GRE阅读什么时候开始备考
“玲珑”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇GRE阅读什么时候开始备考，下面是小编为大家整理后的GRE阅读什么时候开始备考，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
篇1：如何备考GRE阅读
如何备考GRE阅读
众所周知长阅读是GRE阅读中的一个难点，文章长已经不是问题了，而是在有限的时间内不仅要读完这么长的一篇文章，还要快速理清文章的脉络和逻辑帮助你作答。
要想提高长阅读的做题能力，就必须要以提高阅读速度为首要目标，从而，提高重要信息的抓取能力，主要逻辑线的整理能力，以及视角功能词，逻辑词等的标记能力。
提高单词的识别能力
提高单词的识别能力并不是说需要你认识文章中的所有单词，比如一些抽象名词，需要根据上下文来推测，不认识也没有关系。
而需要识别的是一些重要的具有态度方向的形容词，负向动词，因为这些词恰恰反映了作者的态度和文章的转折、递进等逻辑结构。
长难句训练
GRE考试的题目句子大都比较长，所以长难句的训练是必要的，每天都看 一点GRE 长难句图解与精练，自己尽量分析，画逻辑图的方式，差不多每天5-10句花费10-20分钟左右的时间即可。
GRE 逻辑框架训练
逻辑框架的训练就是要求同学们在分析文章时，要注重预测下文的行文方向，理清楚文章的框架和主旨，是什么观点，是怎么论证的，有哪些重要的证据。
要多去思考及分析，做到主动阅读而非被动阅读。
限时训练
就如前文所说，咱们的核心就是要提高文章的阅读速度，读文章的时候，把握住文章的逻辑结构和主要观点即可，不需要深究细节，把握阅读及做题的pace，这需要一定时间的练习，所以在备考后期要逐渐开始进行限时训练，考前进行模考练习，专门针对考试的时间分配进行适应性训练。
综合练习
做GRE阅读的时候切忌完全的翻译成中文去理解，而是去分析文章的逻辑结构，可以利用逻辑单项里的题型：
比如：recognizethe assumption，review/evaluate the argument : weaken，strengthen, find the missing but must-be-true informationthat can be inferred and mostly supported by the passages, and apply theprinciples from the authors。
或者，也可以运用Argument作文中的驳论结构去找文章的行文结构。切忌翻译理解哦~~
GRE阅读记忆训练的三个步骤
如何培养考试所需的短期记忆能力呢?下面的小编将为你介绍具体步骤：
步骤一：首先记住文章框架
1.在3.5分钟左右阅读文章。
2.在每一段的结尾，一句话概括了该段的主要思路。
3.读完全文后，浏览每一段主旨，并做一个归纳性的总结。
4. 提炼文章的整体主旨。
上述步骤可以帮助考生熟悉全文并加快解决问题的速度。
步骤二：回顾检查记忆内容
1. 把刚才看过的文章翻过去，暂时不去看。
2. 在纸上写下刚才的每段主旨和文章整体主旨。
检查记忆是测试你在文章中实际记住了多少内容，这实际上也是GRE阅读理解考察的能力。
如果在刚开始练习时没有记住任何内容并不重要，但请不要在此阶段直接阅读该文章。只要尽可能地记下你记得的东西即可。
步骤三：结合记忆答题
1.现在我们可以把刚刚的文章翻回来再看一遍。
2.如果主题涉及到特定的细节，比如在某一行中描述特定的内容，那么立即找到文章的相关部分寻找答案。
3.如果这不是一个细节题，直接回答它。
4.如果能够确定答案，便立刻回答并继续进行下一个问题。
5.如果不能确认答案，再返回文章快速找到。
6.如果前面的步骤无法解决问题，那就做个记号空下，继续跟进下一个问题。
GRE阅读备考真题解析之器官移植
The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens (a usually protein or carbohydrate substance (as a toxin or enzyme) capable of stimulating an immune response) of both individuals are nearly identical, and (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these “normal” rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver’s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient’s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.
17. The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in which of the following ways?
(A) Explicate their main features
(B) Suggest an alternative to them
(C) Examine their virtues and limitations
(D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them(E)
(E) Present findings that qualify them
18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the
(A) size of their livers
(B) constitution of their skin
(C) strength of their immune-response reactions
(D) sensitivity of their antigens(C)
(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes
19. According to the hypothesis of the author, after a successful liver transplant, the reason that rats do not reject further transplants of other organs from the same donor is that the
(A) transplantation antigens of the donor and the recipient become matched
(B) lymphocytes of the recipient are weakened by the activity of the transplanted liver
(C) subsequently transplanted organ is able to repair the damage caused by the recipient’s immune-response reaction
(D) transplanted liver continues to be the primary locus for the recipient’s immune-response reaction(D)
(E) recipient is unable to manufacture the lymphocytes necessary for the immune-response reaction
20. Which of the following new findings about strains of rats that do not normally reject liver transplants, if true, would support the authors’ hypothesis?
I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases.
II. Increasing the strength of the recipient’s immune-response reaction can induce liver-transplant rejection.
III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation.
IV. Preventing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants.
(A) II only
(B) I and III only
(C) II and IV only
(D) I, II, and III only(A)
(E) I, III, and IV only
GRE双语阅读：五件事加快衰老速度
Your Lunchtime cola
午餐时的可乐
What it ages: Your bones
老化部位：骨骼
The science: Older women who drank a cola every day had significantly lower bone-mineral density than those who consumed less than one cola per month, according to a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. It’s not exactly clear why cola had this effect, but the study researchers believe that it could be the combination of caffeine and phosphoric acid (which most other carbonated drinks don’t have) that causes the problem.
科学研究：《美国临床营养期刊》研究发现，年纪较大的女性如果每天喝一杯可乐，骨密度会远低于那些每月只喝不到一杯可乐的同龄女性。尚不明确可乐为何会产生这种影响，不过许多研究者认为可能是咖啡因与磷酸(其他大多数碳酸饮料不含该成分)结合，造成这个问题。
What you can do: Cut back. Keep in mind that diet cola had similar effects and, to a lesser extent, so did decaf versions. If you need bubbles, try seltzer instead.
解决办法：少饮可乐。记住，健怡可乐也会影响骨密度，不过程度比较轻，脱咖啡因可乐亦如此。如果你想喝碳酸饮料，选择苏打水泡腾片吧。
Your Daily Commute
日常交通
What it ages: Your skin
老化部位：皮肤
The science: The air you’re exposed to on the highway is no friend to your complexion. Traffic-related pollution can lead to age spots, according to a review in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, while another review in Frontiers in Environmental Science found that pollution contributes to overall skin aging, plus other problems like acne, eczema and psoriasis.
科学研究：路上的空气可不是皮肤的好朋友。《皮肤病学研究杂志》表明，交通污染会引发老年斑。《环境科学前沿》还发现，污染会导致皮肤整体老化并产生一系列问题，如粉刺、痤疮和牛皮鲜。
What you can do: Until someone comes up with a way to make a long commute shorter, these tips should help. First, if you drive an older car, roll your windows down instead of up when you’re sitting in traffic. (With an older air-filter system, you’ll just breath in your car’s own exhaust if you keep them up). Second, apply a topical antioxidant product to your face, neck in the morning to help protect your skin from environmental pollution.
解决办法：如果行程不可缩短，那这些方法也许有用。首先，如果你开的是旧车，开车时要把车窗摇下来。因为旧车的空气过滤设备老化，摇起车窗只会吸入车的尾气。其次，在脸和脖子上涂一些抗氧化性产品，减少环境污染带来的伤害。
A Hypercritical Boss
吹毛求疵的老板
What it ages: Your brain
老化部位：大脑
The science: Anxiety and stress can shrink your hippocampus, and in people already experiencing the cognitive decline that can lead to Alzheimer’s, they could potentially speed up the progression of the disease.
科学研究：压力和焦虑会使大脑中的海马体缩小。对于那些认知能力已经开始下降的、可能会得老年痴呆症的人来说，病情可能会加速发展。
Your hippocampus controls memory formation and also plays a role in regulating your emotions. It naturally gets smaller as we age, but a review in Current Opinion in Psychiatry found that stress can cause structural damage and accelerate the shrinking process.
海马体是大脑中负责记忆和感情的部分。随着年龄增加，它会不断缩小。不过，《精神医学最新观点》发现，压力会造成海马体结构性损伤，加速缩小进程。
“Cortisol is released when you’re stressed and cortisol is toxic to the hippocampus,” explains lead study author Linda Mah, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Toronto and clinical scientist at the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care. Before you get anxious about how stress and anxiety are affecting your brain, know this: The researchers concluded that “pathological anxiety and chronic stress” are the real dangers, meaning the kind that’s unrelenting and never seems to go away. If you think that’s what you’re experiencing, talk to your doctor about ways to manage it.
“紧张时会释放出皮质醇，对海马体百害无利，”研究作者Linda Mah表示，同时他还是东京大学的精神学助教、Baycrest老年护理中心的临床科学家。在你焦急的想知道焦虑和紧张是如何影响大脑之前，先弄清楚这些：研究人员认为“病态焦虑和慢性压力”是真正的元凶，这些可是顽固性因子。如果你觉得自己有这些症状，和医生谈谈解决办法。
Dr. Mah led another study in focusing on people with mild cognitive impairment, or MCI. (MCI is considered a precursor to Alzheimer’s. Not everyone with MCI develops Alzheimer’s, but almost all cases of Alzheimer’s start as MCI.) Subjects who experienced anxiety at any time were more likely to progress to Alzheimer’s during the three-year study. The more severe the anxiety, the higher the risk.
Mah医生在做了另一项研究，关注那些患有轻度认知障碍(MCI)的人。MCI是老年痴呆症的早期疾病，不是每一个有MCI的人都会得老年痴呆症，但是大多老年痴呆症的病人都是从患有MCI开始的。在这三年的研究中，容易焦虑的人更容易得老年痴呆症。焦虑程度越高，患病风险也越高。
What you can do: You’ve heard this before, but managing your stress levels is incredibly important. Exercise may be particularly helpful in dealing with work worries, according to a new study in the journal Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, which reported that being physically fit helped protect against the health effects of work-related stress.
解决方法：你之前可能听说过，学会控制压力至关重要。《运动医学与科学》杂志最新研究表明，锻炼也许能帮助减轻工作压力。同时，健康的身体也会帮助我们抵抗工作压力带来的不利影响。
Sleepless Nights
夜间失眠
What they age: Your cells
老化部位：细胞
The science: A startling discovery comes via a study in Biological Psychiatry, which reported that women with five key symptoms of insomnia were almost two years older biologically than women of the same age without sleep issues. (The insomnia symptoms were difficulty falling asleep, restlessness, waking up during the night, trouble dozing off again and waking up too early.) This study didn’t show an obvious cause-and-effect relationship, but study author Steve Horvath, PhD, notes that it’s still good not to let sleep issues linger.
科学研究：生物精神病学研究有一项惊人的发现，有五大失眠症状的女性在生理上要比同龄女性老两岁。五大失眠症包括入睡困难、情绪不安、夜间易醒、午休困难、过早起床。该研究并未显示明显的因果关系，但是研究作者Steve Horvath博士表示还是要解决这些失眠问题。
What you can do: Treat the insomnia. If you’re having trouble sleeping, or notice any of the five symptoms above, ask your doctor for help.
解决方法：治疗失眠。如果你入睡困难，有上述症状，向医生寻求帮助。
An Expanding Waistline
腰围增加
What it ages: Your brain
老化部位：大脑
The science: Our brains naturally lose white matter with age, but researchers from the University of Cambridge found that the brains of overweight and obese people had the same amount of white matter as healthy people 10 years older than them. Being physically unfit in middle age was also linked to smaller brain size, according to research in Neurology.
科学研究：大脑中的白质会随年龄增加而不断损耗。剑桥大学的研究人员发现，体重超重的人大脑中的白质与与比自己大10岁的人含量相当。神经病学研究表明，中年人身体不健康也会导致脑容量减小。
What you can do: Get regular exercise (the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise, or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise, per week) and manage your weight to help keep your brain at a healthy size for your age.
解决方法：锻炼。美国卫生与人类服务部建议，每周至少要有150分钟的有氧运动，或是75分钟的剧烈运动。并且要控制体重，以此保证正常的大脑容量。
篇2：GRE阅读备考先从文章结构开始
GRE阅读备考先从文章结构开始 看懂5大行文套路速度自然提升
GRE阅读文章常见结构：自然社会现象类
考点：顾名思义是对某种自然或社会现象进行分析解释。这类文章在一开始就会描述一种“奇怪”的现象，说它奇怪是因为这种现象发生的频率比较低或者在日常生活中不容易见到，又或者是容易被我们忽略的一些现象。文章的展开也是围绕这一现象进行，首先是对这一现象的描述，然后介绍其产生的原因及所造成的影响，从而间接地表达作者的态度或评价。
应对方法：对于这类文章，考生不仅要对描述的现象有所了解，知道其具体在讲什么，更重的是对该现象的成因解释要理解透彻，明确产生这种现象的真正原因才能在作答时快速准确的从文中找到依据。建议大家在平时的练习中养成剖析文章结构的习惯，这样不仅可以大大提高做题的效率，还能举一反三，考生只要稍作归纳，就可以迅速解题，做到事半功倍。
GRE阅读文章常见结构：两个以上观点对比类
考点：观点对比型的GRE阅读通常会在文章一开始就提出两个或两个以上的观点，并在下文中呈现出对比分析的特点。通过对两个或多个观点的分析比较，间接表现出作者的态度和评价，从而判断文章的主旨和基调。在做题过程中要注意观察作者的态度或评价，因为此类型的文章中通常会有关于作者态度的题目。
应对方法：这类文章主要是考察考生对文章整体的把握程度，对文章结构和内容的分析能力，以及对作者态度评价及逻辑的判断。文章通常围绕新观点展开，明白这一点，就要在平时的练习中多家注意，并养成好的做题习惯，这样才能在考试的时候临危不乱，取得满意的成绩。
GRE阅读文章常见结构：先给结论再做证明类
考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出一个明确的结论，然后在下文中围绕这一结论进行详细论述，通过摆事实和分析论据的方式来证明结论的正确性或可行性。文章的展开通常会以“总-分”的形式来呈现。
应对方法：这类文章一般在首句都会出现一个主题句，即topic sentence，接着下文围绕这一话题展开讨论，并且在讨论的过程中不断抛出论据来证明该结论的正确性。通过对论据的分析考生可以准确判断作者的态度，对接下来的题目练习做好铺垫。考生在平时练习的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，“养兵千日用兵一时”对提升考生的准确率是非常有效的。
GRE阅读文章常见结构：新旧观点对比分析类
考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出两个或两个以上关于新观点的主题句，然后在下文中围绕这一观点进行详细论述和对比分析，并且在对比中会着重凸显作者的态度和观点。下面给大家举例说明一下。
应对方法：同样，此类文章在结构上也会呈现出总-分-总结构，第一段抛出观点之后在接下来的段落中进行对性的分析，最后一段通常是对比分析后得出的结论汇总。所以在平时做GRE阅读的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，这样在做题的时候就能做到心中有数，下笔有神。
GRE阅读文章常见结构：提出问题设问解答类
考点：问题解答类的文章通常会以问句的形式开始，第一段会提出一个问题或者呈现一个难题，而问题通常是“设问”句。常见的标志词如：problem，difficulty, task, puzzle, challenge, question等词。紧接着会对这一问题进行解答或作出解释，文章围绕这些问题展开讨论分析，并把作者的观点态度贯穿其中。主要考察考生对文章问题的理解以及对所给答案的分析和判断，要求考生有明确的思路和方向。
应对方法：该类文章的大体结构基本可以总结为“提问-解答-表明立场”，考生在读文章的时候一定要把握好文章的基调和作者的评价，善于分析并把握文章的重点，判断作者最想表达的内容。为接下来的作答做好准备。首先，正如上文介绍的，文章一开始就要找出作者提出的文章要讨论的问题。接着，作者会对此给出解答这个问题的重要信息考生对这些信息要进行明确的标注，方便最后的题目解答。最后根据作者对问题作出的回答判断作者的观点和立场，把握文章的主要内容。
以上这些就是GRE阅读文章中比较常见的结构和框架套路了。大家如果能够对这些内容熟练掌握，那么无论在考试中遭遇何种困难的文章，小编相信大家都能够更加顺利地进行应对并做好题目。
GRE阅读长难句中译英练习
51. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.
52. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior.
53. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.
54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
55. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
51.[参考译文]跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在由构成地球表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现;相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块较纵深的内部。
52.[参考译文]携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。
53.[参考译文]随着这个穹窿的增长，他会发展成一个裂缝，经过几次变化之后，大陆可能会沿着这个裂缝完全形成一个新的海洋地貌。
54.[参考译文]尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的--比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告--许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们)并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
55.[参考译文]与此同时，美国法律研究所--由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重--发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。
GRE阅读练习每日一篇
Notable as important nineteenth-century novels by women, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights treat women very differently. Shelley produced a “masculine” text in which the fates of subordinate female characters seem entirely dependent on the actions of male heroes or anti-heroes (anti-hero: n.平凡的主角). Bronte produced a more realistic narrative, portraying a world where men battle for (battle for: v.为...斗争) the favors of apparently high-spirited, independent women. Nevertheless, these two novels are alike in several crucial ways. Many readers are convinced that the compelling mysteries of each plot conceal elaborate structures of allusion and fierce, though shadowy, moral ambitions that seem to indicate metaphysical intentions, though efforts by critics to articulate these intentions have generated much controversy. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorial intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.
17. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) defend a controversial interpretation of two novels
(B) explain the source of widely recognized responses to two novels
(C) delineate broad differences between two novels
(D) compare and contrast two novels
(E) criticize and evaluate two novels
18. According the passage, Frankenstein differs from Wuthering Heights in its
(A) use of multiple narrators
(B) method of disguising the author’s real purposes
(C) portrayal of men as determiners of the novel’s action
(D) creation of a realistic story
(E) controversial effect on readers
19. Which of the following narrative strategies best exemplifies the “evidentiary narrative technique” mentioned in line 24?
(A) Telling a story in such a way that the author’s real intentions are discernible only through interpretations of allusions to a world outside that of the story
(B) Telling a story in such a way that the reader is aware as events unfold of the author’s underlying purposes and the ways these purposes conflict with the drama of the plot
(C) Telling a story in a way that both directs attention to the incongruities among the points of view of several characters and hints that the plot has a significance other than that suggested by its mere events
(D) Telling a story as a mystery in which the reader must deduce, from the conflicting evidence presented by several narrators, the moral and philosophical significance of character and event
(E) Telling a story from the author’s point of view in a way that implies both the author’s and the reader’s ironic distance from the dramatic unfolding of events
20. According to the passage, the plots of Wuthering Heights and Frankenstein are notable for their elements of
(A) drama and secrecy
(B) heroism and tension
(C) realism and ambition
(D) mystery and irony
(E) morality and metaphysics
Climatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere—for example, in the relative proportions of atmospheric gases—the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the heat-retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth’s surface.
The level of carbon dioxide, CO2, in the atmosphere has an important effect on climatic change. Most of the Earth’s incoming energy is short-wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as long-wavelength radiation, which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430℃. If the CO2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3℃.
If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activity, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2 would probably increase. As a consequence, plants would use more and more CO2. Eventually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperature would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation in the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increases and decreases of a set magnitude.
Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature increase of at least 1℃. But a supposed global temperature rise of 1℃ may in reality be only several regional temperature increases, restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations.
21. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?
(A) Why are projections of the effects of changes in water vapor levels on the climate so inaccurate?
(B) What are the steps in the process that takes place as CO2 absorbs long-wavelength radiation?
(C) How might our understanding of the greenhouse effect be improved if the burning of fossil fuels were decreased?
(D) What might cause a series of regular increases and decreases in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?
(E) Why are there fewer meteorological recording stations in the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone than elsewhere?
22. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) explaining the effects that the burning of fossil fuels might have on climate
(B) illustrating the effects of CO2 on atmospheric radiation
(C) discussing effects that changes in the CO2 level in the atmosphere might have on climate
(D) challenging hypotheses about the effects of water vapor and CO2 on climate
(E) refuting hypotheses by climatologists about the causes of global temperature fluctuations
23. The passage suggests that a large decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere would result in
(A) at least a slight decrease in global temperatures
(B) at the most a slight increase in short-wavelength radiation reaching the Earth
(C) a slight long-term increase in global temperatures
(D) a large long-term increase in the amount of volcanic activity
(E) a slight short-term increase in atmosphere water vapor content
24. The author refers to Venus primarily in order to
(A) show the inherent weakness of the greenhouse effect theory
(B) show that the greenhouse effect works on other planets but not on Earth
(C) show the extent to which Earth’s atmosphere differs from that of Venus
(D) support the contention that as water vapor increase, the amount of CO2 increases
(E) support the argument that the CO2 level in the atmosphere has a significant effect on climate
25. The passage suggests that if there were a slight global warming at the present time, it would be
(A) easy to measure the exact increase in temperature because of the abundance of temperature recording stations throughout the world
(B) difficult to measure the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere because of local variations in amounts
(C) easy to demonstrate the effects of the warming on the water vapor in the atmosphere
(D) difficult to prove that the warming was caused by the burning of fossil fuels
(E) easy to prove that the warming was caused by an increase of cloud cover
26. The discussion of climate in the passage suggests which of the following conclusion?
I. Climate is not perfectly stable, and slight regional temperature variations can be considered a normal feature of the environment.
II. We are unable at present to measure global temperature changes precisely.
III. The most important cause of regional climatic fluctuations is the change in CO2 levels in the atmosphere.
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
27. All of the following can be found in the author’s discussion of climate EXCEPT
(A) a statement about the effects of increased volcanic activity on the Earth’s temperatures
(B) an indication of the effect of an increase in water vapor in the atmosphere
(C) a contrast between two theories about the effects of a lowering of CO2 levels in the atmosphere
(D) a generalization about the efficiency of meteorological recording stations
(E) a hypothesis about the relationship between atmospheric gases and changes in climate
GRE阅读备考先从文章结构开始
篇3：GRE阅读备考建议
GRE阅读备考建议
一、提高技能
其实，提高GRE阅读能力是提高几项具体技能，比如对文章结构的把握(这是做主题和态度题的关键)、对常规考点的熟悉程度、以及对原文与选项之间相应规则的掌握。
如果你只是盲目地做问题，不总结和积累需要掌握的知识和技能，那么做问题的目的只是为了赶上进度，没有任何改进的帮助。因此，在进行gre阅读练习时，不应盲目追求阅读量，而应真正提高阅读质量。
此外，GRE阅读是一个长期的过程，更不用说几天的练习会有效果。即使你做了很长时间，只要你的方法是正确的，效果可能并不明显。因此，这一次是最关键的时刻，往往离胜利只有一步之遥。如果我们坚持下去，我们就会得到启发。
二。掌握文章的结构
文章的结构是阅读问题整体思维的关键。gre阅读备考, gre考试培训掌握文章的结构，就会知道文章的大致脉络，文章的大致意思几乎是一样的。文章的结构类型和标志词，gre阅读备考, gre备考要多久以及文章的结构类型和主题之间的关系，仔细分析一个主题的正确答案是如何描述原文的主题和结构的，事实上，正确答案是文章中心句的改写形式，最重要的是找出原文的中心句，这有助于读者更深入地理解原文的结构。有效的方法。
三、熟悉定期考点
俗话说，知己知彼，百战百胜。如果你想快速克服GRE阅读困难，你需要了解问题制造者的想法。根据题目，我们可以推断出原来的考点，考查了原文的哪些内容，是否注意到这些内容并加以标注，这些内容中可以总结出哪些规律和特色词。这个总结很重要。如果坚持下去，过一段时间就会发现一些固定的原创问题，将来读原创时自然会注意到。
GRE阅读：长难句分析
However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. (4-)
起初，蓝袜女们确实模仿了法国沙龙女主人，将男性襄括到其小圈子中来。然则，随着她们获得的凝聚力，她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体，并拥有了一种妇女团结意识，而这种意识在法国沙龙女主人身上则荡然无存，因为她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而彼此孤立隔绝开来。
难句类型：复杂修饰
解释：本句读到表示并列的连词and开始变难。and之后的不定式与前面的不定式是并列的，to的前面省略了一个与前面一样的谓语came。 lacking之后的分词作定语修饰a sense of female solidarity其后的由who引导的定语从句又修饰逗号前面的salonnieres此从句中又有一个定语从句that each salonniere held in her own salon修饰其前的primacy,但是由于引导词that在从句中作宾语，因此被省略。
GRE阅读：解析倒装句
在GRE阅读中，考生往往会因为倒装结构的不清晰导致无法理顺整个句子的结构与来龙去脉，所谓倒装也就是为了实现强调句子的某个成分对原有句子结构进行的语言顺序上的某些调整和变化。某些情况往往说话人也会为了某种修辞目的采用倒装结构，修辞目的的倒装结构以文学作品居多。通常在考试的情况下，试题命题人往往会出于某种迷惑考生的目的，有意将句子结构进行改写，在GRE阅读的很多文章中我们都可以发现这种情况。下面我们就结合几个典型的实例来对倒装结构进行分析常见倒装搭配的几种情况：
及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况。
例如：bring A to B，写作：Bring to B A例：Yet Walter’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
翻译：然而，沃尔泽的论点，无论它不充分到何种地步，确实揭示了资本主义体制中最为严重的一个弱点，即它将某一类人置于社会中的显赫位置，这类人无论以怎样合法的手段获得了其物质报酬，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质。
如果从bring A to B的角度去分析这个句子，则这个句子应该将people who....or admiration写到it brings 后面，之所以原句子不这样做，则遵循了英语的句尾信息焦点原则，从而尾部信息成为一种受到强调的部位.根据这条原则，说话人要强调什么意思，便可以让他出现在句子的句尾，而传递的信息便主次分明了.句尾信息焦点和“尾重”原则就是采用这一原理.对比下面这两句话：
The patient was taken good care of, and began to recover immediately.
The patient was taken good care of, and immediately began to recover.
这两个句子的意思都是病人受到了很好的照顾，很快开始康复。但第一句的意义重心是immediately, 强调了康复的速度，而第二句的意义重心则在于“康复”而不强调“马上”。
另外上面的第一个例句中的倒装部分还考虑了一个因素，那就是使之读起来不至于让人产生头重脚轻的感觉，而“people who....or admiration”带有一个较长的定语从句，所以就放在了末尾，另外作者在本句中所强调的部分显然是“often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质”另外“no matter how......material rewards”为本句当中的一个插入语成分
篇4：GRE阅读备考经验
GRE阅读备考经验分享：要学会取舍和做好标记
1、一句话只看一遍，充分利用自己的语法知识，时刻把握句子主干，修饰成分要毫无感觉得快速浏览。
2、做标记除了大写字母、时间年代、最高级、转折标志词、因果标志词、列举、让步、强对比以外，还要标记出并列连接词、分号、冒号、表示态度的词，原因我会在下面的取舍中谈到。我的做标记的小窍门：标记符号不要只用一种，也不要过多，个人感觉最多三种，分别标记原因、转折和其他，不过我自己只用下划线和括号。
3、一定要取舍。
我以前的标准是：
a)让步分句一律跳过，只看后半个分句;
b)such as后的内容一律跳过，也用括号括起来，不过我会数数列举的个数，如果是4个，则必出题，其他个数不用管，出题了再回头看;
c)for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了，也要括起来，重点看后面或前面的结论。
d)原因——标志词常为because、since——一律跳过，括起来，只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到这两个，我在下面划横线做标记。
e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行，其他一律跳过。
f)冒号后一律跳过，冒号下做标记。
g)分号后一律跳过，因为表示并列，内容和前面大体一致，分号做标记，出题的话再回来看。
我现在的标准是：
上面这些全看，因为速度上来了，但看这些内容时仍然是“毫无感觉”地看，可以不用担心它们会分散注意力了。
当这些内容都做标记后，文章结构就非常清楚了，哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然，定位非常容易。
4.我的提高阅读速度的不二法门：反复阅读已经读过的文章，5遍左右吧!慢慢地就会产生一种直觉，知道哪里略读哪里重读。
新GRE逻辑阅读
1.Patel:Although enrollment in the region's high school has been decreasing for several years, enrollment at the elementary school has grown considerably. Therefore, the regional school board proposes building a new elementary school.
Quintero: Another solution would be to convert some high school classrooms temporarily into classrooms for elementary school students. Which of the following, if true, most helps to support
Quintero's alternative proposal?
(A) Some rooms at the high school cannot be con-verted into rooms suitable for the use of ele-mentary school students.
(B) The cost of building a high school is higher than the cost of building an elementary school.
(C) Although the birth rate has not increased, the number of families sending their children to the region's high school has increased markedly.
(D) A high school atmosphere could jeopardize the safety and self-confidence of elementary school students.
(E) Even before the region's high school population began to decrease, several high school class-rooms rarely needed to be used.
2. Peter: More than ever before in Risland, college graduates with science deGREes are accepting permanent jobs in other fields. That just goes to show that scientists in Risland are not being paid enough.
Lila: No, it does not. These graduates are not working in science for the simple reason that there are not enough jobs in science in Risland to employ all of these graduates.
Which of the following, if true in Risland, would most undermine the reasoning in Peter's argument?
(A) The college graduates with science deGREes who are not working in science are currently earning lower salaries than they would earn as scientists.
(B) Fewer college students than ever before are receiving deGREes in science.
(C) The number of jobs in science has steadily risen in the last decade.
(D) A significant number of college graduates with science deGREes worked at low-paying jobs while they were in college.
(E) Every year some recent college graduates with science deGREes accept permanent jobs in nonscientific fields.
3.Counselor: Every year a popular newsmagazine pub-lishes a list of United States colleges, ranking them according to an overall numerical score that is a composite of ratings according to sev-eral criteria. However, the overall scores gen-erally should not be used by students as the basis for deciding to which colleges to apply.Which of the following, if true, most helps to justify the counselor's recommendation?
(A) The vast majority of people who purchase the magazine in which the list appears are not college-bound students.
(B) Colleges that are ranked highest in the magazine's list use this fact in advertisements aimed at attracting students.
(C) The rankings seldom change from one year to the next.
(D) The significance that particular criteria have for any two students is likely to differ according to the students' differing needs.
(E) Some college students who are pleased with their schools considered the magazine's rankings before deciding which college to attend.
4. A thorough search of Edgar Allan Poe's correspon-dence has turned up not a single letter in which he mentions his reputed morphine addiction. On the basis of this evidence it is safe to say that Poe's reputation for having been a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue. Which of the following is assumed by the argumentabove?
(A) Reports claiming that Poe was addicted to mor-phine did not begin to circulate until after his death.
(B) None of the reports of Poe's supposed morphine addiction can be traced to individuals who actu-ally knew Poe.
(C) Poe's income from writing would not have been sufficient to support a morphine addiction.
(D) Poe would have been unable to carry on an extensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine.
(E) Fear of the consequences would not have pre-vented Poe from indicating in his correspon-dence that he was addicted to morphine.
5. Adelle: The government's program to reduce the unemployment rate in the province of Carthena by encouraging job creation has failed, since the rate there has not changed appreciably since the program began a year ago.
Fran: But the unemployment rate in Carthena had been rising for three years before the program began, so the program is helping.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly counters Fran's objection to Adelle's argument?
(A) The government is advised by expert economists, some of whom specialize in employment issues.
(B) The unemployment rate in the province of Carthena has historically been higher than that of the country as a whole.
(C) The current government was elected by a wide margin, because of its promises to reduce the unemployment rate in Carthena.
(D) Around the time the government program began, large numbers of unemployed Carthena residents began leaving the province to look for work elsewhere.
(E) The unemployment rate in Carthena had been relatively stable until shortly before the current government took office.
6. Soft Drink Manufacturer：Our new children's soft drink, RipeCal, is fortified with calcium. Since calcium is essential for developing healthy bones, drinking RipeCal regularly will help make children healthy. Consumer Advocate：But RipeCal also contains large amounts of sugar, and regularly consuming large amounts of sugar is unhealthful, especially for children. In responding to the soft drink manufacturer, the consumer advocate does which of the following?
(A)Challenges the manufacturer's claim about the nutritional value of calcium in children's diets
(B)Argues that the evidence cited by the manufac-turer, when properly considered, leads to a conclusion opposite to that reached by themanufacturer.
(C)Implies that the manufacturer of a product is typically unconcerned with the nutritional value of that product.
(D)Questions whether a substance that is healthful when eaten in moderation can be unhealthful when eaten in excessive amounts.
(E)Presents additional facts that call into question the conclusion drawn by the manufacturer.
7.Over a period of several months, researchers attached small lights to the backs of wetas—flightless insects native to New Zealand—enabling researchers for the first time to make comprehensive observations of the insects' nighttime activities.Thus, since wetas forage only at night, the researchers' observations will significantly improve knowledge of the normal foraging habits of wetas.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Researchers were interested only in observing the wetas' foraging habits and so did not keep track of other types of behavior.
(B) No pattern of behavior that is exhibited by wetas during the nighttime is also exhibited by wetas during the daytime.
(C)Attaching the small lights to the wetas' backs did not GREatly alter the wetas' normal nighttime foraging habits.
(D)Wetas typically forage more frequently during the months in which the researchers studied them than they do at other times.
(E)The researchers did not use other observational techniques to supplement their method of using small lights to track the nighttime behavior of wetas.
8.People whose bodies cannot produce the substance cytochrome P450 are three times as likely to develop Parkinson's disease, a disease that affects the brain, as are people whose bodies do produce this substance. Since cytochrome P450 protects the brain from toxic chemicals, toxic chemicals probably play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument?
(A)It will soon be possible for cytochrome P450 to be synthesized for the treatment of people whose bodies cannot produce this substance.
(B)Many people whose bodies are unable to produce cytochrome P450 lack the ability to produce certain other substances as well.
(C)Cytochrome P450 has no effect on the brain other than to protect it from toxic chemicals.
(D)People with Parkinson's disease often exhibit a marked lessening in the severity of their symp- toms when they are treated with dopamine, a chemical produced naturally in the brain.
(E)Many people with Parkinson's disease have the ability to produce cytochrome P450 naturally.
9.The early universe contained only the lightest elements, hydrogen and helium. Heavier elements, such as carbon, form only in nuclear reactions in stars and are dispersed when the stars explode. A recently discovered gas cloud contained carbon several billion years ago, when the universe wasno more than two billion years old.If the statements above are true, which of thefollowing must, on the basis of them, also be true?
(A)The earliest stars contained only hydrogen.
(B)Some stars were formed before the universe was two billion years old.
(C)The carbon in the gas cloud later formed part of some stars.
(D)No stars identified to date are as old as the gas cloud.
(E)The gas cloud also contained hydrogen andhelium.
10.Sleep deprivation is a known cause of workplace error, and many physicians frequently go without sleep for periods of 24 hours or more. However, few of these physicians have, in the course of a routine examination by a peer, been diagnosed with sleep deprivation.So there is little cause for concern that habitual sleep deprivation will cause widespread physician error. The answer to which of the following questions would be most helpful in evaluating the argument?
(A)Do physicians who have been diagnosed with sleep disorders also show signs of other ills not related to sleep deprivation?
(B)Is the ability to recognize the symptoms of sleep deprivation in others significantly impaired by habitual sleep deprivation?
(C)Do factors other than habitual sleep deprivation ever lead to errors in the workplace on the part of physicians?
(D)Of people who have recently been treated by physicians, what percentage believe that many physicians have occasionally suffered from sleep deprivation?
(E)Is the incidence of sleep deprivation higher among physicians than it is among other health care workers?
11.A list of the fifteen operas most frequently performed in recent times includes no works by the nineteenth- century German composer Richard Wagner. Although music producers tend to produce what audiences want, relative infrequency of performance probably does not indicate lack of popularity in Wagner's case, since Wagner's operas are notoriously expensive to perform on stage. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the conclusion of the argument above?
(A)The list of most frequently performed operas does not include operas produced by small amateur groups.
(B)Some opera companies are backed by patrons who are willing to commit large sums of money in order to enjoy lavish productions.
(C)All of the fifteen most frequently performed operas of recent times are works that have been popular for at least 75 years.
(D)More recordings have been produced recently of the works of Wagner than of the works of any other composer of opera.
(E)Operatic works of all kinds have been increasing in popularity in recent years.
12.The bodies of dwarf individuals of mammalian species are generally smaller in relation to those of nondwarf individuals than are the teeth of the dwarf individuals in relation to those of the nondwarf indi- viduals. Fragmentary skeletal remains of an adult dwarf woolly mammoth were recently found. The teeth are three-fourths the size of the teeth of an average adult nondwarf woolly mammoth. The statements above, if true, most strongly support which of the following?
(A)The body of the dwarf woolly mammoth was less than three-fourths the size of the body of an average adult nondwarf woolly mammoth.
(B)None of the teeth of the dwarf woolly mammoth that were recently discovered was as large as any of the teeth of nondwarf woolly mammoths that have been discovered.
(C)The teeth of most adult dwarf individuals of mammalian species are three- fourths the size of the teeth of the adult nondwarf individuals of the same species.
(D)Dwarf woolly mammoths had the same number of teeth as did nondwarf woolly mammoths.
(E)Dwarf individuals of most mammalian species are generally no more than three-fourths the size of the adult nondwarf individuals of those species.
13.Excluding purchases by businesses, the average amount spent on a factory-new car has risen 30 per- cent in the last five years. In the average household budget, the proportion spent on car purchases has remained unchanged in that period. Therefore the average household budget must have increased by 30 percent over the last five years.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
(A)The average number of factory-new cars pur-chased per household has remained unchanged over the last five years.
(B)The average amount spent per car by businesses buying factory-new cars has risen 30 percent in the last five years.
(C)The proportion of the average household budgetspent on all car-related expenses has remained unchanged over the last five years.
(D)The proportion of the average household budget spent on food and housing has remained unchanged over the last five years.
(E)The total amount spent nationwide on factory- new cars has increased by 30 percent over the last five years.
篇5：GRE备考从阅读开始的学习攻略
GRE备考如何迎难而上获得高分?从阅读开始的学习攻略分享
GRE备考从阅读开始迎难而上
正式地开始准备GRE，是从大三的寒假开始的。与大多数人不同的是，我的备考始于阅读，从最难啃的骨头啃起，以后便也没什么好畏惧的了。
在取消了“类反”之后，很多人企图用单词来弥补阅读能力的缺陷的想法已经无法再work。早早开始读东西，真正提高自己阅读文章，提炼信息，把握行文结构和作者意图的能力才是王道。出于提高阅读实力的考虑，以及对新G备考材料的不完全信任，我先是把老G的黄皮书阅读给做了一遍。当时每天把书放在床头，醒来的第一件事就是把计划内的文章做完，读懂，然后才下床做别的事去，以免自己给自己找借口，没办法完成当日的任务。
作为一个理科生，老GRE里文学艺术题材的长文章曾经真的是很让我头疼，甚至连断句都有困难，于是我花了一周的时间，读完了长难句教程，效果真的很好，之后再遇到结构古怪的句子，就见怪不怪了，顺畅的很。
一本书做下来，从最开始的反复多次才能够看懂一篇长文章，到最后的阅读一遍脑海就能浮现这篇文章的结构，我觉得，在读一篇文章的时候，一定要首先把握好这个文章阐述的对象是什么，要探讨的问题是什么，有哪几个时期，哪几派观点，它们之间的异同是什么，而其余细节都暂且忽略。这样很有利于我们在做题时把观点错误、过于细节的选项快速排除，留出足够的时间来回溯细节问题。
在夯实了一些实力之后，我开始用阅读36套来熟悉新G的考试形式。由于经历了之前的磨练，这一遍做题顺畅了很多，我的阅读部分也就暂告一段落。之后只是偶尔看一些LSAT的阅读来保持阅读时注意力的专注、巩固之前建立的方法，主要的精力则转向填空。
如何解决词汇老大难问题?
到此，我已经对Verbal有了基本的把握，但随后的模考又暴露了新的问题。我发现自己的词汇量仅限于做过的题目而已。但在实际的考试中，词汇的范围其实是不存在的，如果涉及到不懂的词汇，再好的逻辑分析能力都无法发挥。于是背单词这项伟大的事业被我提上日程。
说到底，在GRE备考过程中被我翻烂了的，就只有一本便携的《再要你命3000》而已。那段时间我依然偶尔会需要做实验，经常跑到校外找导师聊天、听各种讲座，5月底还去上海开了一个会，这本3000就一直在我包里，排队、坐车、等人、无聊了都可以看。要说便携，《红宝》也有啊，别的书带起来也不见得多难呀，为什么偏偏是这个?原因有几个：
(1) 比起通过统计以往真题所得到的机械的词库，我个人更偏好人工编纂的词库，相较于很多其他针对新GRE所出的单词书，《再要你命3000》选词更为精要，都是对语义理解很关键形容词、副词和动词。
(2) 这本书的制作团队更为用心，它的单词释义准确性要比同类型的其他书籍好很多(这个我自己比较过的，许多书为了及早与考生见面，出得仓促，不仅内容拖沓，排版、印刷漏洞也很多)。
(3) 有很多同学对同一单词的诸多释义感到非常头大，在我看来，在背单词的初期就急着掌握多个解释其实会将这个单词的独特性blur掉，使我们将不同单词区分开的难度成指数地增长。因而我认为，开始时选择一本信息量相对较少的书来进行重复记忆，快速的搭建起词汇的框架，从小3000开始，之后再转向大3000，为这个框架添枝加叶，是一个循序渐进的好办法。
背GRE单词的时候，要心若止水，遗忘是很正常的，再刷，再刷一次，就好了。后期可以加入一些辅助的材料，比如大3000里的同义、反义词，齐际总结的SAT&GRE 常考词汇意群。如果不能将每个单词的意思记清楚，大概了解长什么样的单词和长什么样的单词是一个意思/是相反的意思也是好的。
从词汇量和解题思路两方面解决GRE填空
在确定具体的填空复习计划之前，我做了一套黄皮书上的练习，一方面检测自己主要在哪几个地方有不足，另一方面了解考试形式。由于单词不认识导致的错误占80%以上，而另外的20%中，绝大部分则是查着字典也无法作对的题。于是我知道，不背单词就去盲目地大规模做题没有任何意义;同时，我在解题思路和方法上还存在很大的缺陷。为了能够真正地利用好黄皮书上经典的题目，我花一个礼拜把《新GRE高频词汇·句子填空》背了两遍，生词率低于五分之一。同时把许久之前上老G课的笔记仔细阅读了几遍，体会句子中结构和语义的对应。然后是两周的时间，将黄皮书做了3遍，第一遍巩固了单词，感受做题方法，第二三遍则是对第一遍的错题的分析、总结、整理。
GRE数学最后突破轻松搞定
GRE数学的复习我只在考前拿了一天时间完整读完了OG的数学部分，包括它给出的review。对于理科生，过多做题很没有必要;对于文科生，review的部分可以帮我们很好地温习那些早已被忘却的知识。
GRE分类词汇记忆：进行其它动作的人
3.8.3 演员
comedienne n. 说笑话、演滑稽剧等的女演员(女喜剧演员)
comic n. 喜剧演员;adj. 可笑的;喜剧的
buffoon n. 演出时的丑角;粗俗而愚蠢的人
clown n. 小丑;v. 扮小丑
wag n. 诙谐幽默者(小丑);v. (狗尾巴等)摆动
acrobat n. 特技演员，杂技演员
ballerina n. 芭蕾舞女演员
cast n. 演员阵容;剧团;v. 扔;铸造
diva n. 歌剧中的女主角
mime n. 哑剧(演员);哑剧表演 (mimi v. 模仿，戏弄)
personage n. (戏剧)角色;名人
understudy n. 预备演员，替角;v. 充当…的替角
ventriloquist n. 口技表演者，会口技的人
GRE分类词汇记忆：艺术家
3.8.2 艺术家，音乐者
avant-garde n. (艺术)先锋派
daubster n. 拙劣的画家
sculptor n. 雕刻家
composer n. 作曲家
maestro n. 音乐大师;艺术大师
musicologist n. 音乐学者 (musicology n. 音乐学)
canary n. 女歌星;金丝雀
tenor n. 男高音;要点，要旨
vocalist n. 流行歌手，声乐家
instrumentalist n. 乐器演奏者
percussionist n. 敲击乐器的乐师
GRE分类词汇记忆：宗教界
3.7 宗教界
acolyte n. (教士的)助手，侍僧
cardinal n. 红衣主教;adj. 最重要的
guru n. 古鲁(印度的宗教领袖);(受尊敬的)教师或权威
oracle n. 代神发布神谕的人
ordain v. 任命(神职);颁发命令
pastor n. 牧师;牧人 (pasture n. 牧草，牧场)
vicar n. 教区牧师
ascetic n. 苦行者;adj. 禁欲的 (asceticism n. 禁欲主义)
bigot n. (宗教、政治等的)盲信者;心胸狭窄者
conformist n. 尊奉者，英国国教徒
disciple n. 信徒，弟子
heretic n. 异教徒
hermit n. 修道者，隐士
laity n. 俗信徒，俗人阶级;外行
layman n. 普通信徒(有别于神职人员);门外汉
martyr n. 殉道者，烈士
pagan n. 没有宗教信仰的人;异教徒 (paganism n. 异教信仰)
pilgrim n. 朝圣者，香客
saintly adj. 圣徒似的，极为圣洁的
apostate n. 背教者;变节者
renegade n. 叛教者，叛徒
augur n. 占卜师;v. 占卜
illuminati n. 先觉者，智者
prophet n. 先知，预言家
sibyl n. 女预言家，女先知
harridan n. 老巫婆，凶恶的老妇，(骑坏的老马)
witch n. 巫婆，女巫
fury n. (希神)复仇女神;狂怒，狂暴，激烈;狂怒的人
gnome n. 地下宝藏的守护神，地精;格言
nymph n. 年轻女神;少女
titanic adj. 巨人的，力大无比的
篇6：GRE阅读备考调整思维方式是开始
GRE阅读备考调整思维方式是开始 4个要点助你重塑阅读解题思路
阅读思维塑造：文中没说的不要选
看似简单，其实包含的道理很复杂，人是主观动物，考生们总会习惯性的根据自己的知识对文中不存在的东西进行脑补，然后得出一个看似有理，实则荒谬的答案。所以，请各位考生在下笔选之前，首先问自己这个原文到底说了没有，如果没说而是自己下意识得出的推理猜测，那么还请三思而后选。
阅读思维塑造：“取非”思想
这个思维简单实用。在GRE阅读中，虚拟语气就有一种很有用的含义，那就是——见到虚拟语气就要想到“取非”。比如作者如果写到：“如果我能够把韦氏字典都背完，那我GRE阅读肯定没有问题了。”这句话其实想要表达的问题就是“我的GRE阅读有问题”。运用这种取非的思想我们可以迅速的把握作者的态度，以及作者想要表达的真实意思。就不用先翻译成绕口的中文，再拼命的思索其中的含义，可以有效地为考试争取时间。在题干中看到虚拟语气，大多需要用到取非思想，与之相对应的一种题型是GRE阅读题中常见的一种，叫做“改进型取非题”。既然是改进，原文肯定说到了它的不好之处或者有unless的句子，我们把造成不好的原因取非，就是所要的答案了。取非的思路除了可以在虚拟语气中使用，还可以在另一种逻辑关系中使用，就是强对比的关系，也就是GRE阅读题中另一种常考题型“强对比互取非题”，其主要特点是：原文中有强对比的双方，题干只问及其中一方，答案是对另一方叙述的取非;或者题干和原文存在强对比要素，如典型的时间要素，答案也是对原文的叙述取非。这就是时间状语的取非。其它的强对比关系(如处于相对低于空间的事物通常其特点呈强对比;新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强对比;用最高级、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同类事物的特征呈强对比等)，相信考生可以一眼看出，在此就不在一一列举例子了，重点在明白这种取非的思想。
阅读思维塑造：关于逻辑命题的问题
此类题目在GRE阅读中称为逻辑题，就是哪个选项成立，会support/weaken原文的观点。
先讲讲里面的逻辑思维，一个命题主要由三部分构成：条件、结论以及条件到结论的推理过程。如果同学们看到一个中文问题，说“下列哪项可以支持原文观点?”相信同学们的第一反应就是找原文的结论，再看哪个选项支持结论。这个思维就太狭隘了，因为支持条件、结论和推理过程都是对原文观点的支持，这点思维大家要建立起来。考生们在做完一个逻辑题以后，不要满足于答案，要多想想到底是支持或削弱了条件，结论还是推理过程。当把这种思维变成自己思维一部分的时候，自然可以应对自如。
阅读思维塑造：类比的思维
类比的思维在GRE阅读中绝对不少见，也就是常说的类比题。主要说“下述哪一选项所述现象和原文第N行的说法比较相像?”或者说“下列哪个选项为原文的观点提供了一个很好的例子?”
此类题的思路是：要首先对原文的内容进行归纳和抽象，抽象的时候要注意，有态度的要把态度留下，大家可以自己尝试一下如何抽象，同时也可以尝试下对其它错误选项同样也抽象。这种题目切记，不可先看选项，一定要“先抽象，再选项”。
以上就是关于GRE阅读思维塑造的一些技巧和思路，大家可以结合上述内容，总结到自己的备考方法和计划中，为GRE阅读获得高分做好充分的准备。
GRE阅读题目解析:鲸和海豚的学习能力
P24
Some researchers claim that cetaceans—whales and dolphins—have culture, which the researchers define as the ability to learn from one another. Skeptics, however, demand clear evidence that cetaceans can acquire new behaviors through some form of social learning, preferably clear-cut instances of imitation or teaching. But such evidence is difficult to obtain. While few people doubt that captive cetaceans are adept at imitation or that they reproduce behaviors taught by researchers, biologists seeking insight into cetaceans’ behavior in their natural habitats must rely on deduction rather than experiments. If members of a particular group share behaviors that do not result from genetic inheritance or environmental variation, then they have almost certainly learned them by watching, following, or listening to other animals.
1. Which of the following best describe the function of the highlighted sentence?
A. It identifies a factor that complicates biologists’ ability to draw conclusions about the behavior of cetaceans in their natural environments.
B. It illustrates the kind of deduction mentioned in the preceding sentence.
C. It explains why skeptics have remained unpersuaded by evidence that has been put forward in support of the claim that cetaceans have culture.
D. It introduces a claim that would be dismissed by both supporters and opponents of the view that cetaceans have culture.
E. It notes a previously overlooked factor that might shed light on the question of whether cetaceans have culture.
2. The passage suggests which of the following about captive cetaceans?
A. Whether they are engaged in social learning is a subject of disagreement among biologists.
B. Their ability to imitate new behaviors is more extensive than that of noncaptive cetaceans.
C. They exhibit few behaviors that have not also been observed in cetaceans in their natural habitats.
D. They appear to adopt new behaviors more quickly than noncaptive cetaceans.
E. They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural.
P24
1
Some researchers claim that cetaceans — whales and dolphins — have culture, which the researchers define as the ability to learn from one another.
一些研究者认为鲸目动物 —— 鲸和海豚 —— 拥有文化，研究者把它定义为互相学习的能力。
【si-'tā-shən】
2
Skeptics, however, demand clear evidence that cetaceans can acquire new behaviors through some form of social learning, preferably clear-cut instances of imitation or teaching.
然而对此持怀疑态度的人，要求给出鲸目动物可以通过某种社交学习的形式，习得新行为的确定证据，最好是清晰无误的模仿或教学的例子。
3
But such evidence is difficult to obtain.
但这种证据不易获得。
4
While few people doubt that captive cetaceans are adept at imitation or that they reproduce behaviors taught by researchers, biologists seeking insight into cetaceans’ behavior in their natural habitats must rely on deduction rather than experiments.
尽管没什么人怀疑，被圈养的鲸目动物擅长模仿，或者说它们复制研究者教给它们的行为，但想要理解自然栖息地的鲸目动物的行为，生物学家必须依赖推演，而不是实验。
5
If members of a particular group share behaviors that do not result from genetic inheritance or environmental variation, then they have almost certainly learned them by watching, following, or listening to other animals.
如果某个群体的成员都具有一些，并非来自于基因遗传或环境改变(造成)的行为，那么几乎可以确定它们是通过观察，跟随或听从其他动物而习得的。
1. Which of the following best describe the function of the highlighted sentence?
A. It identifies a factor that complicates biologists’ ability to draw conclusions about the behavior of cetaceans in their natural environments.
B. It illustrates the kind of deduction mentioned in the preceding sentence.
C. It explains why skeptics have remained unpersuaded by evidence that has been put forward in support of the claim that cetaceans have culture.
D. It introduces a claim that would be dismissed by both supporters and opponents of the view that cetaceans have culture.
E. It notes a previously overlooked factor that might shed light on the question of whether cetaceans have culture.
选 B
举例说明前一句话中提到的 deduction 。
2. The passage suggests which of the following about captive cetaceans?
A. Whether they are engaged in social learning is a subject of disagreement among biologists.
B. Their ability to imitate new behaviors is more extensive than that of noncaptive cetaceans.
C. They exhibit few behaviors that have not also been observed in cetaceans in their natural habitats.
D. They appear to adopt new behaviors more quickly than noncaptive cetaceans.
E. They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural.
选 E
难题，一起看。
A
强干扰项。关于鲸目动物是否能够社交学习，生物学家意见不同。单看这句话，无比对。但请注意题目问的是 CAPTIVE cetaceans 而不是单纯的 cetaceans，加了 captive 这个限定成分，这句话仍然对，但不如 E 更优。
B
干扰项。被圈养的鲸目动物模仿新行为的能力，范围比野生的更广。这是一个难以证实的结论，被圈养的海豚的确有非常强的模仿能力，能够遵照人类的指令做很多事，但野生的海豚，你甚至难以确定它有没有模仿能力，它不模仿你很可能只是因为它觉得你傻，不想模仿你，而并非不具备模仿的能力，可你一旦把它抓起来逼它模仿，逼它展示能力，就使它失去了野生动物的设定。陷阱啊同学们。
C
错在 few 。我觉得任何一个看过海豚表演(哪怕是视频里看过)的人，都知道它们可以学习一些在栖息地野生条件下所不具备的行为，比如我敢打赌野生海豚不会跳出水面钻一个火圈，野生环境里根本就没有火圈给它钻。
D
错在 more quickly，难以证实，同 B 。
E
它们展现出一些可能，即具备可以被认为形成某种文化的行为的学习能力。
翻译成中文，就不太像人话，我再意译一下。
有些生物学家认为鲸目动物可以被认为形成了文化，即它们有通过社交活动，习得新行为的能力。另外一些生物学家说你拿出证据来，谁跟谁学了，学了啥，咋学的，无视频无真相，前者拿不出。
接着作者说，这种证据不好找。(因为就算你找到了一个个例，A 跟 B 学了，你也只能证明 A 和 B 之间存在某种形成了文化的可能，而不是整个鲸目动物都形成了学习的文化。)所以作者说，要支持这个结论，需要依赖推演 deduction 而不是实验 experiments 。然后作者还例举了一种 deduction，即句 5 。
现在我们理一理线索：
1 鲸目动物有模仿人或者说听从人类指令的能力和行为?有。
2 鲸目动物互相之间有没有(非基因或环境因素导致)学习行为?没观察到。
尽管 2 尚未被证明，但 1 的成立，让有些科学家怀疑，它们已经产生了学习的文化。而让 1 成立的，正是那些 captive cetaceans 。所以说：They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural.
所以选 E。
GRE阅读题目解析:46亿年前太阳的亮度
P23
When Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago, the Sun burned only 70 percent as brightly as it does today. Yet Geologic record contains no evidence for widespread glaciation until 2.3 billion years ago. Sagan and Mullen suggested in the 1970s that ammonia, a greenhouse gas, warmed early Earth’s atmosphere, but subsequent research showed that the Sun’s ultraviolet rays rapidly destroy ammonia in an oxygen-free environment, such as that of early Earth. Many scientists now attribute much of the warming of early Earth to oxygen-intolerant microbes—methanogens—that produce the greenhouse gas methane. The methanogen hypothesis could help to explain the first global ice age: 2.3 billion years ago, Earth’s atmosphere began to fill with oxygen produced by other microbes—cyanobacteria—causing methanogens to decline rapidly.
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
A. It refutes the possibility of a connection between two events previously thought to be related.
B. It describes how a hypothesis might account for the timing of a phenomenon described earlier in the passage
C. It presents evidence that casts doubt on a statement made in the first sentence of the passage
D. It clarifies a distinction between two related hypotheses
E. It introduces findings that challenge a dominant explanation for a particular phenomenon
2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about methanogens?
A. Methanogens must have appeared on Earth later than 2.3 billion years ago.
B. Methanogens must have been much more prevalent in some regions of the early Earth than in others.
C. Methanogens produce a greenhouse gas that is more susceptible to destruction by the Sun’s ultraviolent rays than is ammonia.
D. Methanogens could not have thrived in early Earth’s atmosphere without the presence of ammonia.
E. Methanogens would have had a less significant effect on early Earth’s atmosphere if they had evolved after the appearance of cyanobacteria.
P23
1
When Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago, the Sun burned only 70 percent as brightly as it does today.
46 亿年前地球刚形成时，太阳燃烧发出的亮度值相当于今天的七成。
2
Yet Geologic record contains no evidence for widespread glaciation until 2.3 billion years ago.
然而地质记录中直到 23 亿年前才首次出现广泛的结冰期的证据。
3
Sagan and Mullen suggested in the 1970s that ammonia, a greenhouse gas, warmed early Earth’s atmosphere, but subsequent research showed that the Sun’s ultraviolet rays rapidly destroy ammonia in an oxygen-free environment, such as that of early Earth.
S 和 M 于 1970 年代提出氨，一种温室气体，导致地球大气暖化，但随后的研究表明，太阳紫外线在无氧环境中快速分解了氨，这正如形成初期的地球的大气环境。
4
Many scientists now attribute much of the warming of early Earth to oxygen-intolerant microbes — methanogens — that produce the greenhouse gas methane.
现在，许多科学家把早期地球暖化，主要归因于厌氧微生物 —— 甲烷菌 ——它产生温室气体甲烷。
5
The methanogen hypothesis could help to explain the first global ice age: 2.3 billion years ago, Earth’s atmosphere began to fill with oxygen produced by other microbes — cyanobacteria — causing methanogens to decline rapidly.
甲烷菌假设，可以帮助解释第一次全球结冰期：23 亿年前，地球大气开始充满其他微生物 —— 藻青菌生产的氧气 —— 致使甲烷菌迅速减少。
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
A. It refutes the possibility of a connection between two events previously thought to be related.
B. It describes how a hypothesis might account for the timing of a phenomenon described earlier in the passage
C. It presents evidence that casts doubt on a statement made in the first sentence of the passage
D. It clarifies a distinction between two related hypotheses
E. It introduces findings that challenge a dominant explanation for a particular phenomenon
选 B
它描述了一种假设，也许可以解释前文出现的一种现象出现的时机。
文段开头描述了一种现象：地球刚开形成时，太阳燃烧发光比现在弱(暗示那时地球应该很冷)，但地址记录中直到地球形成 23 亿年后，才出现第一次广泛冰期的证据(意味着最开始的 23 亿年并不冷)。
高亮句对这种现象给出一种假设，作为解释：
最开始地球上充满了 methanogens，它们讨厌氧气，它们每天的工作就是产生甲烷，而甲烷作为一种温室气体，使地球在太阳照射较弱的前 23 亿年保持温暖。但 23 亿年的某个时间，突然出现了大量的 cyanobacteria 藻青菌，这些家伙开始生产氧气，氧气毒死了之前那些 methanogens，也就减少了大气中的甲烷 methan，结果地球变冷，出现了第一次冰期。
所以选 B 。
2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about methanogens?
A. Methanogens must have appeared on Earth later than 2.3 billion years ago.
B. Methanogens must have been much more prevalent in some regions of the early Earth than in others.
C. Methanogens produce a greenhouse gas that is more susceptible to destruction by the Sun’s ultraviolent rays than is ammonia.
D. Methanogens could not have thrived in early Earth’s atmosphere without the presence of ammonia.
E. Methanogens would have had a less significant effect on early Earth’s atmosphere if they had evolved after the appearance of cyanobacteria.
选 E
从文中可以得到什么推论。
A
产甲烷菌一定出现在 23 亿年以后。错的离谱。文段逻辑显然是，前 23 亿年无冰期都靠 methanogens 撑场面。
B
产甲烷菌在某些地区更多。未知信息。
C
产甲烷菌生产一种，比氨更容易被太阳紫外线摧毁的温室气体。说反了。
D
错。因为 methanogens 就是产甲烷的，从名字都能看出来。
E
如果 methanogens 比 cyanobateria 出现的晚，作用就不那么重要了。正确，因为后者会杀死前者，前者的暖化作用就被削弱了。
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