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postgres 数据备份与恢复

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postgres 数据备份与恢复

篇1:postgres 数据备份与恢复

PostgreSQL自带一个客户端pgAdmin,里面有个备份,恢复选项,也能对数据库进行备份 恢复(还原),但最近发现数据库慢慢庞大的时候,经常出错,备份的文件过程中出错的几率那是相当大,手动调节灰常有限,所以一直寻找完美的备份恢复方案。

梦里寻他千百度,伊人却在灯火阑珊处...其实PostgreSQL内置不少的工具,寻找的备份恢复方案就在其中:pg_dump,psql。这两个指令在数据库的安装目录下,比如我自己本地安装的,路径形如:C:Program FilesPostgreSQL9.0;然后进入到bin文件夹,会看到不少的exe文件,这就是PostgreSQL内置的工具了。里面会找到pg_dump.exe,psql.exe两个文件。我们怎么用他们?

用法:

备份数据库,指令如下:

pg_dump -h 164.82.233.54 -U postgres databasename > C:databasename.bak

开始-运行-cmd 弹出dos控制台;然后 在控制台里,进入PostgreSQL安装目录bin下:

cd C:Program FilesPostgreSQL9.0bin

最后执行备份指令:

pg_dump -h 164.82.233.54 -U postgres databasename > C:databasename.bak

指令解释:如上命令,pg_dump 是备份数据库指令,164.82.233.54是数据库的ip地址(必须保证数据库允许外部访问的权限哦~),当然本地的数据库ip写 localhost;postgres 是数据库的用户名;databasename 是数据库名,

> 意思是导出到C:databasename.bak文件里,如果没有写路径,单单写databasename.bak文件名,那么备份文件会保存在C:Program FilesPostgreSQL9.0bin 文件夹里。

恢复数据库,指令如下:

psql -h localhost -U postgres -d databasename < C:databasename.bak

指令解释:如上命令,psql是恢复数据库命令,localhost是要恢复到哪个数据库的地址,当然你可以写上ip地址,也就是说能远程恢复(必须保证数据库允许外部访问的权限哦~);postgres 就是要恢复到哪个数据库的用户;databasename 是要恢复到哪个数据库。< 的意思是把C:databasename.bak文件导入到指定的数据库里。

以上所有的是针对windows而言的,如果在linux下,会不会有效?

在linux里依然有效。有一个值得注意的是:如果直接进入PostgreSQL的安装目录bin下,执行命令,可能会出现 找不到pg_dump,psql的现象,我们在可以这样:

备份:

/opt/PostgreSQL/9.0/bin/pg_dump -h 164.82.233.54 -U postgres databasename > databasename.bak

恢复:

/opt/PostgreSQL/9.0/bin/psql -h localhost -U postgres -d databasename < databasename.bak

原文地址:2goo.info/blog/detail/516/

篇2:逻辑备份与恢复

oracle227

逻辑备份与恢复备份与恢复简介:

备份是数据库中数据的副本,它可以保护数据在出现意外

损失时最大限度的恢复,

Oracle数据库的备份包括以下两种类型:

物理备份是对数据库的操作系统物理文件(如数据文件、控制文件和日志文件等)的备份:RMAN备份

逻辑备份是对数据库逻辑组件(如表、视图和存储过程等数据库对象)的备份:imp[dp]/exp[dp]

故障类型:

导致数据库操作中止的故障包括四种类型:

语句故障:在执行 SQL 语句无效可导致语句故障。

用户进程故障:当用户程序出错而无法访问数据库时发生用户进程故障。导致用户进程故障的原因是异常断开连接或异常终止进程

实例故障:当 Oracle 的数据库实例由于硬件或软件问题而无法继续运行时,就会发生实例故障

介质故障:在数据库无法正确读取或写入某个数据库文件时,会发生介质故障

语句故障select * from aa;//假如aa表并不存在的情况不需要处理用户进程故障用户(死机、用户进程消失了)<――>连接<――>服务器(pmon进程处理,监测到客户端进程消失后马上就把serverPro杀死掉)不需要处理实例故障oracle服务器死机、坏掉了,通过重启oracle就可以解决实例故障不需要处理介质故障硬盘坏了导致数据文件丢失或者损坏了需要dba来进行处理

传统的导入导出:

简介:传统的导出导入程序用于实施数据库的逻辑备份和恢复导出程序将数据库中的对象定义和数据备份到一个操作系统二进制文件中导入程序读取二进制导出文件并将对象和数据载入数据库中传统的导出导入程序是客户端工具。

导出和导入实用程序的特点有:可以按时间保存表结构和数据允许导出指定的表,并重新导入到新的数据库中可以把数据库迁移到另外一台异构服务器上在两个不同版本的Oracle数据库之间传输数据在联机状态下进行备份和恢复可以重新组织表的存储结构,减少链接及磁盘碎片

使用以下三种方法调用导出和导入实用程序:

1,交互提示符:以交互的方式提示用户逐个输入参数的值。

2,命令行参数:在命令行指定执行程序的参数和参数值。

3,参数文件:允许用户将运行参数和参数值存储在参数文件中,以便重复使用参数

导出和导入数据库对象的四种模式是:四种模式独立互斥的,不能同时存在

1,数据库模式:导出和导入整个数据库中的所有对象

2,表空间模式:导出和导入一个或多个指定的表空间中的所有对象

3,用户模式:导出和导入一个用户模式中的所有对象

4,表模式:导出和导入一个或多个指定的表或表分区表的高水位线可以使用导入导出来下降

导出操作的基本命令参数:

参数

说明

USERID

确定执行导出实用程序的用户名和口令

BUFFER

确定导出数据时所使用的缓冲区大小,其大小用字节表示

FILE

指定导出的二进制文件名称,默认的扩展名是.dmp

FULL

指定是否以全部数据库方式导出,只有授权用户才可使用此参数

OWNER

要导出的数据库用户列表

HELP

指定是否显示帮助消息和参数说明

ROWS

确定是否要导出表中的数据

TABLES

按表方式导出时,指定需导出的表和分区的名称

PARFILE

指定传递给导出实用程序的参数文件名

TABLESPACES

按表空间方式导出时,指定要导出的表空间名

[root@ localhost ~]# su - oracle[oracle@ localhost ~]$ clear[oracle@ localhost ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE[oracle@ localhost oracle]$ lsadmin archive cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata pl_sql_pacakge[oracle@ localhost oracle]$ mkdir - p test_imp_exp[oracle@ localhost oracle]$ cd test_imp_exp/[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ ls[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ pwd/u01 /app /oracle /test_imp_exp[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ sqlplus hr/ hr@ jiagulun

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jan 20 23: 50: 52

Copyright ( c) 1982 , , Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to :Oracle Database 11 g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - 64 bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from student;

ID NAMEAGE---------- -------------------- ----------

SQL> select * from address;

XH ZZ---------- ----------

SQL> exit;Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ exp help =y--通过这个来查看关于exp命令的解释

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jan 20 23:51:56 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

You can let Export prompt you for parameters by entering the EXPcommand followed by your username/password :

Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER

Or, you can control how Export runs by entering the EXP command followedby various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

Format: EXP KEYWORD= value or KEYWORD =(value1 ,value2 ,... ,valueN ) Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER GRANTS=Y TABLES=( EMP, DEPT, MGR) or TABLES=( T1: P1, T1: P2), if T1 is partitioned table

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.

Keyword Description (Default )KeywordDescription (Default )--------------------------------------------------------------------------USERID username/password FULL export entire file (N )BUFFER size of data buffer OWNER list of owner usernamesFILE output files (EXPDAT.DMP ) TABLES list of table namesCOMPRESS import into one extent (Y ) RECORDLENGTH length of IO recordGRANTS export grants (Y) INCTYPEincremental export typeINDEXES export indexes (Y ) RECORD track incr. export (Y )DIRECT direct path (N )TRIGGERS export triggers (Y )LOG log file of screen output STATISTICS analyze objects (ESTIMATE )ROWS export data rows (Y ) PARFILEparameter filenameCONSISTENT cross- table consistency (N ) CONSTRAINTS export constraints (Y )

OBJECT_CONSISTENT transaction set to read only during object export (N )FEEDBACK display progress every x rows (0 )FILESIZE maximum size of each dump fileFLASHBACK_SCN SCN used to set session snapshot back toFLASHBACK_TIME time used to get the SCN closest to the specified timeQUERY select clause used to export a subset of a tableRESUMABLEsuspend when a space related error is encountered (N )RESUMABLE_NAME text string used to identify resumable statementRESUMABLE_TIMEOUT wait time for RESUMABLETTS_FULL_CHECK perform. full or partial dependency check for TTSVOLSIZE number of bytes to write to each tape volumeTABLESPACES list of tablespaces to exportTRANSPORT_TABLESPACE export transportable tablespace metadata (N)TEMPLATE template name which invokes iAS mode export

[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ exp hr/ hr@ jiagulun tables =student file=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/hr_student_file.dbf log=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/hr_student_log.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 00:05:42 2015--上面的命令为通过导出表的模式导出student表

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsExport done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path .... . exporting tableSTUDENT 4 rows exportedExport terminated successfully without warnings.[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ ! ls - als - a. .. expdat.dmp hr_student_file.dbf hr_student_log.log

[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ exp hr/ hr@ jiagulun tablespaces= users file=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/hr_tbs_users_file.dbf log=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/hr_tbs_users_log.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 00:08:23 2015--导出表空间

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsEXP-00023 : must be a DBA to do Full Database or Tablespace export--假如是导出数据库或者恶表空间需要dba来做(2) U( sers), or ( 3) T( ables): ( 2) U > u--自动跳到了交互提示符模式:exp

Export grants (yes /no ): yes > yes

Export table data (yes /no ): yes > yes

Compress extents (yes /no ): yes > yes

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export selected tablespaces ...

. exporting referential integrity constraints. exporting triggersExport terminated successfully with warnings.[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ lsexpdat.dmp hr_student_file.dbf hr_student_log.log hr_tbs_users_file.dbf hr_tbs_users_log.log[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ lltotal 40-rw -r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 0 Jan 21 00:02 expdat.dmp-rw -r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 16384 Jan 21 00:05 hr_student_file.dbf-rw -r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 427 Jan 21 00:05 hr_student_log.log-rw -r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 16384 Jan 21 00:10 hr_tbs_users_file.dbf-rw -r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 463 Jan 21 00:10 hr_tbs_users_log.log[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 00: 11: 22 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to :Oracle Database 11 g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - 64 bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create user test1 identified by test1;

User created.

SQL> grant connect, resource to test1 ;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> create table test_export_tab(id number (20 ),name varchar2 (20 ));

Table created.

SQL> insert into test_export_tab values( 1, ‘zhangsan‘);

1 row created.

SQL> exit;Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ exp hr/ hr@ jiagulun tables=test1.test_export_tab file=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/hr_test1_tab_file.dbf log=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/hr_test1_tab_log.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 00:20:07 2015--导出不同用户的表

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsExport done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...EXP-00009 : no privilege to export TEST1 ‘s table TEST_EXPORT_TABExport terminated successfully with warnings.--导出不同用户的数据信息必须有权限[oracle@localhost test_imp_exp]$ exp system/oracle@jiagulun tables=test1.test_export_tab file=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/hr_test1_tab_file.dbf log=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/hr_test1_tab_log.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 00:23:48 2015--system用户可以导出不同用户数据

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsExport done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...Current user changed to TEST1. . exporting table TEST_EXPORT_TAB 1 rows exportedExport terminated successfully without warnings.

导入操作的基本命令参数:

参数

说明

USERID

指定执行导入的用户名和密码

BUFFER

指定用来读取数据的缓冲区大小,以字节为单位

COMMIT

指定是否在每个数组(其大小由BUFFER参数设置)插入后进行提交

FILE

指定要导入的二进制文件名

FROMUSER

指定要从导出转储文件中导入的用户模式

TOUSER

指定要将对象导入的用户名。FROMUSER与TOUSER可以不同

FULL

指定是否要导入整个导出转储文件

TABLES

指定要导入的表的列表

ROWS

指定是否要导入表中的行

PARFILE

指定传递给导入实用程序的参数文件名,此文件可以包含这里列出的所有参数

IGNORE

导入时是否忽略遇到的错误,默认为N

TABLESPACES

按表空间方式导入,列出要导入的表空间名

[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ exp hr/ hr@ jiagulun tables = student,address file = $ORACLE_BASE /test_imp_exp /hr_stu_add log = $ORACLE_BASE/test_imp_exp /hr_stu_add

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 00:56:30 2015--导出文件的表不是table=(tab1,tab2)而是如上面所示

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsExport done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path .... . exporting tableSTUDENT 4 rows exported. . exporting tableADDRESS 4 rows exportedExport terminated successfully without warnings.[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ lshr_stu_add.dmp hr_stu_add.log[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ sqlplus hr/ hr

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 00: 57: 04 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to :Oracle Database 11 g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - 64 bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> drop table address;

Table dropped.

SQL> drop table student;

Table dropped.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> purge recyclebin;--清除回收站

Recyclebin purged.

SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ imp hr/hr@jiagulun file=$ORACLE_BASE/test_imp_exp/hr_stu_add.dmp

Import: Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 00 :59 :27 2015--导入表到自己当中去

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Export file created by EXPORT: V11.02.00 via conventional pathimport done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set. importing HR‘s objects into HR. importing HR‘ s objects into HR. . importing table “STUDENT” 4 rows imported. . importing table “ADDRESS” 4 rows importedAbout to enable constraints...Import terminated successfully without warnings.[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ imp hr/hr@jiagulun file=$ORACLE_BASE/test_imp_exp/hr_stu_add.dmp fromuser =hr touser=test1

Import: Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 01 :00 :31 2015--通过其他用户把表导入到另外用户中去

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Export file created by EXPORT: V11.02.00 via conventional pathimport done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character setIMP- 00007: must be a DBA to import objects to another user ‘s accountIMP-00000: Import terminated unsuccessfully--通过其他用户把表导入到另外用户中去,这是不行的[oracle@localhost test_imp_exp]$ imp test1/test1@jiagulun file=$ORACLE_BASE/test_imp_exp/hr_stu_add.dmp fromuser=hr touser=test1 tables=student

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 01:01:26 2015--自己导入其他用户的表到自己当中去

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you--可以导入,但是会有警告

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set. importing HR‘ s objects into TEST1. . importing table “STUDENT” 4 rows importedImport terminated successfully without warnings.[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ imp system/ oracle@ jiagulun file=$ORACLE_BASE/test_imp_exp/hr_stu_add.dmp fromuser =hr touser=test1 tables= address

Import: Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 01 :02 :00 2015--通过system导入其他表到另外用户中可以

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Export file created by EXPORT: V11.02.00 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by HR , not by you--通过system导入其他表到另外用户中可以但也会有警告出现

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set. importing HR‘s objects into TEST1. . importing table “ADDRESS” 4 rows importedAbout to enable constraints...Import terminated successfully without warnings.[oracle@localhost test_imp_exp]$ sqlpus test1/test1-bash: sqlpus: command not found[oracle@localhost test_imp_exp]$ sqlplus test1/test1

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 01:02:22 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID------------------------------ ------- ----------ADDRESSTABLESTUDENTTABLETEST_EXPORT_TAB TABLE

SQL>假如我想导入用户已经存在的表:需要添加ignore参数下面是通过交互提示符的方式导入的:没有添加ignore

[oracle@localhost test_imp_exp]$ imp

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 01:33:00 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Username: test1

Password:

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Import data only (yes/no): no >

Import file: expdat.dmp > hr_stu_add.dmp

Enter insert buffer size (minimum is 8192) 30720>

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

List contents of import file only (yes/no): no >

Ignore create error due to object existence (yes/no): no >

Import grants (yes/no): yes >

Import table data (yes/no): yes >

Import entire export file (yes/no): no >

Username: hr

Enter table(T) or partition(T:P) names. Null list means all tables for user

Enter table(T) or partition(T:P) name or . if done: .

. importing HR‘s objects into TEST1

. importing HR‘s objects into TEST1

IMP-00015: following statement failed because the object already exists:

“CREATE TABLE ”STUDENT“ (”ID“ NUMBER(10, 0), ”NAME“ VARCHAR2(20), ”AGE“ NUMB”

“ER(10, 0)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 6”

“5536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DE”

“FAULT) LOGGING NOCOMPRESS”

IMP-00015: following statement failed because the object already exists:

“CREATE TABLE ”ADDRESS“ (”XH“ NUMBER, ”ZZ“ VARCHAR2(10)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED”

“ 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1”

“ FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) LOGG”

“ING NOCOMPRESS”

Import terminated successfully with warnings.下面是通过参数文件的方式导入的:添加ignore

file=$ORACLE_BASE/test_imp_exp/hr_stu_add.dmp

ignore=y

fromuser=hr

touser=test1

[oracle@localhost test_imp_exp]$ imp test1/test1@jiagulun parfile=imp_by_spfile

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 01:46:58 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

. importing HR‘s objects into TEST1

. . importing table “STUDENT”

IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 1

IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered

ORA-00001: unique constraint (TEST1.PK_STUDENT) violated

Column 1 1

Column 2 ????

Column 3 20

IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 1

IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered

ORA-00001: unique constraint (TEST1.PK_STUDENT) violated

Column 1 2

Column 2 ????

Column 3 25

IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 1

IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered

ORA-00001: unique constraint (TEST1.PK_STUDENT) violated

Column 1 3

Column 2 ????

Column 3 30

IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 1

IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered

ORA-00001: unique constraint (TEST1.PK_STUDENT) violated

Column 1 4

Column 2 ????

Column 3 30 0 rows imported

. . importing table “ADDRESS”

IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 1

IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered

ORA-00001: unique constraint (TEST1.PK_ADDRESS) violated

Column 1 3

Column 2 ????

IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 1

IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered

ORA-00001: unique constraint (TEST1.PK_ADDRESS) violated

Column 1 2

Column 2 ???

IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 1

IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered

ORA-00001: unique constraint (TEST1.PK_ADDRESS) violated

Column 1 1

Column 2 ????

IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 1

IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered

ORA-00001: unique constraint (TEST1.PK_ADDRESS) violated

Column 1 4

Column 2 ???? 0 rows imported

About to enable constraints...

Import terminated successfully with warnings.

[oracle@localhost test_imp_exp]$

之所以会出现建表语句是因为exp操作就是把数据库中的表的建表信息,数据信息,对象信息全部转换成sql语句当使用Imp的其实也就是执行里面的sql语句。当ignore设置为Y时,oracle会忽略其中的错误重新执行一遍建表操作,数据插入操作等

可传输表空间:下面模拟两个不同主机下的不同数据库进行表空间的传输操作:

明确什么事自包含?

就是要传输的表空间的对象中被建立的对象存放在其他表空间中:例如表,可以把表的索引建立在其他的表空间中,这样就不是自包含了。

在Linux下进行的传输表空间:

[oracle@ localhost imp_tran_file]$ sqlplus / as sysdba--sys登录oracle数据库

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 18: 06: 45 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to :Oracle Database 11 g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - 64 bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create tablespace test_tran_ts datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jiagulun/test_tran_ts_file.dbf‘ size 10 m;

Tablespace created.--创建表空间

SQL> create table test_tran_tab1 (id number ,name varchar2 (20 )) tablespace test_tran_ts ;

Table created.--在该表空间中创建表

SQL> alter tablespace test_tran_ts read only;

Tablespace altered.--修改表空间为只读的状态

[oracle@ localhost imp_tran_file]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 18: 18: 58 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to :Oracle Database 11 g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - 64 bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> exec dbms_tts.transport_set_check (test_tran_ts ,true );BEGIN dbms_tts.transport_set_check (test_tran_ts ,true ); END;

*ERROR at line 1:ORA-06550 : line 1, column 36 :PLS-00201 : identifier ‘TEST_TRAN_TS‘ must be declaredORA-06550 : line 1, column 7 :PL/SQL: Statement ignored

SQL> exec dbms_tts.transport_set_check (‘test_tran_ts‘ ,true );--检查表空间的是否是自包含

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS ;--检查表空间的是否是自包含

no rows selected

SQL> exit;Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ exp ‘system/oracle@jiagulun as sysdba‘ tablespaces=test_tran_ts transport_tablespace =y file=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/exp_tran_file.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 18:25:37 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

EXP-00056 : ORACLE error 1031 encounteredORA-01031 : insufficient privilegesUsername:Password:

EXP-00056 : ORACLE error 1017 encounteredORA-01017 : invalid username /password ; logon deniedUsername:Password:

EXP-00056 : ORACLE error 1017 encounteredORA-01017 : invalid username /password ; logon deniedEXP-00005 : all allowable logon attempts failedEXP-00000 : Export terminated unsuccessfully[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ exp ‘sys/oracle@jiagulun as sysdba‘ tablespaces=test_tran_ts transport_tablespace =y file=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/exp_tran_file.dmp--必须使用sys用户而且是as sysdba才可以--在Linux中需要对‘进行转义才可以Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 18:25:49 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsExport done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character setNote: table data ( rows) will not be exportedAbout to export transportable tablespace metadata...For tablespace TEST_TRAN_TS .... exporting cluster definitions. exporting table definitions. exporting referential integrity constraints. exporting triggers. end transportable tablespace metadata exportExport terminated successfully without warnings.[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ lsexp_tran_file.dmp hr_stu_add.dmp hr_stu_add.log imp_by_spfile[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ mkdir -p imp_tran_file--之所以建立一个文件夹是因为模拟是从另外一台主机拷贝过来的,统一放在该目录下[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ lsexp_tran_file.dmp hr_stu_add.dmp hr_stu_add.log imp_by_spfile imp_tran_file[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ cp - avf /u01 /app /oracle /oradata /jiagulun /test_tran_tstest_tran_ts01.dbf test_tran_ts_file.dbf[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ cp - avf /u01 /app /oracle /oradata /jiagulun /test_tran_ts_file.dbf . /imp_tran_file /`/ u01/ app/ oracle/ oradata/ jiagulun/ test_tran_ts_file.dbf‘ -> `./imp_tran_file/test_tran_ts_file.dbf‘[oracle@ localhost test_imp_exp]$ cd imp_tran_file/[oracle@ localhost imp_tran_file]$ lsexp_tran_file.dmp test_tran_ts_file.dbf[oracle@ localhost imp_tran_file]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 18: 29: 38 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to :Oracle Database 11 g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - 64 bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> drop tablespace test_tran_ts including contents;--删除刚刚创建的表空间,因为实际上是在同一个oracle中进行传输表空间的

Tablespace dropped.

SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options[oracle@ localhost imp_tran_file]$ imp ‘sys/oracle@jiagulun as sysdba‘ tablespaces=test_tran_ts transport_tablespace =y file=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/imp_tran_file/exp_tran_file.dmp datafiles=/u01/app/oracle/test_imp_exp/imp_tran_file/test_tran_ts_file.dbf--导入表空间Import: Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 18 :32 :15 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Export file created by EXPORT: V11.02.00 via conventional pathAbout to import transportable tablespace (s ) metadata...import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set. importing SYS‘s objects into SYS. importing SYS‘ s objects into SYSImport terminated successfully without warnings.[oracle@ localhost imp_tran_file]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 18: 32: 25 2015

Copyright ( c) 1982 , 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to :Oracle Database 11 g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2 .0.1.0 - 64 bit ProductionWith the Partitioning , OLAP , Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> set linesize 10000 pagesize 10000;SQL> select dt.tablespace_name ,dt.block_size ,dt.status ,dt.contents from dba_tablespaces dt;

TABLESPACE_NAME BLOCK_SIZE STATUS CONTENTS------------------------------ ---------- --------- ---------SYSTEM 8192 ONLINE PERMANENTSYSAUX 8192 ONLINE PERMANENTUNDOTBS1 8192 ONLINE UNDOTEMP 8192 ONLINE TEMPORARYUSERS 8192 ONLINE PERMANENTUNDOTBS2 8192 ONLINE UNDOEXAMPLE8192 ONLINE PERMANENTTESTTS 8192 ONLINE PERMANENTTEMP2 8192 ONLINE TEMPORARYTEMP3 8192 ONLINE TEMPORARYTEST_TRAN_TS 8192 READ ONLY PERMANENT

11 rows selected.

SQL> alter tablespace TEST_TRAN_TS read, write;alter tablespace TEST_TRAN_TS read, write *ERROR at line 1:ORA-02142 : missing or invalid ALTER TABLESPACE option

SQL> alter tablespace TEST_TRAN_TS read write;--修改表空间的状态

Tablespace altered.

SQL> insert into test_tran_tab values( 1, ‘张三‘);insert into test_tran―n_tab values( 1, ‘张三‘)*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00942 : table or view does not exist

SQL> insert into test_tran_tab values( 1, ‘zs‘);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from test_tran_tab;

ID NAME---------- --------------------1 zs

SQL>

使用数据泵的方式导入导出:

exp/imp的缺点是速度太慢,在大型生产库中尤其明显。从10g开始,oracle设计了数据泵,这是一个服务器端的工

具,它为Oracle数据提供高速并行及大数据的迁移。imp/exp可以在客户端调用,但是expdp/impdp只能在服

务端,因为在使用expdp/impdp以前需要在数据库中创建一个 Directory 。

在expdp进行导出时,先创建了MT表,并把对象的信息插入到MT表,之后进行导出动作;导出完成后,MT表也导

出到转储文件中;导出任务完成后、或者删除了导出任务后,MT表自动删除;如果导出任务异常终止,MT表仍然保留。

expdp也具有四种模式:表、用户、可传输表空间、全库。

数据泵的导出:1,部分的exp中的参数仍然可用,有的不能使用,如index。

2,directory:供转储文件和日志文件使用的目录对象。

3,job_name:指定的任务的名称。

4,content:指定要导出的数据, 其中有效关键字值为: (ALL), DATA_ONLY 和 METADATA_ONLY,当设置content为ALL 时,将导出对象定义及其所有数据;

DATA_ONLY时,只导出对象数据;为METADATA_ONLY时,只导出对象定义 。

5,reuse_dumpfiles:如果导出文件已经存在,是否覆盖。

6,compression:压缩导出文件。

7,estimate:指定估算被导出表所占用磁盘空间分方法.默认值是BLOCKS

8, estimate_only:是否只估算导出占用的磁盘空间,而不进行真正的导出,默认是N。

9,exclude:用于指定执行操作时要排除对象类型或相关对象,用法:EXCLUDE=object_type[:name_clause] [,….]

10,include:用于指定执行操作时要包含的对象类型或相关对象,用法:INCLUDE=object_type[:name_clause] [,….]

11,query:导出符合条件的行。

12,attch:连接到现有的作业,可以用在中断导出任务后重新启动导出任务。----------------------------------------------------------------[oracle@localhost oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 20:50:29 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create directory test_impdp_expdp as ‘/u01/app/oracle/test_impdp_expdp‘;

Directory created.--创建目录

SQL> grant write,read on directory test_impdp_expdp to hr;

Grant succeeded.--给用户赋予权限

SQL> grant write,read on directory test_impdp_expdp to test1;

Grant succeeded.--给用户赋予权限

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Productio

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd test_impdp_expdp/

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile

--默认是多出用户的所有的对象

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 22:14:04 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01”: hr/********@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfi

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 768 KB

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/CLUSTER/CLUSTER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/CLUSTER/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPEC

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/VIEW

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODY

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TRIGGER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/EVENT/TRIGGER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/JOB

. . exported “HR”.“ADDRESS”5.476 KB 2 rows

. . exported “HR”.“COUNTRIES” 6.367 KB25 rows

. . exported “HR”.“DEPARTMENTS” 7.007 KB27 rows

. . exported “HR”.“DEPT” 5.492 KB 3 rows

. . exported “HR”.“DROPPED_OBJ” 6.367 KB21 rows

. . exported “HR”.“EMPLOYEES” 16.81 KB 107 rows

. . exported “HR”.“JOBS” 6.992 KB19 rows

. . exported “HR”.“JOB_HISTORY” 7.054 KB10 rows

. . exported “HR”.“LOCATIONS” 8.273 KB23 rows

. . exported “HR”.“REGIONS”5.476 KB 4 rows

. . exported “HR”.“STUDENT”5.937 KB 3 rows

. . exported “HR”.“TEST_JOB” 24.74 KB 1684 rows

Master table “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01” successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for HR.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

/u01/app/oracle/test_impdp_expdp/test_exp_01.dmp

Job “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01” successfully completed at 22:16:07

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ ls

export.log test_exp_01.dmp

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP TABLES=Sexp_02.dmp EXCLUDE=INDEX:“=‘INDEX_ADDRESS_NAME‘”

LRM-00116: syntax error at ‘INDEX:‘ following ‘=‘

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP TABLES=Sexp_02.dmp EXCLUDE=INDEX:“IN‘INDEX_ADDRESS_NAME‘”

.--通过上面的导出你会发现需要对‘进行转义,而且是IN关键字Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 22:25:09 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01”: hr/********@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP TABLES=_exp_02.dmp EXCLUDE=INDEX:IN‘INDEX_ADDRESS_NAME‘

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 128 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported “HR”.“ADDRESS”5.476 KB 2 rows

. . exported “HR”.“STUDENT”5.937 KB 3 rows

Master table “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01” successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for HR.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u01/app/oracle/test_impdp_expdp/test_exp_02.dmp

Job “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01” successfully completed at 22:25:20

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student,address encryption=dmpfiles=test_exp_encrytion_reuse_01.dmp

LRM-00101: unknown parameter name ‘dumpfiles‘

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student,address encryption=dmpfile=test_exp_encrytion_reuse_01.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 22:32:31 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.

ORA-39145: directory object parameter must be specified and non-null

--对于上面的错误是因为没有打开或者不存在encryption wallet所以需要进行下面操作:

oracle Wallet的使用(即内部加密技术TDE(Transparent Data Encryption ))

1. TDE是Oracle10gR2中推出的一个新功能,使用时要保证Oracle版本是在10gR2或者以上

--查看oracle版本:

select * from v$version;

2、创建一个新目录,并指定为Wallet目录

D:oracleproduct10.2.0adminora10ora_wallet

3. 设置wallet目录,在参数文件sqlnet.ora中(window+f,在你安装盘区查找sqlnet.ora),按照下面的格式加入信息:

ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION=(SOURCE=(METHOD=FILE)

(METHOD_DATA=(DIRECTORY=D:oracleproduct10.2.0adminora10ora_wallet)))

4. 创建master key文件,指定wallet密码,使用SYS用户登入系统,建立加密文件

SQL> alter system set encryption key identified by “wallet”;

System altered

-- 密码“wallet”不加引号时,后面使用时也不需要用引号

此时在设置的目录下,多出一个Personal Information Exchange类型的文件,相当于我们生成的master key文件,

电脑资料

D:oracleproduct10.2.0adminora10ora_walletewallet.p12

5、启动、关闭Wallet

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY “wallet”;

ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY “wallet”

ORA-28354: wallet 已经打开

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET CLOSE; --关闭

System altered

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY “wallet”; --打开

System altered

到此,已经成功配置了Wallet,创建了master key。

--通过上面的创建并且开启encryption wallet后才可以进行如下[oracle@localhost wallet]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=test_exp_encryption_1.dmp encryption=data_only

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:57:01 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01”: hr/********@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=test_exp_encryption_1.dmp encryption=data_only

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported “HR”.“STUDENT”5.945 KB 3 rows

Master table “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01” successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for HR.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u01/app/oracle/test_impdp_expdp/test_exp_encryption_1.dmp

Job “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01” successfully completed at 23:57:08

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student compression=data_onl reuse_dumpfiles=y dumpfile=test_exp_01.dmp--reuse_dumpfiles表示可以覆盖原文件

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 22:41:57 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01”: hr/********@jiagulun tables=student compression=data_on reuse_dumpfiles=y dumpfile=test_exp_01.dmp

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported “HR”.“STUDENT”4.914 KB 3 rows

Master table “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01” successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for HR.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u01/app/oracle/test_impdp_expdp/test_exp_01.dmp

Job “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01” successfully completed at 22:42:02

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP

EXCLUDE=CONSTRAINT:IN‘PK_PRIMARY‘“ dumpfile=test_exp_jobname.dmp job_name=test_exp_jobname

--需要转义和大写Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 22:56:23 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting ”HR“.”TEST_EXP_JOBNAME“: hr/********@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPDP_EK_PRIMARY‘ dumpfile=test_exp_jobname.dmp job_name=test_exp_jobname

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported ”HR“.”STUDENT“5.937 KB 3 rows

Master table ”HR“.”TEST_EXP_JOBNAME“ successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for HR.TEST_EXP_JOBNAME is:

/u01/app/oracle/test_impdp_expdp/test_exp_jobname.dmp

Job ”HR“.”TEST_EXP_JOBNAME“ successfully completed at 22:56:28

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPIN‘PK_PRIMARY‘” dumpfile=test_exp_jobname.dmp job_name=test_exp_jobname

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 22:57:02 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39000: bad dump file specification

ORA-31641: unable to create dump file “/u01/app/oracle/test_impdp_expdp/test_exp_jobname.dmp”

ORA-27038: created file already exists

Additional information: 1

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPIN‘PK_PRIMARY‘“ dumpfile=test_exp_jobname.dmp job_name=test_exp_jobname REUSE_DUMPFILES=Y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:16:05 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting ”HR“.”TEST_EXP_JOBNAME“: hr/********@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPDP_EK_PRIMARY‘ dumpfile=test_exp_jobname.dmp job_name=test_exp_jobname REUSE_DUMPFILES=Y

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported ”HR“.”STUDENT“5.937 KB 3 rows

Master table ”HR“.”TEST_EXP_JOBNAME“ successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for HR.TEST_EXP_JOBNAME is:

/u01/app/oracle/test_impdp_expdp/test_exp_jobname.dmp

Job ”HR“.”TEST_EXP_JOBNAME“ successfully completed at 23:16:19

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ exp hr/hr@jiagulun TABLES=STUDENT DIRECTORY=test_impdp_etion.dmp

LRM-00101: unknown parameter name ‘DIRECTORY‘

EXP-00019: failed to process parameters, type ‘EXP HELP=Y‘ for help

EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMP id <2” dumpfile=test_exp_query.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:17:57 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMP id <2“ dumpfile=test_exp_query.dmp reuse_dumpfile=y

LRM-00101: unknown parameter name ‘reuse_dumpfile‘

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMP id <2” dumpfile=test_exp_query.dmp reuse_dumpfiles=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:18:28 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMP id <2“ dumpfile=test_exp_query_1.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:18:56 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP query=s=test_exp_query_1.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:19:11 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP query=s=test_exp_query_1.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:19:37 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP query=se=test_exp_query_1.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:21:12 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMP id <2” dumpfile=test_exp_query_1.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:21:41 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMP dumpfile=test_exp_query_1.dmp

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:26:04 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPery_1.dmp query=STUDENT:“WHERE ID < 2”

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:28:16 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPery_1.dmp query=STUDENT:“WHERE ID < 2”

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:28:23 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39035: Data filter SUBQUERY has already been specified.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPery_1.dmp query=STUDENT:“WHERE ID < 2”

--通过上面的错误可以知道符号需要被转义和query的使用方式

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 21 23:28:30 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01”: hr/********@jiagulun tables=student directory=TEST_IMPDry_1.dmp query=STUDENT:“WHERE ID < 2”

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported “HR”.“STUDENT”5.906 KB 1 rows

Master table “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01” successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for HR.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u01/app/oracle/test_impdp_expdp/test_exp_query_1.dmp

Job “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01” successfully completed at 23:28:40

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/u01/app/oracle/admin/jiagulun/wallet

CLOSED

数据泵的导入:

1,content:指定要加载的数据, 其中有效关键字值为: (ALL), DATA_ONLY 和 METADATA_ONLY,当设置content为ALL 时,将加载对象定义及其所有数据;

DATA_ONLY时,只加载对象数据;为METADATA_ONLY时,只加载对象定义 。

2,estimate:估算所占用磁盘空间分方法.默认值是BLOCKS

3,remap_schema:用于将对象从一个用户下导入到另一个用户下。

4,remap_tablespace:用于将对象从一个表空间下导入到另一个表空间下。

5,remap_datafile:用于在不同文件系统的平台间,切换数据文件路径。

remap_achema:导入

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp hr/hr@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=exp_01.dmp schemas= hr

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 22 00:59:42 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting “HR”.“SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01”: hr/********@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=exp_01.dmp schemas=

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ impdp test1/test1@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=exp_01.dmpREMAP_SCHEMA=HR:TEST1

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 22 01:10:11 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table “TEST1”.“SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01” successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting “TEST1”.“SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01”: test1/********@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=exp_01.dmp REMAP_SCHEMA=HR:TEST1

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

remap_tablespace导入

通过remap_tablespace来变换表所属表空间:SQL> select segment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name from user_extents ;SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE TABLESPACE_NAME-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------REGIONS TABLE EXAMPLELOCATIONS TABLE EXAMPLEDEPARTMENTS TABLE EXAMPLEJOBS TABLE EXAMPLEEMPLOYEES TABLE EXAMPLEJOB_HISTORYTABLE EXAMPLEDEPT TABLE USERSDROPPED_OBJ TABLE USERSTEST_JOBTABLE USERSSTUDENT TABLE TEST_TRAN_TSADDRESS TABLE TEST_TRAN_TS

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp ‘sys/oracle@jiagulun as sysdba‘ directory=test_impdp_expdp dumpfile=exp_04.dmp tablespaces=users--导出表空间

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 22 01:20:04 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting “SYS”.“SYS_EXPORT_TABLESPACE_01”: “sys/********@jiagulun AS SYSDBA” directory=test_impdp_expdp dumpfile=exp_02.dmp tablespaces=users

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

SQL> drop table student purge;

Table dropped.--之所以要先删除再导入表是因为在一个数据库中一个用户中的对象是唯一的,所以先删除再导入

SQL> drop table address purge;

Table dropped.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ impdp ‘sys/oracle@jiagulun as sysdba‘ directory=test_impdp_expdp dumpfile=exp_04.dmp REMAP_TABLESPACE=test_tran_ts:users--导入表空间到test_tran_ts

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 22 01:28:45 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table “SYS”.“SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01” successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting “SYS”.“SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01”: “sys/********@jiagulun AS SYSDBA” directory=test_impdp_expdp dumpfile=exp_02.dmp REMAP_TABLESPACE=users:test_tran_ts

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported “HR”.“ADDRESS”5.476 KB 2 rows

. . imported “HR”.“STUDENT”5.937 KB 3 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

SQL> select segment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name from user_extents ;SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE TABLESPACE_NAME-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------REGIONS TABLE EXAMPLELOCATIONS TABLE EXAMPLEDEPARTMENTS TABLE EXAMPLEJOBS TABLE EXAMPLEEMPLOYEES TABLE EXAMPLEJOB_HISTORYTABLE EXAMPLESTUDENT TABLE USERSADDRESS TABLE USERS

为了把用户按表空间归类,需要把用户所有的当前数据转移到另一个表空间里,那么可以使用impdp的remap_tablespace参数。下面就这一内容进行实验。

SQL> select du.username,du.default_tablespace,du.temporary_tablespace from dba_users du where du.username=‘HR‘;USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------HR USERS TEMP2

SQL> select segment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name from user_extents where rownum < 10;SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE TABLESPACE_NAME-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------REGIONS TABLE EXAMPLELOCATIONS TABLE EXAMPLEDEPARTMENTS TABLE EXAMPLEJOBS TABLE EXAMPLEEMPLOYEES TABLE EXAMPLEJOB_HISTORYTABLE EXAMPLESTUDENT TABLE USERSADDRESS TABLE USERSDEPT TABLE USERS9 rows selected

SQL>

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ expdp system/oracle@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=exp_03.dmp schemas=hr

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 22 02:22:28 2015

--导出hr用户对象信息,使用system导出的更加的全

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ impdp system/oracle@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=exp_03.dmp remap_tablespace=users:test_tran_ts--导入hr用户中是users表空间的数据到test_tran_ts表空间中

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 22 05:33:10 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

SQL> select segment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name from user_extents where rownum < 10;SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE TABLESPACE_NAME-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------REGIONS TABLE EXAMPLELOCATIONS TABLE EXAMPLEDEPARTMENTS TABLE EXAMPLEJOBS TABLE EXAMPLEEMPLOYEES TABLE EXAMPLEJOB_HISTORYTABLE EXAMPLESTUDENT TABLE USERSADDRESS TABLE USERSDEPT TABLE USERS9 rows selected--会发现表所在表空间并没有变化,是因为原来的已经存在不会覆盖

SQL> select du.username,du.default_tablespace,du.temporary_tablespace from dba_users du where du.username=‘HR‘;USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------HR USERS TEMP2注意:经过导入后,用户test_user的缺省表空间被改成了remap_tablespace的目的表空间, 但是这里没有变化也是因为已经存在了。把表和用户删除了,就会发现他们的表空间变额

SQL> drop table student;

Table dropped.

SQL> drop table address;

Table dropped.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> purge recyclebin

2 ;

[oracle@localhost test_impdp_expdp]$ impdp system/oracle@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=exp_03.dmp remap_tablespace=users:test_tran_ts

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 22 05:48:49 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table “SYSTEM”.“SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01” successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting “SYSTEM”.“SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01”: system/********@jiagulun directory=TEST_IMPDP_EXPDP dumpfile=exp_03.dmp remap_tablespace=users:test_tran_ts

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

ORA-31684: Object type USER:“HR” already exists--由于存在所以直接跳过

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE

ORA-31684: Object type SEQUENCE:“HR”.“EMPLOYEES_SEQ” already exists

ORA-31684: Object type SEQUENCE:“HR”.“DEPARTMENTS_SEQ” already exists

ORA-31684: Object type SEQUENCE:“HR”.“LOCATIONS_SEQ” already exists

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/CLUSTER/CLUSTER

ORA-31684: Object type CLUSTER:“HR”.“CLUSTER1” already exists

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/CLUSTER/INDEX

ORA-39111: Dependent object type INDEX:“HR”.“CLUSTER_INDEX” skipped, base object type CLUSTER:“HR”.“CLUSTER1” already exists

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“COUNTRIES” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“REGIONS” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“LOCATIONS” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“DEPARTMENTS” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“JOBS” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“EMPLOYEES” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“JOB_HISTORY” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“DEPT” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“DROPPED_OBJ” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

ORA-39151: Table “HR”.“TEST_JOB” exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported “HR”.“ADDRESS”5.476 KB 2 rows

. . imported “HR”.“STUDENT”5.937 KB 3 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

.. . . . . . . . ..

SQL> select segment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name from user_extents ;SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE TABLESPACE_NAME-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------STUDENT TABLE TEST_TRAN_TSADDRESS TABLE TEST_TRAN_TSCLUSTER1 CLUSTER USERS--你会发现他们的表空间变化了。

注意:一个用户对象是唯一的,即使在不同的表空间中也是一样的

SQL> create table test1(id number);--默认是使用sys

Table created.

SQL> create table test1(id number) tablespace test_tran_ts;--使用test_tran_ts

create table test1(id number) tablespace test_tran_ts

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object

SQL>

篇3:程控交换机的数据备份和恢复论文

(1) 数据备份:

即从交换机当前激活的公共设备机架把数据库、杂项文件或ACD统计表拷贝到其他存储介质上。其中的杂项文件包括:专用缩位拨号码,人工呼叫转移,激活的呼叫转移组等。

使用系统维护终端执行联机操作,并输入用户名、密码后,选择当前所用的数据库,并进入EDT(Configuration Editor)程序,在该程序下输入UTI(Utility)命令,此时即可使用BAC命令来备份数据了。具体的操作如下:

键入“CTRL+C”命令;开启维护终端并联机。用户名…?ADMIN,回车;输入用户名“ADMIN”。口令…?*****,回车;输入口令。ADMIN…?EDT,回车;进入数据库编辑程序。EDT…?UTI,回车;进入UTI编辑程序。UTI…?BAC,回车;进入备存程序。备存[DB]…?DB,回车;指示系统备存数据库。此时有三个选项:DB(数据库),MIS(杂项文文件)与ACD(ACD统计),本例选择了备存数据库。

备存的数据库…?A,回车;输入备存数据库名称A。…将标有(1/*)的空盘插入机架并回车…;系统提示用户放入磁盘,“*”表示此次备份操作过程总共需要的磁盘数。需要指出的是:若磁盘上存有其它内容,系统会在向磁盘拷贝文件的过程中抹去磁盘上的信息。…备存数据库A…;备存过程的提示。系统会在磁盘满时提示用户插入下一张盘,直至备存完毕。UTI…?EXI,回车;返回上一级程序。EDT…?EXI,回车;返回最高一级程序,系统会提示“您已脱机”。

备存操作完毕。

(2) 备存数据的恢复:

使用RES(Restore)命令将数据库、杂项文件或ACD统计从备份的软盘拷贝到激活的公共设备机架的硬盘中。具体操作如下:

联机后进入UTI程序(进入步骤同“数据备份”)。

系统提示:UTI…?RES,回车;输入恢复数据命令RES(restore)。

恢复[DB]…?DB,回车;仍以恢复DB为例。

将标有(1/*)的空盘插入机架并回车。

此后,依次放入磁盘直至恢复完毕。然后退出。

篇4:程控交换机的数据备份和恢复论文

(1) 数据备份:MD110型交换机的数据做了改动以后,不会立即写入硬盘,而是由存储单元

MEU存储。因此,在做此种型号交换机的数据备份时,应遵循以下3个步骤:

MEU数据→交换机硬盘单元QDLU→维护终端硬盘→软盘

? 下面分别加以说明:

第一步,转储操作。

交换机的转储操作有2种,可根据需要分别执行。这里需要指出的是:交换机的QDLU硬盘单元上有原始程序文件“LOVOL”和包含程序代码与用户数据的后援加载文件“RELVOL”。

①系统转储:交换机MEU中正在运行的所有程序单元和所有数据转存到交换机硬盘。过程如下:

-执行EQ硬盘维护程序;

-将QDLU硬盘单元中的文件指针指向relvol文件,此文件应是新的或可以删除的;

-退出EQ程序,执行FIOL联机操作程序,输入指令;

-FAVOE:VOL=RELVOL;

-FATAE:CTU=0;

-FASTI:CTU=0;(用命令删除旧的文件)

-FATAL:VOL=RELVOL,TAPE=0,CTU=0;

-FAVOI:VOL=RELVOL,TAPE=0;(建立新的后备文件)

-CATII:DATE=-5-28,TIME=6-23;

-CASII:STN=SUN(建立时钟日期与工作站标志);

-ALREI;

-FTREI(清除告警标志);

-DUSYI(输入命令进行转储);

此后,系统将把新的系统文件转存入交换机的.硬盘单元中。

②数据转储:维护人员修改交换机数据以后,将修改内容转存入交换机硬盘单元。过程如下:

-ALREI;

-FTREI(清除告警标志);

-DUUDI:DUMP=ALL;或DUMP=CHANGES{输入命令与参数进行转储。前者(ALL)为转储全部的数据,后者(CHANGES)为转储改变了的数据)}。

第二步,运行EQ转存数据。

即把转储操作中存入交换机硬盘单元的文件转存到维护终端的硬盘。首先运行EQ软件,进入交换机硬盘维护界面,并找到上一步所创立保存的文件。

-在此文件上,按下字母C,选定做为要保存的源文件。

-在维护终端目录上选定目标文件,回车,系统开始根据设定速率转存数据。

此过程把交换机上的数据导入了维护终端。

第三步,将数据存入软盘,保存。

可以运行维护终端的WINDOWS操作系统,用压缩软件将其转换为压缩文件,拷贝入软盘保存。

(2) 备存数据的恢复:

若需以备份的文件为源文件恢复交换机系统的数据,首先将软盘的文件拷贝入维护终端的硬盘(或利用维护终端上已有的备份文件)。之后运行交换机的硬盘维护程序EQ,选定维护终端上的备份文件为源文件,并且在交换机硬盘目录上选定目标文件的位置,回车,开始拷贝。拷贝完毕后,将此文件激活,作为当前文件。

此后,需将交换机中央处理单元复位,使之执行加载过程,即将硬盘单元的数据重新读入MEU存储单元,从而使系统恢复到从前(数据丢失前)的运行状态。

3 结束语

要想使丢失数据尽快恢复,交换网络

维护管理人员就必须有一套严格的备份方案。业务数据的完整备份和科学的恢复方案可使交换设备在出现故障后迅速恢复。合理的备份策略应该容易操作并对各种重文秘站-中国最强免费!要业务的影响降至最低,这样才能最大限度地减少电力通信交换网络系统的风险。

篇5:最令人头疼的操作:数据备份与恢复

上世纪70年代,IT革命处于萌芽阶段,那时的数据量很小,通常只有几十兆到几百兆。当时的硬盘成本更是接近天价,每兆硬盘空间的售价超过了3000美元,购买一个容量小于10兆的硬盘所需的费用,甚至超过了一个系统程序员全年的工资。另一方面,基于硬盘的存储技术却还刚刚起步。基于上述原因,当初进行备份/恢复操作时,往往采用磁带作为备份介质。

基于磁带的“备份/恢复”面临的问题

进入21世纪的海量数据时代,与30年前相比,数据量已经从几十、几百兆增长至几千TB;而且由于数据备份和恢复操作几乎是贯穿全年的例行工作(Routine Job),如果现在仍然以磁带作为最基本的备份介质,不仅会耗费管理员大量的时间和精力,同时也会产生诸多问题。主要表现在以下几方面:

工作量巨大

数据备份和恢复操作贯穿全年365天

备份/的工作量占整个存储管理的60%-70%

数据很难有效恢复

由于备份窗口或介质失效等原因,备份作业的成功率只有70%左右

恢复时间太长,从磁带中恢复单个文件往往要花费几个小时甚至1天

本质上是一项“体力活”

磁带库内磁带的循环更新,将磁带拿进取出,不可避免仍需要大量人工干预

进行离场保护时,大量磁带在数据中心和异地之间的来回运输,需要耗费大量的人力

“一体化数据保护”是解决问题的最佳途径

好在时至今日,随着数据量的成倍增长,计算机技术也有了突飞猛进。硬件尤其是硬盘的价格与早期相比有了大幅下降,不断刷新的硬盘容量也令人惊喜。基于磁盘的存储新技术(如快照、镜象等)日益涌现。调查显示,目前超过80%的恢复请求是在数据丢失后48小时内提出的,这意味着恢复速度更快的基于磁盘的存储技术开始成为主流。而由于磁带在某些方面仍具有不可取代的优势,如价格低廉、适合数据的长久保留等,因此采用以磁盘和磁带技术相结合的所谓“一体化数据保护”方案,成为很多企业在进行数据保护时的最佳做法。

本地镜象(快速恢复卷):

在某一时间点,对生产数据进行同步,然后断开,以保留生产数据在该时间点的静止状态

用于对整保留期内个数据的快速恢复

一天可做一次或若干次本地快速恢复卷,保留24小时

磁盘消耗量高(100%)

对应用影响较大

数据快照:

采用Copy-on-Write的方法保留与前一基准点相比已变化的数据

基准点数据出现问题就无法使用

用于保留期内对少量数据的快速恢复

使用频率较高, 例如:每2小时快照一次,常保留24-48小时

磁盘消耗量较低(5%-20%)

对应用影响较小

异地镜象:

对生产数据的100%异地镜像

对由于逻辑错误而丢失的数据没有保护作用

常用于对生产站点的容灾保护

采用连续复制以保持与生产数据一致

同步复制方式

异步复制方式

近线存储:

用于对生产数据进行备份

常采用廉价的ATA/SATA磁盘阵列作为备份设备,以提高速度和可靠性

通常数据保留时间为1周-1个月,然后,被迁至磁带库作更长时间的保留或归档

磁带库:

磁带是数据长久保留/归档的最佳选择

磁带上的数据往往被视为数据保护的最后防线

由于磁带可以在物理上与生产系统脱离,磁带可以用于数据离场保护

磁带存储成本仍然是最低的

某世界著名的大型石油公司的“一体化数据保护”做法就很值得借鉴:每天上午8点,对重要的SAP数据做一次“克隆”,产生本地镜象;之后每隔4小时对数据变化量进行快照,每个快照保留48小时,

每天晚上12点,将快照中的数据备份到近线存储设备,保留两周。两周后,将数据拷贝到磁带库中保留一年。磁带库中的数据同时复制有多个副本,其中一个数据副本作离场保护,妥善保管到异地的仓库或办公室。与此同时,这些数据也采用复制的方式产生异地镜象,以实现容灾保护。

可想而知,在上述“一体化数据保护”措施的周密保全下,该公司面对各种情况下的数据丢失都能从容应对:若需要恢复48小时内丢失的数据,可从本地镜象和快照中恢复;若需恢复两周内遗失的数据,可从近线存储设备中恢复;而两周以后的数据则可以从磁带库中进行恢复;万一发生了火灾或类似“9.11”之类的大型灾难,也不必惊慌失措,则可以切换到容灾点(异地镜象),也可以从离场保护的磁带副本中恢复所有数据

篇6:备份重要性 数据灾难恢复五大问题

一直以来,提起数据安全,人们想到的是网络安全,如何防止 攻击等方面,而对于数据的完整性、可用性的重视不足。所谓数据安全,就是这些在企业中简单做了数据备份,就认为数据安全得到很好的保证,企业的系统完全有保障。其实这些都是最简单的想法,数据备份并不等于数据容灾,有了备份不等于万事大吉。因为备份的数据可以还会有其他因素造成的数据损坏,如地震、火灾等,对于这些企业应该在数据容灾方面提升能力,来进一步应对数据抵抗潜在不安全因素的能力。

这样来说,会有人问何为“容灾”?其实简单的说就是尽量减少和避免灾难发生所造成的数据损失。备份和恢复是这个“容灾”中最重要的部分,提供数据的恢复和保管能力。另外,还要有提高数据可用性的能力,以及预防自然灾难所造成的对系统存储数据的影响和损失。

提到容灾,首先想到数据备份,到底数据备份和容灾是怎样的关系?对于企业来说,这种关系体现在什么方面才是最关心的。企业关键数据的丢失会很大程度上影响业务发展,同时造成严重经济损失。但是很多企业至今都没有理解容灾,认为简单的建立备份系统之后就认为高枕无忧,其实容灾系统也是不可缺少的一环,其相互关系可以说明容灾系统的重要 性。

备份是容灾的基础

数据备份可以说是企业数据可用性的最后一道防线,其目的为了在系统崩溃时能够快速的恢复数据。尽管这也是体现容灾的一种形式,但是能力有限。因为如今传统的备份还是采用数据内外磁带机进行冷备份,备份机制也统一在机房中管理,一旦机房陷入灾难,备份磁带上的数据也将毁坏,起不到有效保护数据安全作用。

容灾非简单数据备份

数据备份还是最基础的形式,没有数据备份任何容灾都没有现实意义。但是光有备份是不够,真正的数据容灾就是能够弥补传统备份不足,在灾难发生时可以及时恢复整个系统。所以,容灾对于IT而言就是提供一个能够防止各种灾难的计算机信息系统。

可见,了解到容灾真正目的后,对于企业来说,如何在数据备份上避免在容灾恢复所出现的问题,就需要企业明确数据容灾的真正意义和相关手段。

对于一个企业来说,数据进行备份仅仅是整个容灾工作的开始,备份目的就是为了能在系统故障的时候进行有效恢复,

但对于很多企业来讲,特别是中小企业,数据备份只是一项简单的工作,对于容灾计划方面没有弄清楚真正的意义,根本没有把数据容灾放在首要位置,所以会导致在容灾恢复上出现问题。

1、不清楚容灾意义

企业对于容灾没有进行效果方面的评估,认为花费巨大的精力和财力在数据备份方面,最终在问题出现时候就是简单的覆盖恢复,没有真正的感受到效果方面的实际意义。甚至缺乏完全的文档化恢复计划和措施。

2、容灾计划可行性

许多企业在弄清楚容灾意义,并不是有效的进行计划,导致很多容灾计划只是在想当然的情况下进行的编写,没有进行过任何的模拟演练,缺乏真正的可行性。最终一旦灾难发生,根本就起不到足够的容灾作用,数据根本没有办法有效恢复。

3、容灾没有可用配置文档

对于大型企业而言,在容灾备份方面有着专业的IT人才,并不缺乏相关的经验和手段。但是,对于一些企业,特别是中小企业没有对于当前系统配置和相关文件的必要存档。在进行容灾恢复时,找不到相应的原始系统配置文档,导致给灾难恢复带来不必要的困难。

4、数据文档保存不当

许多企业的IT人员通常对于数据存放介质和配置系统文档简单的存放,如柜子中、书架上,忽略这些数据所需的存放条件和所需要的安全防范保障措施,直接导致的后果是数据文档会因潮湿变质,配置文档丢失等情况,让企业在数据方面受到损失。

5、无多备份手段

对于容灾备份,许多企业仅仅对于一些需要长期保存的数据进行简单的季度备份、年度备份,特别是一些文档资料。由于时间过长,难免会出现数据文档因潮湿变质不能使用,而企业这个时候没有对这类文档进行有效的多份备用策略,致使一旦出现类似问题数据造成丢失。所以,对于这类需要长期保存的关键备份,可以采用不同地方保存至少2个以上的备份应用。

由此可知,容灾恢复工作中应注意的问题十分关键,对于有效避免问题的产生,企业才可能在未来数据安全方面得到保证,进一步用核心数据应对市场的竞争。

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