初中英语单元测试题及答案
“小金子”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了10篇初中英语单元测试题及答案，以下是小编帮大家整理后的初中英语单元测试题及答案，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
篇1：初中英语单元测试题及答案
初中英语单元测试题及答案
I．找出一个划线部分与其他三个单词划线部分读音不同的单词。
1.A. cabbage B. Italian C. Italy D. madam
2. A. small B. all C. salt D. talk
3. A. soup B. about C. without D. house
4. A. even B. pepper C. menu D. anything
5. A. both B lot C. bottle D. chopstick
Ⅱ. 词汇
A）根据首字母及后面的释义，写出完整的单词。
1. f___ known widely
2. b____ the two together; the one and also the other.
3. l____make sounds and movements of the face and the body, showing amusement, ect.
4. n____ not one and not the other of two people, things, etc; not either
5. w____ not having; not carrying
B）用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Would you like some more ________ (tomato)?
2. ________ (Italy) like to eat pizza.
3. In big cities you can find people _______ (eat) hamburgers and chips.
4. How about ________ (help) me do the cooking?
5. Boys, help ________ (you) to some bread, please.
C）根据句意和首字母，写出单词，使句子意思完整。
1. W________ you like to play football with me?
2. It s______ that he knows the way.
3. There are a few spoons in the c________.
4. They have lunch in the k________.
5. A lot of English men can't use c________ to eat Chinese food.
III．单项选择
1. When you drink hot soup, you use ________.
A. fork B. knife C. chopsticks D. spoon
2. I want ________ to eat.
A. different something B. something different
C. anything different D. different anything
3. Could you ______ me something to eat when you come here?
A. take B. bring C. carry D. pull
4. Don't take the food _______ your work place. You mustn’t eat anything _______your work place.
A. to; to B. in; in C. to; in D. in; to
5. I can't finish the work __________ your help.
A. with B. without C. under D. for
6. Wang Hui is coming tonight and so ________ Li Hui.
A. has B. does C. was D. is
7. My father didn't come back _________ ten o'clock last night.
A. if B. when C. until D. because
8. When they fried chicken, they used___________.
A. wine B. oil C. beer D. tea
9. Before you order the dishes in the restaurant, you need a ________ .
A. menu B. bill C. passage D. list
10. There is ________ in the sweet cake.
A. salt B. sugar C. pepper D. ice
11. Pizza is a kind of ________ food.
A. Indian B. Italian C. Italy D. English
12. Among the vegetables he likes ________.
A. pork B. grapes C. cabbages D. butter
13. You can find people _____chips now.
A. eating B. to eat C. ate D. eat
14. The cakes ________ good.
A. taste B. make C. cook D. eat
15. He made us ________.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
16. _______ Mary ________ Bob is a student. They are too young and can't go to school.
A. Neither, nor B. Both, and C. Either, or D. Not, and
17. You can ________ stay at home ________ go out to play.
A. either, or B. both, and C. so, that D. not, as
18. Here is a bag ________ anything in it.
A. for B. with C. without D. of
19. —Supper is ready. Come and sit down, please.
—___________.
A. It doesn't matter B. Thank you
C. That's right D. Yes, please
20. There is ________ pork and beef on that plate.
A. lot of B. many C. much too D. much
21. Could you pass the book ________ me, please?
A. to B. for C. at D. with
22. Both of the books are good. If you let me have one, ______ it OK.
A. neither B. either C. both D. all
23. —Would you like some more tea?
—________
A. Yes, please B.I would C. No, please D. No, I wouldn't
24. Could I have ________ cheese?
A. little B. a little C. a bit D. bit of
25. She cooked the fish and chips at home. It's not______.
A. home cooking B. take-away food
C. English food D. Chinese food
Ⅳ. 句型转换
1. Both you and I are happy. (变成否定句)
_____ you ________ I ________ happy.
2. Swimming is my favourite. （同义句转换）
My ________sport is________.
3. Let's cook something English. (变成反意疑问句)
Let's cook something English,________ ________?
4. I like chicken than any of others. （同义句转换）
I like chicken _____ ______ ______.
5. He likes cabbages. (用tomatoes改成选择疑问句)
________ he ________ cabbages ________ ________?
6. I’ll tell my father about it tomorrow. (用yesterday 改写句子)
I ________ my father about it ________.
7. This kind of food is delicious. (变成感叹句)
________ ________ this kind of food is!
8. There is something interesting in today's newspaper. （变成一般疑问句）
________ ________ _______ interesting in today's newspaper?
V．根据中文和英文提示词语，写出正确的句子。
1. 你愿意和我们一起喝酒吗？
Would you like ________ ________ ________ with us?
2. 我和他们都不懂日语。
________ ________ ________ I ________ Japanese.
3. 他一直保持汤的'热度。
He ______ the soup_______.
4. 我想尝点鲜美的东西。
I want to ______ _______ _________.
5. 不要强迫学生们写得太多。
Don’t ______ the students _____ too much.
Ⅵ. 完成对话，每空一词。
— 1 you like some drink, Mary?
—Yes. 2 .
—Which would you like 3 , tea or toffee?
—Coffee, please.
—Shall I 4 some sugar in it?
—No, thanks. I like coffee 5 6 in it.
—Oh, I 7 , but I like coffee 8 sugar and milk in it. 9 you 10 .
—Thanks.
Ⅶ. 完形填空。
Different countries have different food. If you go to 1 , you may find 2 fish and chip shops along the 3 . Fish and chips is the 4 popular take-away food in England. People often 5 this kind of food at shops, 6 sometimes they put the food 7 paper bags and take it 8 or to their work place.
Chinese take-away food is also 9 in England .Australia and the USA, but the most popular take-away food in the USA 10 fried chicken. It's very delicious!
1. A. Australia B. China C. England D. the USA
2. A. few B. no C. much D. many
3. A. roads B. streets C. ways D. rivers
4 .A. very B. most C. quite D. more
5. A. have B. sell C. put D. take
6. A. for B. so C. but D. too
7. A. on B. away C. into D. out of
8 .A. home B. office C. house D. school
9. A. different B. cheap C. delicious D. popular
10.A.was B. were C. is D. are
Ⅷ. 阅读理解
A
When you are in England, you must be very careful in the streets because the traffic drives on the left.
Before you cross a street, you must look at the right first and then the left. If the traffic lights are red, the traffic must stop. Then people on foot can cross the road carefully.
In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from work, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most dangerous. Then when you go by bus in England you have to be careful, too. Always remember the traffic moves on the left.
In many English cities, there are big buses with two floors. You can sit on the second floor. From there you can see the city very well. It's very interesting.
根据上文意思，判断下列句子正误。
1. The traffic in England moves on the left.
2. When the traffic lights are green, the people on foot can cross the street.
3. Traffic is most dangerous all day.
4. In England you must be careful because the traffic drives on the right.
5. From the second floor of the big bus, you can see many interesting things of the city.
B
In many English homes people eat four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.
People have breakfast at any time from seven to nine in the morning. They eat porridge, eggs or bread. English people drink tea or coffee at breakfast.
Lunch comes at one o'clock. Afternoon tea is from four to five in the afternoon and dinner is about half past seven. First they have soups, then they have meat or fish with vegetables. After that they eat some other things, like bananas, apples or oranges. But not all English people eat like that. Some of them have their dinner in the middle of the day. Their meals are breakfast, dinner, tea and supper and all these meals are very simple (简单的).
6. Many English people have ________ meals a day.
A. two B. three C. four D. three or four
7. People may have ________ for their breakfast.
A. tea and eggs B. porridge, eggs, bread, tea or coffee
C. tea and coffee D. bread and eggs
8. People have lunch at ________.
A. any time B. nine C. five D. one
9. People don't have ________ for their dinner.
A. porridge B. bananas and apples C. some soup and meat D. meat and fish
10. In many English homes dinner comes _________.
A. at one o’clock B. in the middle of the day
C. at noon D. at night
参 考 答 案
Ⅰ.1.C 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.A
Ⅱ. A）1. famous 2. both 3. laugh 4. neither 5. without
B）1. tomatoes 2. Italians 3. eating 4 .helping 5. yourselves
C）1. Would 2. seems 3. cupboard 4. kitchen 5. chopsticks
Ⅲ. 1.D 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.A 17A 18.C 19.B 20.D 21.A 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.B
Ⅳ. 1. Neither, nor, am 2. favourite, swimming 3. shall we 4. best of all 5.Does, like, or, tomatoes 6. told, yesterday 7. How delicious 8. Is there anything
Ⅴ. 1. to, drink, beer 2. Neither, they, nor, know 3. kept, hot 4. taste, something, delicious 5. make, write
Ⅵ. 1. Would 2. please 3. better 4. put 5. with 6. nothing 7. see 8. with 9. Here 10. are
Ⅶ. 1.C 2D 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.C
Ⅷ. 1-5 √×××√ 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.D
篇2：初中英语单元测试题
初中英语单元测试题
一、语音知识 (5分)
找出下列各组划线部分读音不同于其他三个的词，将其字母标号填入题前括号中，八年级 (上) 9单元测试 (A卷)。
［ ］1. A. along B. about C. banana D. hospital
［ ］2. A. place B. police C. office D. factory
［ ］3. A. practise B. station C. catch D. man
［ ］4. A. post B. stop C. bookshop D. dialogue
［ ］5. A. similar B. big C. police D. swim
二、单词拼写 (10分)
以下所给单词均不完整，从A、B、C 中选出适当的.字母或字母组合，使其完整与正确。
［ ］6. fr __ t A. iu B. ui C. ue
［ ］7. s __ ati __ n A. d ... e B. t ... o C. t ... e
［ ］8. s __ mil __ r A. i ... a B. i ... e C. a ... e
［ ］9. ca ____ A. tch B. cth C. the
［ ］10. ____ rn A. tu B. du C. cu
三、词组汉译 (10分)
将下列词组翻译成汉语。
11. the nearest post office ____________________
12. walk along the road ______________________
13. catch a bus ____________________________
14. need some help _________________________
15. take the first turning on the right _____________
四、完成句子 (15分)
根据所给汉语完成下列句子，每空一词。
16. 请问，最近的书店在哪儿？
Excuse me, _________ the _________ bookshop?
17. 在医院旁边有一个公共汽车站。
There is a bus stop _________ _________ the hospital.
18. 王叔叔住在北京。
Uncle Wang _________ _________ Bejing.
19. 你最好把这些书放进书包里。
You'd better _________ these books _________ your bag.
20. 沿着这条街向前走，在第二个路口向右转，你就会看到动物园。
Go _________ this street, and take the second turning_________ the right. Then you'll find the zoo.
五、单项选择 (30分)
从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
［ ］21. There is a bookshop next _________ our school.
A. on B. in C. at D. to
［ ］22. Which is _________, the post office, the station or the
hospital?
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
［ ］23. The nearest bus stop is about five _________ metres away
from here.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred's D. hundreds'
［ ］24. You'd better _________ in the river. It's too dangerous.
A. swim B. not swim C. swimming D. not to swim
［ ］25. Why not _________ to the bookshop after school?
A. go B. goes C. going D. to go
［ ］26. _________ go to the park tomorrow?
A. Are we B. Are us C.Shall we D. Shall us
［ ］27. They _________ in that factory this Sunday.
A. work B. works
C. are working D. are going to work
［ ］28.Wei Fang can't find her pen. She _________ some help.
A. need B. needs C. needing D. to need
［ ］29. _________ you _________ in that school over there on the right?
A. Do...study B. Are...study
C. Does...studying D. Will...studying
［ ］30. What's Wang Lan doing?
She's _________ her ruler.
A. look for B. look at
C. looking for D. looks at
六、完形填空 (30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
It is a winter evening. Pat is driving his car to his sister's school. He
is now quite near the school, that is sure. But he 31 find the school.
Well, 32 old man 33 slowly over there. He drives up to the old man and asks 34 , “Excuse me, do you know how to get 35 ?” “Yes, 36 . It't not far from here. Please let me sit in your car. I can go with you and 37 you where to trun.” The old man is now sitting by Pat in the car. They drive on for some minutes. Then they come to a small house, and the old man says, “Stop here, please!” Pat 38 his car and says, “But this isn't a school.” “No, ”says the old man.“ This is my house. Thank you 39 for driving me home. The school is behind the park. So go back to the 40 and turn right (向右转).”
31. A. can B. does C. don't D. can't
32. A. the B. an C. a D. some
33. A. is walking B. walking C. is D. walk
34. A. her B. them C. him D. me
35. A. to school B. for the school C. to the school D. in school
36. A. OK B. all right C. of course D.here you are
37. A. say B. take C. look at D. tell
38. A. stop B. drive C. stops D. drives
39. A. very much B. very good C. very many D. so much
40. A. park B. house C. school D. stop
篇3：初中英语测试题
初中英语测试题
一．转换单词的形式。
1. two (序数词) _________ late (反义词) _________
2. tomato (复数) ________ fly (三单式) _________
3. weekday (同义词)_______use (形容词) _________
4. good (最高级) ________ beautiful (名词) _________
5. dance (动名词) __________library (复数) _________
二．根据首字母写单词。
1. They often play football on the p___________.
2. W_________ is the fourth day of a week.
3. My favorite subject is g__________.
4. I think our school newspaper is w__________.
5. My house is d__________ from yours.
三．按要求改写下列句子。
1. There is something else in my purse.(否定句)
2. He comes from Australia.(就划线部分提问)
3. We have many beautiful flowers in the garden.(同义句)
4. My sister dances very well.(同义句)
5. Mary often does cooking at home.(否定句)
四．翻译课文中出现的句子。
6. 露茜在骑自行车吗？
________ Lucy _________ a bike ?
7. 她通常坐地铁回家。
She ________ goes home _____ subway.
8. 游泳是我最喜爱的运动。
_________ is my ___________ sport.
9. 你们班里有多少名男生？
_________ boys __________ in your class?
10. 我对这个有趣的玩具很感兴趣。
I’m very _________ in the ________ toy.
五．课文填空。
Today is the tenth birthday of our school. There are a lot of beautiful ___________ for our school, and every student gets a birthday card with best _________. Of course, there are very nice birthday cakes, and every one of us gets one _________.
We are all very _________, and we will _________ today forever. （陈旗新老师）
篇4：初中英语测试题
精选初中英语测试题
一、找出画线部分读音不同的单词，并把标号填入题前括号内。(5分)
1. A day B bad C have
2. A fish B find C give
3. A me B see C red
4. A glue B run C us
5. A for B plant C four
二、用直线连接下列英文单词和对应的`中文意思。(10分)
library 电影院 watch TV 牙疼
station 图书馆 wait for 头疼
cinema 博物馆 play chess 看电视
museum 公园 headache 等候
park 车站 toothache 下棋
三、选择单词或词组，将其标号填在横线上(每个只能用一次)。(5次)
A. under B. white C. play cards D. in bed E. speak to
1. The book is ____ the bed.
2. Could I _____ Mike, please?
3. Dont read _____. Its bad for your eyes.
4. It is a _____ pencil.
5. I will _____ with Mike this week.
四、根据情景选择句子，将答案的标题填入括号内。(10分)
1.当你想知道橡皮放在哪儿时，问：
A. Where is the eraser?
B. Where is the pen?
C. Where is it from?
篇5：英语单元测试题及答案
英语单元测试题及答案
一、语音知识 (5％)
从A、B、C、D 中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，What a good, kind girl! 单元测试（A卷）。
［ ］1. cool A. look B. cook C. football D. soon
［ ］2. brother A. fifth B. weather C. thank D. throw
［ ］3. wear A. near B. pear C. hear D. dear
［ ］4. really A. idea B. great C. bread D. breakfast
［ ］5. cloudy A. country B. house C. young D. enough
二、单词读音 (10％)
找出每组单词中划线部分的读音含有所给音标的`单词。
［ ］6. [z] A. horses B. west C. houses D. sure
［ ］7. [i] A. cabbage B. again C. wife D. pea
［ ］8. [ ] A. pleasure B. sugar C. sir D. south
［ ］9. [i:] A. before B. below C. maybe D. busy
［ ］10. [d ] A. watch B. which C. match D. sandwich
三、词组英译 (10％)
将下列词组翻译成英语。
11. 最好干什么事 ______ 12. 沿着这条街走 _________
13. 让我想想 __________ 14. 去某地的路 ___________
15. 在路边 ____________
四、句型转换 (15％)
根据括号内的要求，改写句子，每个空格内只填一个单词，使句子意思完整与正确。
16. You can take a No. 72 bus. (对划线部分提问)
______ bus ______ you ______?
17. You'd better ask the policeman. (改为否定句)
You'd ______ ______ ask the policeman.
18. My address may be in one of my pockets. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ your address ______?
19. He knows the way to North Street Hospital. (改为一般疑问句)
______ he ______ the way to North Street Hospital?
20. They went swimming with their friends. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ they ______ swimming with?
五、单项选择 (30％)
从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
［ ］21. Sorry, I don't know the way to ______.
A. North Street Hospital B. north street hospital
C. Street North Hospital D. Hospital North Street
［ ］22. ______ matter, Tom?
A. What is B. What is a
C. What's the D. How is the
［ ］23. ______ bus shall we take?
A. What a B. Where C. Which a D. Which
［ ］24. The little girl is ill ______.
A. in a hospital B. in the hospital
C. in hospital D. in hospitals
［ ］25. ______ the end of the road you can find the post office.
A. On B. At C. By D. In
［ ］26. Go down this road and ______ the first ______ on the right.
A. take...turn B. take...turning
C. taking...turn D. taking...turning
［ ］27. The No. 1 bus ______ you to the shoe factory.
A. will take B. take C. catch D. bring
［ ］28. Granny is very happy ______ her son.
A. find B. to look C. seeing D. to see
［ ］29. I don't know how ______ the bus station.
A. reach to B. reach
C. to reach D. to reach to
［ ］30. Next Sunday I may go ______ my friends.
A. swimming with B. swim and
C. skate with D. shating and
六、阅读理解 (30％)
先阅读下列短文，然后根据文章内容判断正 (T)，误 (F)，英语试题《What a good, kind girl! 单元测试（A卷）》。
Jack went to school to study history (历史), but when he finished his first year, he didn't pass the exam (考试及格) and the teacher said to him, “You have to leave school.”
When the boy's father heard this news, he was very worried. He came to the school to see the teacher. He found the teacher in the office and asked the teacher to let Jack go on with his studies the next year.
“He is a good boy. He always does well in history.” said Jack's father,“ and if you let him pass the exam this time, he'll do better next year and pass the exam. ”Oh, no, that's not right!“ answered the teacher, ”Do you know, last month I asked him when Napoleon (拿破仑) died (死), and he did not know.“
”Please sir, give him another chance (机会),“ said Jack's father, ”You know we don't have any newspapers in our house, so nobody in our family knew that Napoleon was ill."
［ ］31. The boy in this story was good at history.
［ ］32. The boy's father went to the teacher's office and talked with him about his son.
［ ］33. The teacher let all his students pass the exam.
［ ］34. After that, the teacher let the boy pass the exam.
［ ］35. The boy's father was even poorer (弱、差) than his son in history.
参 考 答 案
一、1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B
二、6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
三、11. had better do something 12. go along this street 13. let me see 14. the way to some place 15. at the side of the road
四、16. Which...can...take 17. better not 18. Where may...be 19. Does...know 20. Whom did...go
五、21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A
六、31. F 32. T 33. F 34. F 35. T
篇6：第七单元测试题答案
第七单元测试题答案
一.听力材料极答案
第一节.(共5个小题，每小题1分，共5分。)
听下面五段对话，每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选出能回答所给问题的最佳选项，并将其字母代号填入答题卷相应的位置，每段对话读两遍。
1.Man：Whatwillyoudoinfiveyears?
Woman：Iwillplaytennis.
2.Woman：Wherewillyougoforvacation?
Man：Iwillflyarockettothemoonforvacation.
3.Woman：Willarobothelpwithhouseworkineveryhomes?
Man：Yes,Ithinkso.
4.Woman：Willrobotshavemanydifferentshapes?
Man：Yes,Someofthemwilllooklikesnakes.
5.A：Howdoyougotoschool,Mary?
B：Well,Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.SometimesIgotoschoolonfoot.
ButInevergotoschoolbybike.
第二节：听独白，完成信息记录表(10分)
Itwillbemylifein10years.IthinkI’llbeagooddoctor.Withthehelpofrobots,Icanhelpmanypeople.I’llliveinHangzhou,becauseit’sabeautifulcity,Therewillbemoretressandlesspollution.I’llgotoworkbybus,becausetherewillbefewercars,IthinkI’llliveinanapartmentnearWestLake.I’llliveinitwithmybestfriends,becauseIdon’tlikelivingalone.I’llgohikingeverydayandsometimesI’llgofishingwithmyfriends.Duringtheweek,I’lllookcool,andprobablywillwearasuit.Atweekends,I’llbeabletodressmorecasually.IthinkI’llgoto
HongkongonvacationandonedayImightevenvisitHawaii.
答案
II.完型填空(15分)26—30BCCBC31—35AABCD36—40CBDCA
III.阅读理解(30分)41—45ACCDC46—50BDBCC51—55ACBCD
68.snakes69.moon70.fly
V.作文略(10分)
篇7：第二单元测试题及答案
一、基础知识(17分)
1、用正楷或行楷将“平凡的人因有理想而伟大”写在格子内(3分)
2、填入下列句子中的词语恰当的一组是( )(4分)
①邓稼先是中华民族核武器事业的奠基人和___者。
②要知在艰难的国运中___国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事……
③从日记中，人们可以觉察到斯科特如何尽是___着自己的恐惧。
④天然要比人工美丽些;在一些动物身上，动作的自由就构成___的天然。
A、开创 建设 修饰 优美 B、开辟 建造 掩藏 秀美
C、开拓 建造 掩饰 美丽 D、创始 建设 遮掩 秀丽
3、把下列诗句连线，使之构成四副对联。(4分)
A、黑发不知勤学早 a、水淡性泊是我师
B、无边落木萧萧下 b、白首方悔读书迟
C、四面荷花三面柳 c、不尽长江滚滚来
D、笔枝心虚乃吾友 d、一城山色半城湖
4、依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，与上下文衔接最恰当的一组是( )(3分)
紫荆树的叶子也非常有趣，就像它的本名羊蹄甲所显示的那样， ，每片叶子都毫无例外，是由腰子形的对称的两面合成的 ，把它折拢起来，简直像是一只绿色的蝴蝶， 。于是有人又给紫荆起了一个诨名，叫做“朋友树”。
①简直就是羊蹄 ②仿佛羊蹄一般 ③凹进去的是末端 ④末端凹了进去 ⑤又像两个形影不离的好朋友 ⑥又像两个好朋友形影不离
5、阅读下面的文字，按要求答题。(3分)
斧子不小心掉到了河里，卵石见了很奇怪，问道：“你是谁呀，你为什么那样有棱有角呀?”
“磨的呗。”斧子耐心地回答道。
“磨的?”卵石更奇怪了，“我也在磨呀，怎么就不像你那样?”
“那是不同磨法的缘故。”斧子告诉它，“我是根据需要有计划地磨，每次都是磨那些该磨的地方。你呢，没有计划、没有目的地乱磨，就只会磨得更加圆滑了。”
这个故事告诉我们：
二、阅读理解(53分)
(一)比较阅读(16分)
[甲]最妙的是下点小雪呀。看吧，山上的矮松越发的青黑，树尖上顶着一髻儿白花，好像日本看护妇。山尖全白了，给蓝天镶上一道银边。山坡上，有的地方雪厚点儿，有的地方草色还露着;这样，一道儿白，一道儿暗黄，给山们穿上一件带水纹的花衣;看着看着，这件花衣好像被风儿吹动，叫你希望看见一点更美的山的肌肤。等到快日落的时候，微黄的阳光斜射在山腰上，那点薄雪好像忽然害了羞，微微露出点粉色。就是下小雪吧，济南是受不住大雪的，那些小山太秀气。
[乙]车过西泠桥以后，驶行于两边山岭林木连接着的野道中。所有的山上，都堆积着很厚的雪块，虽然不如瓦屋上那样铺填得均匀普遍，那一片片清白的光彩，却尽够使我感到宇宙的清寒、壮旷与纯洁!常绿树的枝叶上所堆着的雪，和枯树上的很有差别。前者因为有叶子衬托之故，雪块堆积得大一点，远远望去，如开满了白的山茶花。后者，则只有一些小小的雪片能够在上面粘着不落下去，与刚开花的梅李树绝对的相似。真的，我开始几乎把那些近在路旁的几株错认了。野道上半黄或全赤了的枯草，多压在两三寸厚的雪褥下面;有些枝条软弱的树，也被压抑的歪歪倒倒的。路上行人很稀少。道旁的屋里，时见有衣饰朴实而笨重的老人、童子，在围着火炉取暖。看了那种古朴清贫的情况，仿佛令我忘怀了我们所处时代的纷扰了。
6、给[甲]、[乙]两文中加黑的斜体字注音。(2分)
(1)镶： (2)褥
7、文中加线的“这样”指的是一种什么样的景色?(2分)
8、济南的雪令老舍欣喜不已：“最妙的是下点小雪呀。”而西湖的雪又使作者产生怎样的感受呢?请从文中找出有关的句子并抄录到横线上。(2分)
9、[甲]文写草，是为了表现济南冬天的雪 的特点。(1分)
[乙]文写树写草，是为了表现西湖的雪 的特点。(1分)
10、[乙]文写雪，是从视觉上来写其大的。如果从听觉来写，可以怎样写呢?请你试着写一写。(3分)
11、散文中恰当地运用修辞手法，可收到别具一格的艺术效果。读读下面两个句子，品评加点词语的表达作用。(4分)
(1)等到快日落的时候，微黄的阳光斜射在山腰上，那点薄雪好像忽然害了羞，微微露出点粉色。
(2)远远望去，如开满了白的山茶
12、古代诗词中有许多描写雪景的名句，你掌握的有多少?请回忆一下，写出一句。(1分)
(二)比较阅读(17分)
[甲]桃树、杏树、梨树，你不让我，我不让你，都开满了花赶趟儿。红的像火，粉的像霞，白的像雪。花里带着甜味儿;闭了眼，树上仿佛已经满是桃儿、杏儿、梨儿。花下成千成百的蜜蜂嗡嗡地闹着，大小的蝴蝶飞来飞去。野花遍地是：杂样儿，有名字的，没名字的，散在草丛里，像眼睛.像星星，还眨呀眨的。
[乙]暖国的雨，向来没有变过冰冷的`坚硬的灿烂的雪花。博识的人们觉得他单调，他自己也觉得不幸否耶?江南的雪，可是滋润美艳之至了;那是还在隐约着的青春的消息，是极健壮处子的皮肤。雪野中有血红的宝珠山茶，白中隐青的单瓣梅花，深黄的磬口的腊梅花;雪下面还有冷绿的杂草。蝴蝶确乎没有;蜜蜂是否来采山茶花和梅花的蜜，我可记不真切了。但我眼前仿佛看见冬花开在雪野中，有许多蜜蜂们忙碌的飞着，也听得他们嗡嗡地闹着。
13、这是两段写景的文字，甲段选自 写的《 》;乙段节选自鲁迅的《雪》。(1分)
14、甲段写春花争艳斗芳、竞相开放的语句是“ ”;写花味的句子是“ ”。
乙段中直接描写雪野之景的句子是“ ”，包含作者想像的句子是“ ”。(4分)
15、甲段写花的顺序是由 到 (以上每空0.5分)：先写 ，后写 ;乙段写雪野之景的顺序是由 到 (以上每空0.5分)：先写 ，后写 。(除特别提示外，以上每空1分)
16、甲段主要写春花的 ，乙段主要描绘雪野之景的 。(2分)
17、两段文字都运用了 的修辞手法。(1分)
18、品读所选语段，回答下面的问题。(6分，每小题2分)
(1)甲、乙段都用了一个“闹”字，它们的含义相同吗?
答：
(2)乙段是写雪，开篇写的却是“暖国的雨”，作者为什么这样写呢?
答：
(3)从乙段的哪些描写中，你能看出“江南的雪”“隐约着的青春的消息”?
答：
(三) 秋 颂(20分)
罗兰
⑴秋天的美，美在一份明澈。
⑵有人的眸子像秋，有人的风韵像秋。
⑶代表秋天的枫树之美，并不仅在那经霜的素红，而更在那临风的飒爽。
⑷当叶子逐渐萧疏，秋林显出了它们的秀逸。那是一份不需任何的点缀的洒脱与不在意俗世繁华的孤傲。
⑸最动人是秋林映着落日。那酡红如醉，存托着天边加深的暮色。晚风带着清澈的凉意，随着暮色浸染，那是一种十分艳丽的凄楚之美，让你想流几行感怀身世之泪，却又被那逐渐淡去的醉红所慑住，而情愿把奔放的情感凝结。
⑹曾有一位画家画过一幅霜染枫林的“秋院”。高高的枫树，静静掩住一园幽寂，然后重门深掩，看不尽的寂寥，好像我曾生活其中，品尝过秋之清寂。而我仍想悄悄步入画里，问讯那深掩的重门，看其中有多少灰尘，封存着多少生活的足迹。
⑺最耐寻味是秋日天宇的闲云。那么淡淡然，悠悠然，悄悄远离尘间，对俗世悲欢扰攘，不再有动于衷。
⑻秋天的风不带一点修饰，是最纯净的风。那么爽俐的轻轻掠过园林，对萧萧落叶不必有所眷顾——季节就是季节，代谢就是代谢，生死就是生死，悲欢就是悲欢。无需参预，不必留连。
⑼秋水和风一样的明澈。“点秋江，白鹭沙鸥”，就画出了这份明澈。没有什么可忧心、可紧张、可执著。“傲杀人间万户侯，不识字烟波钓叟”。秋就是如此的一尘不染。
⑽“闲云野鹤”是秋的题目，只有秋日明净的天宇间，那一抹白云，当得起一个“闲”字。野鹤的美，澹如秋水，远如秋山，无法捉摸的那一份飘潇，当得起一个“逸”字。“闲”与“逸”，那正是秋的本色。
⑾也有某些人，具有这份秋之美。也必须是这样的人，才会有这样的美。这样的美来自内在，他拥有一切，却并不想拥有任何东西。那是由极深的认知与感悟所形成的一种透澈与洒脱。
⑿秋是成熟的季节，是收获的季节，是充实的季节，却也是澹泊的季节。它饱经了春之蓬勃与夏之繁盛，不再以受赞美、被宠爱为荣。它把一切的赞美与宠爱都隔离在澹澹的秋光外，而是愿做一个闲闲的、远远的、可望而不可及的秋。
1983年11月
(选自人教版自读课本《翻过那座山》)
19.第⑸段中既然说秋林落日之美“十分艳丽”，那为何又说它是“凄楚”的呢?(2分)
答：
20.结合全文描绘的秋景，概括“秋之美”美在哪些方面?(4分)
答：
21.作者在写到秋风卷落叶时，说到“季节就是季节，代谢就是代谢，生死就是生死，悲欢就是悲欢”，从中我们体会到作者怎样的胸怀?对你做人有何启迪?(4分)
答：
22.可不可以把第⑵段改为“秋像某些人的眸子，秋像某些人的风韵”?结合全文，试从内容和结构角度谈谈你的理解。(4分)
答：①内容：
②结构：
23.你觉得“具有这份秋之美”的人应该具有哪些品德?(2分)
答：
24.现在正值秋季，留心生活，你会发现很多景物都具有“秋之美”，请你举出一例，并简要描绘它具有的美质。(文中出现事物不得再举)(4分)
答：
三、作文(30分)
也许，你还陶醉于童年的趣事之中，也许，你还陶醉于运动会那奋力的一搏，也许，你还陶醉于文艺晚会动人的舞姿，也许，你还津津乐道于你精心设计的一次野炊中……聪明的你，有了太多的幸福的陶醉……请你以“陶醉”为话题，或记叙一件事情;或描写一个场面;或刻画一个人物…… 自拟题目，自选文体，自选题材，写一篇文章。字数500字左右。
篇8：第二单元测试题及答案
1略
2C
3Ab Bc Cd Da
4A.①③⑤ B.②④⑥ C.①③⑥ D.②④⑤ 示例：讲原则才显得有个性。
6(1)xiāng (2)rù
7有的地方雪厚些，有的地方还草色还亮着。
8仿佛令我忘怀了我们所处时代的纷扰了。
9前者写雪薄的特点 后者写雪厚的特点。
10略
11(1)用了拟人的修辞手法，把夕阳斜照下粉色的薄雪，比拟为害羞的少女，情态可掬。(2)用了比喻的修辞手法，形象地写出了树叶上雪的样子。12略
13朱自清 《春》
14你不让我，我不让你.都开满了花赶趟儿。 花里带着甜味儿。 雪野中有血红的宝珠山茶，白中隐青的单瓣梅花，深黄的磬口的腊梅花;雪下面还有冷绿的杂草。 但我眼前仿佛看见冬花开在雪野中，有许多蜜蜂们忙碌的飞着，也听得他们嗡嗡地闹着。
15上 下 树上的花 地上的野花 上 下 雪野中的花 雪下的杂草
16艳丽、繁多 滋润、美艳
17比喻 拟人
18 ⑴相同。都写出了蜜蜂的多与采蜜的忙，侧面烘托了花的怒放，表现了春天的勃勃生机与活力。⑵先抑后扬，以暖国雨的单调，反衬江南雪的滋润美艳。⑶雪野中有色彩艳丽的花草，还可能有忙碌地飞着、嗡嗡地闹着的蜜蜂。
19因为“随着暮色浸染”，秋林落日美景逐渐消残，让人叹惋唏嘘，即所谓“夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏”。(答出“美景剩时不多让人生愁”意思即可)
20.美在：明澈 飒爽 秀逸 淡悠 闲逸 纯净(不加修饰) 澹泊……(从秋叶、秋林、秋院、秋云、秋风、秋水、秋色等方面概括选取特点，每点1分，答4点即得全分)
21.①作者羡慕秋的“洒脱”和“不加修饰”，向往这样的人生态度(或正视客观规律，坦然面对人生的生死悲欢)②“启迪”必须由文章内容生发而来，不可天马行空，不着边际。示例：为人处事不可过分计较，不妨洒脱一些，自然会感到生活的美好。22.①内容：从全文来看，作者不仅仅是颂秋，更是歌颂这些“具有秋之美”的人，第⑵段这样写则凸显了作者的这层意思;改后意蕴全无;②结构：第⑵段和第⑾段前后照应，第⑵段是为后文伏笔;改后则缺少这种前后照应的结构美。
23.胸怀豁达，淡泊名利，洒脱为人，内心宁静，了无杂念……
24.开放性试题，言之成理即可，如秋之菊，美在孤傲，不与百花争艳，绽放于霜寒时节，孤傲地为世间妆扮。
篇9：高考历史单元测试题及答案
一、选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题3分,共60分)
1.(郑州一模)“单就宗教而言,周人还有一点与殷人大不同,祖先的世界与神的世界逐渐分离,成为两个范畴的问题。”这集中体现于西周实行的( )
A.世袭制 B.分封制
C.宗法制 D.井田制
解析:C 殷人指商朝人,商朝以神权巩固王权,特别重视“神的世界”,周人实行宗法制,强调尊宗敬祖,特别重视“祖先的世界”。
2.(2013深圳一模)王国维说:“兄弟之亲本不如父子,而兄之尊又不如父,故兄弟间常不免有争位之事”“夫舍弟而传子者,所以息争也”。请判断他是在论述下列哪一制度的由来( )
A.以举荐贤能为核心的禅让制
B.以嫡长子继承为核心的宗法制
C.“兄终弟及”的王位继承制
D.以同姓亲族为主体的分封制
解析:B 从材料信息看,王国维认为,兄弟之间的血缘没有父子近,所以,兄弟之间不免有“争位之事”,为了避免这种情况,多把位置传给儿子,而不是兄弟。由此判断,这是关于宗法制的描述,故选B项。
3.(深圳调研)新版电视剧《红楼梦》中有“宝玉抢读贾环四不象灯谜”的场景。贾宝玉和贾环(宝玉之弟,为贾政的妾室所生)是同父异母的兄弟,但在剧中两人的地位却有天壤之别。从传统观念上看,导致两人地位悬殊的主要原因是( )
A.分封制的形成 B.个人素质的差异
C.宗法制的影响 D.封建家长的喜好
解析:C 贾宝玉地位高是因为是正房所生,是嫡长子,贾环地位低是因为是妾室所生,是庶子。这些特点符合宗法制的内容。
4.“在这样的时代……(国)王只是诸多政治实体的共主,或者说是联盟领袖。”这一政治现象形成的主要原因是( )
A.实行了宗法制度 B.采取了分封制度
C.实行了郡县制 D.推行了郡国并行制
解析:B 从关键信息“政治实体的共主”可知选择B项,分封制下最高执政集团尚未实现权力的高度集中,C、D两项都不正确。宗法制是关于权力的继承与分配,没有规定中央与地方的关系。
5.社会流动是指不同阶层出身者可以因为后天因素而转换成另一个阶层。据此分析,春秋战国的历史变动应为“社会流动增大”。出现这一变动的主要原因是( )
A.小农经济形成 B.分封制逐渐瓦解
C.监察制度建立 D.王位世袭制遭到破坏
解析:B 春秋战国之前,出身决定了人的命运,“社会流动性”很小。春秋战国时期,分封制逐渐瓦解,贵族等级制被打破,普通民众可以通过学识、战功或者经济地位的提高获得更高的社会地位,因此,正确的答案为B。
6.陈胡公妫满系舜帝之子商均的32世孙。公元前1046年,周武王灭商建周,把他封于陈,侯爵,并将长女太姬嫁给他。对此,以下解读不正确的是( )
A.西周初年曾经分封过异姓贵族
B.周统治者通过政治联姻巩固统治
C.陈胡公在封国内居于大宗地位
D.陈胡公可按照自己的喜好选择继承人
解析:D 宗法制是西周政治制度的特点。宗法制的核心是嫡长子继承制,陈胡公只能选择嫡长子为继承人,故D项不正确。
7.史家指出,中国历史上某一时期“有极关重要者四事”:一为中国版图之确立,二为中华民族之传承,三为中国政治制度之创建,四为中国学术思想之奠定。该时期指的是( )
A.商周时期 B.秦汉时期
C.魏晋时期 D.隋唐时期
解析:B 秦的统一为中国统一多民族国家的建立与发展奠定了基础;秦朝确立的____主义中央集权制,为中国封建社会两千多年政治体制奠定了基础;汉代中国确立儒家思想为统治思想。
8.“昔者五帝地方千里其外侯服、夷服,诸侯或朝或否,天子不能制。今陛下兴义兵,诛残贼平定天下……法令由一统,自上古以来未尝有,五帝所不及。”材料中实现“法令由一统”的政治制度是( )
A.禅让制 B.宗法制 C.分封制 D.郡县制
解析:D 由材料“法令由一统,自上古以来未尝有,五帝所不及”可以推断出应该是与秦始皇有关,而秦朝统一之后,全面推行郡县制。故正确答案为D。
9.(2013南京调研)程天相说道:中国历史五千多年以来,所有改朝换代、革命成功,或是王朝的建立者,没有一位是状元出身的,甚至于有的还是落第秀才。请问:这是不是一个科举制度的笑话?这种情况出现的原因是( )
A.考试内容单调乏味
B.考生知识局限
C.选用人才文化素养低
D.选用人才主要为统治者服务
解析:D 材料反映的是改朝换代者、革命成功者,或是王朝的建立者都不是通过科举制选拔出的,说明科举制度选用人才主要为统治者服务。
10.(2014福建师大附中模拟)据《文选》记载:“中朝,内朝也。汉代大司马、侍中、散骑诸吏为中朝,丞相以下至六百石为外朝也。”关于“内朝”和“外朝”的理解错误的是( )
A.以丞相为首的“外朝”,逐渐退居到执行职务的地位
B.“内朝”“外朝”之分始于汉武帝时期
C.“内朝”“外朝”使管理国家的实权逐渐由相府向宫廷转移,解决了君权与相权的矛盾
D.“内朝”由侍从皇帝的近臣构成,参与决策国家政务
解析:C 据所学知识可知,“中朝”由皇帝左右的亲信近臣构成,在宫廷之内对重要政事做出决策,外朝逐渐退居到执行职务的地位,A、D两项是正确的理解;B项符合史实;君权和相权的矛盾直到明朝时期,随着丞相的废除才得以解决,C项理解不正确,符合题意。
11.“他们接受更多的后备人员进入官僚体制,并为那些适合在政府的某个职位上的人提供丰厚的薪金。他们甚至安置文职官员来监管军队。”宋朝统治者的上述做法( )
A.提高了军队战斗力 B.减轻了政府的财政负担
C.加强了中央集权 D.提高了政府的行政效率
解析:C 宋朝通过分化军事权力来加强对军队的控制,这一做法加强了中央集权但降低了行政效率和军队的战斗力,增加了政府的财政负担,因此,正确答案为C。
12.(2014福州模拟)《晋书·段灼传》中记载:“今台阁选举,涂塞耳目;九品访人,惟问中正。故据上品者,非公侯之子孙,则当涂之昆弟也。”下列言论与材料内容相呼应的是( )
A.“大人世及以为礼”
B.“世胄蹑高位,英俊沉下僚”
C.“不察廉,不胜任也,当免”
D.“缙绅虽位极人臣,不由进士者,终不为美”
解析:B 通过分析题干中的材料可知,材料内容反映的是九品中正制。A项反映的是世袭制,不符合题意;B项是九品中正制产生的影响,符合题意; C项反映的是察举制,不符合题意;D项反映的是科举制,不符合题意。
13.(山东文综,11)自秦汉至宋元,中国政治制度变革的总体趋势是( )
A.地方政府的自主性逐渐被削弱
B.国家行政权逐渐转移到君主手中
C.宰相逐渐退出权力中心
D.世卿世禄的贵族政治逐渐被打破
解析:A 本题考查学生运用所学知识阐释阶段特征的能力。秦汉至宋元,____主义中央集权制度下的最主要矛盾表现为中央和地方的矛盾,经过秦汉、宋元等王朝的努力,中央集权不断加强,地方的权力不断削弱,A项正确;B项表述错误,宋元之前的君主集权是指的“决策权”而不是行政权,行政权仍然掌握在丞相手中;这一时期,丞相的权力逐渐削弱,但其并没有退出权力中心,C项错误;秦朝建立中央集权的政治体制后,就已经打破了世卿世禄的贵族政治,D项错误。
14.(2013衡阳联考)钱穆说:“论中国古今社会之变,最要在宋代……秦前,乃封建贵族社会。东汉以下,士族门第兴起。魏晋南北朝至于隋唐,皆属门第社会,可称为是古代变相的贵族社会。宋以下,始是纯粹的平民社会。”导致宋代发生该变化的原因不包括( )
A.科举制的实行
B.士族的衰落,庶族地主的兴起
C.文化教育的发展
D.早期民主思想的兴起
解析:D 这里的平民社会是指庶族地主进入政治权力的中心,B项是这一现象的根源,A、C两项都是这一现象的重要原因。D项是明清时期出现的。故选D项。
15.(2013昆明检测)宋代王谠在《唐语林·文学》中写道:“中正,乡曲之表也。藻别人物,知其乡中贤愚出处。”这里的“中正”是( )
A.人名 B.官职 C.地名 D.制度
解析:B 由材料可知中正负责识别地方的人才,是九品中正制中的重要官吏,故选择B项。
16.(2013湖南六校联考)宋、明以来中国历史存在大量“官无封建,吏有封建”的政治现象,有史料载,胥吏们“父以传子,兄以传弟,钱粮出入,尽归掌握”。对这一现象理解不正确的是( )
A.说明了宗法制分封制的长期存在
B.实际是____主义中央集权发展的结果
C.导致国家组织能力被严重地削弱
D.使得国家财政税收改革往往阻力巨大
解析:A 古代官吏分离,官以科举出身擅长经史辞章,财税经济司法方面却难有所长,只能委之于吏。政府为加强中央集权,常升迁、调防官员,但吏却不升迁、无调防。地方财税、经济、司法都操纵在吏的手中,吏往往成为最大的地方势力和利益集团,一旦国家面向财政税收进行改革,就会触及“吏”的根本利益,遭遇巨大阻力。这一状态下的国家组织也很松散,难以形成强大合力,国家组织能力被削弱,B、C、D三项正确。此现象不能反映分封制作为一种制度的实际存在,A项不正确。
17.“聪明才智人士为了从这一条窄窄缝隙进入政府,不得不把全部生命消磨在《九经》的九本儒书之中,再也没有精力谋革命了。”材料主要反映了科举制度的实行有利于( )
A.提高政府行政效率 B.扩大统治阶级基础
C.提高官员文化素质 D.稳定社会统治秩序
解析:D 本题考查学生对科举制影响的掌握。从材料信息“不得不把全部生命消磨在《九经》的九本儒书之中,再也没有精力谋革命了”,说明科举制使知识分子忙于求取功名,这有利于社会的稳定,D项正确。A、B、C三项在材料中没有体现。
18.16世纪末,西班牙人门多萨在《中华大帝国史》中写道:“皇帝极想成为他的帝国及其臣民的主人,国家如此之大,省份又如此之多,因此没有皇帝和内阁的同意,巡抚、总督和法官不准处死任何人。”材料主要反映了( )
A.元朝统治的疆域十分辽阔
B.明朝____主义中央集权的加强
C.明朝皇帝和官员依法办事
D.清朝皇权____的进一步加强
解析:B “皇帝和内阁”信息表明材料反映的是与明朝有关的现象,可排除A、D两项,由____主义独断性特征可排除C项,答案为B。
19.(2013东莞调研)有人说:“夫以无权之官,而欲强做有权之事,则势固必败;以有权之事,而必责于无权之官,其望更难酬,此从来阁臣之所以无完名也。”这里的“阁臣”是指( )
A.秦朝的三公 B.唐代三省长官
C.明代大学士 D.清朝军机大臣
解析:C “无权之官”“做有权之事”说明此时的“阁臣”不是中央的正式国家机构的官吏,符合这一条件的是明代的大学士和清朝的军机大臣,但称为“阁臣”的是明代的大学士。
20.(2014淄博一模)史载:嘉庆十年,有个叫何元琅的御史,给皇帝上了一个《请酌改军机处名目》的奏折,理由是“军机处承办一切事务,与兵部之专司戍政者不同……似应更改名目,以纪偃(停止)武之隆。”此事反映了军机处( )
A.与兵部的职能相互重叠
B.已演变为一个综合政务机构
C.其地位特殊引起朝臣不满
D.已成为国家最高军事机关
解析:B 材料指出军机处更名的理由是“军机处承办一切事务,与兵部之专司戍政者不同”,说明军机处已演变为一个综合政务机构。A项说法与材料不符,C、D两项材料没有体现。
二、非选择题(本大题共2小题,其中21题25分,22题15分,共40分)
21.阅读下列材料,回答问题:
材料一 唐代科举取士,以进士、明经两科为主,“大抵众科之目,进士尤为贵,其得人亦最为盛焉。”
唐代明经、进士两科的考试内容
初试 二试 三试 明经 选《礼记》或《左传》之一及《孝经》《论语》《尔雅》,每经帖十条 口答诸经大义十条 答时务
策三道 进 士 选《礼记》或《左传》之一及《尔雅》,每经帖十条 作诗、赋、文各一篇 作时务策五道 ——陈茂同《中国历代选官制度》
材料二
天子重英豪,文章教尔曹。
万般皆下品,唯有读书高。
……
朝为田舍郎,暮登天子堂。
将相本无种,男儿当自强。
——北宋汪洙编的《神童诗》
富家不用买良田,书中自有千钟粟。
安居不用架高楼,书中自有黄金屋。
娶妻莫恨无良媒,书中自有颜如玉。
出门莫恨无人随,书中车马多如簇。
男儿欲遂平生志,六经勤向窗前读。
——宋真宗《励学篇》
材料三 古往今来科举考试一再起死回生的历史说明:自古以来,中国就是一个人情社会,人情与关系在社会生活中起着重要的作用,为了防止人情的泛滥,使社会不至于陷入无序的状态,中国人发明了考试,以考试作为维护社会公平和社会秩序的调节阀。悠久的科举历史与普遍的考试现实一再雄辩地证明,考试选才具有恒久的价值。
——刘海峰《科举学导论》
(1)根据材料一,概括唐朝科举取士考查士人的哪几方面能力?(6分)
(2)据材料二分析,到了宋朝,在科举制影响下,产生了怎样的社会风气和社会观念?对于这些观念,你怎样评价?(8分)
(3)材料三中“中国就是一个人情社会”的历史根源是什么?材料三中认为“一再起死回生”的原因是什么?(6分)
(4)根据材料一、二、三说明科举制的影响。(5分)
解析:本题考查学生阅读材料归纳分析问题的能力。第(1)问从表格材料看,初试要求的是对经典的熟练掌握,二试考查的是写作能力,三试中的时务策显然是要求考生能够正确认识和处理社会的现实问题。第(2)问从材料二的两则诗词可以看出当时重视读书的风气,对其评价可从正反两方面分析。第(3)问理解“人情”的含义,从材料内容“为了防止人情的泛滥……中国人发明了考试”可见这里的人情指的是血缘亲情,因为考试是一种较为公平的选拔方式。第(4)问可结合三则材料归纳科举制的影响,可从正反两方面进行归纳。
答案:(1)熟练掌握经典的能力;文学能力;对时事的分析解决能力。(6分)
(2)风气:重视读书和教育,重视文化。观念:读书高贵,读书是进身之阶,读书可以改变命运。
评价:一方面有利于教育文化事业发展;另一方面读书讲究实用、功利主义,产生读死书,死读书现象。(8分)
(3)宗法制。科举制具有公平、公正,调节社会秩序的特点。(6分)
(4)科举制有利于选拔有才能的官吏,提高官员素质;科举制促进文化、教育事业发展;科举制具有公平性,有利于调节社会秩序;科举制也有局限性。(5分)
22.有人说,丞相这一制度的开局是个喜剧,而结尾却是一个悲剧。阅读下列材料,回答问题:
材料一 西汉的丞相陈平有过总结:“宰相者,上佐天子,理阴阳,顺四时,下遂万物之宜,外镇抚四夷诸侯,内亲附百姓,使卿大夫各得任其职也。”
材料二 诸葛忆兵教授在《宋代宰辅制度研究》中指出:宰辅在古代政治体制中发挥着举足轻重的主导作用,中国古代宰辅制度经历了三个阶段的变化。
材料三 《汉书》卷七十傅常郑甘陈段传第四十:“于是中朝左将军辛庆忌、右将军廉褒、光禄勋师丹、太中大夫谷永孟康曰:‘中朝,内朝也。大司马左右前后将军、侍中、常侍、散骑、诸吏为中朝。丞相以下至六百石为外朝也。’”朱元璋统一中国后,为建立中央集权的体制,以胡惟庸案为借口废除了丞相,设殿阁大学士,作为皇帝的咨询机构,这就是内阁的雏形。
(1)据材料一说明古代宰相的职责。(3分)
(2)据所学知识,指出材料二中三个阶段的变化依次是什么?你认为宰相制度从第一阶段到第二阶段演变的内在推动力是什么?为什么?(7分)
(3)材料三中前后两史实有何主要异同?(5分)
解析:本题考查丞相制度的发展演变历程。第(1)问“材料一”是答题依据和答案来源;“说明”是答题方式,要求在理解引句的同时扼要指出;“职责”是中心词。第(2)问第一小问“据所学知识”考查知识的再现;第二小问中心词是“演变”“推动力”;第三小问对“原因”的归纳取决于对“推动力”的归纳是否准确。第(3)问解答关键是据材料信息弄清比较的是哪两个史实;“异同”包括“相同”与“不同”;比较时一要结合材料中的具体做法归纳,二要从历史概念和结论的归类上分析。
答案:(1)宰相本为掌握政权的大官的泛称,后来用以指历代辅助皇帝、统领群僚、总揽政务的最高行政长官。(或者答为:是封建官僚机构中的最高官职,是秉承君主旨意总理全国政务的人)(3分)
(2)变化:三公制——三省制——内阁制。(2分)
推动力:皇权与相权的矛盾冲突。(1分)
原因:相权与皇权是一对既统一又冲突的矛盾。国家政权的正常运作要求在皇帝的____之下宰相有效地行使职权,而宰相权力的扩大又必然削弱皇权。皇帝既依赖宰相治理国家,又对宰相存有疑忌之心,不时地采取各种措施限制相权,把剥夺回来的种.种中央行政大权交给自己身边的亲信。于是,相权就逐步转移,“三公制”因此也逐渐演变为“三省制”。(4分)
(3)相同:都改任亲信或身份低微的人辅佐皇帝;都反映了皇权与相权的冲突;都反映了随着皇权的不断加强,中枢权力机构的组成不断发生变化。(3分)
不同:汉武帝采取措施将丞相排除出中枢决策的核心;明太祖则废除了丞相。(2分)
篇10：初中第七单元测试题及答案
初中第七单元测试题及答案
一．根据首字母提示完成单词。
1．I want to buy a cake and some c________ for my birthday.
2, My grandfather always water the f_________ every day.
3, Today is May 21 st , and t________ is May 22 nd
4. The road is only five meters w_________.
5. I’m going to get a birthday p______ from my parents.
6.Look. the monkey is eating a b_______.
7. Maria can’t dance the d_____.
8. Happy b_______ to you.
9. I’ll give you a soccer as a p_________.
10. I can’t s______ Japanese. What about you?
二．选择填空
1．I _______ my homework on Sunday.
A. didn’t B. do do C. don’t D. don’t do
2. He is going to _______ his homework this evening.
A, doing B. do C. does D. did.
3, I _____ at school yesterday. We ______ (not) on the farm last week.
A. am, aren’t B. was, weren’t C, am ,are D. was , wasn’t
4, Can you sing this song ______ English. A. in B, with C, on D, of
5, Everyone is singing and dancing______.
A. good B, fine C, happy D. happily
6. Happy birthday ___ you.
A. for B, to C. of D. with.
7, _____ was the tea party yesterday? It’s very wonderful
A. What B, Where C, When D, How
8. Please have a rest, _____?
A. do youB. don’t you C, will you D, can you
9. The mother is taking her child _____ the hospital.
A, into B, to C, in D, at
10. _______children are there in your family?
A, How much B, How many C, How often D. Which
11, I can _____ English , but I can’t sing English songs .
A. say B, speak C, speaks D, talk.
12, Can you write _____
A, well B. good. C, bad, D, talk.
13, Everyone ______ here.
A, is B, are C, like D, at.
14. Li Lei _______ late in the evening,
A. get B. is get C. return D. returns
15. I am ______ a green skirt today.
A. putting B, wear C. in D. put on
16. We often ______ TV on Saturdays.
A. see B. watch C. look at D. look
17. Where is Kangkang ? He _______ over there.
A. is running B, was running C. runs D. run
18. I want ______ the room. Could you please______ me?
A. to clean ,to help B. cleaning ,helping C. to clean , help D. clean , to help
19.My grandfather_______ me a computer last year.
A. buy B. buys C. buyed D. bought
20. I don’t like math , but my little daughter _______.
A. is B, does C. do D. don’t
三．用所给词的适当形式填空
1,would you like ____ ( go) to the zoo with us?
2.Monday is the ____ (two) day of the week.
3, How about ___(play) football?
4, Walk _____( cross) the bridge , you will see a hospital.
5, Our teachers often tell us some ______(fun) stories
6. Tom sits between ____(I) and Michael.
7, Why _________(not see) a film?
8, it’s time to get up. Most students______(put) on his clothes.
9. He _____(not play) tennis. But he ______(play) volleyball now.
10. We can use a dictionary______(look)up new words.
四．补全对话
A, Good morning . Can I help you?
B. Yes, 1. I want to buy a skirt 2my daughter.
A. What3does she like?
B. Red or white
A. Please look 4these skirts.
B. I think this red5is very nice. How6is it?
A, It’s about 100 yuan .
B, Oh, it’s too7. I8have much money.
A, what9the white one? It’s only 65 yuan .
B,That’s OK. I’ll10it.
五． 句型转换
1．Can you sing a song for her?
Can you ____ ___ _____ ____ ?
2．I think he is a student.(改为否定句)
I __ ___ he ______ a student.
3．It’s November 12 th today.( 对划线部分提问)
____ the ____ today?
4．My mother often makes cakes on Sundays.（用now 改写句子）
My mother _______ ____ _____now ?
5, Put on your clothes.（改为否定句）
_______ ____ ____ your clothes.
6.Can you play it well? （作否定回答）
___ , I_____.
7.I want to see a film this evening .（改为同义句）
I ___ __ _____ see a film this evening .
8.Let’s go shopping. (同义句)
___ _______ going shopping?
9.Mike can play the guitar. (划线提问)
___ ______ Mike ____?
10.We can help people with English. （划线提问）
______ can you help people_____ ?
六．完型填空
This is Mr. White’s 1.In his family there 2four people : Mr. White ,Mrs. White, their son Tom and their 3Alice.
Mr. White is4in a chair. He is5a newspaper . Mrs. White is sitting at the desk. She is6a letter. Tom is standing near the window. He is reading a story—book. Alice is sitting7the floor. She is playing8her toys. What’s9the wall? There is a big window. What10beside the window? There is a photo of their family.
1, A. home B. room C. family D. class
2. A. are B. is C. am D, have
3. A, son B. friend C. daughter D. mother
4. A. sit B. sitting C. stand D. standing
5 A. looking B. watching C. reading D, seeing
6. A. drawing B. making C. doing D. writing
7. A, in B. on C. under D. near
8. A. with B. at C. by D. and
9. A. on B. in C. next to D. in front of
10. A. are B. is C. have D. has
七．阅读理解
A.
In 2050, we can fly like birds .Everyone can fly in the sky. There will be no cars, no trains , no planes and no bikes in the world. We can fly to our school. It is also in the sky. The school looks like a beautiful garden. There are many trees and flowers in it . We can fly to our school’s swimming pool . It is in the sky, too.
We have four lessons in a day. Two are in the morning , and also two in the afternoon. We can study our subjects by the computer. Our school bag will be very light. We don’t need many books and exercise-books, because we can study and do exercises on the computer .
Our earth will be a big happy family. We can go and play anywhere. We can go to another planet. It is a very beautiful place, too. There is a blue ocean and big forests on it. We are the happiest in the world.
1. When can we fly like birds?
A. never. B, 2050 C, 2005 D, 2010
2. Where can we fly in 2050?
A. In the China B. In the world C. In the sky D, NO where.
3. How can we go to school in 2050?
A. Flying B. Riding a bike .C. Driving a plane D. Walking
4. We have ________lessonsin a day in 2050.
A. eight B. ten C. four D. no
5. Where is school’s swimming pool then?
A. on the playground B. on the hill C. in the sea. D. in the sky.
B
In England, it is a tradition(传统) for a child to have a cake on his or her birthday. The cake has the number of candles as the child’s age. During the party, the candles will be lit(被点燃)and the birthday boy or girl blows the candles out with one blow(一口吹灭) 。 He or she can make a birthday wish. Then friends and family members sing the famous song “Happy Birthday” and eat birthday cakes. They give gifts to the birthday child . It is really nice to have a birthday party.
根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F)
() 1. It’s a tradition for a child to have ice-cream in birthday.
() 2. The number of candles is the same as the child’s age.
() 3. The child makes a wish after eating the cake.
()4, Friends and family members sing songs during the party.
().5. The birthday child gives the gifts to friends and family members
八．写一篇介绍Jim 十三岁生日情况的短文 。字数不少于70字
答案。
一．1.candles 2. flowers 3, tomorrow 4, wide 5, presents 6. banana 7. disco 8. birthday 9. present 10. speak
二． 1-20。 DBBAD BDCBB BAADC BACDB
三．1to go 2. second 3 playing 4, across 5. funny 6. me 7. not see 8. are putting 9. doesn’t play is playing 10. to look
四．1. please 2 for 3 color 4.at 5. one 6. much 7. dear(expensive ) 8. don’t 9. about 10. take
五．． 1. sing her a song 2. don’t think is 3. What’s date 4. is making cakes 5. don’t put on 6. Yes I can 7. would like to 8. What about 9. What can play 10. What with
六． 1-5 CACBC . 6-10DBABB
七．（A） 1-5 BCACD (B) 1-5 FTFTF
八(略)
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