英语翻译：看结构 译主干
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篇1：英语翻译：看结构 译主干
英语翻译：看结构 译主干
考研翻译历年是考研得分率较低的部分。那么这一部分再考场上到底该如何处理呢?2014考研英语新大纲英译汉部分的总体要求仍然是“译文准确、完整、通顺”。在这一部分，同学们要注意关键：浏览，解构。
1.浏览 考研翻译和四六级翻译不同，是放在整个篇章中进行考察，因此整体语境的了解也是必要的，这需要我们利用 1-2 分钟左右的时间快速浏览下各段落的首末句，对文章有个初步的整体了解。 但注意不要花太多时间，毕竟这不是解题的关键。
2.解构 一个西瓜，我们不能抱着直接啃，至少要砍几刀，最后整体消灭。考研翻译的句子基本都是“混血儿”，并列句，复合句杂糅一起，因此我们需要解构，顾名思义，就是分清划线句子的语法结构关系，把句子砍成一块一块的形式，从而各个击破。所以这一步我们必须要火眼金睛，像 X 光一样，通过真题不 断加强练习，达到一种“快速透视”的程度，“划线句子面前一站，架构立即显现。”
解构过程中，需要注意的有两点：一是了解各类解点(包括并列连词，从属连词，非谓动词，各种介词及标点符号)，将句子砍成几部分，明确主干及修饰成分;二是根据句子长度，先大砍，再小砍。即先宏观上砍成 3、4 部分，如果仍然出现个别复杂结构，再进 行内部解构。
3 、建构 切割完的句子，我们需要进行翻译转换重组，此为建构。翻译时，在充分理解原文的基础上，需要根据中英文的差别，比如英语多被动，汉语多主动;英语多繁杂，汉语多简短;英语多替换，汉语多重复等，采取适当的方法策略，比如增省词法，重换词法，倒译转译法等灵活处理，最终达到一种归化的翻译形式，准确，通顺。
4 、校对 最后一步，要检查核对一下。比如有没有漏掉信息，表达是否通顺，汉字书写是否规范等。
英语翻译的备考不能只停留在“看”的'层面上，要扎扎实实的“做”翻译，提高动手、动笔的能力，那样才能切实的提高翻译水平，那么如何做呢?建议大家，基础阶段可以把考研阅读中的长难句拿出来翻译，提高一些动手能力。那么拿到句子到底应该如何翻译呢?翻译句子解题思路：1、不要看每个单词是不是认识。2、看结构，译主干。3、找关系，加修饰。
例句：
He asserted, also, thathis power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was verylimited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeededwith mathematics. (47题)
这句话很有难度，大家可以先自己动手写一些汉字，看自己会怎么翻译。大家在翻译期间可以感受一下你首先做什么，其次做什么，最后做什么，方法对不对。
拿到一个长难句，首先应该做的是看结构，译主干。拿到句子不要先看单词认不认识，而是先要看连接词，引导词，看句子的大结构。怎么去看呢?
先把主句从句分析出来。英语语法非常严谨，逻辑非常明确。That引导的是一个宾语从句，你可以用红色标注起来，这是一个大结构，后面forwhich大的定语从句，后面that又是一个宾语从句。就应该这样做，首先看出大主干，好，看完结构了，下一步就是译主干。我们把刚刚看到的主句和从句里面的核心主干找出来，“他也断言”第一个主干出来了，that引导的宾语从句，就是his power，was, limited,我们就可以翻译他的能力是有限的，后面，for which reason因为这个原因，他感觉确信，再看后面的that从句，他从来，决定没有成功过。所以这就是句子的主干。如果你能做到这一步，就说明你理解了这个句子。最艰难的部分，follow这个词的翻译，主干出来了就是加修饰。To follow不定式做定语修饰能力，his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought wasvery limited。Follow的核心宾语是thought，这样翻译是：他跟随思维的能力非常有限。但是汉语中很少说跟随思维，can you follow me?是你能理解我吗?那么这里follow就是理解的意思，所以翻译成，他理解思维的能力非常有限，然后再加long是修饰思维的，所以我们再加，就是：他理解冗长的思维的能力非常有限。再接着加，就是abstract,他理解冗长而抽象的思维的能力非常有限。而purely 是修饰抽象的，所以就是：他理解冗长而纯粹抽象的思维的能力非常有限。但是我们不说纯粹抽象，说非常，极度抽象。所以改为：他理解冗长而极度抽象的思维的能力非常有限。再看train这个词，火车是一节节，所以我们把它看成是数量关系，一系列的思维，然后翻译为：他理解一系列冗长而极度抽象的思维的能力非常有限。修饰加到这个样子就可以了。
总之，翻译备考过程中，一定要多动手自己翻，翻译的时候，切记先看句子的结构，找到句子主干，然后再处理各从句及其修饰关系，最后添上修饰成分。
篇2：考研英语翻译: 比较结构
考研英语翻译: 比较结构
1 Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.2 Yet their present development is wholly different, not so much because of different people even, but because of the different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants.
3 If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
4 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
5 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
6 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
7 Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
8 It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other is on the microscope.
9 There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare uses it.
10 These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than exist in traditional media.
篇3：考研英语翻译 比较结构
考研英语翻译也是考研英语中很重要的一个题型，下面是中国考研培训网整理的考研英语翻译提高笔记，关于比较结构句型的翻译方法。
比较结构
一、as…as…句型
(一)as…as…句型
My parcel is as heavy as yours.我的包裹和你的.包裹一样重。
She is as much interested in music as ever.她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。
The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly.最近，我国的经济发展和以前一样稳定。
考研英语翻译提高(二)not as (or so)…as…句型
My uncle is not as (or so) tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父亲高。
People are not so honest as they once were.人们现在不如过去那样诚实了。
(三)not so much …as…句型
通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。
was not so much angry as disappointed.他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。(可以理解为：“他的生气不如失望多”，就是说“他更多的是失望，愤怒是其次。”)
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋与其说是把世界分割开来，还不如说是把世界连接在一起。
Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.拙劣的写作，与其说是语法上的错误，还不如说是由于文体上的弱点。
考研英语翻译提高 (四)not so much as…句型
not so much as…这个结构相当于“not even…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。请注意与not so much …as…这个结构的区别。
He didn’t so much as ask me to set down. 他甚至没有请我坐下。
He cannot so much as spell a word 他甚至连一个词也不会写。
He hadn’t so much as his fare home. 他甚至连回家的路费都没有了。
二、比较级+ than to do…句型
通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。
You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day. 你不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。
大学网考研频道。篇4：英语翻译技巧：比较结构
英语翻译技巧：比较结构
从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am taller than he.(我比他高)。因此，这里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。
一、as…as…句型
(一)as…as…句型
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“…和….一样”。
My parcel is as heavy as yours.
我的包裹和你的包裹一样重。
She is as much interested in music as ever.
她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。
The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly.
近，我国的经济发展和以前一样稳定。
(二)not as (or so)…as…句型
跟as…as…句型相反的结构not as (or so)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者，所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。
My uncle is not as (or so) tall as your father.
我叔叔不如你父亲高。
People are not so honest as they once were.
人们现在不如过去那样诚实了。
(三)not so much …as…句型
not so much …as…这个结构表示的基本意义和not as (or so)…as…一样，但是通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。
He was not so much angry as disappointed.
他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。(可以理解为：“他的生气不如失望多”，就是说“他更多的是失望，愤怒是其次。”)
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
海洋与其说是把世界分割开来，还不如说是把世界连接在一起。
(四)not so much as…句型
not so much as…这个结构相当于“not even…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。请注意与not so much …as…这个结构的区别。
He didn’t so much as ask me to set down.
他甚至没有请我坐下。
He cannot so much as spell a word.
他甚至连一个词也不会写.
He hadn’t so much as his fare home.
他甚至连回家的路费都没有了。
二、比较级+ than to do…句型
由比较级与than to do sth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。
You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.
你不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。
I have more sense than to tell him about our plan.
我不至于傻到会把我们的计划告诉他。
I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes.
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。
三、more…than…句型
(一)more A than B句型
more A than B通常用于同一个人或者事物在两个不同性质或者特征上面的比较。翻译为“与其说B，不如说A”。类似的结构还有less A than B，翻译为“与其说A，不如说B”，请注意这两个结构中“与其实说”与“不如说”的对象，即A与B两者的在翻译中的位置。
He is more good than bad.
与其说他很坏，不如说他很好。
He is less good than bad.
与其说他很好，不如说他很坏。
He is more a writer than a teacher.
与其说他是老师，不如说他是作家。
(二)more than…句型
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该用不同的汉语词来翻译。
1.more than后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。
I have known him for more than twenty years.
我已经认识她二十多年了。
I have more than ten dollars in my pocket.
我口袋里还有十多美元。
2.more than后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。
He is more than a father to her.
他待她胜过父亲。
He more than smiled, but laughed.
他不只是微笑，而是放生大笑。
3.more than后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。
She was more than kind to us.
他对我们非常友好。
He was more than upset by the accident.
这个意外事故让他非常心烦。
4.more than… can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。
That is more than I can understand.
那件事情，我实在是不明白。
The cold was more than the children could bear.
寒冷是孩子们所不能忍受的。
(三)no more …than…句型
no more …than…句型在意义上与not any more than….一样，表示对两者都否定，所以可以翻译为“…和….一样不，不…正如…，既不…也不…，…和…两者都不”。跟no more …than…句型相近，但是意义相反的句型是no less…than…，可以翻译为“既是…，也是…，两者都是…”。
His grammar is no better than mine.
他的语法同我的一样不好。
He is no more a writer than a painter.
他既不是画家也不是作家。
He is no less a writer than a painter.
他既是画家也是作家。
I am no more a poet than he is a scholar.
我不是诗人，正如他不是学者一样。
翻译资格考试笔译三级练习题
Are you interested in seeing the beautiful fall foliage of New England but tired of traffic jams and overbooked hotels? Then this year forget the crowds in New England and see the beautiful colors of autumn in the Catskills.
These rugged mountains in New York State, just 90 miles northwest of New York City, are famous for the legendary tales of Rip Van Winkle, and more recently for the summer hotels that sprang up in the region during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Families trying to escape the heat of New York City found the Catskills to be the perfect place to stay for a month or so each summer. By the late 1950s there were over 500 resorts and hotels offering nighttime entertainment as well as all kinds of outdoor activities. Famous comedians like Jackie Gleason, Joan Rivers, and Sid Caesar all got their start touring the hotel clubs here. Since the introduction of air-conditioning and cheaper air travel, however, families have stopped coming to the Catskills in such large numbers, choosing instead more distant locations at different times of the year. Many of the Catskills hotels closed in the 1970s, but some remain and have expanded and changed their facilities to meet the needs of today’s visitors.
Currently, there are many activities available to the traveler besides witnessing the changing colors of the leaves. There is an all-organic sheep farm where visitors can see how a traditional sheep farm operates. There are also hundreds of miles of scenic drives in the area. Route 42, for instance, is an excellent site for spotting bald eagles. For more information on vacations in the Catskills, call the Office of Public Information.
61. The author’s main purpose is to ________.
A. promote the Catskills as a vacation destination
B. introduce visitors to famous Catskills entertainers
C. describe the history of the Catskills region
D. compare the Catskills to New England
62. The word “rugged” underlined in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. barren
B. rough
C. tall
D. lush
63. According to the passage, the decline in the number of resorts in the 1970s was caused by ________.
A. television
B. shorter vacations
C. affordable air travel
D. more traffic
64. The phrase “sprang up” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to something that has ________.
A. burst forth
B. spread out
C. operated vigorously
D. joined together
65. In what season would a tourist most likely have visited the Catskills in the 1950s?
A. Fall.
B. Winter.
C. Spring.
D. Summer.
66. The author’s tone in this passage is ________.
A. light and encouraging
B. informative and scientific
C. humorous and skeptical
D. regretful and reminiscent
67. From the passage, what might a visitor be lucky enough to do?
A. See fall leaves in color.
B. See a kind of bird.
C. Work on a sheep farm.
D. Drive on scenic roads.
68. The word “drives” underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. excursions
B. tracks
C. paths
D. canyons
69. The word “spotting” underlined in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. photographing
B. seeing
C. painting
D. shooting
70. The author implies that in the Catskills there are few ________.
A. leaves
B. eagles
C. people
D. sheep
参考答案：
61. A 62.B 63. C 64. A 65. D
66. A 67.B 68. A 69. B 70. C
20catti笔译三级强化练习题
Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire” is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read. The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect. Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans. The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom… these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions. However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences. To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.
81.The central idea of the above passage is that ________.
A. attitudes affect our actions
B. teachers are important in developing or changing pupils’ attitudes
C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences
D. by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils’ attitudes
82. The word “despot” underlined in Paragraph 2 means a person ________.
A. who enjoys a high reputation
B. who is very successful in politics
C. with unlimited powers
D. who deposits a large sum of money in a bank
83. The pupils’ attitudes are NOT influenced by ________.
A. their parents’ persuasion to behave properly
B. their teachers’ attitudes
C. the speeches they hear and the books they read
D. such media as social studies, science matter and classroom atmosphere
84. It can be inferred from the passage that the pupils ________.
A. usually study a certain subject in greater details at home than at school
B. usually do not study a certain subject at home
C. study the subjects only at school
D. study a subject more deeply at school than at home
85. The example of the pupils’ learning about Mexico shows that ________.
A. a child usually learns the right things from their teachers
B. a teacher can correct a pupil’s wrong ideas
C. a teacher’s attitude can influence a child’s attitude by teaching
D. a child’s attitude is very changeable
86. The author implies that ________.
A. the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude
B. in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades
C. people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than emotion
D. children’s attitudes often come from those of other children
87. A statement made or implied in the passage is that ________.
A. attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods
B. a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importance of brushing his teeth
C. attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures
D. the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by their teachers
88. The passage specifically states that ________.
A. direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones
B.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at home
C. teachers should always conceal their own attitudes
D. teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children
89. From the last paragraph, we can see that ________.
A. a teacher’s influence on children is always positive
B. children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions by ignoring objective facts
C. if improperly handled, a teacher’s influence can be very harmful to the children
D. children may develop prejudices if the teacher’s attitude is wrong
90. The author of this passage tries to ________.
A. present certain facts of how the development of a person’s attitude can be influenced
B. how that our society is not doing enough to help children shape their attitudes
C. point out that teachers are the only people who can influence the children’s attitudes
D. prove that speeches and books are the only factors to indoctrinate children
参考答案：
81. B 82.C 83. A 84. D 85. C
86. B 87.D 88. D 89. C 90. A
英语翻译
篇5：考研英语翻译比较结构讲解
比较结构作为考研中一个非常重要的知识点，经常出现在翻译、阅读考点句等很重要的地方。如果不能正确理解比较结构，会出现有些句子理解完全相反或者根本无法理解的现象。因此掌握比较结构的应用至关重要。然而经过基础阶段的学习，大家虽然都对比较结构有了初步的学习和了解，但是很多同学还是经常会被混乱的比较结构短语或句型弄得晕头转向，根本不知道怎么理解、怎么翻译。本文将对比较结构进行分类规整，让大家再也不会被繁杂凌乱的比较结构所困扰。比较结构分为以下两大类：
一、表示两类事物一样时，有以下结构：
1. as... as...：和……一样……
2. as much / many…as…：和……一样多的……
3. no less...than ...(=not any less...than...)：和……一样都……
4. no more...than ...(=not any more...than...)：和……一样不……
二、表示两类事物不同时，有以下结构：
1. more …than...：比……多，比……更加;与其说是(后者)，不如说是(前者)
2. less …than...(=not so much...as...)：比……少;与其说是(前者)，不如说是(后者)
3. not so... as...：是(后者)，不是(前者)
比较结构在考研中的应用比较灵活，如果仅仅是对比较结构的短语死记硬背，那么在考试时遇到句子还是不能理解。因此，对比较结构的分析显得尤为重要。接下来将以真题句子为例，给大家演示比较结构句子如何分析，如何理解。
例1：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (第49题)
【分析】
A. 句子拆分：But his primary task is not // to think about the moral code//, which governs his activity, //any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
本句的主语为his primary task，is not是系动词，to think about the moral code是表语，which governs his activity定语从句，修饰the moral code;any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business是比较状语从句。
B. 词义确定：moral code道德准则;dedicate to致力于，献身于;exploration探究，探讨
C. 参考译文：但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德准则，就如同我们不能指望商人专注于探讨行业规范一样。
D. 技巧点拨：本题考查的是no more than 的变体not…any more than，这两个结构都是表示两个事物之间的类比关系，由上下文可判断这里类比的对象是his primary task和businessman。该结构表示两者都否定。因此，主句需要否定，译为“他的主要任务不是……”，而且从句里谓语is expected是肯定形式，但翻译时一定要译成否定“不能指望”。
例2：Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool. [1994年第71题]
【分析】
A. 句子拆分：Science moves forward, they say, not so much // through the insights of great men of genius // as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.
句中they say为插入语;Science是句子的主语，moves forward为谓语, not so much…as…是比较结构;其中，through the insights of great men of genius和because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool为被比较对象。
B. 词义确定：move forward前进，发展;insight洞察力，深刻见解;genius天才
C. 参考译文：他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。
D. 技巧点拨：本题考查的是not so much A as B 这一比较句型。比较的对象是两个介词短语：through the insights of great men of genius 和because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool，是对science moves forward(科学发展)这个事情的两种途径进行比较，即同一事物的两个方面进行比较，所以此比较结构译为“与其说……不如说……”。
综上所述，在强化阶段，要掌握以上两大类比较结构，除了记住这些表达之外，最主要的是要多在例句中对各个表达进行理解记忆。只要能在理解的基础上记忆，做到灵活运用以上短语，那么考生在考试中碰到任何的比较结构时，都不会再出现束手无策的现象，从此比较结构再也不是考生谈之色变的话题。
篇6：考研英语翻译 插入结构
考研英语翻译也是考研英语中很重要的一个题型，下面是中国考研培训网整理的考研英语翻译提高笔记，关于插入结构句型的翻译方法。
插入结构
一、副词插入语
Apparently, it is going to rain.很明显，要下雨了。
Fortunately, I passed the examination.幸运的`是，我通过了考试。
Incidentally, your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting.顺便说一句，你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。
He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded.然而，他比较幸运，因为他只是受了点轻伤。
He is young. He has much experience in teaching English, though.他很年轻，但是他有丰富的英语教学经验。
考研英语翻译提高 二、形容词短语作插入语
一般翻译为“…的是，…”这样的结构。
Most important of all, computers create wide communication around the world.最重要的是，计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。
I slept late yesterday morning; worse still, my bike was out of order.昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是，我的自行车坏了。
Strange enough, he doesn’t know that famous writer.奇怪的是，他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。
三、介词短语作插入语
all in all(总而言之)，as a matter of fact(事实上)，as a result(结果)，at worst(在最坏的情况下)，by the way(顺便说一句)，first of all(首先)，for example(例如)，in conclusion(总之，最后)，in fact(事实上)，in effect(实际上)，in my opinion(依我我看来，我认为)，in other words(换句话说，换言之)，in short(简言之)，to my delight(让我高兴的是)，to one’s amazement(使某人惊讶的是)，to one’s deep regret(使某人深感遗憾的是)，to one’s relief(使某人感到欣慰的是)，to one’s surprise(使某人感到吃惊的是)等。
China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.事实上，中国已经在许多方面赶上和超过了世界先进水平。
What happen to him, by the way?顺便问一句，他后来怎么样了?
大学网考研频道。篇7：考研英语翻译: 强调结构
考研英语翻译: 强调结构
1 Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.2 Thus, in the American economic system it is the demands of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
3 Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine, especially if it be wrapped in white paper by a clever chemist,
4 The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.
5 It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization, for the study of the whole human civilization.
6 It is when the control over immediate environment is threatened, or violated in some way by other road users that anger and rage result.
7 When I try to understand what it is that it prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one expects, it seems to me that there are two causes.
8 It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.
9 It was after reading Adam Smith’s The wealth of Nations that Jim Green became fascinated buy the economic theory.
10 It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.
篇8：从考研英语翻译真题看三大从句译法
从考研英语翻译真题看三大从句译法
从对近三年考研命题形式以及翻译试题的分析来看，考研翻译体裁固定，但内容广泛。主要涉及人们所普遍关心的社会、政治、经济、文化、科技、道德、历史、文化、哲学、心理等问题。从考查方向来看，更加注重考查考生的综合能力。从句型结构来看，相对复杂，词义灵活多变。跨考教育英语教研室杨老师认为，尽管考查点比较灵活多变，但主要还是以长难句、结构复杂句为主，以考查学生根据上下文准确理解概念并用汉语正确予以表达的能力为主。
英语的三大从句是：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。由于它们本身就是句子，放到大的句子中会让句子变得复杂，从而也增加了翻译的信息量和难度。由于此部分是考试的重点也是难点，杨老师将对这三大从句分别进行讲解。
（1）名词性从句的译法
名词性从句通常表达一种具体的概念，如“how things stand”实际上是表达“情况”这一概念，如果直译为“事物是如何站着的”就不准确，同时也违背了原意。所以通常采用概略法来翻译，使从句陈述的`内容更明确化。
例：While we converse with what is above us, we do not grow old, but grow young.
译文：与高于自己的思想进行交流，人不会变得年老，只会变得年轻。
（2）定语从句的译法
在翻译英语的定语从句特别是复杂的定语从句时，最基本的方法是把它从整个句子结构中解放出来，即把原文的定语从句从其修饰地位中分离出来，使其相对独立地叙述所要表达的信息。从结构上分，英语定语从句可以译为前置定语、并列分句、状语从句、独立句子等。在的真题中有这样一个句子：
On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
译文：另一方面，法律以一种方式把这些观念同日常实际联系起来――这种方式类似于新闻记者在报道以及评论新闻时根据日常规则所形成的联系方式。
我们可以看出这个定语从句已从整个句子结构中脱离出来，并用破折号表明。
（3）状语从句的译法
英语的状语从句无论在结构外形上还是内涵表意上都与汉语的状语从句大致对等，这里只强调几个应该注意的问题：
①连词能省则省，只要能把意思说清楚，尽量不使用连词。
②如果条件或让步状语从句在整句中语气较弱，可以把主句译在前面，从句译在后面。
③状语从句的位置可以灵活变动，以便使译文更流畅。
另外，不常见的人名、地名可以保留原文。万一遇到不认识的词，最好忽略不译，切忌胡乱翻译。最后，跨考教育希望大家学有所成，考研顺利！
。篇9：考研英语翻译: 非谓语结构
考研英语翻译: 非谓语结构
1 This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.2 Twenty or thirty pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925 would have been sufficient to change the course of world history.
3 An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.
4 In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
5 In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.”
6 Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
7 His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.
8 The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits as new idea.
9 The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world’s rain forest does not seem surprising, considering the huge number of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.
10 Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements---themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
篇10：考研英语翻译知识 句型结构
考研英语翻译必备知识 句型结构
作为一项复杂的脑力劳动，翻译有时比创作都难，常常让人觉得绞尽脑汁仍难以满意。任何做翻译的人，恐怕都会有过“两句三年得，一吟双泪流”的感慨。但是，对于考研的学生来说，要在高度紧张的十几分钟内阅读一篇400词的文章并翻译大概150词(5句话)，是没有足够的时间和精力来字斟句酌的。许多考生都觉得：在做翻译时，理解英语已不容易，要用中文表达更是困难。那么，如何才能在考研英语考试中正确地理解英文并将其“准确、通顺、完整”地表达成地道的中文呢?我们认为，对于参加考研的学生来说，除了增加自己的词汇量和文化知识储备之外，还要努力学习一些有关英语句型结构方面的基本知识，这是因为任何英译汉的翻译方法和技巧都是基于对英语句子结构的正确分析和理解基础之上的。任何脱离英语句子结构的翻译都不可能达到“准确、通顺、完整”的翻译标准。所以，对于每位参加考研的考生来说，利用平时的时间认真研究英文的句型结构及其与汉语的区别是做好考研翻译题的最佳捷径，是以不变应万变的完全之策。
一、英语的基本句型(简单句)
句子都是由一些词按照一定的顺序组成的，这种组合是有一定规律可循的。研究表明，英语语句的规律性是非常明显的，它一般是以动词为核心的。所以，按照英语中的动词的类型(五种，即：不及物动词、系动词、单宾动词、双宾动词和复合动词)可以把英语句型划分为五种基本的句型。
1.主语+不及物动词 (SV句型)
【例句】 The girl is crying.
【译法】 可以直接顺译成汉语。
2.主语+系动词+主补(SVC句型，“系动词+主补”也合称为复合谓语)
【例句】 The food tastes good.
【译法】 可以直接顺译成汉语。
3【例句】 Mike had finished his homework.
【译法】 基本上可以直接顺译成汉语。
4.主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOO句型)
【例句】 He bought me a book.
【译法】 大致可以顺译为汉语的双宾语结构。
5.主语 + 复合动词 + 宾语 + 宾补(SVOC句型)
【例句】 The professor advised me to read more books.
【译法】 基本上都可以顺译为汉语的兼语句。
以上是英语中的五个基本句型，其他的句型都可以看作是这些句型的变体。比如：He put the book on the desk.这句话虽然不能直接归于以上五种句型，但可以把它看作是句型3的拓展。
二、英语中的复杂句
(一)并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成，一般由并列连词、连接副词或逗号、分号、冒号等将各分句连接起来。例如：
【例1】 The earth is one of the sun’s planets and the moon is our satellite. (连词and 连接)
【译文】地球是太阳系的一个行星，月亮是我们的卫星。(顺译)
【例2】 She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working. (连接副词nevertheless引导)
【译文】她很累了，但仍然坚持工作。(顺译)
【例3】 Heavy clouds rose slowly from the horizon; thunder drummed in the distance. (用分号连接)
【译文】浓云从地平线缓缓升起，远处雷声隆隆。
上述并列句都是简单的并列句，都由一些简单句构成。如果在其中的任一分句中加入其他的从句成分，就可以变成一个比较复杂的复合句。例如：
【例4】 While the men worked to strengthen the dam, the rain continued to fall; and the river, which was already well above its normal level, rose higher and higher.
【分析】这是由两个分句(用冒号连接)组成的并列句，各个分句都有自己的从句，所以是一个复合句。第一个分句中有一个while引导的时间状语从句，第二个分句中有一个which引导的非限制性定语从句。其主干就是：The rain continued to fall and the river rose higher and higher,其他都可以看成是附加成分。
【译文】 当人们正在加固河堤的时候，雨还在不停地下;河水已经远远超过了正常水位，涨得越来越高了。
在实际生活和考试中，这样的语言现象是屡见不鲜的，比这复杂的句子也比比皆是。考研翻译的一个主要目的`就是要“测试考生理解英语复杂句子结构的能力”。但是，如果考生能够掌握各种基本的句子结构(包括简单并列句和简单复合句)，理清它们之间的层次关系，不管多么复杂的句子结构，都可以迎刃而解。这也是本章写作的主要目的。
(二)复合句
复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，从句必须由关联词引导(有时可以省略)，是附属成分，但有自己的主语和谓语部分。例如：When I got there they had left for Shanghai.这句话中主句是they had left for Shanghai，从句是when I got there。
按照从句在句子中的功能，可以将从句分为三大类：名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)、状语从句和定语从句。
1. 状语从句
状语从句的引导词是一种表示逻辑关系的词语，明确表明了主从句之间的关系，可以根据汉语的习惯直接译出，或不译。鉴于状语从句的逻辑关系的复杂性，又是考研的重点，所以后面有专门论述，此处仅举几个简单的例子。例如：
【例5】 She spoke loudly in order that everyone could hear clearly. ( in order that 是表示目的的关联词)
【译文】她讲得很大声，以便人人都能听清楚。
【例6】 Immediately he arrives, I will ask him what happened. (immediately 是表示时间的关联词，相当于as soon as)
【译文】他一来，我就会问他发生了什么事情。
2. 定语从句
定语从句是英语中最重要、最复杂的从句之一。根据与主句关系的紧密性，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句虽然看起来都是做定语，但有时却与主句存在某种逻辑关系，特别是非限制性定语从句，需要仔细对待，理清两者之间的关系。
【例7】 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. (which引导的定语从句与主句是并列关系)
【译文】水是一种清澈的液体，它有很多用途。
【例8】 We can read of things that happened thousands of years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. (where 引导的定语从句与主句有明显的因果关系)
【译文】因为近东的人们最早学会使用文字，所以我们可以知道几千年前发生在那里的事情。
一般来说，定语从句都是紧跟在其先行词之后的，但有时候定语从句并不紧跟其所修饰的先行词，而是被一些其他的词语隔开，成为隔离的定语从句。这种现象在书面语中很常见，是造成阅读理解和翻译的难点所在，也是考研翻译的重点，要特别留意。例如：
【例9】A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you English. (定语从句不是紧跟在其修饰的先行词teacher之后，而是被will come tomorrow 分割，置于句尾，表示强调)
【译文】明天有一位新老师来教你们英语。
对于这样的定语从句，可以依据以下方法来判断：根据先行代词或先行副词来确定先行词。因为先行词一般是名词、代词或相当于名词的词，所以只要在先行代词或先行副词之前找到名词、代词或相当于名词的词，将其代替先行代词或先行副词置于定语从句中便可以验证先行词的真伪。例如：
【例10】We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.
【分析】该句中的两个which都是定语从句的先行代词，第一个代替science,第二个代替哪个单词呢?正常而言，应该是matter,但事实上代替chemical change。如果你将matter置于从句中，没有因果关系(as a result of)，所以只能是chemical change。
【译文】我们可以把化学定义为关于物质化学变化的科学，化学变化可能会形成新的物质。
【例11】Mike told her the story of the young pilot which I narrated at the beginning of this book.
【分析】此句中的the young pilot 把which与其先行词story分割开，因为如果先行词是pilot，则不能用which代替，只能用who或that。
【译文】迈克把我在书本开头讲过的那个关于一位青年飞行员的故事讲给她听。
此外，定语从句中还有一种较难理解的情况，即：含有一个定语从句的定语从句。这种定语从句被称为复合定语从句，其所含的从句结构多由主语加表看法或意见的谓语动词组成，是整个定语从句的一个组成部分。复合定语从句的主语可以省略，也可以不省略。例如：
【例12】He is just the type I always knew would attract her. (省略主语的复合定语从句)
【译文】我一向知道他正是会吸引她的那种类型。
或：他正是我一向知道的会吸引她的那种类型。
【分析】该句有三个谓语部分，即一个系表结构、knew和would attract,但没有任何连接词，所以可以判断是省略了两个连接词。仔细研究，可知：I always knew would attract her是一个省略掉主语that的复合定语从句，其中I always knew 应该是that would attract her的一个定语从句，完整的句子应该是：He is just the type that that I always knew would attract her。第一个that既是复合定语从句的先行代词，也是复合定语从句的主
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