复习--非谓语动词
“席勒”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了7篇复习--非谓语动词，以下是小编收集整理后的复习--非谓语动词，欢迎阅读与借鉴。
篇1：复习非谓语动词需抓住八个要点
复习非谓语动词需抓住八个要点
非谓语动词是语法填空中的必考考点.所谓非谓语动词,就是在句子中不能单独做谓语的'动词,有-ed形式、-ing形式和不定式形式三种.因此,做语法填空题时,当句中已有谓语动词时,括号中所给动词即为非谓语动词,然后根据其在句中所作句子成分、某些词语或句式的搭配要求、与逻辑主语的主动或被动关系等,确定用某种具体的形式.
作 者：陈晓红 作者单位：茂名市化州第一中学 刊 名：广东教育（高中版） 英文刊名：GUANGDONG EDUCATION 年，卷(期)： “”(2) 分类号： 关键词：篇2：非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定
式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1）不定式
时态语态 主动被动
一般式 to doto be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2）动名词
时态语态 主动被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3）分词
时态语态 主动被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词
动名词
1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1）作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
南方与北方开战了。
2）作宾语
a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免
complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱prevent阻止
fancy 想象 finish 完成imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆resent 讨厌 resist 抵抗 resume 继续risk 冒险
suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续
举例：
(1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
b. 词组后接doing
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to busy look forward to(to为介词）
no good, no use, It's worth…, as well as,
can't help, It's no use /good be tired of
be fond of be capable of be afraid of
be proud of think of / about hold off
put off keep on insist on count on / upon
set about be successful in good at take up
give up burst out prevent … from…
3）作表语
Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.
2 worth 的用法
worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj. 意为“值得”。
1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示“…… 值得……”
be worth doing sth. “……某事值得被做”
The question is not worth discussing again and again.
2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示“……值得……”
be worthy to be done “某事值得被做”
The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.
3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth “值得做某事”
worth while： It is worth while doing sth
It is worth while sb to do sth.
典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。
动词不定式
1 不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
2 不定式作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
3 不定式主语
1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.
4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
5 不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
6 不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
7 不定式作状语
1）目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。
8 用作介词的to
to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认， confess to承认，
be accustomed to习惯于， be used to习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意
9 省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
举例：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例题
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。
2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。
10 动词不定式的否定式
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
典型例题
1）Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut
D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see
D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。
3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to
答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat
D. not eating
答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。
11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。
It's never too late to mend. (谚语)
改过不嫌晚。
3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
12 不定式的特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2) so kind as to ---劳驾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
劳驾，现在几点了。
13 不定式的特殊句型Why not
“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”
例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
非谓语动词（二）
14 不定式的时态和语态
时态语态 主动 被动
一般式to doto be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
15 动名词与不定式
1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to dotry doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to domean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
动名词与不定式区别实例：
1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing 停止做某事。
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择“stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事”。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。
2 forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.
而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
3 remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做)
regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.
我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。
5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。
cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。
That department has ceased to exist forever.
那个部门已不复存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.
姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。
6 try doing/to do
try to do 努力，企图做某事。
try doing 试验，试着做某事。
You must try to be more careful.
你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed.
我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
特殊词精讲
1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing 停止做某事。
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking..我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择“stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事”。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。
7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。
go on doing 继续做原来做的事。
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.
做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.
作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为“怕”；
be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕”。
She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband.
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband.
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。
interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。
I shall be interested to know what happens.
我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)
10 mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想
mean doing 意味着
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.
赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
11 begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sth
begin / start doing sth.
1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.
How old were you when you first started playing the piano?
你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do
I was beginning to get angry。
我开始生起气来。
3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth。
我开始明白真相。
4) 物作主语时
It began to melt.
12 感官动词 + doing/to do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别
1. 作宾语时，-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作，而不定式则表示某次具体动作，特别是将来的动作
I like playing football. I would like to play football this afternoon.
1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.
［A］ cheating ［B］ to cheat ［C］ be cheated ［D］ being cheated
2) News of success keeps in.
［A］ pouring ［B］ to pour ［C］ poured ［D］ to be pouring
3) Long ［A］ before the dawn ［B］ of recorded ［C］ history, humans celebrated to harvest ［D］ their crops.
2. 作定语时，-ING表示正在进行的动作，用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成；不定式表示未来发生
4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.
［A］ having launched ［B］ to have launched ［C］ to launch ［D］ launched
5) The applicants interviewing ［A］ are required to ［B］ bring all the necessary papers ［C］ two days later ［D］ .
6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves ［A］ occasionally contain ［B］ enough hydrocyanic acid killing ［C］ livestock(牲畜) ［D］ .
3. 当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语
It's beginning to snow you. It starts raining.
I'm considering how to go(where to go, what to do). I considered emplying Mr.Wang but
decided that Mr.Chen was more suited
to the job.
4. 在remember,forget等词后，如果跟-ING分词，表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后
I remember telling her that last night. (“告
诉”发生在“记得”之前) He remembered to tell her that when she
came back. (“记得”发生在“告诉”之前)
I'm sorry I forgot to give you the message. (主
语动词表示的动作“忘记”发生在不定式表
示的动作“给带口信”之前) Why! I have such a bad memory. I forgot
giving the message last night. (-ING分词
表示的动作“给带口信”发生在谓语动词表
示的动作“忘记”之前)
5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同
They stopped (talking) to work. ［停下(其他动作)来工作］
They stopped working. ［停下工作(来干其他动作)］
Workers went on discussing the problem. ［工人继续讨论这一问题］
Workers went on to discuss the problem.［工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题］
He left off writing.［他停下写作(去干其他事)］
He left off to write.［他停下(其他事)来写作］
6. … used to后跟不定式和-ING分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是used to是固定用法表示“过去经常干……”；另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式；后跟-ING分词的情况有一种，那就是当used to中的used是形容词时，to后跟名词或-ING分词
7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.
［A］ has worked ［B］ had worked ［C］ had been worked ［D］ used to work
8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.
［A］ get used to
［B］ get to
［C］ get over
［D］ get on with
9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging ［A］ in the crisp morning ［B］ air during ［C］ the winter months ［D］ , but now he has stopped.
7. 一般情况下，for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being
10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.
［A］ to be ［B］ being ［C］ to have been ［D］ having been
8. be＋形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用-ING
It is very difficult to manage the company.
二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别
虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ING分词表示主动的意义，而-ED分词则表示被动的意义；-ING分词表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。
1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态
The book is quite interesting. I am insteredted in the book very much.
The play is more exciting than any I have
ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted.
2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况 11) In his movies，W. C. Fields was always at war with the world， .
［A］ battling both people and objects
［B］ both people and objects were battled
［C］ he was battling both people and objects
［D］ both people and objects that were battled
13) Having been served lunch， .
［A］ the problem was discussed by the members of the committee
［B］ the committee members discussed the problem
［C］ it was discussed by the committee members the problem
［D］ a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee
12) for her anthropological research，Margaret Mead also was involved with the World Federation for Mental Health.
［A］ She is noted primarily
［B］ Noted primarily
［C］ Primarily is noted
［D］ She primarily noted
14) Considered one of the leading poets in America today， .
［A］ a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez
［B］ Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays
［C］ a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written
［D］ there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez
3. ①作定语时，-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；②-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态，而-ED分词则没有时间性；③-ING分词表示主动，而-ED分词表示被动
15) The boiled ［A］ point of any liquid ［B］ is determined ［C］ by the pressure ［D］ of the surrounding gases.
16) High-grade ［A］ written ［B］ paper is frequently ［C］ obtained ［D］ from cotton rags.
17) Scientists ［A］ still cannot find ［B］ any convinced ［C］ link between intelligence ［D］ and the quantity or quality of brain cells.
4. 但少数几个动词的-ED分词，有两种形式而且在意义上有差别，如：bear的-ED分词有born和borne之分，前者只用于“出生”的意义，而后者用于“负担”，“负荷”，“承担”和“传送”之意
I was born in 1966.
His borne responsibility to the whole workers of the factory is really great.
再如：hang的-ED分词也有两种，一是hung,另一形式是hanged, 前者表示“悬挂”，后者表示“吊死，绞死”。strike的-ED分词也有两种：struck和striken, 前者有“打击”“冲击”“感动”等义，而striken只用作形容词，表示“受折磨”之意。
来自及物动词的-ED分词所表示的是被动意义；来自不及物动词的-ED分词则可表示主动和完成的意义：fallen leaves (落叶)，a full-blown rose (盛开的玫瑰), escaped prinsoners(逃犯), the exploded bomb, her deceased husband, the retired workers, the vanished jewels, the newly arrived visitors, the returned students, the risen sun.
三、例题解析
1) A为正确答案。(一般性的动作。)
2) A为正确答案。(连续的动作。)
3) D错。 改为harvesting(抽象的动作)。
4) A为正确答案。(已完成的动作。)
5) C错。 改为to be interviewed(将要发生的动作)。
6) C错。改为to kill(不定或未来动作)。
7) D为正确答案。(过去经常或总是干……)
8) A为正确答案。(习惯于……used是形容词)
9) A错。改为jog。(表示过去经常或总是干……)
10) A为正确答案。
11) A为正确答案。
12) B为正确答案。本句是由-ED分词“noted”引导的-ED结构，在句中说明主句谓语的背景。
13) B为正确答案。
14) B为正确答案。-ED分词“considered”的逻辑主语应为人，除B外的其他选项都无法和空白前-ED结构在逻辑主语上一致。
15) A错。改为boiling。-ED分词含有完成和被动的意思，-ING分词则表示主动、进行，也可用作前置定语表示性状、用途。如：“boiling water(water which is boiling.)”意思是“开水”，意即“正在开着的水”，而“boiled water(water which has been boiled.)”虽也可译为“开水”，但表示“已开过了的水(现在可能凉了)。”本句A处应改为boiling，“boiling point”意思是“沸点”。
16) B错。改用“writing”，“writing paper”意为“写字的纸，信纸”，-ING分词“writing”表用途。与此类似的还有“swimming pool”(游泳池) ，“sleeping car”(卧铺) 。“written”含有完成和被动意味，不合上下文。
17) C错。改为“convincing”。“令人信服的联系”应为“convincing link”，“convincing”含有主动的意味，即“联系”(link)本身具有这种性质，而“convinced”则含有完成或被动的含义， 修饰有生命的名词 。试比较：a surprising man (使人惊讶的人) ，a surprised man (被惊吓了的人)
篇3：谓语动词是什么有哪些
1、表示主语动作的词语和词组
例如：I see a girl.我看见一个女孩。“看见”“see”就是这个句子的谓语，而see也是个动词，所以就叫做谓语动词。
2、而动词短语就是动词加小品构成的'起动词作用的短语叫动词短语。
例如：Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。（turn off是动词短语）
3、动词短语的构成基本有下列几种
（1）动词+副词，如：blank out；
（2）动词+介词，如：look into；
（3）动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成动词短语的副词和介词都统称为小品词。
引申：非谓语动词也是动词，但不能作谓语，只能作主语、表语、宾语、补语、状语、定语。非谓语动词又分为动名词、不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
篇4：什么是谓语动词
不过需要指出的是，中英文有一个很大的差别，那就是英语是靠这个谓语动词的多种形变来表达时间的不同，状态的.不同，而中文呢这个动词是永远不变的。
比如说我吃饭，这个吃永远不变，不管我是说我正在吃饭，我将要吃饭，我已经吃饭，这个吃是永远不变的。而英语的这个eat会变很多次，都变的是谓语动词。
比如说 I eat breakfast。I ate breakfast。I have eaten breakfast。I will eat breakfast。所以这都是不一样的，这是英语当中的谓语动词的特点。
篇5：系动词和谓语动词怎么区分
系动词有哪些
一“be”：is am are
四“变”：get become turn go
五“感官”：feel taste smell sound look
谓语动词和非谓语动词比较
（1）谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
a.Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）
b.Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来我们教室和我们谈话。 （to have a talk...不定式作目的状语）
（2）谓语动词受主语的.人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
a.Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。（动词用单数第三人称形式，作谓语）
b.Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。（do用原形，补充说明nothing）
篇6：深入领悟非谓语动词
深入领悟非谓语动词
作者 谭立励
非谓语动词在英语里是一项重要的语言表现形式，它与汉语动词的使用方法习惯很不一样,是不少中国学生容易混淆出错的知识能力要点。
非谓语动词有四个特出的特点：
一，它不能当谓语，因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词。象“I running in the morning every day.“”he named Liping.“ 就是没有谓语动词的错误的句子。
二，非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作，但两者的性质，地位不同。这是中国学生最不容易理解的地方。对句子往深层次分析，我们就应该领悟到这一点：与谓语动词的动作对比，非谓语动词的地位是次要的，从属性质的：（1）此动作有时已不是具体的动作，而是概括抽象的一件事，相当于一个名词了；（2）此动作有时即使是具体的动作，但却是从属性的，次要的动作：比如表示原因，条件，时间，目的，临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。在汉语中，不使用连词也可以在一个句子中连用用几个动词；但在英语中，一个句子只能用一个谓语动词，除了用and 连接的两动词外，其它的两个动词一定要分清主次，从属等内在逻辑关系。表示原因，条件，目的，时间，临时性的不稳定的伴随动作等动词必须用非谓语或从句来表示。句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词，句子的次要，伴随，补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句。下面列举一些例句对比说明：
1.”为了健康，他天天喝牛奶。“”为了健康“是目的，是次要动作，“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词；To be more healthy, he drinks milk every day.
2.”喝牛奶对他有好处，他爱喝牛奶“这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的”喝“,而是概括抽象的一件事。“喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛奶”.应用”Drinking milk“动名词来表示。
3，“我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作，但它和”肚子痛“有内在逻辑关系，它表示的是原因，是从属地位，“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词。可以用”Having drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my stomach.“来表示。
也可以用从句“Since I have drunk some milk,I have some trouble with my stomach.” 4，“喝牛奶，人健康”，“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系，它显然是条件，可以用“Drinking milk every day, one will get more healthy”来表示。
5，“我喝牛奶呛着了。”“喝牛奶”和“呛着”也有逻辑联系，它表示时间，可以用“Drinking milk, I choked.“来表示。
6，“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是稳定的长背景动作，应做谓语动词，而“喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定的的伴随动作，是补充说明，可用非谓语动词：“He sat there,drinking some milk.”
综上所述，同是“喝牛奶”，但各句子中“喝牛奶”的动作含义和句子地位各不相同。此“喝牛奶”非彼“喝牛奶”。
除了可以当状语，非谓语动词还可以当定语和补语。例如：
7，“The girl standing there was crying.”standing 就是the girl 的定语。
8，“I found him running in the street.” running 就是 found 的宾补。
非谓语动词还可以当表语。当表语的现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词，表示特征，状态或人的情绪，情感；当表语的动名词相当于名词，表示一件事情或现象。例如：
9，The book is tiring , while the film is exciting.
10.The excited audiences were moved at the exciting play.
11.Her job is raising pigs ,she finds that living is working.
三，非谓语动词前不需要形式主语和连词。 1，除了独立主格结构外，非谓语动词都没有形式主语出现在它的前面，如出现了多余的主语那反而是错的句子。但主语不出现不等于没有主谓关系。非谓语动词肯定与主句的主语存在着隐含的逻辑主谓关系，如找不出这种关系那一般都是错误的句子。如“从山上看下去，我们的城市很美丽。”主句的主语“城市”不会“看”，不存在逻辑主谓关系，只存在动宾关系。因此不能用“Seeing“,而只能用”Seen from the mountain , ...“ 被动的形式来表示。或用独立主格：“Anybody seeing it from the mountain ,the city looks very beautiful.”又比如“听到这个消息，她的眼泪流出来了。”“眼泪”不会“听”，不存在逻辑主谓关系，因此不能象中文一样直译：Hearing the news,her tears came along her check.应该说：Hearing the news ,she had tears coming along her check.
2，非谓语动词不需要because,as,if,when,while 等连词，但它却已经含有连词的意思。象 Because not having prepared my lesson,I can't answer the question.就是错的，应删去Because。
反之，如不用非谓语而用从句，那表示原因，条件，时间，伴随，目的的从句前又必须有连词。而中文却是可以省连词的，如上文的“喝牛奶肚子痛”“喝牛奶，人健康。”“喝牛奶呛着了”都可以加用连词也可以不用连词。因此中国学生往往把表示原因，条件，时间，伴随的从句不用连词，不用句号，却要与主句并列在一起，出现“少连词混淆主次”的错误，如：I am poor, I can't buy the house. “I am poor”显然与后面的句子有逻辑因果关系，应加连词Since或变成“Being poor,I can't buy the the house.
有时中国学生又会犯两个分句都用连词的错误，如：“因为我病了，所以今天我不能上学”译成：Because I am ill, so I can't go to school today.在英语中有连词的句子都是次要，从属地位的从句，如两个分句象中文一样都用连词，那就没有表示句子主要意思的主句了。这便是“多连词导致无主句”错误。同理，如非谓语动词短语后的句子用连词，也等于犯了“无主句”的错误。
四,非谓语动词具有谓语动词的有宾语，有状语等特征。
1，及物的非谓语动词后要带宾语，是双宾动词还要带两个宾语，象上面的句子如用“Anybody seeing from the mountain, ........”就是不好的句子，因为及物非谓语动词seeing没有带宾语。
2，不及物的非谓语动词后当然不会有宾语。
3，过去分词后不能出现宾语，因主句的主语就是它的逻辑宾语。象“Heated the water ,it will turn into stream.”就是错的，the water 应删去。
当然，带双宾的非谓语动词后还需带一个宾语：“Told the students many times, the importance is paid attention to."
以上知识能力要点都是要靠理解，领悟，不是靠死记硬背的。下面让我们做一点练习来加深理解。注意两动作的主次逻辑关系，注意“无形式主语”“无连词”“不能多用连词 ”等非谓语动词特点。
篇7：复习--非谓语动词
I. 分词的归纳与总结
A. –ing结构做定语后置
Do you know the woman talking to Tom?
Who were those people waiting outside?
The road joining two villages is very narrow.
I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden.
There were some children swimming in the river.
B. 以-ing or –ed 结尾的形容词做表语
Jane is bored because her job is boring.
Jane’s job is boring, so Jane is bored.
以-ing结尾的形容词表达事物给人的感觉，以–ed 结尾的形容词表达人对事物的感觉。又如：
Julia thinks politics is very interesting.
The film was disappointing. I expected it to be much better.
We were shocked when we heard the news.
Everybody was surprised that he passed the exam.
C. 动词或介词+ing做宾语
a）在下列词后的动词要用-ing形式
enjoy, stop, finish, consider, avoid, practise, suggest, mind, risk, keep, appreciate, admit, miss, delay, etc.
I enjoy dancing.
Would you mind closing the window?
Amy suggested going to the cinema.
Don’t keep interrupting me while I am speaking.
b）介词(in, for, about, before, …)+ing
What are the advantages of having a car?
How about playing tennis tomorrow?
I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.
Before going out, I phoned Sarah.
What did you do after leaving school?
c）动词+介词的词组+ing
I am thinking of buying a house.
Do you feel like going out for dinner tonight?
I am used to driving on the left because I’ve lived in Britain for a long time.
Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again?
I prefer driving to travelling by train.
这类的词组有give up, put off, carry on, succeed in, dream of, insist on 等
D. 动词-ing形式做宾语补足语
I saw him walking along the street at night yesterday.
I could hear it raining.
I found Sue in my room reading a letter.
类似的词还有：feel, listen to, look at, notice, watch, observe, etc
E. –ing 从句做状语
Jim hurt his arm playing tennis. (=while he was playing)
A man ran out of the house shouting. (=he ran out of the house and he was shouting)
Having finished her work, she went home. (=after she had finished her work, she went home)
Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (=because I felt tired, I went to bed early)
Having already seen the film twice, I didn’t want to go to the cinema. (=because I had already seen it twice, I …)
II. 不定式的基本结构
A. 结构 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing --------
完成式 to have done to have been done
B. 例句
（1）The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. （定语）
（2）They decided to finish the job on time. （宾语）
（3）I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. （宾补）
（4）He was the best man to do the job. （宾补）
（5）They went there to visit their teacher. (状语)
（6）My question is how to find out some useful information. （疑问词引导）
附： 动词搭配表
I. v. + to do
1.wish to do 2.hope to do
3.promise to do 4.decide to do
5.refuse to do 6.agree to do
7.expect to do 8.manage to do
9.fail to do 10.prefer to do
11.plan to do 12.want to do
13.ought to do 14.have to do
15.used to do/be use to do 16.seem to do
17.would like to do 18.in order to do
19.so as to do 20.set out to do
21.make up one's mind to do 22.take trouble to do
23.It takes sb. some time to do 24.be going to do
25.be about to do 26.happen to do
27.pretend to do/to have done/to be doing
28.be thought/believed /said /reported to do
29.have no choice but to do
II. v. +adj. + to do
1. be willing to do 2. be likely to do
3. be able to do 4. too ... to do
5. be glad to do 6. be determined to do
7. be ready to do 8. be sure to do
9. be pleased to do 10. be afraid to do
11. be surprised to do 12. be eager to do
13. be anxious to do
14. It is important/necessary...for sb. to do
15. be...enough(for sb.) to do 16.be the first/last to do
17. be careful not to do/take care not to do
III. v.+ sb. + to do
1. help sb. to do 2. order sb. to do
3. tell sb. to do 4. wish sb. to do
5. want sb. to do 6. force sb. to do
7. get sb. to do 8. drive sb. to do
9. forbid sb. to do 10. cause sb. to do
11. allow sb. to do 12. permit sb. to do
13. persuade sb. to do 14. advise sb. to do
15. invite sb. to do 16. prefer sb. to do
17. require sb. to do 18. call on sb. to do
19. It cost sb. some money to do 20. think/consider sb. to be
IV. v.+ sb. / sth.+ do/ doing / done
1. see 2. hear 3. notice 4. watch 5. listen to 6. look at
7. feel 8. have 9. observe
e.g. I saw him come in. He was seen to come in.
him working
the problem settled
V. v. + do
1.can, may, must, should, need, will, dare
2.please do 3. had better do 4. would rather do...(than do)
5.why (not) do 6.let/make/have sb. do
7.have nothing to do but do
There is nothing to do but do They could do nothing but do
VI. v.+ doing
1.enjoy doing 2.risk doing
3.avoid doing 4.keep doing
5.practise doing
6.suggest doing / sb.'s doing / that sb.(should) do
7.miss doing 8. finish doing
9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing
11.resist doing 12. consider doing
13. mind doing / sb.'s doing / if sb. do
14. imagine doing 15. keep on doing
16. go on doing 17. insist on doing
18. be busy doing 19. set about doing
20. give up doing 21. feel like doing
22. can't help doing
23. spend/save/waste/kill/time (in) doing
24. It is no use/good doing
25. prefer doing to doing
26. look forward to doing
27. succeed in doing
28. be afraid of doing
29. have trouble/difficulty (in) doing
30 There is trouble / difficulty (in) doing
31. prevent / keep /stop sb. from doing
32. thank you for doing
33. praise sb. for doing
34. punish sb. for doing
35. excuse sb. for doing / sb.'s doing
36. apologize for doing
37. be (well) worth doing / be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done
38. want / need / require doing
e.g. The boy wanted to wash his handkerchief./ The boy wanted washing.
I need to buy a new pair of trousers. / The trousers need mending.
39. do some reading/washing/cleaning/shopping/cooking/more speaking
40. go swimming/dancing/shopping/skating/boating/sightseeing/skiing
VII. v.+ to do / doing
A. 意义差别不大
begin/start e.g. When shall we start working/to work?
Suddenly it started to rain.
Now he began to realize/know his mistakes.
B.接doing表示一般情况,接to do表示具体
1. like/love e.g. I like swimming. But I don't like to swim this afternoon.
2. hate e.g. I hate getting up early. I hate to get up at this time.
3. prefer e.g. He prefers doing to talking.
I'd prefer to go by bike rather than walk this time.
C. 接doing表示已完成的动作,接to do表示未做的动作
1. remember e.g. Remember to close the window before you leave.
I remember being taken to the Great Wall when I was young.
2.forget e.g. Don't forget to lock the door.
I'll never forget meeting him for the first time.
D.意义有差别
1. try e.g. He tried to escape but he was caught.
He try unlocking the door with another key.
2. stop e.g. Stop talking, please. Let's stop to work.
3. regret e.g. I regret to say/tell you/inform you that you failed in the test.
How I regret telling him the news.
4.mean e.g. I'm sorry if I have hurt your feeling. But I didn't mean to.
The incident probably means war/fighting between the two nations.
5. go on
e.g. After he had finished his homework, he went on to write a letter.
Having been put into prison, he went on writing songs.
6. be afraid to do/of doing
e.g. I’m afraid to go out at night.
Most people are afraid of snakes.
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when learning a foreign language.
【模拟试题】
1. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96, 23)
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost
2. The patient was warned __________oily food after the operation. (NMET 96)
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
3. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912. (NMET97)
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
4. I would love _______to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.(NMET 97)
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98,23)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99,25)
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
7. Robert is said __________abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (NMET 99)
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult.(NMET 99)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job. (NMET春北京 00)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
10. __________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (NMET01)
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep
11. Tony was very unhappy for ___________to the party. (2000上海，40)
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________the next year. (NMET2000, 22)
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
13. I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears __________everything. (2001 上海)
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
15. ____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (2002 上海)
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
16. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
---The key ________the problem is to meet the demand _________by the customers.
(NMET2002 北京)
A. to solving, making B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
17. The research is so designed that once _________nothing can be done to change it.
(NMET2002)
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
18. Generally speaking, ________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
(2003 上海)
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
19. The teacher asked us ________so much noise. (NMET2003 北京)
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen. (NMET2003)
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain __________as the plane was making a landing. (2004春季上海)
A. at B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents___________. (NMET2004 重庆)
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
23. ____________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
(NMET2004广东)
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam. (NMET2004 福建)
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
25. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.
(2004 上海)
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when __________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET2004全国)
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
27. He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
28. This company was the first ________portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world. (2005春上海)
A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
29. ___________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (NMET2005 春季北京)
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
30. The storm left, ____________a lot of damage to this area. (NMET2005全国)
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
【试题答案】
1-5 CCCDC 6-10 DABCA 11-15 DCBDC 16-20 BDBDB
21-25 CACDB 26-30CDBCD
【复习--非谓语动词】相关文章：
1.非谓语动词总结
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