三、VB的简单语法
“天天向丄ヽ”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇三、VB的简单语法，下面是小编为大家推荐的三、VB的简单语法，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：三、VB的简单语法
VB语言的语法和QBASIC基本一致，可以说如果你能读懂QBASIC程序，那你读VB的程序是没有问题的，这一节中我们只是简单的讲一讲VB的语法，因为在今后的各个实例中我们会不断接触到新的语法知识，这也是一个积累的过程，
如果你还记得上节中的内容，我们提到过如果在“窗体设计区域”的某个组件(控件)上双击鼠标，会出现“代码编辑窗口”，也就是如下图的窗口，我们可以在其中输入或是修改程序的代码。在我们双击控件到写入代码的这个过程中，我们涉及到了一个很重要的概念，这是VB与QBASIC的主要差别之一，大家知道在QBASIC包括Tubro C，TubroPascal等语言中程序从一开始就需要我们一点点的写代码来实现所有的功能，比如程序运行的界面，输入输出，键盘控制等，它们在程序中体现为一个个的过程或者是函数及子程序，它们都是完全面向过程的编程语言；但是现在的VB、VC、DELPHI等编程语言，都提供了可视化的编程环境，备有一整套常见的组件(控件)供我们使用，这些控件可以看作是对象(VB严格的说不是完全面向对象的编程语言)，我们写程序时会直接与这些对象打交道，而不象原来。所以在VB中大部分的代码是与这些相关的，例如下图所示的一段代码，它是我们在一个按钮(Command)上双击鼠标而由VB自动产生的一个子过程，Private Sub Command1_Click是子过程的开始，End Sub表示子过程的结束。然后我们可以在子过程中添加程序代码，也就是由我们自己来写当按钮被点击时，程序所做出的响应。
下面我们便来分析一下这段代码。
VB中声明一个变量使用“Dim 变量名 As 变量类型”的方法，一般在程序中使用的到的变量都应该有变量声明，如上例中的a、b、i分别被定义为整型和字符串型变量，VB中的变量类型有以下几种：
数据类型 说明
Byte 二进制数
Boolean 真假值
Integer 整数
Long 长整型
Single 实数
Double 双精度型
Currency 货币
Date 日期和时间
Object 对象
String 字符串
Variant 可变类型
控制结构和循环结构是程序设计中常见的两种结构，
计算机在运行程序的时候，执行语句的顺序是从上向下的。 有些简单程序可以只用单向流程来编写，但稍微复杂的程序就要靠控制语句来控制程序执行的流程。控制结构主要有两种，分支结构和循环结构。
分支结构：分支结构事实上是一种选择，在不同的条件下选择执行不同的程序段。实现分支结构的语句有很多，最常用的是if……then……else……。例如：
……
if 条件 then
{程序段一}
else
{程序段二}
end if
……
如果条件满足了，电脑将执行程序段一中的语句，然后跳过程序段二，执行下面的语句。如果条件不满足，电脑将跳过程序段一种的语句，执行程序段二，然后继续执行下面的语句。
循环结构：循环结构就是让电脑反复的执行某一程序段落干次。 用Do……Loop可以循环重复执行一语句块，且重复次数不定。 在已知循环次数的条件下，用For……next可以反复执行统一语句块。
篇2：人教版英语必修三语法
情态动词
情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might /can,could(也许,或许).(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案.
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能),may not/might not(可能不).(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster.He has gone to America.这不可能是校长,他去美国了.3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?).(1)Could he have finished the task?他可能把任务完成了吗?(2)Can he be at home now?他现在能在家吗?
注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的.Might,could并非may,can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小.
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”.
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也许到.
2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”.(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机.
注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”.例如：(4)It’s seven o’clock.Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达.(推测) (5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party,but she had to look after her mother in hospital.(虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈.(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret,but he meant no harm.(虚拟) 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意.
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary).基本助动词有三个：do,have和be;情态助动词基本的有十四个：may,might; can,could; will,would; shall,should; must,need,dare,used to,ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组
名词性从句
主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句.主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导.that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分.
宾语从句
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语.
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导.其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句.例如：The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛.That’s just what I want.这正是我想要的.
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句.
同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容.同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等.
篇3：人教版英语必修三语法
1.被动语态的一般式和过去式
(1). The way the guests ________ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. ( 北京)
A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated
(2). Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________ and I want to listen. (2009 湖南)
A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast
C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast
(3). I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio. (安徽)
A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught
(4). Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________ to the well-educated. (2009 重庆)
A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged
(5). The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. ( 全国)
A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels
2.主谓一致
(1).Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.(安徽)
A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept
(2). The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. (2012陕西)
A. were B. was C. is D. are
(3). All the scientific evidence ____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health. (2012湖南)
A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is
(4). The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
(5).One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______ black people. (湖南卷)
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
(6).Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.(全国)
A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn
篇4：语法复习三：名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
（一）引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。
（二）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g. Who will go is not important.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
（三）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
e.g. The question was who could go there.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
（四）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.
They don’t know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time.
（五）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
练习：名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
三、选择填空：
1. Do you see _____ I mean?
A. that B./ C. how D. what
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what B. that C. / D. how
4. Let me see _____.
A. that can I repair the radio B. whether -I can repair the radio
C. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio
5. Keep in mind _____.
A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say
C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said
6. Could you advise me _____?
A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first
C. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read first
7. He was criticized for _____.
A. he had done it B. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it
8. Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China
C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China
10. We took it for granted ___
A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming
C. they were coming not D. were they not coining
11. I really don't know _____
A. I should do next B. what should I do next
C. what I should do next D. how I should do next
12. I'm afraid _____.
A. the little girl will have to be operated on
B. that will the little girl have to operate on
C. the little girl will have to operate on
D. that will the little girl have to be operated on
13. She walked up to _____ .
A. where did I stand B. where I stood
C. I stood there D. where I stood there
14. Can you tell me _____?
A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman
15. We'll give you _____.
A. that do you need B. what do you need
C. whatever you need D. whether do you need
16. They want us to know _____ to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they
17. We must put _____ into practice.
A. what we have learned B. that we have learned
C. that have we learned D. what have we learned
18. Did she say anything about _____?
A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be done
C. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done
19. He was never satisfied with _____.
A. what she had achieved B. had what she achieved
C. she had achieved D. that she achieved
20. These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A. on that B. what C. that D. on which
22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
A. when B. where C. why D. that
23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
A. what you did B. that you had done
C. that what you did D. what did you do
24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.
A. what B. that C. which D./
25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
A. what 1 know of him B. that I do know of him
C. what do I know of him D. that do I know of him
26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. someone
27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.
A. What B. That C. When D. Where
28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
A. Who B. The thing C. Whatever D. Where
29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
A. if B. that C. what D. when
30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
A. If or not B. Whether or not C. If D. That
31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
A. what B. that C. why D. where
33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
A. That B. When C. What D. Whether
34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
A. if B. whether C. why D. that
35. It doesn' t matter _____he' s come back or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
36. It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
A. when B. that C. why D. where
37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.
A. when B. why C. where D. that
38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. What B. That C. Which D. The things
39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who
40._____ the Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.
A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That
41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
A. That B. Whoever C. Whether D. Whether or not
42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
A. What B. Whether C. That D. Whatever
43. Has it been announced _____?
A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off
C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off
44. That is _____ we all support his idea.
A. what B. why C. where D. when
45. That’s _____ we should do.
A. that B. what C. how D. why
46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said
A. What; that; what B. What; what; what
C. That; that; what D. Why; that; which
47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.
A. when B. why C. that D. what
48. That’s _____ I want to say.
A. all what B. what C. all which D. what that
49. That’s _____ .
A. where our differences lie B. our differences lie there
C. where do our differences lie D. that where our differences lie
50. That is _____ .
A. where lived he there B. where did he live
C. where he lived D. that where he lived
51. The questions is _____.
A. whether is it worth doing B. that if it is worth doing
C. whether it is worth doing D. if it is worth doing
52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
A. how B. which C. what D. as
53. That's_____.
A. how did I become a teacher B. how I became a teacher
C. how a teacher I became D. that I became a teacher
54. They are just _____.
A. that what shall I have B. what shall I have
C. that I shall have what D. what I shall have
55. It looked ____.
A. as if it was going to rain B. that as if it was going to rain
C. as if was it going to rain D. as if that it was going to rain
56. That's_____.
A. how she did it B. that how did she do it.
C. how did she do it D. what she did it
57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
A. where B. which C. that D. why
58. That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.
A. where B. at which C. there where D. when
59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
A. if B. that C. when that D. that where
60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
A. what B. that C. why D. if
61. We heard the news _____ our team had won.
A. that B. what C. whether D. why
62. The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
A. why B. if C. that D. whether
63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.
A. that B. where C. that when D. when
64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.
A. whether B. that C. why D. when
65. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. where has he gone D. which place he has gone
篇5：谭老师暑假讲语法(三)
动词练习
1.He has (A.been in B.jioned) the army for three years.
2.I have (A.lived B.born )in the world for 19 years.
3. 1.When he got to the station,the train ____ for a longtime.
A.had been away B.had leftC.has been away D.has left
4.My brother ____ for a week.（‘95河北）
A.has had a cold B.caught a coldC.has caught a cold D.got a cold
5.My father joined the Party in 1945. He ____ a Partymember for about
fifty years.（’9 5山西）
A.had been B.has become C.had become D.has been
6.They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai. （‘95 江西）
A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
7.Tom’s brother _____ for three years before he became ateacher.
A.had joined the army B.has joined the army
C.had been in the army D.has been a soldier
8.The film had begun for fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema.（’95武汉）
9.Mr Brown ______ the car for three months.（‘96济南）
A.bought B.had bought C.has had D.buys
10.How long ____ at this factory?（’96安徽）
A.have you come B.has he in C.will he be D.has he been to
11.-How long have you _______ here?
-About two months.（‘96天津）
A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived
12.Our maths teacher has ____ Australia for a week. （’97南京）
A.gone to B.been in C.arrived in D.been to
13.-Excuse me. How long may I _____ the book?（‘97 福州）
-Two weeks.
A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.kept
14.Her grandma has ____ for three years.（’97天津）
A.died B.been dead C.death
15.How long do you think they _____ the TV factory?
A.have been to B.have reached C.have been in D.have arrived at
16.Have you (A.seen B. looked at )my cat ?It (A.has gone B.has been away )for two days
17.I (A. recieved B. accepted) an invitation, but I didn't (A. recieved B. accept) it .
18.(A. Pay attention to B. notice) the tall man.He must be a thief.
19.“What are you doing ?” “I am (A. finding B. looking for) my key to the room.
20.”I (A. heard B.listen to ) someone's crying ,“”(A. hear B.listen ) carefully again, maybe you made a mistake .
2.My uncle ____ the Communist Party five years ago.
A.took part in B.has joined C.had been in D.joined
3.I‘ll lend you my dictionary, but you can only ____ itfor one day.
A.keep B.borrow C.lend D.take
4.-How long _____ you _____ a cold?
-Since three days ago.
A.did; have B.did; catch C.have; had D.have; caught
5.How long has your father _____ Boston?
A.been to B.gone to C.left D.been in
6.I _____ the dictionary for two years.
A.bought B.have had C.have bought D.have
7.I joined the League last year. I _____ for one year.
A.joined in B.joinedC.have joined in D.have been a League member
8.We were sorry to hear that the boy ____ home for somedays.
A.has left B.has been away fromC.had left D.had been away from
9.-May I ____ the story-book for a month?
-Yes, you may.
A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.take
10.He said he _____ a soldier _____ ten years.
A.has been; since B.has joined; forC.had joined; in D.had been; for
11.How long have you _____ Xi’an?
A.come to B.been toC.lived in D.gone in
12.My uncle ______ the Party in 1978. He _____ for over19 years.
A.joined; has been a Party member B.joined; has joined the Party
C.has joined; has been the PartyD.has joined; has been in the Party
13.My brother _____ the Youth League for two years.
A.has been in B.has entered C.has taken part in D.has joined into
14.Jack ____ a postman for about 6 years.
A.has become B.has turned C.has changed D.has been
15.When he came home, I ____ for three hours.
A.have fallen asleep B.had fallen asleep C.had been asleep D.have slept
Key:1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C
情态动词解释
一、表示语气强烈的强权命令，警告，许诺用shall，“我命令...”表示教育，劝告，建议,责备等的“应当”用should。
11.You shall be here at 8.You shall not be late.（命令）
2.You shall lose your son ,if you don't give me the money in time.（威胁）
3.You shall get punished.（警告）
4.You shall get the money tomorrow, and you shall know the result of the exam then.（许诺）
对比语气轻的道德理由式的教育、劝告、责备：“应当” 用should.(注“must往往是公众纪律要求,比Should强,比sgall弱:You mustn't be late.)
5.You should telephone me before you come. （责备）
6.He should pay attention to his spoken English.（教育）
7.I should study harder than before 。道德教育
8.You should have handed in your homework yesterday.(责备某人没有做应该做的事.)
9.You should not have said such rude words to your mother.(责备某人做了不该做某事)
You should not have been late
练习: 你要听母亲的话. 你最迟明天要搬走.你不要哭. 你不要摸电线.
你要努力学习. 你要活着回来.
二.主语愿意或不愿意做某事,事物发展下去必然发生或必然不会发生某事,用will,won't ,
1.I will marry you. I will do everything for you. I will die for you .(愿意)
2.He will lose his life for his country.(愿意)
3.I won't go with you . You won't receive my letter .(不愿意或必然不都可)
4.Will you allow us to go to Tibet ?(愿意)
5. When the baby see his mother, he will smile.(必然趋势)
6.The vegatable won't grow without water.(必然趋势)
7.Will he see the picture when he return home ?(必然趋势)
现在时的客气婉转的请求询问对方意愿,语气轻的”愿意“和”趋势“用would. 过去时就必须用would
1.Would you like to have a talk with me ?
2.He would make a face ,when he made a mistake .
3.He wouldn't trouble you .
辨别will与would的区别
你愿意卖你的房子吗? 你愿意把座位让给老奶奶吗?
你愿意选谁当总统? 他会说些什么呢?地震会发生吗?
辨别will,would与shall,should的区别:自然而然发展变化用will,would,被”我“强制命令用shall,能翻译为”愿意“”就会'“总是'”决不'用will, won't,能翻译为“我命令你/他”,“你不许”,“你务必”用shall,(1-6)
1.Once there was a man who was afraid to stay with his wife very much ,for his wife was stroger than he . when they quarreled, his wife (A.would B.should C. will D wouldn't )fight with him .If they fought (,A. The B.A C.X)husband (A.would B.should C. will D wouldn't ) be beteaned to pains .He (A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C. won't D couldn't )bare the pains. so he hid himself under (A x B. a C.the) bed.When he hid under the bed ,the wife got even more angry .“You (A.shall B.shall not C. will D shouldn't ) make your clothes dirty !you (A.would B.should C. will D shall ) get out !The husband remembered his honour of (A.a B,the C.x) man . He answered :”I'm (A.a B,the C.x) man .I (A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C. won't D couldn't )get out.“
Which sentence is better ”I will.....“ or ”You shall...“
How to deal with your husband or wife? (A.Many couples B.A couple) often argue with each other,even hate or fight with each other. Many wifes want to order her husband to do (A .everythingB.something)at home.She (A.would B.should C.must)say ”You (A.shallB.will)buy me a ring“”You(A.shallB.will)wash all the clothes“(A.The B.A)husband doesn't want to argue with the wife. He (A.shallB.will)say”I (A.shallB.will) do (A.everythingB.something) for you“”I (A.shallB.will) die for you.So the couple (A.won't B.shall not C.mustn't D.can't)fight .There (A.shallB.will) be (A.a B.x)peace at home .Which sentence do you think is better :“I will.....” or “You shall...”?
疑问句是请求对方发命令，一，三人称用shall提问，二人称用will提问:“Shall I clean the blackboard?” “Shall he get here now?”
“Will you give us a hand?”
据说有一个苏格兰人掉到水里，他不会游泳。于是想感叹说：“没有人会来救我，我要死了！”这句话是陈述语气，不应该用情态动词的，但他却用情态动词说：“Nobody shall save me，（我命令不准任何人来救我！）I will die ！[我要（原意）死]”人们以为他决心要自杀，都不敢来救他。因为用错了shall，will，结果丢了一条命。
三.表示商量猜测不十分确定的事情.
肯定句用must; might; may 疑问句用can; could 否定句can‘t ;couldn’t; may not
1、肯定句是有根据，有经验的判断用must
The tall man must be a player 。
He must work in this school 。
不肯定，无把握的猜测用may ,往往在有“..not sure”的句子时才用may
Your answer may be right 。but I‘m not sure 。
客气礼貌婉转用might
You might need some money 。
I think you might be hungry 。
2。疑问句只能用can，could不能用must，may，might
Can he be a teacher？
猜测远处的人，看不见的人用 Who can it be ？
“Someone is knocking at the door ，who can it be ？”
“Open the door please ！”“Who is it ？”“It is me 。”
3.有把握有根据的否定猜测用can't couldn't “不可能”,无把握无根据用may not ,might not“可能不” 不能用mustn't.mustn't 不是猜测,是“不允许...”“禁止”
He can't be at the libery,for I saw him just now .
He might not know the headmaster.
4.对过去的猜测,对短暂动作的猜测必须用must/can/can't/may +have done 句型
He must have got up late this morning.
He must have become someone's wife
“Can he have known it ?”“No he can't have known it .”
He can't have finished his drawing yesterday .(7-15)
四.dare, need作为情态动词与行为动词的区别:(16-23)
1.肯定句只能用行为动词,不用情态动词.
He dares to dance with a snake , doesn't he?
He needs to go with you . doesn't he?
疑,否句两样形式都可用,但行为动词后往往有有do 又有 to,情态动词的句子中无do 又无to.
Need you have a rest ?
Do you need to have a rest ?
He needn't copy the question, need he ?
He doesn't need to come ,does he ?
He dare not tell the truth.
He doesn't dare (to ) tell the truth.
反意疑问
He needs a rest ,(A.doesn't B.needn't )he ?
五.can ,be able to 表示能力的区别
can 长期固有的自然能力 I can drive a car .
be able to 经过努力克服困难后才获得的能力.
After three months' study,I am able to drive a car now .
I have been able to drive a car now .
六.must必须 should 表示“应当”
1.must的否定回答用needn't .mustn't 表示“不许”“禁止”不是必要性了.
“ Must I take some medicine ?” “No ,you needn't”
“Need I buy some wine for Dad?” “No, you mustn't.”
七.can,could,may,might表示许可
1.could可用于现在时的疑问句表示客气礼貌,“ of course you can” 表示乐意对方用自己的东西.
Could/Would you do me a favour?
of course I can.
八.need必要性
1.你不要等我. You neen't wait for me .
2.你不要抽烟 You shall not smoke here .
非谓语练习
把划线部分变成非谓语动词,其它是选择题.
1.When I went to school (当我上学的时候), I fell down .
2.Because he is tall(因为他很高), he is good at playing basket-ball.
3.If I know any news如果我知道消息, I would tell you first .
4.他坐在那里看书. He sat and read there.
5.As he was a student(作为一个学生)， he was interested in books.
5.He returned home and found his mother's letter(发现母亲的信)。
6.He returned home and found his father die.(发现父亲死了).
7.He returned home and got his coat(取大衣) .
8.The boy who is sitting (坐) in the front is our monitor.
9.The boy who was sold (被卖) to Guangdong was found.
10.Because he didn't know English, he kept silent.
11.Because I hadn't received his letter, I worried about him.
12.That he won made everybody happy.
13.The techer was angry that John was late.
14.That she didn't listen to her mother
made her mother angry.
15.The classroom which is cleaned by us is large.
16.If the water is heated , it will be boiling
17.(A. Listening B.When I listening )to the teacher ,I thought of my hometown .
18.(A. Living B.Having lived C.Because living ) in the south ,he loves swimming.
19.______anything about the accident, he went to work as usual..
A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing
20. The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. having prepared D. was preparing
21. She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, _____ him to attend the meeting.
A. having invited B. inviting C. to invite D. invited
22. Our town has dozens of factories, ___________several saw mills.
A. included B. are including C. are included D. including
23. ___ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match.
A. To clean B. Having cleaned C. Cleaned D. Cleaning
24_____ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual..
A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing
25. There was terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
26.The secretary worked late into the night, __ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
27. “Can''t you read?” Mary said ___________ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
28. ---I must apologize for ______ahead of time. ---That's all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
29.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___________ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
30.I forgot (A. to close B. closing )the windows ,the rain will make my desk web .
31.The boy tried (A.to go B.going) out of the school ,but fail.
非谓语动词解释
非谓语动词特出的特点：
一，它不能当谓语，因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词。象“I running in the morning every day.“”he named Liping.“ 就是只有非谓语，没有谓语动词的错误的句子。应该说“I run in the morning every day.”
“he is named Liping.”
二，非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作，但两者的性质，地位不同。这是中国学生最不容易理解的地方。对句子往深层次分析，我们就应该领悟到这一点：与谓语动词的动作对比，非谓语动词的地位是次要的，从属性质的：（1）此动作有时已不是具体的动作，而是概括抽象的一件事，相当于一个名词了；如My job is raising pigs 。 My favorite is to study English with you 。（2）此动作有时即使是具体的动作，但却是从属性的，次要的动作：比如表示原因，条件，时间，目的，临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。在汉语中，不使用连词也可以在一个句子中连用用几个动词；但在英语中，一个句子只能用一个谓语动词，除了用and 连接的两个并列谓语动词的情况外，其它在一个句子中包含的两个以上的动作一定要分清主次，从属等内在逻辑关系。表示原因，条件，目的，时间，临时性的不稳定的伴随动作等动词必须用非谓语或从句来表示。句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词，句子的次要，伴随，补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句来表示。下面列举一些例句对比说明：
1.“为了健康，他天天喝牛奶。”“为了健康”是目的，是次要动作，“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词；To be more healthy, he drinks milk every day.
2.“喝牛奶对他有好处，他爱喝牛奶”这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的“喝”,而是概括抽象的一件事。“喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛奶”.应用“Drinking milk”动名词来表示。Drinking milk is good to him 。He love drinking milk 。
3，“我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作，但它和“肚子痛”有内在逻辑关系，它表示的是“肚子痛”的原因，是从属地位，“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词。可以用“ Having drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my stomach.”来表示。
也可以用从句“Since I have drunk some milk,I have some trouble with my stomach.“
4，“喝牛奶，人健康”，“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系，它显然是条件，可以用”Drinking milk every day, one will get more healthy“如“If one drinks milk every day，he will get more healthy。”来表示。
5，“我喝牛奶呛着了。”“喝牛奶”和“呛着”也有逻辑联系，它表示时间，可以用“Drinking milk, I choked.”“或”When I was drinking milk，I choked。“来表示。
6，“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是稳定的长背景动作，应做谓语动词，而“喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定的的伴随动作，是补充说明，可用非谓语动词：“He sat there, drinking some milk.“如”He sat and drank some milk there。来表示。
用非谓语动词翻译下列句子：
1. 我钱不够，不能买这房子。
A.My money is short , I can't buy the house.
B. I'm short of money , I can't buy the house.
C. Being short of money , I can't buy the house.
D.Short of money , I can't buy the house.
2，我比你强，我会跑得比你快。
A.I'm stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
B.I being stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
C.being stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
D.You being weaker than I, so I can run faster than you.
3，你见到他就叫他到这来吧。
a. If you see him ,ask him to come here please.
b.If you see him and ask him to come here please.
c.you seeing him ,ask him to come here please.
d.seeing him , you ask him to come here please
4，有空你来帮帮我吧。
a.You have time and you come to help me.
b.You have time you come to help me.
c.If you have time and you come to help me please.
d. having time , you should come to help me.
5，你觉得不舒服就别去游泳了。
a.You don't feel well, you'd better not go to swim.
b.Because you don't feel well, you'd better not go to swim.
c.You not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim.
d.Not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim.
6，吃太多的肉，你会变胖的。
a.If you have too much meat, and you'll get fatter.
b. you have too much meat, and you'll get fatter.
c.You have too much meat, you'll get fatter.
d. Having too much meat, you'll get fatter.
7，昨天他去踢球，摔断腿了。
a.Yesterday he went to play football, breaking his leg.
b.Yesterday he went to play football, broke his leg.
c.Yesterday he going to play football,he broke his leg.
d.Playing football, he broke his leg yesterday.
8，看见我穿得破烂，那售货员拿出最便宜的衣服给我。
a.Seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
b.He saw me dressed in rags , the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
c.Because he seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
d.I dressing in rags , the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
9，浇太多的水花会死的。
a.If water too much, the flower will die.
b. If you watered too much, the flower will die.
c.Watering too much, the flower will die.
d.Watered too much, the flower will die.
10，我昨天挨雨淋了，感冒了。
a.I was caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now.
b.Having caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now.
c.I caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now.
d.Caught in the rain,I got a bad cold now.
11.他们说说笑笑地向我们走来。
a.They talked ,laughed and went to us.
b.Going to us, they talked and laughed.
c.They went to us ,talked and laughed.
d.They went to us ,talking and laughing.
12.他躺在那里看书。
a. He read a book, lying there.
b.He lay there ,reading a book.
c.He lying there and reading a book.
d.He lay there ,read a book.
13.在那跳舞的那个女孩也很会唱歌。
a,The girl dancing there sings well.
b.The girl danced there sings well.
c.The girl was dancing there sings well.
d.The girl was dancing there was a good singer.
14.我进门时看见他正在看电视。
a.I entered the room, saw he was watching TV.
b.I entered the room, seeing him was watching TV.
c.Entered the room, I saw he was watching TV.
d.Entering the room, I saw him watching TV.
15.他一来就逗我们发笑。
a.He came ,making us laughed.
b.He came to make us laughing.
c.Coming, he often makes us laughing.
d. Came here,he often makes laughing.
16.今天他病了，没来学校.
a.He is ill,he doesn't come to school today.
b.He is ill,not coming to school today.
c.Being ill,he doesn't come to school today.
d.He being ill,he doesn't come to school today.
----ing 短语常见的形式
三.非谓语的三种形式及其充当的句子成分:
--ing 形式可以当句子的状语,主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语
不定式可以当目的状语和逆趋势的结果状语 ,主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语,
过去分词可以充当句子的状语,定语,补语
1.--ing短语可以当
1)时间状语:When I went to school ,I saw a bag on the ground.
Going to school, I saw a bag on the ground.
2)原因状语:Because he was ill,he couldn't go to school that day.
Being ill,he coulding go to school thatday.
3)条件状语:(If I have money,I will buy the house.)
Having money,I will buy the house.
4)伴随状语:(He stood and thought in the room .)
He stood in the room, thinking.
5)顺趋势的结果状语: (He studied hard and became a college student .)
He studied hard , being a college student .
He listened carefully, hearing someone's crying.
5)doing having done
Having washed her face, she had breakfast.
Washing clothes, she sang.
6)not doing ,not having done否定式常用于原因,条件状语
Not knowing much English,he took out an dictionary to help him.
Not having had breakfast , I'm very hungry now.
7)being done,not being done ,not having done被动式常用作主语,宾语:
The boy's being saved made his mother deeply moved.
He was sad at his not being chosen
练习思考辨别:
1)..当我上学的时候, I fell down .
2)..因为他很高, he is good at playing basket-ball.
3)..如果我知道这消息, I would tell you first .
4)..他坐在那里看书.
5)..He returned home ,发现母亲的信。
6)..He returned home ,发现父亲死了.
7).He returned home 去取大衣.
3.doing 与having done的区别:两者都是主动,doing是与谓语动词同时发生,having done是发生在谓语动词前,非谓语动作是谓语动作的前提和基础.比如 :
吃过早餐后, 他上学去了.Having had breakfast ,he went to school.
因为学过英语,他能与美国人谈话.
Having learned some English,he can talk with an American.
如果先复习功课,你会觉得功课更容易.
Having gone over the lesson , you will find it easier .
2.不定式可以当:
1)逆趋势的结果状语: (He studied hard and failed in the exam.)
He studied hard , only to fail in the exam.
.........,only to find his father dead.
2)目的状语: He studied hard in order to became a college student .
4.动名词与不定式当宾语的区别:动名词一般表示普遍的,经常发生的动作,同时发生或发生在前的动作,不定式表示具体一次的动作,发生在后的动作. I like singing ,but I don't like to sing this night .
I see his running every day .I hope to be a college student some day .
只能带--ing短语当宾语的及物动词：mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）, escape（逃脱）The thief escaped being caught., finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）Can you imagine my flying in the sky ., keep（保持）, miss（错过）The bird missed being shot., practise（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认, consider I'm considering practising speaking english more.（考虑）等。look forward to（渴望，盼望）, object to（反对，抗议）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from（防止，阻止）, stop…from（防止，阻止）,
有几个动词既能带ing,也能带不定式当宾语,但此动词意思不相同的动词:remember,forget,regrect,try, mean
I remember seeing him before.回想往事
When you pass the post office ,remember to post the letter for me.记得将要做某事
He forgot to luck the door.A thief broke into it.因健忘而没有做某事
He forgot having breakfast, he asked his wife to cook for him again .已做了某事却忘记了.
I regrect not helping you .(后悔已做了某事)
I regrect to tell you”you fail in the exam.“(遗憾地告诉你,遗憾地说)
I'll try (my best) to pass the exam.尽力
You always go to school by bike ,why not try going to school by bus? 尝试另一方法,试探比较
I meaned to help you. 打算,希望,想要
Saying so means saying nothing. 意思是,等于
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：want（想要）, wish（希望）, hate（憎恨，讨厌）, prefer（宁愿）, hope（希望）, fail（失败）, plan（计划）, refuse（拒绝）, ask（要求）,manage（设法）, offer（提供）, promise（答应）, pretend（假装）, intend（想，打算）, attempt（尝试，企图）, decide（决定）, desire（渴望，请求）, agree（同意）, care（关心，喜欢）, choose（选择）, determine（下决心）, expect（期望）, afford（负担得起，买得起）等。
能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有：感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等；使役动词make, let, have 等；
ask sb to do sth.还有一般的动词如advise（建议）, allow（允许）, ask, beg（乞求）, command（命令，指挥）, tell（告诉）, invite（邀请）, force（强迫）, oblige（强迫）, get（致使）, help（帮助）, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage（鼓励）, persuade（说服）, permit（允许，许可）, remind（使想起，提醒）, request（请求，要求）, order（命令）, warn（警告，提醒）, cause（引起）
6.过去分词done 最大的特点是表示被动,表示经常发生的被动,过去的被动,常用作原因,.条件状语,定语,补语:
Heated, water will change into stream.
Praised by the teacher many times,I feel happy.
The clothes washed by my mother are clean.
I often have my clothes washed by my mother.
形容词解释
一。只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little，wooden ，golden，many，elder t不能说The boy is little。the watch is golden/wooden
二、只能用作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well，ill，alone,content，unable，worth，afraid，alive ,asleep, ashamed,awake, aware.
an ill boy ,an alone village 就是错的短语。
三、表示倍数常用的短语:
He is as tall a boy as I.
He is a head taller than I .
He is two years older than I
China is four times as large as Europe.
I am twice as old as you
I am twice older than you.
I am twice the age of you.
My books are twice as many as yours
China is four times larger than Europe.
China is four times the size of Europe.
I pay twice as much as it was worth.
I pay twice as much for the house .
五.与动词有区别,表示延续状态的形容词:open,dead, still静,一动也不动,
The door open/closed.特殊意义形容词:closed关,close near,nearly,hard,hardly,most,mostly大多数
六.very修饰原级形容词副词，修饰-ing，放在名词前表示强调。
much 修饰动词，修饰最高级，修饰过去分词 。
四、-ly结尾是形容词的：lonely，friendly，They talk in a friendly way.lovely，ugly，silly，likely，deadly，
五。在be，seem，及物当主语的look，taste。smell，feel，sound，appear等动词后用形容词，I looked at the flower. The flower looks beautiful. He appeared显得 happy. He appeared 出现suddenly.
六.表示主语长期的静止状态,不表示动作的sit,stand,lie 接形容词
The valley lay quiet and peaceful
She sat silent . They stood still.
七.become,fall ,get,go,turn 表示”变得“时后跟形容词.
The leaves fell/got/went/turned yellow.
It fell/got/went/turned cold.
八.present 表示”出席的,到场的“的时候常放在名词后,the members present 表示”现在的“则放在名词前 the present members
九.live有时可用做形容词: a live fish 活鱼(形容动物，不形容人 ) The broadcast comes to you live from Beijing .实况转播 That wire is live 电线是带电的 lively 生动的，活泼的。 His class is often lively.
十.the +adj表示一类人,是复数
The rich should help the poor.
the blind /wounded/young/old
十一.多个形容词作定语时的位置:排列顺序大致为:all/quite/such/rather限定词(包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词、不定代词等) + 描绘形容词(短词在前,长词在后)+ 特征形容词(包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等)+ 颜色形容词 + 类属形容词(包括专有形容词和材料质地形容词) + 名词性定语(包括动名词)+ 名词。
It is such a charming little short old round yellow
如 冠 抽 大 高 老 形 色
french oak writing table.
国 材 用
为方便背颂,特简化成9字诀:抽大高,老形色,国材用
抽象：beautiful，great，wonderful之类的描绘性词
大：big，little，small，
高：tall，high，short，low
老：old，new，young，
形：square，round等
色：white，black，brown，red，gray，green，blue
国：出产地方
材：woden，plastic，brick，silk，wool等材料
用：物品的用途writing，fishing，walking，swimming用来写字的，钓鱼的，走路的
”抽色国材用“的位置是较确定的,”大高老形“则 不太确定,它们有时是归类于抽象的一大类,在抽象的词类中按短词在前,长词在后的原则,甚至按照读音舒服顺口原则排列.例:
a tall intelligent young Chinese officer 一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的中国军官
请给下列括号内形容词排列成正确词序,放到句子中:
1．She has a ___ jacket．(leather，brown，beautiful)beautiful brown leather
2．He has a ___ car. (long，red,American)
3．They live in a ___ house. (old，beautiful)
4．We have a ___ table. (antique,small，wooden)
5．He has a ___ jumper. (, lovely, red,woollen)
6．She has a ___ ring. (fabulous new diamond)
7．It was a ___ song．(French，old, lovely)
8．He owns a ___ dog．(black，horrible，big)
9．She bought a ___ scarf．(gorgeous，pink silk，)
10．I saw a ___ film. (，fantastic,new British)
1．beautiful brown leather jacket.
2．long red American car.
3．beautiful old house.
4．small antique wooden table.
5．lovely red woollen jumper.
6．fabulous new diamond ring.
7．lovely old French song.
8．horrible big black dog.
9．gorgeous pink silk scarf.
10.fantastic new British film.
形容词练习
1.He is a (A.glad B.happy)young man. but he is (sick, ill )today.
2.My father's books are (A. many B. large piles)
3.The child is (A.little B. small) but he can lift such a heavy stone.
4.I am (A.elder B.cleverer)than (A.him B.he)
5.The house is (A.wooden B.golden C.a help)
7.There is no (A.alive B.living) thiongs on the moon.
8.There stood a (A.quiet old big British B.British big old quiet C.big quite British D.quiet big old British) building .
9.Where have you been (A.all last these few B.these all last few C. last all few these D.all these last few ) days.
10.I wand a (A.bamboo long fishing B.long bamboo fishing C.bamboo fishing long) pole.
9.John bought a (A. blue cheap plastic B.cheap C.plastic blue cheap D.plastic cheap blue ) pencil-box.
10.There is (A. an old fine stone B. a fine new wood C. a stone fine old D.a new wood fine brige.
11.please keep the door (A.opened B.open C.close D.opening)
12.He was beaten (A.death B.dead C. to die)
13.Now he is back,(A.eagerly to see B. be eager to see C.eagerly seeing
D eager to see) his friend .
14.He came to us (A.was full B. to fill C.full D. filled )of apologies.
15.My mother returned home,(A.was tired and hungry B.tiredly and hungrily C.tired and hunger.)
16.The sun rises (A.redly and brightly B. red and bright)
17.He sat there (A.quietly B. quiet C.silently)
18.Snow lay (A.thickly B.thick) on the ground.
19.It's (no more ,more ,not more )than a book..it can be a dictionry.
20.--Have you got everything ready for the lecture?
--Not yet,we need (A.another two B.other two C.two another D.the other two) loudspeakers.
20.The students in our class are (A. most B. mostly C. at most D.best) from country.
21。keep _________us or you will lose your way.
A,near to B,close to C。closely D.nearly
1.His car runs______,if not faster than,a race car.
A.so fast B.so fast as C.as fast D.as fast as
7.They offered her a house for ＄100,000,______it was worth.
A.as much as twice B.as much twice as
C.as twice much as D.twice as much as
13.I would gladly pay______for the book because it is quite useful .
A.twice as much B.twice so much C.as much twice D.so much twice
15.He asked.”which is______of the two bamboo poles?“
A.the longest B.the weightier C.shortest D.the most light
17.He hurried to the station,______to find that the train had ______left.
A.just,just B.only,only C.just,only D.only,just
18.The hunter came in,with the bow in one hand,and the arrow in his______hand.
A.other B.another C.the other D.the another
19.-I bought the car last week.It's second-hand.
-Well,it's______.
A.as good as new B.as new as good C.as better as new D.as new as better
20.-It's a lovely garden,isn't it? -Yes.______it is looked after!
A.How good B.How well C.What a good one D.How nice a garden
23.-Take this medicine,please.
-Do I have to?It tastes______.
A.terribly B.terrible C.terrified D.like terrible
状语
时间状语 Having bath,I sang aloud .(同时)
Having had bath,I had supper.(一先一后)
Having been shown the lab,we were shown the libery
原因状语 Loving others,he is loved
Having prepareed the lesson,I can answer the question.
Not knowing his name,I said ”Hi“.
Not having breakfast,I'm hungry now.
Told many times,he still remembers it .
伴随状语 He sat there,reading.
条件状语 Heated,water will change into stream
Having money,I'll buy it.
目的状语 I go home to see my mother.
结果状语 He studied hard, becoming a college student.
He studied hard, only to fail.
主语 His studing hard made him respected.
His not coming made his mother sad.
宾语 We hope your coming
I hate Tom's not telling me the truth.
定语 The boy sitting in the front is our monitor.
The boy praised is our monitor.
补语 He had us laughing the whole class.
He had his son sent to prison..
He had us run in the morning every day.
你要我们/他们做.....吗? Shall we/I hand in the homework tonight?
Shall he be here at once?
你愿意....吗? Will you keep the room clean?
Would you like to help me?(客气婉转)
Would you like to have some more fish?(客气婉转)
非谓语练习
用非谓语动词翻译下列短语：
1、(当他在德国时)________________ ,he learned how to drive a car.
2.(长大后）_____________,she became a teacher.
3.(因为激动）____________,he couldn't said a word.
4.（因为没有钱）____________,he couldn't sent his son to school.
5.(由于没吃早餐）__________,he felt hungry now.
6.(如果被加热）______________,the iron will turn red.
7.(如果你没有读过这本书)__________，you can't know about the moon.
8. (如果你帮助别人）___________________,you will help yourselves.
9.（他们又说又笑地走进教室。They walked into the room,______,
10.He stood there ______________________ a football game(看足球赛）。
11.She saw a mouse,(向我们大声叫起来）_____________________.
12.She returned home (问爸爸要钱）____________________________.
13.She went to the reading-room (看杂志）_________________.
14.She stayed at home (看杂志）__________________.
15.He wrote an article (给我们提了一些好意见）_,___________________.
16.He wrote an article(来唤醒人民）_____________________________.
17.He worked late into the night (获得更多的收入）_________________.
18..He worked late into the night(不让洪水进屋）__________________.
19..He worked late into the night（写了一封信）.___________________.
20.He was caught in the rain,(感冒了）___________________________.
21.He went to the street,(把所有的钱弄丢了）____________________.
22.（由于害羞）_______________，she dared not speak in the public.
23.(由于没准备），___________________,he didn't know how to explain.
24.We eat (为了活着）_____，but we don't live (为了吃饭）--。We live（同时思考和工作）_________________________.
1.I have nothing (to eat,eatng).
2.The man (to eat,eating) cakes is very hungry.
3.He is the first man (to eat,eating) food on the moon.
4.She is always the last person (to leave,leaving)the classroom.
5.Please give me somethng (to read,reading).
6.I need a chair (to sit,sitting,to sit on,sitting on).
7.The nurse has several patients (to look after,looking after)
介词解释
著名介词歌曲押韵易记的
1. In the summer at the seaside (季节用in, 在海边用at)
On the coast we like it fine (在海岸用on)
but in winter ,yes ,at Christmas (在圣诞用at)
By the fireside we recline (放置) (在炉边用by)
2. In July we went to Kenya (月份用in)
Stayed in Lamu by the sea, (住在Lamu用in)
We came back to Tanzania
Then across Victoria sea
3. Did you come here in a taxi? (乘出租汽车用in)
Or by bus, or on the train? (乘公共汽车用by, 乘火车用on)
Did you come on foot this evening (步行用on)
Or perhaps by aeroplane? (乘飞机用by)
4. Will you come to tea on Monday? (在星期一用on)
I′ll be home at half past three (时间三点半用at)
Yes, I′ll stay for half an hour (长达半小时用for)
if you buy some beer for me (给我for me)
5. In the morning I drink coffee (早晨用in the morning)
In the afternoon there′s tea (下午用in the afternoon)
In the evening I have cocoa (傍晚用in the evening)
Yes, at night ,it′s good for me. (晚上用at night)
6. Where′s my pencil?In the kitchen (厨房里in the kitchen)
On the table near the chair (在桌上on the table, 在椅边near the chair)
Underneath the cup and saucer (在杯和碟的下面 underneath...)
Just behind the teapot there (在茶壶后边behind...)
7. Can you tell me how to get to
Mr. Johnson′s coffee-bar?
Down the street and round the corner (down the street 沿着街道,round...绕过)
Past the church and there you are
8. Where′s the bookshop? Over there,dear (over there 那里)
First turn left,then go straight on,
Along the road,across the market (沿着路along the road, 穿过市场 across...)
It′s in front of you, dear John (在你前面 in front of you)
9. There is nothing on the radio (广播on the radio)
”Songs with orchestra“ they said. (with后orchestra为有形物,无形物则用by)
I′m not interested in music (interested in 兴趣于)
so I think I′ll go to bed
10. In a moment I′ll be finished (in a moment 片刻里)
With these prepositions-so
I will say to you in English
till the next time, cheerio (加油呀) (till... 直到)
怎样？唱完十段歌词，你就学到许多介词用法喽。其中包括四大“要犯”at, by, in,on。另外再加上许多虫虫蚁蚁，有的还得劳驾找一找喔，呵呵。
大家多唱几遍，下回我们再见时，你就更加胸有成“介”了，哈哈。
谈谈介词(Preposition)(三)
这里提供一个学习介词at, in, on 的幻灯片文件(PowerPoint)，可供初学者使用。其内容包括有关介词用法课文、通过歌曲学介词、通过一个请柬学习介词、测验题。其中所有中文都是我附上的。
为了配合这个幻灯片所介绍的三个介词：at, in, on，下面我们较深入地介绍它们(附带谈by) 的用法。
二、介词at, in, on, by 表示地方、地点、位置:
2.1 at 把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”：
1. The begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落里。
2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. Jane在巴士站等你。
3. at home 在家
4. Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口？
5. at the top of the page 在一页的上面
6. The shop is at the end of the road. 那商店就在路的尾端。
7. at the entrance 在进口处
8. at the crossroads 在十字路口
9. When will you arrive at the office? 你什么时候会到公司呢？
10. I'm in France, at Paris. 我住在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲，巴黎只是一个“点”)
11. There is a small hut at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一座小屋子。
12. My aunt lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.
我的姑妈住在Durham,Boretz 路门牌55号。(地址要用at，不能用in)
13. at the side 在一边
14. at reception 在招待会上
15. I'm at work. 我在工作。
16. at class/ home/ the library/ the office/ school 在班上/家里/图书馆/公
司/学校
2.2 in 把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间：
1. I live in London. 我住在伦敦。(大城市用in)
2. I live in England, at London. 我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London喔)
3. I live in a big city, my sister lives at a small town. 我住在大城市，我
姐姐住在一个小市镇。(如果把city看做一个圆圈，small town就成一个点。因此就in a city, at a small town. 呵呵)
4. We have a meeting in Beijing. 我们有北京有一个会议。
5. Mars is in the Solar System. 火星在太阳系里。
6. in a car 乘汽车 (不是 on a car 也不是 by a car 喔)
7. in a taxi 乘的士 (不是 on a taxi 或 by a taxi )
8. in a helicopter 乘直升机
9. in a boat 乘小船
10. in a lift (elevator) 乘电梯 (电梯像个笼子，当然要用 in 啦)
11. in the newspaper 在报上
12. in the sky 在空中
13. in the bed 在床上 (也可用 on the bed)
14. in the bedroom/ class/ library/ school 在寝室/课室/图书馆/学校
2.3 on 把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面：
1. The author's name is on the cover of the book. 在书的封面上有作者的名
字。
2. There are no prices on this menu. 在这菜单上没有价钱。
3. You are standing on my foot. 你踏到我的脚了。
4. There was a ”no smoking“ sign on the wall. 在那墙上有个“不准吸烟”的牌
子。
5. I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. 我住在伦敦牛津街
21号八楼。(7th floor 就是八楼；注意句中的 on, at, in 的用法)
6. on a bus 乘巴士 (不是 in a bus 喔)
7. on a train 乘火车 (可想像“骑”在火车上，哈哈)
8. on a plane 乘飞机 (可想像“骑”在飞机上)
9. on a ship 乘轮船
10. on a bicycle, on a motorbike 骑自行车/摩托车
11. on a horse, on an elephant 骑马/象
12. on the radio, on television 听广播、看电视
13. on the left, on the right 在左边、在右边
14. on the way 在路上
15. on the bed 在床上 (也可用 in the bed)
16. on the ceiling 在天花板上
17. on the floor 在地板上
2.4 by 用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意)：
1. by the fire 在炉边
2. by the seaside 在海边
3. a path by the river 沿河道路
4. by the nearest road 走近路
我想要记忆介词的用法，就得用一点想象力加以联想。如：at home, at the door, at the corner等等，可想象“at家门口的角落里”。再比如: in Beijing, in a car, in a taxi, in a boat, in a helicopter, in the sky ... 可想象为“In 北京，乘汽车，乘的士，再乘小船，乘上直升机在空中飞”。
下回我们将要谈的是 at, in, on 用来表示时间的方面。再会！
谈谈介词(Preposition)(四)
三、at, in, on, by 用来表示时间
3.1 at (在、于)用指明一特定的时间、节日、年龄：
1. at dawn/ at night/ at noon/ at midnight /at daybreak
在黎明/在夜里/在中午/在午夜/在日出时
2. I go to school at seven in the morning. (at seven) 我早上七点钟去上学。
3. at half past five (五点过半小时) 在五点半
4. at a quarter to seven (过四分之一小时就到七点) 六点四十五分
5. The train is due at 12.15 p.m. (at 12.15p.m.)
那班火车的到站时间是12点15分。
6. at mid-autumn festival/ at Christmas / at Spring Festival
在中秋节/ 在圣诞节 /在春节
7. at forty 在四十岁时
3.2 in (在、在…之内、在…期间、在…后、过…后)
指明：天、年、月、季节、周次：
1. in the morning 在早上 (不可说at the morining。鬼才知道为什么不可用at，
大约因为at 没有“在…期间”的意思吧 )
2. in the afternoon 在下午 (在下午这段期间，呵呵,举一反三喔)
3. She likes to work in the evening. (或in the night) 她喜欢在晚上工作。
4. in the day time 在白天
5. in (2002可读作two thousand two) 在
6. He's to quit in May. (in May)他在五月就辞职了。
7. He went to Tokyo in June 2002. (in June 2002)他于20六月去东京。
8. in the second week of July 在七月份的第二周
9. It's too cold in winter to run outside. (in winter) 冬天里出外跑步是太
冷了。
10. in two months 在两个月内
11. in those days 在当时
3.3 on (在…时、在(某日)、在某日早/午/晚、当…时候、和…同时、刚一…)指明：
日子、日期、星期加上早午晚
1. on the first 在一号(指某月一号,如二号要说second等。其实意思是指某月的第
几天)
2. We're having a party on the fifth of June. (或 on June the fifth)
我们会在六月五日举行一个晚会。
3. on July the third 1990 在1990年7月3日
4. My brother is coming on Sunday. (on Sunday) 我的哥哥会在星期天来。
5. on Sunday morning /afternoon 在星期天早上/下午
6. on Friday evening 在星期五晚上
7. on the next morning 隔天早上
8. on the following afternoon 在下一个傍晚
9. on the night before 在前一个晚上
10.on the morning of 5th 在五号的早上
(你可能会说为什么不是in the morning? 如果你把morning of 抽掉,就可看出原来是
on the 5th喽。morning 也可换成evening, afternoon)
11. on the afternoon of his birthday
在他生日那天下午 (on the afternoon 不可用 in...，同
上)
3.4 by (的时候、到、等到…已经) 用在天、时间：
1. by day 白天(的时候)
2. by 2 o'clock 到两点钟
3. by this time 等到现在(已经)…
4. miss by a minute 迟一分钟
要记住这些规则，可以用上回我们提到的“联想法”。加油喔！再会。
谈谈介词(Preposition)(五)
四、for, since 用于表示时间：
4.1 我们用 for 用计量时间(年、月、日、时、分、秒等)
1. He held his breath for five minutes. 他闭息达五分钟。
2. She's lived there for ten years. 她住在那里已有十年。
3. The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.
英国人和爱尔兰人之间的争吵已有七个世纪了。
4.2 我们用 since 表示明确的日期或时间：
1. He's woked here since 1980. 自从1970年他就在此工作。
2. She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.
自两点半她就坐在等候室了。
五、表示动作的介词：to ,toward或不用介词：
5.1 我们用 to 表示向某处移动：
1. They were driving to work together. 他们一同开车去工作。
2. She's going to the destist's office this morning. 今早她去看牙医。
5.2 toward 表示移向某处：
1. We're moving toward the light. 我们向灯光处移动。
2. This is a big step towards the project's completion.
这是对于工程的完成前进了一大步。
5.3 不需要介词的词：home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs,
upstairs ...
1. Grandma went upstairs.
2. Rama went home.
3. She came inside.
六、介词与名词、形容词、动词的组合：
在英语里介词有时和其他的字紧密地组合在一起，可以当作一个词来看待。这种组
合很多，需要平时多加注意。
6.1 名词+介词：
1. approval of 批准
2. awareness of 意识到
3. grasp of 把握住
4. hatred of 憎恶
5. desire for 要求、愿望
6. fondness for 爱好 (I've a fondness for collecting stamps.)
7. hope for 希望、期待 (hope for the best 乐观)
8. need for 必要 (There is no need for hurrying.)
9. reason for 有必须……的理由 (have reason for...)
10. respect for 尊敬 (have respect for...)
11. belief in 信任于
12. interest in 对……有兴趣
13. success in 成功、成就
6.2 形容词 + 介词：
1. afraid of (He is not afraid of anything.)
2. aware of 觉得
3. capable of 能 (The tank is capable of holding 8 kg. of water.)
4. fond of 喜爱 (He's fond of fishing.)
5. jealous of 嫉妒于
6. made of 用……制成的
7. proud of 对……感觉光荣 (I'm proud of his acquaintance. 认识他是我的光
荣。)
8. sure of 确信 (You may be sure of his honesty.)
9. tired of 厌倦的
10. careless about 不关心、不重视
11. worried about 自找烦恼
12. familiar with 熟悉于、精通于
13. interested in 兴趣于
14. sorry for 懊悔、觉得过意不去 (You will be sorry for this some day.)
6.3 动词 + 介词：(这类组合特别多。要特别注意同一个动词配上不同的介词，意思
就不同了)
1. care about 关心 (He doesn't care about other people. 他不关心别人。)
2. care for 喜欢 (Would you care for a cup of coffee? 你喜欢来杯咖啡吗？)
3. take care of 照顾 (Take care of yourseft. 照顾自己喔。)
4. dream about 梦到 (I dreamt about you last night. 昨晚我梦到你。)
5. dream of 梦想 (I often dream of being rich. 我时常梦想发达了。)
6. hear about 听到关于……的详情 (Have you hear about Jane? )
7. hear of 听到……的事/话 (Have you heard of a place called 'Mulu'?)
8. hear from 得到……的消息 (Have you heard from Ann recently?)
9. look at 注视、考察(Why you look at me like that?)
10. look for 找、指望 (Can you help me look for my keys?)
11. look after 照应、看守 (She is ill, she needs someone to look after
her.)
12. think about 思索、考虑 (What are you thinking about?)
13. think of 想起、企图 (He told me his name but I can't think of it now.)
七、多余的介词：(不必加上介词的地方就不要随意加上,括号内的介词须去掉)
1. She met (up with) the new coach in the hallway.
2. The book fell off (of) the desk.
3. He threw the book out (of) the window.
4. She wouldn't let the cat inside (of) the house.
5. Where did they go (to)?
6. Where is your college (at)?
八、句子里并列的介词：
8.1 如并列的介词相同，可去其一：(括号里的介词删去)
1. You can wear that outfit in summer and (in) winter.
2. The female was both attracted (by)(被吸引) and distracted by(使分心)
the male's dance.
8.2 如并列的介词不相同，相关的介词必需列出：
1. The children were interested in and disgusted by the movie. (interested
in感兴趣 / disgusted by讨厌)
2. It was clear that this player could both contribute to and learn from
every game he played. (contribute to付出 / learn from 从…学习)
3. He was fascinated by and enamored of this beguiling woman. (fascinated
by被迷住 / enamored of 倾心的)
英文介词实在是太多了，举不胜举。有兴趣的可找一本介词词典研究一番，也许有朝一
日能成为介词专家也说不定喔。
篇6：英语中考语法(三)代词复习
英语中考语法(三)代词专题复习(2)
《GO FOR IT！》英语中考语法（三）代词专题复习（2）（第七周复习内容）
12 every , no, all, both, neither, nor
1）不定代词有
all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。
2） 不定代词的功能与用法
a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。
I have no idea about it.
b. all 都，指三者以上。
all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
All goes well. 一切进展得很好。
all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。
但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。
all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China， all the city， all my life， all the way
3) both 都，指两者。
a. both 与复数动词连用，但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。
b. both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.
4) neither 两者都不
a. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
b. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。
c. 可用于下列句型，避免重复。
She can't sing，neither (can) he.
neither 与nor
d. 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。
If you don't do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。
e. 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。
He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.
13 none, few, some, any, one, ones
一、none 无
1) none作主语，多与of 构成短语 none of。在答语中，none可单独使用。
Are there any pictures on the wall? None.
2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。
It is none of your business.
二、few 一些，少数
few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。
2) 当做”某一“解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）
You will be sorry for this some day.
总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.
某些人不同意你的看法。
注意：
(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a. 肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。
Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：
Would you like some coffee?
b. 在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：
If you need some help，let me know.
c. some位于主语部分,
Some students haven't been there before.
d. 当否定的`是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.
这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1) any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。
当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说，你可任读一本。
五、one, ones 为复数形式
ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不
用ones。
Have you bought any rulers? Yes，I 've bought some.
14 代词比较辩异 one，that 和it
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个)
你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物)
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
15 one/another/the other
one… the other 只有两个
some… the others 有三个以上
one… another，another…
some… others，others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest 剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一个用another。
2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。
4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。
16 “the”的妙用
He is one of the students who help me.
He is the one of the students who helps me.
他是帮我的学生之一。
第一句定语从句与the students 一致。
第二句定语从句与the one 一致。
17 anyone/any one；no one/none；every/each
1．anyone 和 any one
anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
2．no one 和none
a) none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。
b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗?
---- No one.--没有。
3．every 和each
1) every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。
2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。
3) every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作状语，each可作状语。
5) every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each没有。
6) every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。
18 both, either, neither, all, any, none
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
1) both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
2) both，either
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
(两岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street.
(岸的两边)
路边长满了野花。
3) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。
All of the students are there.
所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there.
所有的牛奶都在那。
19 many, much
Many，much都意为”许多"， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
20 few, little, a few, a little
(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
篇7：英语中考语法(三)代词复习
英语中考语法(三)代词专题复习(1)
《GO FOR IT！》英语中考语法（三）代词专题复习（1）（第六,七周复习内容）
1.主格 宾格 形容词性的 名词性的 反身代词
代词 代词
I me my mine myself
we us our ours ourselves
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
they them their theirs themself
you you your yours yourself/ves
2.人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语）
a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？
b. -- Me. --我。（me做主语补语= It's me.）
说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
2 人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1) 宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。
---- Me too. --我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替宾格
a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。
b. 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)
I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
3 代词的指代问题
1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one，及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。
Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来，是吗?
2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。
3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。
.4 并列人称代词的排列顺序
1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称 －>第三人称 －>第一人称
you －>he/she; it ->I或
you , him/her/it ,me
You, he and I should return on time.
Kate sits among of you, he and me.
2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称 －>第二人称 －>第三人称
we －>you －>They
注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，
d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
5 物主代词
1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构，例如：
Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's.
His cap 意为 The cap is his.
2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语，例如：
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？ 你的'比我的好用。
b. 作宾语，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c. 作介词宾语，例如：
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d. 作主语补语，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
注意形容词性的物主代词下面用法：
1）．one's+身体的部位．如：We walks with ours feet.
2). 相关短语的用法，根据人称变化one's .Eg: do one's best to
, change one's mind to .do one's homework. set one's up .make up one's mind .on one's way to .on one's way home . save one's life
all/in one's life.......
6 双重所有格
物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。
公式为：
a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：
a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
7．反身代词
1） 列表
I you you she he
myself yourself yourselves herself himself
we they it one
ourselves themselves itself oneself
2）做宾语
a. 有些动词需有反身代词
absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。
b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down. 请坐。
3） 作表语； 同位语
be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
8．相互代词
1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间
篇8：定冠词的语法讲解：定冠词用法（三）
冠词是一种虚词，本身有一定的含义，主要放在名词前起限定作用(前置定语)，大约70%的名词前面必须用冠词，但在中文看来冠词大多数是多余的，因此要养成用冠词的习惯，一定要加强训练。
3.定冠词的基本用法
定冠词的大多数用法是有规律的，只有少数不规则或者用法特殊。
3.6定冠词常用在表示民族、阶层、阶级的名词前
the Chinese people中国人民
the working class工人阶级
the peasantry农民阶级
the aristocracy贵族
the intelligentsia知识分子
3.7定冠词放在一些形容词或者过去分词前使之变成名词
the poor穷人
the young年轻人
the weak弱者
the good好的
the beautiful美
the blind盲人
the wounded伤者
the disabled残疾人
the rich富人
the old老人
the strong强者
the true真的
the ugly丑
the sick病人
the accused被告
the oppressed被压迫者
3.8泛指的物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词，但在具体、明确指定某事物时(特指，有定语修饰、限定时)，要在物质名词、抽象名词前加定冠词
泛指：We need cement.
我们需要水泥。(任何水泥)
特指：We need the cement in that storehouse.
我们需要那仓库里的水泥。(明确指定的水泥)
泛指：Knowledgeis very useful.
知识很有用。(任何知识)
特指：The knowledge about IT isvery useful.
关于网络技术的知识很有用。(指定网络技术的知识)
3.9体育活动名前不用冠词，但乐器名前要用定冠词
Let’s play tennis/basketball/ volleyball/ golf.
我们打网球/篮球/排球/高尔夫吧。
Do you know how to play the guitar/ the piano/ the violin?
你会演奏吉它/钢琴/小提琴吗?
3.10带有后置定语的名词前一般要加the
The companies in Shenzhen are very busy.
深圳的公司都很忙。
Judy studied in the University of California for four years.
朱迪在加州大学学过四年。
【三、VB的简单语法】相关文章：
1.vb试题
2.vb教学设计
3.vb实习报告
5.vb试题及答案
8.汉语语法
9.英文语法
10.语文语法
文档为doc格式
