Greece
D.Impact of ancient Greek values
E.Top value of ancient Greeks
F.Sense of honor of ancient Greeks
【正确答案】E
【答案解析】本段第一句为主题句，指出忠诚是古希腊文明中最重要的品质，古希腊人的各种行为中都强调忠诚这一最重要的品质。选项E与本段对应。
第6题 Ancient Greek values are held________.
A.to go to school
B.in many countries
C.to achieve honor
D.in whatever they did
E.to study law
F.to help others
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】题干的中心词是Ancient Greek values。由第一段第二句“Many countries now still base their laws and ethics…ancient Greeks.”可知，许多国家仍保留着古希腊人的价值观。选项B符合题意。
第7题 Young men in ancient Greece were required________.
A.to go to school
B.in many countries
C.to achieve honor
D.in whatever they did
E.to study law
F.to help others
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】题干的中心词是required。由第二段第一句“…men were required to go to school and learn.”可知，在古希腊，要求年轻男子必须去上学。选项A符合题意。
第8题 Young Greeks had a strong desire________.
A.to go to school
B.in many countries
C.to achieve honor
D.in whatever they did
E.to study law
F.to help others
【正确答案】C
【答案解析】题干的中心词是desire。由第三段可知，古希腊年轻人很看重荣誉，战争荣誉和战役的故事使得他们有很强的意愿去赢得荣誉。选项C符合题意。
第9题 Ancient Greeks saw it as a duty________.
A.to go to school
B.in many countries
C.to achieve honor
D.in whatever they did
E.to study law
F.to help others
【正确答案】F
【答案解析】题干的中心词是duty。由第四段最后一句“They believed that helping others was their brotherly duty.”可知，古希腊人认为帮助别人是自己的责任。选项F符合题意。
第10题 Ancient Greeks stressed loyalty________.
A.to go to school
B.in many countries
C.to achieve honor
D.in whatever they did
E.to study law
F.to help others
【正确答案】D
【答案解析】题干的中心词是stressed loyalty。由第五段前两句“…It was stressed in everything the Greeks did.”可知，古希腊人在日常行为中都强调忠诚这一最重要的品质。选项D符合题意。
填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分。下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。）
The Power of Positive Thinking
Human emotion is one of those factors that cannot be defined exactly．The reason is that it is quite uncertain．We cannot change the feelings that are roused when we experience different things． 26
Some people forget that they are in control．They make their choices based on their emotions．They experience failure and loss and let their emotions rule their decisions．They are trapped in their sadness and thus，experience more failure．
Some people say they need a lucky break to recover from their failures． 27 They need to get over their failures on their own．But how do they do that The answer is：positive thinking．
People often fail to realize the power of positive thinking． 28 They fail to realize that they only need to overcome their fears in order to truly succeed in life．They just have too much pride and are blinded of their own shortcomings．
The power of positive thinking lies in belief． 29 You make the decisions that affect your life．You may not be able to change your environment，but you are able to change the way you react to it．
The power of positive thinking lies beyond false courage．You need to take another look at the world around you． 30 You can’t rest on your success，or foolish pride will cause you to make wrong decisions．
A.They fail to realize that their worst enemy lies within themselves．
B.However，we must always remember that we can control our reactions．
C.You can’t just take a look at your failures，or you will lose hope．
D.We can benefit a lot from positive thinking．
E.However，life rarely gives people a break．
F.You need to believe that you are in control． 第1题 26. ________
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】空格前一句话的意思为“当经历不同的事情时，我们不能改变因此而起的情感”。选项B与上文衔接最紧密，意思为“然而，我们必须时刻记住我们能控制我们的反应”，故选B。
第2题 27. ________
【正确答案】E
【答案解析】空格前一句话的意思为“一些人说他们需要休息以便从失败中恢复过来”，选项E的意思为“然而生活几乎从来不给人休息的机会”，与上下文衔接最紧密，故选E。
第3题 28. ________
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】空格前一句话的意思为“人们通常不会意识到积极思考的力量”，空格后一句话的意思为“他们不会意识到生活中要真正取得成功，他们只需要克服自己的恐惧”，选项A的意思为“他们不会意识到他们最大的敌人就是他们自己”，与上下文衔接最紧密，故选A。
第4题 29. ________
【正确答案】F
【答案解析】空格前一句话的意思为“积极思考的力量在于信念”，选项F的意思为“你需要相信你能控制”，与上下文衔接最紧密，故选F。
第5题 30. ________
【正确答案】C
【答案解析】空格前一句话的意思为“你需要再看看你周围的世界”，空格后一句话的意思为“你不能停留于你的成功，否则愚蠢的骄傲会使你做出错误的决定”，选项C的意思为“你不能只看自己的失败，否则你将失去希望”，与上下文衔接最紧密，故选C。
填词补文(第31～40题，每题1.5分，共15分。下面的短文有10处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。)
Meet Famous People in London
Many people like to see famous people．But famous people don’t 31 like to be looked at．At least，they don’t like to be looked at all day every day! However,there is one 32 in England where you can look at lots of famous people every day．That is Madame Tussaud’s，the most popular 33 attraction in London．
On most days of the year, 34 of visitors can be seen outside Madame Tussaud’s．They want to 35 in and see some of the most famous people in the world．If you like，you can 36 to those film stars，sports stars or politicians in Madame Tussaud’s，but they won’t 37 anything to you，because they can’t! Madame Tussaud’s is a waxworks(蜡像馆)，and the “famous people” in the building are made out of wax．But，this doesn’t 38 to be a problem．Ordinary people like looking at 39 people，even if they are only 40 ．It’s better than nothing!
A.seem
B.give
C.place
D.talk
E.statues
F.tourist
G.extraordinary
H.lines
I.get
J.rarely
K.say
L.usually 第1题 31. ________
【正确答案】L
【答案解析】该句结构完整，因此空格处需要填一个副词。根据句意可知，此处表示“但是名人通常不喜欢被观看”，故选L。
第2题 32. ________
【正确答案】C
【答案解析】由空格前的名词one及空格后where引导的定语从句可知，空格处需要填一个表示地点的名词。place意为“地方”，故选C。
第3题 33. ________
【正确答案】F
【答案解析】由空格前的形容词popular及空格后的名词attraction可知，空格处所填词应能与attraction构成一个名词词组，tourist attraction意为“旅游胜地”，符合句意，故选F。
本题 1.5 分
第4题 34. ________
【正确答案】H
【答案解析】根据句意可知，此处表示“杜莎夫人蜡像馆外能看到很多参观者”，lines of 意为“一排排，一系列”，符合句意，故选H。
第5题 35. ________
【正确答案】I
【答案解析】由空格前的不定式符号to和空格后的介词in可知，空格处需要填一个能与in搭配的动词。根据句意可知，这里表示“他们想进入（杜莎夫人蜡像馆）并观看一些世界上最著名的人物”，get in意为“进入”，故选I。
第6题 36. ________
【正确答案】D
【答案解析】由空格前的情态动词can和空格后的介词to可知，空格处需要填一个能与to搭配的动词。talk to意为“与……谈话”，符合句意，故选D。
第7题 37. ________
【正确答案】K
【答案解析】由空格前的won’t及空格后的anything可知，空格处需要填一个动词。这里表示“但他们不会跟你说任何话”，故选K。
第8题 38. ________
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】根据句意可知，这里表示“但这看起来不像是一个问题”，seem to意为“看起来”，符合句意，故选A。
第9题 39. ________
【正确答案】G
【答案解析】由空格前的looking at及空格后的people可知，空格处需要填一个形容词。根据句意可知，这里表示“普通人喜欢看不平凡的人”。extraordinary意为“不平凡的”，故选G。
第10题 40. ________
【正确答案】E
【答案解析】由空格前的系动词are可知，空格处应填一个形容词或名词。根据句意可知，这里表示“普通人喜欢看不平凡的人，即使他们只是雕像”。statue意为“雕塑，雕像”，故选E。
六、完形补文(第41～50题，每题1.5分，共15分。下面的短文有10处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌。)
Don’t Be Afraid of Making Mistakes
Lots of people don’t dare to make mistakes(mistake)．They fear that they will be ridiculed or 41 (blame) by others．They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be under a lot of stress．But risks are 42 (actual) unavoidable and they do pave the way towards success．Have you ever 43 (hear) of someone who achieves success without making any mistakes before
So it is 44 (nature) that making mistakes in your effort to reach your dreams is 45 (consider) a must，and you shouldn’t worry about that as you may get a lot of 46 (advantage)out of your mistakes．By making mistakes you then can distinguish between the correct and the 47 (correct) portions of what you did．Anthony D’ Angelo said：“In order to succeed you must fail，so that you know what to do the next time．” And Robert Louis Stevenson even 48 (go) to the extreme as to say：“Our business in life is not to succeed，but to continue to fail in good 49 (spirit)．”
You needn’t worry about anything as long as you keep on going by 50 (wise) learning from your mistakes and trying even harder． 第1题 41. ________
【正确答案】blamed
【答案解析】由并列连词or之前的be ridiculed可知，空格处需要填一个动词的过去分词形式，构成被动语态。blame的过去分词形式为blamed，故答案为blamed。
第2题 42. ________
【正确答案】actually
【答案解析】由空格前的系动词are和空格后的形容词unavoidable可知，空格处需要填一个副词。actual的副词形式为actually，故答案为actually。
第3题 43. ________
【正确答案】heard
【答案解析】由空格前的have you ever可知，空格处需要填一个动词的过去分词形式，构成完成时态。hear的过去分词形式为heard，故答案为heard。
第4题 44. ________
【正确答案】natural
【答案解析】由空格前的系动词is和空格后的that从句可知，空格处需要填一个形容词。nature 的形容词形式为natural，故答案为natural。
第5题 45. ________
【正确答案】considered
【答案解析】由空格前的系动词is及句意可知，空格处需要填一个动词的过去分词形式，构成被动语态。consider的过去分词形式为considered，故答案为considered。
第6题 46. ________
【正确答案】advantages
【答案解析】由空格前的a lot of可知，空格处需要填一个名词的复数形式，且这里表示的是积极的意义。advantage的复数名词形式为advantages，意为“益处”，故答案为advantages。
第7题 47. ________
【正确答案】incorrect
【答案解析】由and前的the correct和空格后的portions可知，空格处需要填一个形容词，且与correct表示相反的意义。correct的否定词形式为incorrect，故答案为incorrect。
第8题 48. ________
【正确答案】went
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，空格所在句叙述的事发生在过去，故空格处需要填一个动词的过去式形式。go的过去式形式为went，故答案为went。
第9题 49. ________
【正确答案】spirits
【答案解析】由空格前的in good可知，空格处需要填一个名词的复数形式。in good spirits为固定搭配，意为“情绪高昂”，故答案为spirits。
第10题 50. ________
【正确答案】wisely
【答案解析】由空格前的by和空格后的learning可知，空格处需要填一个副词，修饰动词learning。wise的副词形式为wisely，故答案为wisely。
篇2：自考英语测试试题答案
自考英语测试试题答案
1.The meeting _____ next week will be of great importance.
A. to be held
B. held
C. holding
D. is held
2.Look at this group of people ______ beach volleyball.
A. played
B. is played
C. playing
D. is playing
3.Very few people understood this contract， ______ was very obscure.
A. the language
B. the language of which
C. all it said
D. which it had said
4.______ a little earlier， I would have caught the train.
A. Did I leave
B. Would I leave
C. Had I left
D. Have I left
5.I wished it ______ but it did.
A. had not occurred
B. occurred not
C. did not occur
D. would not occur
6.Two-thirds of his property ______ lost in the fire.
A. was
B. were
C. are
D. have been
7.Charles Smith， ______ was my former teacher， retired last year.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. as
8.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter who
9.It is difficult to ________ the implication between the lines.
A. get to
B. get with
C. get at
D. get down
10.The volleyball match was televised ________ on CCTV.
A. alive
B. life
C. live
D. lively
11.Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister ________ the crisis.
A. handles
B. conducts
C. observes
D. directs
12.It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.
A. allocate
B. adopt
C. apply
D. adjust
13.To write up his novel， John is looking for an environment free ________ outside distraction.
A. on
B. with
C. from
D. in
14.Johnson was ________ unknown before running for the presidency.
A. visibly
B. visually
C. vertically
D. virtually
15.The volunteers would rather go by train than ________.
A. to drive
B. drive
C. driven
D. to be driven
16.Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.
A. looking up
B. looking through
C. looking into
D. looking on
17.If you try to learn too many things at a time， you may get ________.
A. concentrated
B. confused
C. confirmed
D. convinced
18.You should help them ________ when your friends quarrel with each other.
A. come into sight
B. come to terms
C. come into play
D. come to power
19.Modern economics ________ the country‘s agricultural policies.
A. undergoes
B. understands
C. underlies
D. undertakes
20.I was writing a report last night; ________ I would not have stayed up late.
A. however
B. otherwise
C. therefore
D. furthermore
参考答案
1.正确答案：A 答案解析：谓语动词用了将来时态，所以选不定式作定语，表将来。
2.正确答案：C 答案解析：现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作。
3.正确答案：B 答案解析：the language of which引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中做主语。句意为：没有几个人懂这份合同，合同的用词含糊不清。
4.正确答案：C 答案解析：本题考查的是if引导的虚拟条件句，省略了if要把had提前。
5.正确答案：A 答案解析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法，表示的是与过去相反的情况，要用过去完成时，答案为A.
6.正确答案：A 答案解析：以分数限定的名词做主语时，谓语的单复数应同该名词保持一致，而不管分数是单数还是复数。此句中property(财产)是单数不可数名词，故用单数形式的动词。
7.正确答案：B 答案解析：that不能引导非限制性定语从句， 可以用which和who引导， 其中， who代替的先行词是人。句意为：查理?史密斯去年退休了， 他曾经是我的老师。
8.正确答案：C 答案解析：本题句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D， 从句中需要的是主语， 所以whomever也不行。
9.正确答案：C 答案解析：[译文]要找到字里行间的关联是困难的。
[试题分析]短语意义区分题。[详细解答] A 开始，接触 C 找出，理解 D 下来，写(记)下来
10.正确答案：C 答案解析：[译文]中央电视台现场直播了这场排球比赛。
11.正确答案：A 答案解析：[译文] 对立面领导人将会仔细地看着首相如何控制危机。
[试题分析]动词词义选择题。[详细解答] A 应付，对付，控制 B 引导，进行，实施 C 观察，监测，遵守 D 指导，监督
12.正确答案：D 答案解析：[译文] 她花了几秒钟时间使眼睛适应黑暗。
[试题分析]动词词义选择题。
[详细解答] A 分配，拨出 B 收养，过继C 应用，申请 D 调整，使适合
13.正确答案：C 答案解析：[译文] 约翰为了写完他的小说，正在寻找一个摆脱外界干扰的环境。
[试题分析]介词选择题。[详细解答] free from… 使人摆脱…，不受…的，没有…的'
14.正确答案：D 答案解析：[译文] 事实上，约翰逊在参选总统职位之前是个无名人士。
[试题分析](形近的)副词词义区分题。[详细解答] A 显然，明显地 B 外表上，直观地C 垂直地，直立地 D 实际上，事实上
15.正确答案：B 答案解析：[译文]志愿者宁愿坐火车去而不愿开汽车去。
[试题分析]语法题。[详细解答]would rather 或 would sooner 的意思都是“宁愿”，其后要求直接用动词原形。 如果后边是that引导的从句，那么要求用过去时动词表示尚未发生的动作，用过去完成时动词表示对已经发生的动作的某种愿望。
应用举例：
We would rather talk about football or the weather.
我们宁愿谈谈有关足球或者天气的话题。
I would rather you came tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天去。
I would sooner you had gone there too.
我宁愿你也去那里了。
篇3：英语写作自考试题答案
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题上。
I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words.Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
The Positive Effects of Owning a Dog on Children
Dogs are the best friend of children. The dog and the child teach each other things and they look after each other. Owning a dog can have positive effects on a child’s development. Having a dog develops a child’s sense of responsibility, broadens his capacity for empathy, and teaches him the nature of friendship.
The first advantage of owning a dog is that it’s helpful to develop a child’s sense of responsibility. Once you own a dog, you have to take care of it instead of only playing it: showering, feeding, walking, cleaning up, hair cutting and so on. Dogs are animals that have to spend time together with people or they get depressed. So you must take some time to stay with it. If they are sick, one can’t just leave it alone. All of these works are required to be carefully done which could make a child become more responsible.
Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is how to be empathetic. A dog cannot express itself with speech, so its owner must learn to understand what the dog’s behavior means. Is the dog frightened, aggressive, or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on in the dog’s mind. The result of learning to read a dog’s behavior is that the child develops mpathy. By learning how to empathize with a dog, the child also learns how to empathize with other people. This leads to the child becoming a more considerate and caring person.
Being considerate and caring are important characteristics in a good friend.One of the most significant benefits of owning a dog is the example of true friendship that a dog provides. A dog gives unconditional love to its owner. A dog will not stop loving its owner because of a little anger, indifference, or neglect. A dog will wait patiently for its owner to pat its head and say a few kind words. This acceptance of the negative qualities and appreciation for the positive qualities of its owner provide a wonderful model of how to be a good friend. A child who has learned to be as good a friend to others as his dog is to him will have learned one of the most valuable lessons in life.
These are some of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. The benefits of owning a dog will last in the child’s entire lifetime. The understanding and appreciation of responsibility, empathy, and friendship that a child develops from the experience of having a dog will help him or her grow into a reliable, caring, and mature adult.
II. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
Acting out Metaphors Encourages Creative Thinking
It happens in schools, offices, and boardrooms everywhere: someone working on a project hits a mental block. A boss or teacher might resort to a metaphor like “think outside the box” or “put two and two together,” encouraging a creative solution to the problem. As it turns out, this isn’t just abstract advice. According to an upcoming issue of Psychological Science, literally working outside of a box or putting two halves of something together just might help those creative juices start flowing again.
Since physical metaphors regarding creativity are so common and appearing in several different languages, a group of researchers hypothesized that they may extend beyond mere metaphors. Their study indicates that acting out metaphors literally can affect how our minds work.
In the first part of the study, the researchers asked 102 undergraduates to perform a Remote Associates Test (RAT), in which the subjects were given three seemingly
uelated words and asked to come up with a word that relates to each one. For example, the subject might be given “measure,” “worm,” and “video,”and the correct response would be “tape.”
The participants were divided into three groups; one group was asked to perform this task while sitting inside a 5’ by 5’ cardboard box, another group sat outside the same box, and those in the third group performed the task without a box in the room at all. None of the
participants knew the hypothesis behind the study; they were merely told it was an experiment on different working environments.
There was no difference in performance between those inside the box and those with no box at all. However, the participants that were seated outside the box did much better on the RAT than the other two groups. Apparently, something about literally “thinking outside the box” encourages creativity.
A second experiment looked at another well-known piece of advice: to “put two and two together” to come up with an answer. In the study, 64 subjects were divided into two groups. The first group had to perform a RAT while joining halves of cut paper cards from piles on each side of a desk. The second group performed a similar task, but only had to move card halves from one side of a desk to the other side. Those “putting two and two together” by uniting the two halves of the cards did far better on the RAT than those that were merely moving the cards from one pile to another.
So, acting out metaphors linked to creativity really can help us think creatively. In fact, it does more than let us access the knowledge we presently have; it encourages us to come up with new, unique and creative ideas. Next time you’re stuck on a problem, take a minute to ponder—or even act out—your favorite metaphor, and you might happen upon a great solution.
Topic Outline
Acting out Metaphors Encourages Creative Thinking
It happens everywhere: mental block. A boss or teacher might resort to a metaphor like “think outside the box” or “put two and two together”. This isn’t just abstract advice but might really help have creative thoughts.
A group of researchers hypothesized that acting out metaphors may extend beyond mere metaphors. They can affect how our minds work.
In the first study, the researchers asked 102 undergraduates to perform a Remote Associates Test (RAT). The subjects were given three uelated words and asked to answer a word that relates to each one.
The participants were divided into three groups; one group was asked to perform this task while sitting inside a cardboard box, another group sat outside the same box, and those in the third group performed the task without a box in the room.
There was no difference in performance between those inside the box and those with no box at all. However, the participants outside the box did much better on the RAT. Apparently, something about literally “thinking outside the box” encourages creativity.
The second experiment focused on another advice: to “put two and two together” to come up with an answer. In the study, 64 subjects were divided into two groups. The first group performed a RAT while joining halves of cut paper cards together. The second group performed a similar task, but only had to move card halves from one side of a desk to the other side. Those uniting the two halves of the cards did far better on the RAT than those that were merely moving the cards from one pile to another.
So, acting out metaphors linked to creativity really can help us think creatively.
IIl. Compose an essay. (60 points)
People are more and more concerned about the environment. Write a 300-word
expository essay stating your opinion about what we can do as individuals to improve our environment.
How to improve our environment
Nowadays, environment problems are are becoming more and more influential to our daily lives than only appearing in newspapers and TVs, lectures or reports. For instance, in the last winter, foggy days with the so called PM2.5 caused a panic among citizens. People were afraid of the polluted air and chose to stay at home instead of going out.
Protecting the environment is really an extremely urgent thing. As we all know, low carbon life was proposed in recent years and I think it would be a reasonable way to solve our environment crisis.
We can figure out what benefits can be gained when we transfer this conception into a real existence, a low carbon campus. This simple shift of perspective can actually transform what used to be quite far away into something that is just around us.
Take the use of electronic devices for example, when we choose to climb the stairs instead of using an elevator, when we prefer bicycles to cars, we are doing something fantastic for ourselves. Think about these activities as exercises that would not only keep us physically fit, but also spiritually energetic. If we turn off the computer when they are not in use, or even limit the hours we spend in front of them, we are not only saving the electricity, but also doing a favor to our body, preventing ourselves from too much exposure to radiation and other possible harms caused by computer. We can gain at the same tine a healthy and pain-free neck, and avoid sore muscles, worsening eyesight and so on. When we use natural wind, rather than fans or air conditioner to feel cool in summer, we are also reducing the possibilities of all the illness related to the electronic devices.
What we eat can also contribute to the establishment of a low carbon campus. More
vegetables and less meat mean that less carbon will be emitted in the process of producing and preparing for such foods. And this can also translate to a more balanced diet and healthier eating habits. Then many problems, such as overweight, tiredness or even high blood pressure and heart disease can be controlled to a certain extent when we get older. And this good eating habit actually benefits us for a life time, and what starts at campus goes a long way.
From the above analysis, we can get the basic idea that when we are doing something to reduce the carbon campus, but at the same time, we are make positive changes for oueselves.
篇4：英语写作自考试题答案
一：Sentence development 句子写作。
1） You always remain a victim
You will always remain a victim ,not only of some popular books ,but also of some people concerned.
2) Such an attitude would emphasize the value of life.
Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the value of life.
3)”Happy Christmas “he said.
“Happy Christmas “he said, smiling and picking out two flowers.
4)The piano player began to sing loudly.
The piano player began to sing loudly ,beating the keys with magic hands ,and nodding his head in rhythm.
5)I was very embarrassed .
I didn’t know what I should do.
I was very embarrassed ;I didn’t know what I should do.
6)Today at school Mr Moore brought in his pet rabbit.
He showed it to the class.
Today at school Mr Moore brought in his pet rabbit ,and he showed it to the class.
7)He is very busy preparing IELTS.
He has no time to play.
He is very busy preparing IELTS; therefore , He has no time to play.
8)The judge had a hard time deciding___________________.
The judge had a hard time deciding where painting was the best.
9)The house ____is still standing.
The house which Abraham Lincoln was born is still standing.
10)My presentation seemed to go well.
My presentation seemed to go well although I was feeling really nervous.
二，Short answers。简答题
1 What are the paragraph qualities?
Unity and coherence
2How many parts is an article usually composed of? What are they?
Three parts: introduction ,body and conclusion.
3How many forms can articles be roughly divided into？what are they?
Four forms :description ,narration ,argumentation and exposition.
4How many parts does a science and technology paper consist of? What are they?
Seven parts: title and authors name ,summary, contents ,text, acknowledgements, references, biographty.
5What are the characteristics of good writings?
Good thinking,to the point ,revisions, appropriate ,style for the purpose ,clear organization,
effective use of expressions reader oriented, simple and short, precise.
6What are the key features of a research paper?
A :It is based on extensive research of proven facts and authoritative testimony .
B:The author’s voice tends to be objective and neutral.
C:The style tends to be formal.
三 Science and technology writing in English .科技英语写作。
1 Write out definitions of the subjects given below , using the notes provided next to each subjects.
Biology is the scientific study of the natural processes of living things.(Biology may be defined as the science which natural processes of living things.)
Chemistry may be defined as a branch of science which deals with the basic characteristics of substances and the different ways in which they react or or combine with other substances.
Anthropology may be defined as the branch of seience which studies the human race ,its culture and society and its physical development.
Home Economics is the study of household management .It is largely concerned with learning how to deal with problems and challenges of homemarking.
Electrical and electronic engineering is a discipline which is enjoying a period of exciting and dynamic growth , Its findings are being applied with increasing frequency and effectiveness in households, medicine ,industry ,public services and business. Its great impact on modern life is likely to become even more dramatic in the near future.
4Revise or rewrite the following definitions below to make them more appropriate .You may consult a dictionary.
A school is a place where people, especially young people ,are educated.
An astronomer is a scientist who studies the universe as a whole and the objects which exist naturally in space ,such as the sun ,the moon ,planets and stars.
A degree is an academic qualification which is given by a college or university to a student who has completed a course of study.
A computer is an electronic machine which can solve mathematical problems at very high speeds.. It is nowadays mainly used for storing and recalling information ,and for controlling other machines .It has brought about great convenience and high efficiency ,thus releasing a vast number of manhours to be used in other efforts.
Sport is a game ,competition or activity which can be generally divided into the following broad categories:track and field ,ballgame ,gymnastics .Track and field events can be further divided
into such activities an jumping ,throwing ,running and walking.
3(1)IE:Sentences 1—3
IE2:Sentences 4—7
IE3：Sentences 8—9
IE4：Sentences10—12
IE5：Sentences 13
(2) The part of literature review is the longest since it includes specific information about different studies.
篇5：自考英语二试题答案
自考英语二试题答案
自考英语二试题答案
1._______ at all is worth doing well.
A. Whatever is worth doing B. That is worth doing C. What is worth doing it D. Whatever is worth doing it
2.He bought a house for his children ________.
A. lived in B. to live in C. lived D. to live
3.By the middle of the 21st century，the vast majority of the world‘s population will be living in cities _______ in the country.
A. other than B. more than C. better than D. rather than
4.People appreciate _______ with him because he is knowledgeable and humorous.
A. talking B. talked C. talk D. to talk
5.Imports will be allowed in proportion _______ exports.
A. to B. for C. out D. of
6.They built a highway _______ the mountains.
A. lead into B. to lead into C. led into D. leading into
7.It _______ for two hours now.
A. rains B. is raining C. has rained D. has been raining
8.The girl was lucky enough to _______ the bad men and ran away.
A. break away B. break away from C. break out D. break into
9.The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door _______， _______ there for a while and then entered it.
A. open; to stand B. opening; stood C. open; stood D. opened; standing
10._______ the new plan can be carried out will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whether
11.Neither English nor Chinese ________ difficult to learn.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
12.It is obvious how bad movies will impact ________ children.
A. on B. to C. with D. in
13.The Roman goddess Venus is identified _______ the Greek goddess Aphrodite.
A. with B. by C. for D. to
14.He declined _______ more about it.
A. say B. to say C. said D. saying
15.The government called out policemen to suppress the riot.
A. 政府派警察镇压**
B. 政府把警察叫出来镇压**
C. 政府给警察打电话让他们出去压迫**
D. 政府高喊要警察出去镇压**
16.The new laws threaten to deprive many people _______ the most elementary freedoms.
A. from B. for C. of D. about
17._______ he has enough money to buy the house， it doesn‘t mean he’s going to do so.
A. Grant B. Granted that C. Having Granted that D. Grant that
18.The reply， when it finally came， was ________ the negative.
A. for B. into C. in D. with
19.I don‘t mind _______ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
20._______ for a long time， most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
21.—— We have to stop talking here outside. Listen， _______!
—— Hurry up， or we‘ll be late.
A. There goes the bell B. There does the bell go C. There the bell goes D. Goes the bell there
22.The factory _______ we‘ll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
23.—Why didn‘t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _______ enough money.
A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
24.There was so much noise that the speaker couldn‘t make himself ________.
A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear
25.This is an important problem _______ too few social scientists have researched.
A. which B. that C. into that D. into which
26.They ________ extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training.
A. undertake B. undergo C. underplay D. underuse
27.They will get the preparation done early in May.
A. 他们五月初就能让别人准备完工作
B. 他们五月初就能准备好工作
C. 他们早在五月份就能把准备工作做完
D. 他们五月初就能把准备工作做完
28.Weather _______， we‘ll go out for a walk.
A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. for permitting
29.I don‘t think the charge for overhauling the equipment is excessive in _______ to its size.
A. correspondence B. equation C. proportion D. dimension
30.It is difficult to understand this kind of _______ calculation.
A. intricate B. varied C. indispensable D. equable
31._______ for the free ticket， I would not have gone to see film so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
32.Nobody but you _______ what he said.
A. agrees with B. agrees out C. agree with D. agree to
33.—David has made great progress recently.
—_______， and _______.
A. So he has;so you have B. So he has;so have you C. So he has;so do you D. So has he;so you have
34.The engineer ______ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
35._______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
36.Happiness doesn‘t always _______ money.
A. go through B. go in for C. go with D. go over
37.We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was ofgreat value.
A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept
38.That is the house _______ you can enjoy the scenery.
A. in that B. that C. which D. from which
39.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
40.There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming _______ an excess of it.
A. other than B. rather than C. in place of D. instead
答案：
单项选择题
1.正确答案：A答案解析：句意为“凡是值的做的，就值得好好去做。”本题注意的是：这个句型中的动名词是用主动形式表示被动意义。
2.正确答案：B答案解析：本题属于动词不定式复合结构做后置定语。in不可省略。句意：他买了一套房子给孩子们住。
3.正确答案：D答案解析：本题考查词组辨析。rather than：与其…(不如);不是…(而是)。句意：到二十一世纪中叶，世界上大多数人口将生活在城市而不是农村。
4.正确答案：A答案解析：appreciate doing sth. 愿意，喜欢做某事。句意：人们喜欢同他交谈是因为他既博学又幽默。
5.正确答案：A答案解析：in proportion to：按…的比例，与…成正比。
6.正确答案：D答案解析：leading into的逻辑主语是highway，它们之间是主动的关系，所以用动名词形式。句意：他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。
7.正确答案：D答案解析：雨现在还在下，是持续到现在的动作，所以根据句意，用现在完成进行时比较好。
8.正确答案：B答案解析：break away：脱离，逃离，逃走。符合句意。介词from与后面的the bad men连接。break out：爆发。break into：闯入，潜入，破门而入。
9.正确答案：C答案解析：with the door open是with 的复合结构，open 为形容词，表状态; stood与came， entered为并列关系，在句中作谓语。
10.正确答案：D答案解析：句意为“是否执行新的计划将在明天的会议上进行讨论”。因此答案为D.
11.正确答案：C答案解析：neither…nor…是固定搭配，意思是：既不……也不……。它需要遵循就近原则，谓语动词应与Chinese一致，所以答案是C.
12.正确答案：A答案解析：impact有时也可以当作一个动词来用，与之搭配的介词仍然是on.句意：坏电影对儿童会产生什么影响是显而易见的。
13.正确答案：A答案解析：be identified with：和……有联系，被视为与……等同。
14.正确答案：B答案解析：decline后面可以跟动词不定式，其它形式比如ing形式用的很少。
15.正确答案：A答案解析：to suppress the riot在句子中是作目的状语，表示“警察来是镇压**的”，所以答案为A.
16.正确答案：C答案解析：deprive sb of sth：剥夺某人某物。
17.正确答案：B答案解析：Granted that：尽管，即使。
18.正确答案：C答案解析：in the negative：否定的，否决。
19.答案解析：这是一个带有逻辑主语的动名词结构。依据前面所讲，逻辑主语应是一个带有形容词性的物主代词，其后的动词delay也应该是一个动名词。
20.正确答案：D答案解析：There being no rain为 there be句型的独立主格形式。
21.正确答案：A答案解析：在以here， there， up， down， in， on， out， away， off等副词开头的句子里，主语是名词时，句子主谓全部倒装，以示强调。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。
22.正确答案：C答案解析：which是关系代词，在从句中作宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
23.正确答案：D答案解析：第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
24.正确答案：B答案解析：make sb done： 使某人被…
句意：嘈杂声那么大，以至于听众无法听清演讲者的话。
25.正确答案：D答案解析：into which引导的是problem的定语从句。which指代problem，into与research搭配。
26.正确答案：B答案解析：句意：他们经历了大量的并且可能是危险的实际飞行训练。
27.正确答案：D答案解析：首先需要注意early in May表示“五月初”的意思，选项A“让别人准备完”这种表达是不准确的';此外get the preparation done表示的是“把准备工作做完”，选项B的表达不是很准确。
28.正确答案：B答案解析：本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为“天气允许”，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B.
29.正确答案：C答案解析：in proportion to是固定搭配， 意为“与……成比例， 与……相称”。反义语：out of proportion不成比例，不相称。本题译文：我认为该设备的大修费并不过分， 是与它的大小相称的。
30.正确答案：A答案解析：参考译文：很难理解这种错综复杂的计算。intricate 错综复杂的，纠缠不清的; varied 不同的，种种的; indispensable 不可缺少的，绝对必要的; equable 变动甚少的，稳定的。
31.正确答案：C答案解析：从本题后半句可以看出这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中的动词要用“had +过去分词”，如果将if省略，had要位于主语之前，构成倒装句，故本题的答案是C.Had it not been for the free ticket =If it had not been for the free ticket.
32.正确答案：A答案解析：主语为nobody时，谓语动词用单数，如果主语被but， as wellas， with等短语修饰，谓语仍与主语的数保持一致。该题易误选C、D，选D的原因在于词组记忆不清，用介词to时之后应加具体项目。而选择C就在于误把you作为主语对待了。而实际上nobody才是主语。
33.正确答案：B答案解析：以so开头的句子如果是表示前面所表达的内容也适合于另一个人或物时，句子要用倒装语序，这时前后的主语不一致;但当so开头的句子只是重复前一句的意思，表示“的确”，“如此”，前后主语是同一人或物时，句子不用倒装语序。根据题目的意思，本题的答案是B.
34.正确答案：D答案解析：with whom引导定语从句。with whom放在从句中即为：my father works with the engineer.
35.正确答案：D答案解析：为了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面，尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
36.正确答案：C答案解析：句意：幸福未必总是伴随金钱而来。go with：伴随，与……相配
37.正确答案：B答案解析：本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。dating back to the 16th century的逻辑主语是stone figure.
38.正确答案：D答案解析：句意：你从中能欣赏外面风景的就是这座房子。在定语从句中判断用关系代词还是用关系副词，需要弄明白在从句中需要什么语法成分，也就是说，要看关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分，本题的定语从句中少地点状语，先行词又是表地点的名词，故可选用where.观察四个选项后，我们发现并无where一词，我们可以用“介词+ which”来代替。注意，本句话所表达的应该是：You can enjoy the scenery from the house，故可排除A选项，选D.
39.正确答案：C答案解析：本题考查的是倒装结构的用法。第二分句中因有否定副词never提前，故应用倒装结构;第一分句中的have been married已限定了时态，据此可排除D项。
40.正确答案：B答案解析：rather than 而不是。other than 不同于，除了;in place of 代替;instead 代替。
篇6：自考学位英语试题答案
Some people prefer reading electronic books because it is cheap and convenient. An ordinary computer or e-book reader can hold hundreds or thousands of books. One may read them whenever and wherever he is, without a heavy load.
There are also some other people who still enjoy reading paper books. For them, turning the paper pages and reading the printed lines are the most comfortable way of reading. One of their reasons is that E-books make their eyes go tired easily.
If I were given the choice, I would very likely choose e-books, because the computer software is so advanced now that more work could be done while reading, such as taking long notes or copying beautiful sentences in seconds. These functions could not be fulfilled so efficiently with paper and pens.
篇7：教育学自考试题答案
教育学自考试题答案
一、单项选择题：l-45小题，每小题2分，共90分。下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
1.对“谁的知识最有价值”这一问题最为关注的教育学派是( )。
A.实验教育学
B.文化教育学
C.实用主义教育学
D.批判教育学
2.下列说法有悖终身教育理念的是( )。
A.学习贯穿人的一生
B.学校教育不再享有教育的垄断权
C.终身教育从正规学校教育结束时开始
D.当地社会在终身教学体系中起着重要作用
3.赞科夫主张教学应走在学生发展前面，所依据的是( )。
A.最近发展区域理论
B.隐性知识理论
C.先行组织者理论
D.支架式教学理论
4.有人把教育隐喻为“塑徒”，称教师是“人类灵魂工程师”，这种观点在人的发展影响因素问题上倾向于
A.遗传决定论
B.成熟论
C.外铄论
D.内因与外因相交互用论
5. 20世纪50年代末我国的教育方针强调( )。
A.教育必须与生产劳动相结合
B.教育必须与社会实践相结合
C.教育必须为人民服务
D.教育必须为现代化服务
6.双向规学制形成于18、19世纪的西欧，其中一轨是“学术性”，另一轨是“职业性”，
以下关于这种学制形成方式的描述中，正确的是( )。
A.两条轨道发端于高等教育，是自上而下形成的
B.均发端于初等教育，是自下而上形成的
C.学术型轨道是自上而下形成的，职业型轨道是自下而上形成的
D.学术型轨道是自下而上形成的，职业型轨道是自上而下形成的
7.教育界尝试以综合课程加强学科之间及学科知识与现实生活之间的联系，典型的综合课程按照综合程度从高到低排列其顺序为。
A.相关课程、广域课程、核心课程
B.广域课程、相关课程、核心课程
C.核心课程、相关课程、广域课程
D.核心课程、广域课程、相关课程、
8.布鲁纳认知主义教学理论提出的教学原则有( )。
A.动机原则、结构原则、程序原则、强化原则
B.高速度原则、高难度原则、理论知识起主导作用原则
C.直观性原则、量力性原则、巩固性原则、彻底性原则
D.及时反馈原则、小步子原则、自定步调原则、积极反映原则
9.学生出现下列哪种情形，教师可以考虑采用惩罚来教育
A.认知错误
B.明知故犯
C.作业错误
D.情绪失控
10.某教师在作文教学中运用“过程作文教学法“，根据舒尔曼“教学的知识基础”理
论，该教师运用的是( )。
A.学科教学知识
B.教育情境知识
C.课程知识
D.基于学生的知识
11.体谅模式对立者围绕学生普遍感到困惑的人际与社会问题，编制一套《生命线》情景教材，发展青少年人际与社会技能，这套教材包括三个部分，分别是( )、
A.敏感情性、证明规则、你怎么办
B.敏感情性、证明规则、你期望什么
C.敏感情性、你期望什么、你怎么办
D.证明规则、你期望什么、你怎么办
12.小学“1~2年级认识常用汉字1600个左右，其中800个左右会写”，这项要求属于教学目的层级中的( )。
A.教育目的
B.培养目标
C.课程目标
D.教学目标
13.有学者强调，教育要根据一个民族的固有特性来进行，这种观点体现了( )。
A.生产力对教育的影响和制约
B.政治制度对教育的影响和制约
C.文化对教育的影响和制约
D.经济制度对教育的影响和制约
14.在文献记载的中国古代学校中与乐教最为相关的是( )。
A.庠
B.成均
C.序
D.泮宫
15. “君子之学也，入乎耳,箸乎心,布乎四体,形乎动静”这一关乎学习过程的论述出自( )。
A.论语
B.墨子
C.孟子
D.荀子
16.王充认为教育的最高目标是培养鸿儒，其有别于儒生，通人，文人的显著特征是()。
A.博览古今
B.讲授章句
C.兴论立说
D.上书奏记
17.下列唐代中央官学中，对学生入学年龄限制最为宽松的是()。
A.国子学
B.太学
C.四门学
D.广文馆
18.北宋“熙宁兴学”强调实用人才的培养，在教学内容方面的改革是编写和颁行《三经新义》。所谓“三经”是指《诗》《书》和()。
A.《礼仪》
B.《周礼》
C.《礼记》
D.《大戴礼记》
19.中国近代科举考试改革中，清政府正式提出设立“经济特科”是在()。
A.太平天国时期
B.洋务运动时期
C.百日维新时期
D.清末新政时期
20. 19八国联军入侵北京，次年强迫清政府签订了不平等的《辛丑条约》，向中国勒索战争赔款四亿五千万两白银。出于在华长远利益考虑，后来部分国家退回了部分赔款。19成立的清华学堂其经费主要来源于()。
A.英国退回的部分赔款
B.美国退回的部分赔款
C.法国退回的部分赔款
D.德国退回的部分赔款
21.“五四”新文化运动期间，中国兴起了工读主义教育思潮，并形成了不同派别。以李大钊为代表的初步具有共产主义思潮的知识分子有别于其他派别的主张是()。
A.靠自己的辛勤工作去获取教育经费
B.工学并立，扫除“贵学贱工”的千年旧见
C.“人人做工，人人读书，各拿所得，各取所需”
D.知识青年与工农打成一气，创造“真正人的生活”
22.黄炎培的职业教育思想有一个发展过程。20世纪代后，他将职业教育概括为()。
A.使动手的读书，使读书的动手
B.使无业者有业，使有业者乐业
C.联络和沟通教育界与职业界，参与全社会发展
D.为个人谋生，社会服务，国家和世界发展作准备
23. 1938年3月，毛泽东为“抗大”题写办学方针，成为教育工作首位的是()。
A.坚持正确的政治方向
B.坚持不懈的抗战信念
C.艰苦朴素的工作作风
D.灵活机动的战略战术
24.作为西方最早的职业教师，智者派队古希腊教育做出的主要贡献是()。
A.扩大了教育对象的范围
B.确立了“七艺”的课程体系
C.形成了自由教育理论的体系
D.提出了遵循自然的教育原则
25.相对于古希腊教育思想而言，以西塞罗为代表的古罗马教育思想更具有()。
A.理想主义取向
B.相对主义
C.思辨主义
D.实践性取向
26.文艺复兴时期人文主义教育具有鲜明的认识取向，这种特征主要表现为 ()。
A.教育目标侧重个性发展
B.重视古典人文学科的学习
C.教育对象偏重上层子弟
D.关注现实生活
27.卢梭自然主义教育理论中的“消极教育”意指()。
A.教育作用有限
B.教育在于等待儿童的自然发展
C.教育对于儿童发展难以积极作用
D.教育需遵循儿童天性，防范外界不良影响
28.赫尔巴特认为教育目的包括“可能的目的”和“必要的目的”，其中“必要的目的”指()。
A.与儿童未来所从事职业有关的目的
B.与儿童奠定必要的文化知识基础
C.与儿童养成内心自由、完善、仁慈、正义、公平等道德观念有关的目的
D.与儿童形成经验、思辨、同情、审美、社会、宗教等多方面兴趣有关的目的
29.福禄贝尔重视发挥游戏在幼儿教育中的价值，他将游戏理解为()。
A.儿童的外部肢体活动
B.儿童创造性自我活动的表现
C.对儿童实施基础教育的最佳形式
D.促进儿童身体发育和健康成长的手段
30.美国公立初等教育在19世纪上半叶发展与进步的主要表现为()。
A.进步教育运动的开展
B.地方教育税与强迫入学制度的建立
C.“回归基础”与“生计教育运动”的开展
D.赫尔巴特教学法在小学教育中实践推广
31.日本明治维新时期在创办新式大学的过程中十分注重借鉴国外经验，其学习与借鉴的主要国家对象是()。
A.英国
B.法国
C.德国
D.美国
32.美国进步教育运动因1929年—1933年经济危机而发生明显转向，具体表现为()。
A.从中等教育转向初等教育
B.从重视集体教学转向重视个别教学
C.从教育理论研究转向进步学校实验研究
D.从强调儿童自由发展转向重视发挥教育的社会职能
33.20世纪前半期法国“新大学同志会”为实现民主教育和择优录取而推行的教育改革运动是()。
A.新学校运动
B.统一学校运动
C.公立学校运动
D.大学推广运动
34.根据埃里克森的人格发展理论，中学生人格发展的主要任务是获得()。
A.勤奋感
B.自主性
C.自我同一性
D.亲密感
35.丽丽是个害羞的女生，即将参加演讲比赛。如果她是内控型的人，她很可能将演讲的成功归因于()。
A.自己具有这个能力
B.认真的准备
C.运气好
D.任务要求简单
36.某学生花20分钟学习一首短诗刚好成诵。为了防止遗忘，他又继续学习了10分钟，这种学习属于()。
A.适度学习
B.过度学习
C.掌握学习
D.意义学习
37.某学生在体操技能训练中表现为：整体动作趋于协调连贯，多余动作有所减少，视觉控制逐渐让位于动觉控制，但动作技能商未达到自动化()。
A.操作定向阶段
B.操作模仿阶段
C.操作熟练阶段
D.整合阶段
38.学生采用画图表或提纲的.方式整理所学知识。这种学习策略属于()。
A.资源管理策略
B.元认知策略
C.精加工策略
D.组织策略
39.以下属于教育科学定性研究特性的陈述中，不正确的是()。
A.倾向于采用演绎的思维方式
B.把自然情景作为资料的直接来源
C.更加关注研究过程，而不只关注研究结果
D.资料收集与呈现通常采用文字或图片的方式
40.为了探讨家庭教育与儿童身心发展之间的关系，某研究者提出了“家庭教育方式与儿童身心发展相关”的研究假设，这个假设属于( )。
A.方向性假设
B.非方向性假设
C.解释性假设
D.预测性假设
41.如果抽样总体中存在周期性的波动和变化，为了保证样本的代表性，研究者应该避免采用的取样方式是()。
A.简单随机抽样
B.系统随机抽样
C.分层随机抽样
D.整群随机抽样
42.从理论上讲，具有最佳区分度的试题的难度值是()。
A. 1.00
B. 0.75
C. 0.50
D. 0.25
43.根据伦理原则，不能用以检验“体罚会导致儿童反社会行为”这一假设的研究方法是()。
A.经验总结法
B.教育访谈法
C.教育实验法
D.教育问卷法
44.真实验与准实验的最大区别在于()。
A.自变量个数不同
B.因变量测评方法不同
C.无关变量个数不同
D.无关变量控制程度不同
45.某初中三年级语文、数学、英语、物理四门学科期末考试成绩的平均分和标准差如下。其中平均数的代表性程度最高的学科是()。
A.语文：79.3
B.数学：85.2
C.英语：90.4
D.物理：75.5
二、辨析题：46-48小题，每小题15分，共45分。首先判断正误，然后阐明理由。
46.因材施教有悖于教育公平。
47.《学记》所说的“教学相长”本义是指教师的教与学生的学互相促进，共同提高。
48.合作学习是一种合乎维果茨基“最近发展区学习理论”的学习方法。
三、简答题：49-53小题，每小题15分，共75分。
49.列举三种利用个体身心发展的差异性特点的教育措施。
50.简述布鲁姆教育目标分类学对泰勒课程编制原理的发展。
51.简述国民政府在抗日战争时期的重要教育举措。
52.简述学习动机的目标定向理论。
53.简述问卷调查中封闭式问卷题目答案设计的基本要求。
四、分析论述题：54-56小题，每小题30分，共90分。
54.
材料1：我们真的需要学校吗?不是指教育，而是强制上学：6节课一天，一周五天，一年九个月，十二年。这个死规矩是否真的必要?如果真有必要，原因何在?不要以阅读、写作、算术来搪塞，因为有200万“在家上学的学生”对这种老生常谈早已置之不理。如果这还不算，有一批美国名人从来没有像我们的孩子受过十二年一贯制学校的修理，仍然出类拔萃，独领风骚。
材料2：美国学者亚历山大·英格利斯认为学校具有以下6种功能：
①修正或调解作用
②整合作用
③分析和指导作用
④分拣作用
⑤选拔作用
⑥预备教育的作用。
如此这般政府不会遇到挑战，而公司永不缺乏听话的劳动力。
根据约翰·泰勒·盖托著，汪小英译《上学真的有用吗?》改编。
(1)结合材料1分析学校教育日趋制度化带来的影响。
(2)材料2所说的六种学校教育功能中，哪些属于负功能?哪些属于隐性功能?这些功能必然存在吗?请举例说明。
(3)针对材料1、2反映的问题，现代教育制度应做哪些改进?
55. 20世纪二三十年代苏联相继颁布实施了《国家学术委员会教学大纲》和《关于小学和中学的决定》。试述评其中有关系统知识教学与生产劳动相结合的规定及其实施结果。
56.请在Ⅰ、Ⅱ两道试题中任选一题做答。若两题都答，只按第Ⅰ道题的成绩计分。
Ⅰ.为激励学生努力学习，提高成绩，某学校规定：今后每次考试都将根据前次考试成绩，给全学年学生安排考场。成绩前50名学生在第一考场，51-100名的学生在第二考场，依次类推。
(1)这种做法试图通过影响哪种心理需求来刺激学生的学习动机?
(2)试述学习动机与学习效果的关系
(3)从学习动机学习效果关系的角度对这种做法的有效性作出分析。
Ⅱ.小学语文教师王老师酷爱传统文化，他在语文教学中感到，借助繁体字可以帮助学生对生字的理解和记忆。于是，他计划在文献研究基础上申报课题，在学校科研顾问黄教授帮助下，开展改善识字教学的行动研究。请按照要求大体。
(1)试为该课题设计一个课题名称，
(2)请为该课题设计文献检索的主题词和文献综述的基本框架。
(3)该课题的研究主体、研究对象和研究样本是什么?
(4)请按照凯米斯程序，说明该课题研究的主要步骤及每一步骤的具体要求。
篇8：传播学自考试题答案
传播学自考试题答案
一、填空
1、示现的 再现的 机器
2、表述和理解 传达 思考
3、“多媒体”
4、下行传播 上行传播 横向传播。
5、商品属性 文化属性
6、广泛的大众 少数权力精英 心理实验法 抽样调查法 阿尔及尔宣言 经验学派 批判学派
二、名词解释
1、拟态环境答案要点：
所谓“拟态环境”也就是我们所说的信息环境，它并不是现实环境的“镜子”式的再现，而是传播媒介通过对象征性事件或信息进行选择和加工、重新加以结构化以后向人们提示的环境。
但是，这种加工、选择和结构化活动是在一般人看不到的地方(媒介内部) 进行的，所以人们一般意识不到这一点，而往往把“拟态环境”作为客观环境本身来对待。
大众传播形成的信息环境（拟态环境）不仅制约人的认知和行为，而且通过制约人的认识和行为来对客观的现实产生影响。
2、集合行为答案要点：
其指的是在某种刺激条件下发生的非常态社会集合现象。比如火灾、地震后的群众骚乱，出于某种原因的自发集合、游行、种族冲突，物价上涨的流言引起的抢购风潮等。
集合行为多以群集、恐慌、流言、骚动的形态出现，往往会造成对正常社会秩序的干扰和破坏。
集合行为是一种自发的反常现象，有其特殊的传播机制。
3、知晓权答案要点：
广义上来说，指的是社会成员获得有关自身所处的环境及其变化的信息、保障社会生活所需的各种有用信息的权利，从这个意义上来说，它也是人的生存权的基本内容之一。
从狭义上来说，知晓权指的是公民对国家的立法、司法和行政等公共权力机构的活动所拥有的知情或知察的权利，这是公民的一项基本政治权利，也意味着公共权力机构对公民负有信息公开的责任和义务。
4、传播效果答案要点：
其一，它指的是带有说服动机的传播行为在受传者身上引起的心理、态度和行为的变化。这里的传播效果，通常意味着传播活动在多大程度上实现了传播者的意图或目的.；
其二，它指的是传播活动尤其是报刊、广播、电视等大众传播媒介的活动对受传者和社会所产生的一切影响和结果的总体，不管这些影响是有意的还是无意的、直接的还是间接的、显在地还是潜在的。其又表现为三个层面：环境认知效果、价值形成与维护效果和社会行为示范效果。
三、简答
1、答案要点：
所谓传播，即社会信息的传递或社会信息系统的运行。人类社会传播有以下特点： a. 社会传播是一种信息共享活动；
b. 社会传播是在一定社会关系中进行的，又是一定社会关系的体现；
c. 它是一种双向的社会互动行为；
d. 传受双方必须要有共通的意义空间；
e. 传播是一种行为，是一种过程，也是一种系统。
2、答案要点：
一集大成者：施拉姆，传播学科的奠基者；
二大学派：批判学派和经验学派
三大来源：传播学来源于信息科学、“三论”和新闻学
四大先驱：拉斯韦尔、卢因、拉扎斯菲尔德、霍夫兰
五大研究领域：控制研究、内容分析、媒介分析、受众分析、效果分析
篇9：自考公司法试题答案
自考公司法试题答案
Question:
In relation to employment law, explain the meaning of redundancy and the rules which govern it.
Answer:
Redundancy is defined in s.139（1） Employment Rights Act （ERA） as being: 'if the dismissal is wholly or mainly attributable to:
（a） the fact that his employer has ceased, or intends to cease,
（i） to carry on the business for the purposes of which the employee was employed by him, or
（ii） to carry on that business in the place where the employee was so employed, or
（b） the fact that the requirements of that business
（i） for employees to carry out work of a particular kind, or
（ii） for employees to carry out work of a particular kind in the place where the employee was so employed by the employer, have ceased or diminished or are expected to cease or diminish.
In order to qualify for redundancy payments, an employee must have been continuously employed by the same employer or associated company for a period of two years. At the outset of redundancy proceedings the onus is placed on the employee to show that they have been dismissed, which they do by demonstrating that they are covered by s.136 ERA 1996, which provides four types of dismissal. These are:
（i） the contract of employment is terminated by the employer with or without notice;
（ii） a fixed term contract has expired and has not been renewed;
（iii） the employee terminates the contract with or without notice in circumstances which are such that he or she is entitled to terminate it without notice by reason of the employer's conduct;
（iv） the contract is terminated by the death of the employer, or the dissolution or liquidation of the firm.
Once dismissal has been established, a presumption in favour of redundancy operates and the onus shifts to the employer to show that redundancy was not the reason for the dismissal.
Employees who have been dismissed by way of redundancy are entitled to claim a redundancy payment from their former employer. Under ERA 1996, the actual figures are calculated on the basis of the person's age, length of continuous service and weekly rate of pay subject to statutory maxima. Thus employees between the ages of 18 and 21 are entitled to ？ week's pay for each year of service, those between 22 and 40 are entitled to 1 week's pay for every year of service, and those between 41 and 65 are entitled to 1？ weeks' pay for every year of service.
The maximum number of years service which can be claimed is 20 and as the maximum level of pay which can be claimed is ￡430, the maximum total which can be claimed is ￡12,900 （i.e. 1·5 x 20 x 430）.
Disputes in relation to redundancy claims are heard before an Employment Tribunal and on appeal go to the Employment Appeal Tribunal. The employer must act as would be expected of a 'reasonable employer' and in determining whether the employer has acted reasonably, the Employment Tribunal will consider whether, in the circumstances 'including the size and administrative resources of the employer's undertaking, the employer acted reasonably or unreasonably in treating it as a sufficient reason for dismissing the employee' （s.98（4） ERA 1996）. Reasonable employers should follow the ACAS Code of Practice on Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures in relation to the way they discipline and dismiss their employees. Thus redundancy, per se, does not provide a justification for dismissal, unless the employer had introduced and operated a proper redundancy scheme, which included, preferably, objective criteria for deciding who should be made redundant, and provided for the consideration of redeployment rather than redundancy.
篇10：大学语文自考试题答案
一、单项选择题
1.《爱尔克的灯光》中，“爱尔克的灯光”象征着
A.旧生活的悲剧和希望的破灭
B.旧家庭、旧礼教走向没落、崩溃的历程
C.作者对新生活的信念和对理想的追求
D.爱尔克对弟弟的爱及作者姐姐对作者的爱
2.《都江堰》发出了“活着或死了应该站在哪里”的疑问，下列语句中，符合作者意图的回答是
A.站在滔滔的江边，完成了一个“守”字的原始造型
B.长城摆出一副老资格等待人们的修缮
C.把一批批有所执持的学者遴选为无所专攻的官僚
D.离索桥东端不远的玉垒山麓，建有一座二王庙，祭祀李冰父子
3.下列《湘夫人》语词中，指湘君的是
A.“帝子降兮北渚”中的“帝子”
B.“目眇眇兮愁予”中的“予”
C.“思公子兮未敢言”中的“公子”
D.“闻佳人兮召予”中的“佳人”
4.下列《行路难》(其一)诗句中，包含了吕尚典故的是
A.停杯投箸不能食
B.闲来垂钓碧溪上
C.忽复乘舟梦日边
D.长风破浪会有时
5.《长恨歌》中唐玄宗、杨贵妃七月七日密誓之所是
A.未央宫
B.昭阳殿
C.蓬莱宫
D.长生殿
6.《早雁》中“须知胡骑纷纷在，岂逐春风一一回”的深层含义是
A.暗讽朝廷无能，同情百姓有家难归
B.暗示战事紧张，表达对国势的忧虑
C.暗指百姓纷纷逃难，流离失所
D.暗示自己漂泊异乡又无可奈何
7.下列《祖国啊，我亲爱的祖国》的意象中，感叹祖祖辈辈的美好理想在久远的贫穷与悲哀中一再失落的是
A.干瘪的稻穗
B.神话的蛛网
C.雪被下古莲的胚芽
D.“飞天”与未落地面的“花朵”
8.下列《我愿是一条急流》意象中，比喻“我”的是
A.崎岖的道路
B.城堡的废墟
C.熊熊的烈火
D.黄昏的太阳
9.《婴宁》写移葬鬼母时婴宁的表现是
A.孜孜憨笑
B.笑不可遏
C.矢不复笑
D.反笑为哭
10.下列《哦，香雪》句子中，运用心理描写的是
A.娘攒下鸡蛋，不是为了叫她乱打主意啊!可是，为什么那诱人的哒哒声老是在耳边响个没完
B.她尽量高高地踮起脚尖，希望车厢里的人能看见她的脸
C.当她断定它属于靠窗那位女学生模样的姑娘时，就果断地跑过去敲起了玻璃
D.当她红着脸告诉女学生，想用鸡蛋和她换铅笔盒时，女学生不知怎么的也红了脸
二、简析题
1.阅读《寡人之于国也》中的一段文字，回答问题：
不违农时，谷不可胜食也;数罟不入洿池，鱼鳖不可胜食也;斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也。谷与鱼鳖不可胜食，材木不可胜用，是使民养生丧死无憾也。养生丧死无憾，王道之始也。
A.指出这段文字的论点。
B.说明这段文字使用的论证方法。
C.文中的“王道”包含了孟子什么样的治国思想?
2.阅读《纪念傅雷》中的下列文字，回答问题：
傅雷的性格，最突出的是他的刚直。在青年时候，他的刚直还近于狂妄。所以孔子说：“好刚不好学，其蔽也狂。”傅雷从昆明回来以后，在艺术的涵养，知识学问的累积之后，他才成为具有浩然之气的儒家之刚者，这种刚直的品德，在任何社会中，都是难得见到的，连孔子也说过：“吾未见刚者。”
傅雷之死，完成了他的崇高品德，今天我也不必说“愿你安息吧”，只愿他的刚劲，永远弥漫于知识分子中间。
A.作者为什么说傅雷“在青年时候，他的刚直还近于狂妄”?
B.作者认为什么样的人是“儒家之刚者”?
C.为什么作者不说“愿你安息吧”?
3.阅读《声声慢》(寻寻觅觅)，回答问题：
寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来风急!雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。
满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘!守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑!梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第，怎一个愁字了得!
A.本词的主旨是什么?
B.指出两例运用移情于景手法的词句。
C.指出文中一例直抒胸臆的呼告句，并说明其表达的`艺术效果。
4.阅读《再别康桥》中的两节，回答问题：
软泥上的青荇，
油油的在水底招摇;
在康河的柔波里，
我甘心做一条水草!
那榆荫下的一潭，
不是清泉，是天上虹，
揉碎在浮藻间，
沉淀着彩虹似的梦。
A.这两节诗表达了怎样的情怀?
B.指出其中自喻为物的诗句。
C.“彩虹似的梦”象征什么?
5.阅读《苦恼》中的一段文字，回答问题：
姚纳回转身去，想说一说他儿子是怎么死的，可是这当儿驼背轻松地吁一口气，说是谢天谢地，他们总算到了。姚纳收下二十个戈比，对着那几个玩乐的客人的后影瞧了好半天，他们走进一个漆黑的门口，不见了。他又孤单了，寂静又向他侵袭过来……苦恼刚淡忘了不久，现在又回来了，更为有力地撕扯他的胸膛。姚纳的眼睛焦灼而痛苦地打量大街两边川流不息的人群：难道在那成千上万的人当中，连一个愿意听他讲话的人都找不到吗?人群匆匆地来去，没有人理会他和他的苦恼……那苦恼是浩大的，无边无际。要是姚纳的胸裂开，苦恼滚滚地流出来的话，那苦恼仿佛会淹没全世界似的，可是话虽如此，那苦恼偏偏没人看见。那份苦恼竟包藏在这么渺小的躯壳里，哪怕在大白天举着火把去找也找不到……
A.概括这段文字的内容。
B.“那苦恼偏偏没人看见。那份苦恼竟包藏在这么渺小的躯壳里，哪怕在大白天举着火把去找也找不到”所表达的深刻内涵是什么?
C.指出文中与“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流”意思相仿的语句。
三、作文题
古代有个官员对下属们讲了一件事：昨天雨后乘轿进城，轿夫穿的是双新鞋。开始，他小心地挑着干净地面落脚，后来一不小心踩进泥水里，于是便不再顾及新鞋。一个下属听后说：“终生不敢忘。”
结合上面材料，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章，文体不限，诗歌除外。
答案：
一、单项选择题
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D
6.A 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.A
二、简析题
1.A.养生丧死无憾，王道之始也
B.归纳法
C.以民为本，施仁政
2.A.作者认为傅雷青年时期的刚直正如孔子所说的“好刚不好学，其蔽也狂”，还只是一般的个人脾性
B.具有艺术的涵养与知识学问的累积但又能坚持原则
C.尽管痛惜傅雷的不幸，但更希望知识分子继承他的刚劲品格
3.A.抒写作者晚年孤独无依的生活境况和内心深处的绝望哀愁
B.“三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来风急”，“雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识”
C.“守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑”或“这次第，怎一个愁字了得”;强化了绝望之情的抒发
4.A.重游故地时眷恋、珍惜而又略带忧郁的情怀
B.在康河的柔波里，我甘心做一条水草
C.美好的理想
5.A.姚纳想向乘客及其他人倾诉自身的苦恼，却无人理会，使他更加痛苦孤独
B.黑暗社会无视小人物的痛苦
C.要是姚纳的胸裂开，苦恼滚滚地流出来的话，那苦恼仿佛会淹没全世界似的
篇11：自考创业教育试题答案
自考创业教育试题答案
一、单项选择题(每小题1分。共30分)
在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案。并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内。
1．个体心理活动和行为的基本动力是( B ) A．动机 B．需要 C．兴趣 D．信念、
2．意志对( A )和行为具有重要的调节作用。
A．心理活动 B．性格特征 C．认知特征 D．气质特征
3．面对在创业过程中的种种挑战采取回避的态度，对许多创业活动因害怕失败而不敢尝试，在创业实践中畏畏缩缩，裹足不前。这种创业心理障碍表现称为( C )
A．双重人格 B．自恋性人格 C．畏缩性人格 D．情绪不稳
4．创业的过程也是人的创业潜能不断开发、( D )不断提高的过程。
A．创业信念 B．创业兴趣 C．创业动机 D．创业能力
5．能力是知识、智力加( B )的结果。
A．理论 B．实践 C．资本 D．资金
6．创业者的思维方式要由封闭型转变为开放式，由单一性转向( C )
A．双向性 B．多向性 C．多维性 D．单维性
7．信息处理的最基本要求是经过处理后信息资料应( C )，以保证它的有效利用。
A．充分 B．新颖 C．准确 D．吸引力强
8.为提高创业信息的灵活度,使之能够灵敏、及时地反映市场的变化,应进行( A )
A．信息优化 B．信息分类 C．信息收集 D．信息计算
9．制定的创业目标不仅要注意切合实际，还必须注意创业目标的 ( D )
A．计划性 B．创造性 C．可靠性 D．可行性
10．组织结构设计的任务是提供组织结构系统图和( B )及职务说明等。
A．编制职务等级 B．编制职务描述 C．编写职务内容 D．指出任职资格
11．创业者的( C )将会对创业形象的塑造起至关重要的作用。
A．创业信心 B．创业信念 C．创业理念 D．创业动机
12．创业者在制定管理方案时，只有立足现实，( B )，才能长期保持主动和领先。
A．着眼当前 B．着眼未来 C．立足早期 D．立足未来
13．由于人的需要不同，能力各异，对于不同的管理方式会有不同的反应。这是( C )假设的要点之一。
A．“经济人” B．“社会人” C．“复杂人” D．“自然人”
14．开创一个新的企业，最大的困难就是如何获得( D )
A．项目 B．执照 C．卫生许可证 D．资金
15．加强风险预测是有效地规避或者控制( C )风险的重要形式。
A．运作型 B．环境型 C．决策型 D．政策型
16．免责条款是指在某种情况下( B )可以不承担违约责任的条款。
A．投保人 B．保险人 C．自然人 D．法人
17．对创业形象内涵的把握，既是一个认识的过程，更是一个( C )的过程。
A．试验 B．实验 C．实践 D．练习
18．创业者要想提高个人魅力，必须不断地提高( A )，给下属乃至公众留有一个能办大事、能成大气候的感受。
A．协调能力 B．文化程度 C．学历层次 D．专业技能
19．创新与挖潜能力的实质是( A )，不断产生新的主意和方法。
A．创造性思维 B．传统性思维 C．理想化思考 D．周密性思考
20.创业者在需要花费高成本采集信息前,应先尽一切努力从( D )中采集信息。
A．问卷调查 B．直接观察 C．非公共领域 D．公共领域
21．通过创业计划来熟悉企业，了解它的目标，判断是否值得为其提供资金的是( C )
A．创业者 B．生产者 C．投资者 D．使用者
22．创业者要以( D )作为确立创业目标的首要依据，力争在社会发展的大舞台上有所作为。
A．个人理想 B．个人需求 C．地方需求 D．社会需求
23．对创业活动的目标及实现目标过程中所涉及的内容作出具体安排的是( B )
A．创业目标 B．创业计划 C．创业意识 D．创业动机
24．创业者选择企业法律形式时应考虑的主要因素之一是( C )
A．产品类型 B人员构成 C．资金筹措及所有权转移 D．组织结构
25．既切合实际，又可以( B )，是创业目标确立过程中必须注意的两个方面。
A．上升为理论 B．付诸实践 C．适应形势 D．符合社会需要
26．对创业活动进行全面勾画和描述的是( A )P107
A．创业设想 B．创业目标 C．创业精神 D．创业动机
27．在企业管理的许多要素中，( D )是最宝贵的资源和财富。
A．生产资料 B．生活资料 C．资金 D．人
28．在现代经济生活中，空间贬值了，而( B )却日益显得宝贵，它意味着财富。
A．空间 B．时间 C．区间 D．区域
29．公众信任是创业成功的必要前提，失去公众信任，就意味着失去了( D )
A．创业信心 B．创业信念 C．创业时间 D．创业空间
30．参加保险是创业者有效地实施( D )的重要形式。
A．风险预警 B．风险监测 C．风险研究 D．风险救济
二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)
31．创业心理品质是创业 精神 形成的基础。
32．性格是个人对现实的态度和行为方式中表现出来的稳定的 人格心理 特征。
33．自然信息是指 自然界 产生的各种信息。
34．创业计划书中的 组织计划 主要描述新创企业的所有制形式。
35．我们所处的时代是信息时代，科学地利用 时间 十分关键。
36．创业者要自觉地把个人的事业、企业的发展和 社会 的需要、人类的进步有机统一起来。
37．创业融资是把握住创业投资机会的 前提 条件。
38．现代租赁最基本的形式为融资性租赁和 经营性 租赁。
39．由某个单个因素的独立作用，或者是某几个因素的相互作用所引发的风险，称为 局部 性风险。
40．在创业的宏观环境中所蕴含的风险称为 环境型 风险。
三、名词解释(每小题3分。共15分)
41．集中性经营策略:是指创业者将全部精力集中于市场的某一部分，实习专业化的生产销售。
42．经济人：又称实利人，是人们在实际活动中都要追求个人利益，社会上个人利益又受他人利益的制约。共同利益是为了追求个人利益，同时兼顾他人利益，因此，社会利益正是以个人利益为立脚点的。
43．经营性租赁：又称使用租赁，是出租人将自己经营的出租物进行出租，直到该出租物品被淘汰为止的而一种租赁形式。
44．风险投资：也称创业投资，是有职业金融家投入新兴的、迅速发展的、有巨大竞争潜力的企业中的一种股权资本。
45．创业机会：就是在特定的条件下，各方面的因素配置恰当，产生有利的条件。
四、简答题(46题5分。47―51题每小题6分，共35分)
46．为什么说信息具有共享性特征?
答：信息作为一种资源，可以提供全人类共同享有，它不是某个人、
某个社会、某个国家的私用品和专利品。信息的发明、发现人是信息的所有者，传播给别人后自己仍然拥有。也就是说，信息可以同时被多个用户享用和使用。
47．如何衡量一个创业者是否具有成功企业家的战略头脑?P143 答:
48．简述泰罗制管理理论的主要缺陷。
答：第一 他忽视了人在生产过程中的行为活动的心理动机。把工人当成及其的一部分。
第二，它忽视了组织管理的作用，低估了统一指挥在整个系统中的作用
49．简述经济活动中因缺乏诚信而产生的严重后果。
答：1由于缺乏信用，出现了我国特有的“三角债”和其他各种形式的付款违约与货款拖欠现象。
2因为缺乏信用，许多企业只敢与老客户打交道，不敢贸然寻找新的伙伴和进修经营扩张，资源配置效率低下，对未来的投资和贸易活动更趋于谨慎和收缩。
3 因为缺乏信用，更有一些企业成为了惊弓之鸟，不是现付或没有足够的数量的预付款就不敢交易，交易方式向现金交易和以货易货等更为原始的方式退化的现象，资金流转的效益无从产生。
50．为什么在防范创业风险时必须坚持事前性原则?
答：创业者应该着重于风险发生前的防范行为，以事后的风险救济行为为补充。只有注重了事前分风险防范，才有可能规避风险或控制风
险，阻却风险的释放。如果风险已经释放，一般来说损失已经造成了，所能做的就只有尽可能减少风险释放所造成的损失了。因此，事前防范原则应该是创业风险防范的“金科玉律”
51．为什么采集到的信息都必须经过处理环节才能使用?P81 答：一 无论是通过市场调查所获取的信息，还是通过网上或者查阅文献资料所获取的信息，在处理之前都是一种原始状态的信息。
二 信息处理过程也是钱去粗取精、去伪纯真的一个过程 三 通过信息的处理，还可以产生出新的更有价值的信息。 五、论述题(10分)
52．试述在创业过程中如何有效地提取、利用信息。P91
答；信息的提取一般分为以下三种：信息利用的意向性提取、信息利用的实践性提取、信息利用的探索性提取
在利用信息时应该注意以下几点:一 信息的利用要及时二 信息的利用要力求充分 三 信息的利用要系统化
[自考创业教育试题答案]
篇12：新闻摄影自考试题答案
新闻摄影自考试题答案
一、选择题（每题1分，共15分）
1、彩色放大校色时，如果样片偏黄，应该加（）。
A、黄滤色片
B、品红滤色片
C、蓝滤色片
D、青滤色片
2、以下哪一种配方对景物阴暗部位层次有很好的表现，显出的底片银粒极细，影像柔和，可以提高胶片的感光度，是良好的增感显影液（）。
A、D-23
B、D-76
C、D-96
D、PQ-FGF
3、曝光量不够的底片不能正确记录景物暗的部位的影纹，（）
A、整个底片银盐堆积较薄，透明性太强。
B、整个底片银盐堆积较多，透明性效果差。
C、用这样的底片印出的照片，景物中明亮的部分没有反差，层次差。
D、用这样的底片印出的照片，只有原景物中的阴暗部位才有影纹。
4、决定超焦距的因素是（）。
A、景深
B、镜头焦距和光圈口径
C、拍摄距离和景深
D、景物大小
5、下列哪种测光表适宜用来测量亮度较均匀的景物（）。
A、反射光式测光表
B、入射式测光表
C、光点度数测光表
D、漫射式测光表
6、下列感光片中，哪个洗出的底片反差最小，银粒最粗（）。
A、100度
B、200度
C、400度
D、800度
7、注重表现景物的局部和细节，从细微处揭示事物特征的景别是（）。
A、全景
B、中景
C、近景
D、特写
8、黑白感光片中的中速片是（）。
A、ISO25/15°
B、ISO800/30°
C、ISO100/21°
D、ISO400/27°
9、如欲表现太阳光芒四射的效果，则应采用（）。
A、小光圈
B、大光圈
C、长焦距
D、超焦距
10、下列药品配制黑白显影液时，哪种显影速度最快（）。
A、对苯二酚
B、米吐尔
C、菲尼酮
D、依伦
11、由测光感应器把取景器中的画面分为若干区域，分别测得每个区域的光线情况，并对每个区域内的光比，反差情况进行分析，综合各个区域的光线情况，选择适当的曝光值（）。
A、重点测光式
B、中央重点测光式
C、矩形测光式
D、平均测光式
12、下列国产黑白相纸（）型号反差最弱。
A、4号
B、3号
C、2号
D、1号
13、拍摄雪天的人物，应以（）为曝光依据。
A、人物面部受光情况
B、雪中阴影部分亮度
C、雪中明亮部分亮度
D、天空的亮度
14、下列常被用做配制停显液的化学药品是（）。
A、无水亚硫酸钠
B、醋酸钠
C、冰醋酸
D、结晶亚硫酸钠
15、拍摄雪景时，整个景物亮度过大，可采用（）来降低亮度。
A、色盲镜
B、天光镜
C、偏振镜
D、光芒镜
二、填空（每题1分，共15分）
1、照相机焦平面快门位于____平面位置。
2、镜头焦距越短，景深范围越____。
3、____是指拍摄者所处的位置，也是受众的位置。
4、彩色暗房用____作为安全灯。
5、感光度是指感光片对光线的____程度。
6、波拉片就是我们通常所说的____片。
7、____的变化能引起主体与环境的关系变化，从而形成各种景别的摄影画面。
8、扩印机是根据____来校色的。
9、黑白显影液中抑制剂的作用是防止显影过程中产生____现象。
10、明度是指____色彩的程度。
11、欲使人像较为亲切自然，我们应采用____的拍摄视角为。
12、超焦距与景深之间是____关系。
13、高感光度的胶片的反差____。
14、彩色相纸由____纸基和感光乳剂构成。
15、数码影像的处理是通过电脑和____来完成。
三、判断题（每题1分，共15分）
1、在配制黑白显影液时，不需要按一定的顺序溶解化学药品。（）
2、稀释后的黑白配方的显影液，有助于提高影像的分辨力的清晰度，影像层次更为丰富。（）
3、高温显影会造成灰雾度的增加。（）
4、显影剂是一种还原剂。（）
5、使用柔光镜可以使画面产生雾状效果，减低反差，如果故意对焦不准也可以产生同样的效果。（）
6、在拍摄时使用追随法，所用的快门速度越低越好。（）
7、曝光就是感光。（）
8、要表现粗质地的事物，最好选用感光度较低的胶片。（）
9、主光的位置应该靠近相机，与镜头的夹角在0-20度之间。（）
10、彩色相纸的感光度低于黑白相纸。（）
11、黑白胶片上的银颗粒是半透明体。（）
12、钾矾可以用做定影剂。（）
13、对苯二酚的显影能力受温度影响较大。（）
14、普利策新闻奖中的摄影奖从1924年开始颁发。（）
15、红色滤光镜的颜色越深，滤色作用越小。（）
四、名词解释（每题3分，共15分）
1、UV镜
2、偏光镜
3、景深现象
4、闪光指数
5、二次曝光
五、简答题（每题6分，共30分）
1、简述正确曝光的'概念？
2、独立测光表的测光方式有哪些？
3、简述什么是光圈优先与速度优先？
4、影响放大感光的因素有哪些？
5、简述新闻摄影的优势。
六、论述（每题10分，共20分）
1、试论新闻摄影的特性。
2、试论拍摄取景时应考虑的基本问题。
答案
一、选择（每题1分，共15分）
A D A B A D D C A C C D A C C
二、填空（每题1分，共15分）
1焦点
2 越大
3拍摄点
4低压钠灯
5 敏感
6一步成像
7 拍摄距离
8中性灰
9灰雾
10明暗
11水平视角
12 反比
13低
14三层
15 软件
三、判断（每题1分，共15分）
× √ √ √ × × √ × × × × × √ × ×
四、名词解释（每题3分，共15分）
1、UV镜：紫外线滤光镜
2、偏光镜：又叫偏振镜，可以防止偏振光，也就是非金属物体光滑的表面所反射的光线
3、景深现象：在调焦过程中，尤其在使用长焦距镜头、采用了大光圈拍摄特写性画面时，会发现在对焦物体的前后形成了一个清晰的区域，不仅对焦物体清晰可见，清晰区域里的其他事物也清晰可见，这个清晰区域的范围就是景深范围，这种现象就是景深现象。
4、闪光指数：闪光灯在瞬间内发出光线的强度。
5、二次曝光：是利用相机的多次曝光的功能，在同一张底片上进行两次曝光。
五、简答（每题4分，共20分）
1、正确曝光就是要根据景物的亮度和记录、表现景物的需要，来选择适当的光圈和快门的组合，正确记录景物的影像于感光片上的（2分）。正确曝光能将原景物的亮度层次记录下来（2分）。
2、（每点1分）
（1）反射光式测光表
（2）入射光式测光表
（3）入射光和反射光两用型测光表
（4）光点读数测光表
3、（每点2分）
（1）光圈优先是要求拍摄者先输入拍摄所需要的光圈的值，加上预先已经输入的胶片的感光度的值和自动测光系统测得的景物亮度值，相机便可以自动调节快门速度，使景物获得正确的曝光。
（2）速度优先是要求拍摄者先输入快门速度，加上预先输入的胶片感光度的值和自动测光系统测得的景物的亮度值，相机便可以自动调节光圈的系数，使景物获得正确的曝光。
4、（每点1分）
（1）光源的亮度
（2）底片的厚薄
（3）放大尺寸的大小
（4）光圈的大小
5、（每点1分，表达1分）
新闻摄影的优势在于：
（1）视觉直观性：与文字新闻和口语广播相比，新闻问摄影的优势在于其视觉直观性。
（2）现场可证性：与文字新闻、口语广播相比，新闻图片的另一个独特的优势是其现场可证性。
（3）瞬间永久性：与新闻电视和新闻记录电影相比，新闻摄影还具有瞬间永久性的优势。
六、论述（每题10分，共20分）
1、（综合表述2分）
（一）新闻性：新闻价值是新闻摄影的第一取向，新闻摄影报道应当最大限度地追求新闻着应报道的信息含量。（2分）
（1）重视重大题材的新闻摄影报道
（2）多拍独家新闻
（3）敢于攻难度大的题材
（4）注重报道的时效性
（二）真实性：真实是新闻的生命。（4分）
新闻摄影真实性的基本要求：
（1）新闻摄影所拍摄的对象应当有真实性，应当是真人真事；拍得的图片还必须符合真人真事的本来面目，也就是说应做到事实真实。
（2）从总体上看，所拍摄的人物、事物、瞬间形象都应该具有典型性、代表性，能够反映人物的性格特征和事物的本来面貌、特点，也就是说应做到总体的真实。
（3）应尽可能抓取典型人物在典型环境中自然流露出的典型瞬间形象，从而保证新闻形象的自然和真实。
（4）文字说明应准确而真实，不能含糊、更不能随意编造。
（三）形象性：新闻照片提供的是直观的视觉形象，具有可视性。拍摄的新闻形象应有形象冲击力。（2分）
所谓形象冲击力主要是指：
（1）吸引力
（2）感染力
（3）说服力
（4）震撼人心的效果
2、（1）拍摄点的选择（2分）
A、拍摄距离（远景、全景、中景、近景、特写）
B、拍摄角度（水平视角、仰视、俯视）
（2）横竖画面的确定（3分）
A、被摄体的形状
B、主线条给视觉刺激力的强弱
C、主体移动的方向
（3）画面的结构中心是明视中心的位置（1分）
（4）如何突出主体（2分）
对比的方法（形态对比、大小对比、动静对比、影调对比）
透视规律的运用
（5）前景、背景的运用（1分）
画面主体前面的景物是前景，画面主体后面的景物是背景。
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