考研英语主旨题解题 运用文章结构把握主题
“窝子”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了8篇考研英语主旨题解题 运用文章结构把握主题,下面是小编整理后的考研英语主旨题解题 运用文章结构把握主题,欢迎大家阅读借鉴,并有积极分享。
篇1:考研英语主旨题解题 运用文章结构把握主题
考研英语主旨题解题 运用文章结构把握主题
运用文章的宏观结构把握文章主题。如问题答案型的文章,文章一开头提出问题,那么答案就是该篇文章的主题。
把每一段主题叠加在一起就是文章的主题。
主旨题型的'标志:出现mainly about; best title; purpose等这样的单词
主旨题找答案的三大原则:
1、文章的中心词或同义词必须出现;
2、文章中的细节不能出现;
3、文中未提及的信息不能出现。
小心首末段陷阱:当有一个选项是文章首段或者末段的高度浓缩时,该选项有可能是一个诱惑选项,因为第一段很有可能只是引子,不是文章的主题,最后一段也很有可能只是一个分论点而已。
如第三篇文章开头直接出现了问题Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?为什么美国人不相信他们在报纸上所读到东西?那么原因就是主题,选项B就是正确答案。
59. What is the passage mainly about?
[A] needs of the readers all over the world
[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry
[D] aims of a journalism credibility project
再如第五篇:
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy)。
70. The passage is mainly about ________.
[A] the features of volcanic activities
[B] the importance of the theory about drifting plates
[C] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies(出现中心词hot spot,正确答案)
[D] the process of the formation of volcanoes
篇2:考研英语:解答主旨题重点在研读文章首段
考研英语:解答主旨题重点在研读文章首段
由于大纲要求读懂议论文和说明文,而真正的考研当中大概95%都是议论文,而考议论文的话,最重要的就是考议论文最具有标志性的东西,也就是说议论文主要考的就是论点和论据,那论点表现在题目上最有标志性的就是主旨大意题。很多同学反应文章的主旨比较难抓,以下我们英语教研室栾劲鹏老师从文章的结构入手,旨在给学生梳理清楚。
一篇文章的主旨往往会在文章的第一段或开头部分找到。作者会通过“首段提问法”、“转移重心法”、“独句段开头”、“类比开头”、“事例开头法”等约定俗称的方式暗示或引入主题。因此,解答主旨题时,大家要首先重点研读文章第一段。
1. 首段提问法
如果文章第一段的第一句话、最后一句话或者第二段第一句是一个疑问句,那么本文的主旨就很可能是对该问题的一个解答。在这里同学一定要注意的一点就是并列问句不是主旨。
2. 喜新厌旧类
如果文章第一段先描述一件事情,然后在本段或第二段首句出现转折词,进而表述另一件事情,那么本文主旨就是转折词之后的另一件事。这类题目多会考的一种题型是写作意图题。
如果文章开头引用、叙述个人经历、讲述故事、描写一起事故等方式举例。其目的显然是要通过举例的方法引出文章主题。通常情况下,这类文章的主题都会在首段或第二段的首句。
4. 类比开头法
如果一篇文章开头或第一段涉及一项内容A,随后或者第二段开头用到 “Now the same thing is happening to B”等表示类比的'句型,那么,这时可以确定本文主旨是B内容。
5. 独句段法
如果一篇文章的第一段是一句话,那么本文的主旨就是本句话所表达的内容。
6. 大众观点法
如果作者在文章的开头引用大众的或他人的观点,其目的显然是要通过大众或他人引出自己的观点。通常情况下,这类文章的主题会在表述大众观点或他人观点的句子之后。
7. 各段分述法
有些文章的第一段可能并没有采用上述方法来引入主题,这时可以考虑本篇文章是否采用了“各段分述,围绕主题”的方法。
总而言之,主旨类题在考研英语阅读理解中占据着相当重要的位置,能否正确理解文章主旨,对于作对阅读题具有绝对的指导性意义。希望大家能够在学了这些判断方法之后,将其应用于自己的学习实践,并不断取得进步!
篇3:考研英语态度题解题原则
考研英语态度题解题原则
》根据考研英语新大纲的要求,明年将继续延续今年的考试大纲要求。考纲中所说明的阅读六点技能要求没有变化,但是其中一条,“理解作者的意图、观点或态度”,考研英语(二)又具有自身的考题特点,英语考研辅导老师提醒广大的20的考生需注意以下三个原则。(1)客观理性原则
某一事物是好是坏,作者对它是支持、反对还是中立,态度一般都非常明确。问作者对某事物的态度时,表示“客观”的词多为正确选项。另外考试所选文章通常是理性的说明和论证,具有较强的逻辑性,作者对于所讨论话题的态度不会是及其偏激的。先好后坏,或先坏后好。
问作者对某事物的态度时,表示客观的词多为正确选项,如objective, impartial, unbiased等;问作者对其提到的人们的观点的态度时,答案只能是肯定或否定,支持或反对。如critical, approval, opposition, supporting等。
(2)关注责任原则
既然写了文章,那么作者的'态度就不可能漠不关心,因此见到indifferent, uninterested 这类词可以首先排除。而成为正确选项的最安全选项是concerned。这类题目抓住基本特征,是属于必得的分数。一般带有绝对化或表示过于强烈的态度的词必错,如strong, complete, entire, enthusiastic等。而有所保留的态度比较客观,因此常常是正确选项,如:reserved(保留的),qualified(有限制的,有条件的)等。
(3)主旨相关原则
作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联。
考研频道:kaoyan/篇4:考研英语阅读 如何破解主旨大意题
考研英语阅读 如何破解主旨大意题
主旨大意,顾名思义就是考查考生是否能够把握一篇文章的主题和中心思想。对于一篇说明文或者议论文来说,主旨就是文章旨在说明的事物、现象或者进行讨论和论证的问题,因此对这种整体能力的要求使得主旨大意题成为命题者每年都会出题的一种重要题型。
一般的中心思想题都要求考生推断全文的大意(mainly about, main idea),或者采取一种迂回的方式,即问从第一段或者最后一段中可以推测出什么(learn,infer)。此外,还有一种形式,就是要求考生从答案选项中选出最适合该篇文章的一个标题(best title)。这也是中心思想题的一种变化了的问法,因为一般文章标题的功能就在于用比较简洁明了的词组来精确地概括了文章的大意。
这种题型一般数量不会很多,每篇文章中至多出现一道题目。在考研阅读理解一篇文章的四道题目中,中心思想题一般都作为第一题或者最后一题出现。当作为第一题时,一般相对应考查的是文章第一段的内容,当然有的时候也有例外情况。当作为最后一题时,有可能考查最后一段的内容、也有可能考查全文的总体情况,要视具体情况而定。这种题型的提问方式多种多样,考生应学会辨认,同时要在平时随时训练自己概括文章中心思想的能力。
其具体应对技巧如下:
1.关注段落首句,尤其是第一段的首句,这与西方人的思维习惯是相关的。东方人喜欢深沉,而西方人恰恰相反,他们习惯开门见山地表达出自己所要说明的主要对象或论述的主要观点,然后广泛引用材料去论证。因此,一般而言,首段中带有概括性的第一句通常构成文章的中心句,而各段的首句则构成各段落的中心。例如:
1995 Text2:Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price……
text4:No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week.
text3:The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.
2.关注段落末句。有些作者习惯先列出一些传统观点或先对一些具体现象进行说明,然后提出与之不同的.观点或在结尾对现象进行总结,在接下来的段落中作进一步论述。对于这类文章,如果作者没有提出不同的观点,则最后总结句为文章中心;一旦提出不同的或完全对立的观点,又在后文中加以论述,则作者提出的新观点为文章中心;如果新老观点均是对同一个结果的论述,那么该论述的结论为文章中心。例如:
1995text2这篇文章首先从“forgetting”的对立面“remembering”谈起,然后逐步转移到谈论的中心“forgetting”,从文中可以看出,文章中心转移到“forgetting”之后,文章基本忽略掉“remembering”。
3.当文中直接找不出主题句时,通常文章中作者给予叙述较多或强调较多的即为文章论述的中心;或最简单的办法是,当你粗略的通读一遍文章之后反问自己,这篇文章讲的是什么?你能回答出的这个“什么就是文章中心,或者至少是中心包含的内容”。
最后,提醒大家,一篇文章的中心主旨是考生必须掌握的内容,同学需要在平时的练习过程中练习自己找全文主旨和段落主旨的能力,因为很多时候,把握了主旨很多题便迎刃而解。
篇5:考研英语 把握整体结构 落实细节
考研英语 把握整体结构 落实细节
考研英语 阅读理解“七步精进法”
对许多英语比较薄弱,又想考上名校研究生的同学来说,现阶段的英语复习是至关重要的。这个时候,政治考试大纲还没有公布,专业课的'复习也还没有眉目,正是全面复习英语知识,夯实英语基础的最佳时机。但是,很多同学在这个阶段,英语学习计划性目的性不强,复习的状态要么是无处下手,要么是东一榔头西一棒槌,毫无重点,等到天气一天天热起来,紧张的暑期复习来临时,才发现在英语上时间花的不少,成效却不大。我们的考研辅导专家张洪兵老师提醒考生,现在大家复习英语最重要的就是把握整体架构,逐渐落实细节,大家在复习过程中一定要注意把握复习的节奏(考|研教育网整理)。
不必从头开始
很多同学在复习考研英语时,总会割裂英语应试准备和平时英语学习的关系,认为准备考试就一定要重打锣鼓另开张,从头学起。其实,对于绝大多数已经完成大学英语四个学期的学习,英语阅读和写作能力有一定基础的同学来说,准备考研英语完全可以从自己大一大二学过的英文教材着手。所谓“温故而知新”,在回顾大学英语课程教材的时候,即使我们做不到“知新”,预热的效果也能达到。大家从小学开始学习英语,一直到现在,英语基础不能说很强,但也不是完全没有,因此大家在复习时一定要对自己有一个全面客观的认识,不能盲目下手。
根据自身情况选择合适教材
从头到尾,一字不落的通读不一定有很好的效果。张洪兵老师建议考生重点看主要的课文和课文后的单词。有些练习也可以做做,不要太在意准确率,主要是熟悉下英语行文的方式和文章的篇章结构。对于自我感觉英语水平不错的同学,回顾大学英语课本的工作可以少占用点时间,而把时间和精力多投入到广泛阅读中去。至于阅读的素材,大家可以适当地阅读一些英语读物,或者去一些品牌考研网站进行搜索。如果有同学感觉自己英语水平确实不赖,考研英语的目标在80分以上,那么也可以适当地看点英语原版的小说,来扩充自己的阅读量。一定要会看书,不能一天到晚捧着书本却一个字也没记住,看书看教材都要让自己得到应有的收获,不然宝贵的复习时间就白白浪费掉了。
篇6:考研英语:如何恰当运用考研真题
考研英语:如何恰当运用考研真题
有言曰:以史为镜,可以知兴替;以人为镜,可以明得失。考研英语的备考与复习亦是如此。相想必每个考研人都曾求助于过来人,也就是我们的学长学姐,他们能给我们他们学习英语的方法与复习规划。但是,在听他人建议的时候,需要结合个人自身的实际情况来展开,否则方法正确却不适合自己,等于白忙活一场。建议很好,但不能完全彻底地照搬照抄,需要将建议调整修改,然后再实施,方为佳也。这就是所谓“以人为镜”的关键之处。那“以史为镜”呢?以史为镜即是之前考过的历年考研英语真题,是非常关键重要的内容。接下来,具体和大家介绍真题该怎么看,怎么学。
凝炼精细
大家都知道,考研英语初期备考阶段主要是打基础,夯实根基。正因如此,初期对待真题,就不是为了做题而做题了,不是做了几百套,几千套题,更何况真题并没有那么多。既然是打基础,那就是通过真题学习单词的运用,掌握语法的考法,提升英语的总体水平。如何做到呢?王老师给大家一个标准,可作为参考:历年真题,不留单词,不留句子。什么意思呢?初级阶段,拿早年真题(比如94-的真题),重点不放在做题上,放在查单词,记单词的运用上;重点不在于做对题,在于看句子结构,分析语法点。一套真题做完,能保证做到,随便点一个单词都认识,随便点一个句子都知道其结构。这才是凝炼精细,将真题做到极致,做到精细。
总结拔高
初期阶段的基础很重要,有了扎实的.英语基础,然后再去做题,那相对来说也会比较顺利。在后期的英语复习时,重点就要放在拿分上了。如何拿分?通过最新的约真题(05-15)来找规律。当然,这些新题的词汇和语法仍然很重要,但是童鞋们要有主次之分。这个时候主要的工作不是认单词,学语法,这个阶段是要分析命题规律,明晰答案位置,准确掌握命题人的命题思路。只有如此,才能将初期的基础和后期的思路结合起来,达到完备的英语复习。并且,在复习这些真题时,注意总结其规律性,把握共性特征。唯有如此,才能获得考研英语的突飞猛进,才能真正拿到2016考研英语试卷上所期望的高分。
篇7:考研英语主旨题找答案三大原则
考研英语主旨题找答案三大原则
运用文章的宏观结构把握文章主题。如问题答案型的.文章,文章一开头提出问题,那么答案就是该篇文章的主题。
把每一段主题叠加在一起就是文章的主题。
主旨题型的标志:出现mainly about; best title; purpose等这样的单词
主旨题找答案的三大原则:
1、文章的中心词或同义词必须出现;
2、文章中的细节不能出现;
3、文中未提及的信息不能出现。
小心首末段陷阱:当有一个选项是文章首段或者末段的高度浓缩时,该选项有可能是一个诱惑选项,因为第一段很有可能只是引子,不是文章的主题,最后一段也很有可能只是一个分论点而已。
如第三篇文章开头直接出现了问题Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?为什么美国人不相信他们在报纸上所读到东西?那么原因就是主题,选项B就是正确答案。
59. What is the passage mainly about?
[A] needs of the readers all over the world
[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry
[D] aims of a journalism credibility project
再如第五篇:
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy)。
70. The passage is mainly about ________.
[A] the features of volcanic activities
[B] the importance of the theory about drifting plates
[C] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies(出现中心词hot spot,正确答案)
[D] the process of the formation of volcanoes
篇8:考研英语态度题解题方法技巧
考研英语态度题解题方法技巧
》根据2012年考研英语新大纲的要求,明年将继续延续今年的考试大纲要求。考纲中所说明的阅读六点技能要求没有变化,但是其中一条,“理解作者的意图、观点或态度”,考研英语(二)又具有自身的考题特点,提醒广大的2012年的考生需注意以下三个原则。(1)客观理性原则
某一事物是好是坏,作者对它是支持、反对还是中立,态度一般都非常明确。问作者对某事物的态度时,表示“客观”的词多为正确选项。另外考试所选文章通常是理性的说明和论证,具有较强的逻辑性,作者对于所讨论话题的态度不会是及其偏激的。先好后坏,或先坏后好。
问作者对某事物的态度时,表示客观的词多为正确选项,如objective, impartial, unbiased等;问作者对其提到的人们的观点的态度时,答案只能是肯定或否定,支持或反对。如critical, approval, opposition, supporting等。
(2)关注责任原则
既然写了文章,那么作者的态度就不可能漠不关心,因此见到indifferent, uninterested这类词可以首先排除。而成为正确选项的最安全选项是concerned。这类题目抓住基本特征,是属于必得的分数。一般带有绝对化或表示过于强烈的态度的词必错,如strong, complete, entire, enthusiastic等。而有所保留的态度比较客观,因此常常是正确选项,如:reserved(保留的), qualified(有限制的,有条件的.)等。
(3)主旨相关原则
作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联。
真题示例:
Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors ― habits ― among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hand instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to ― Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever ― had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day ― chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins ― are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to make new products commercially viable.”
Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is .
[A] indifferent [B] negative [C] positive [D] biased
分析:根据关注责任原则,首先排除A、D选项。A选项Indifferent必然不会成为答案的中性词。类似的词还有suspicious, questionable, puzzled, neutral, uninterested, impersonal, detached, factual, impassive, ambivalent, partial, prejudiced, confused, perplexed。D选项Biased是必然不会成为答案的贬义词。
根据客观理性原则,可以成为正确答案的,有褒义含义的中性词,如Objective, impartial, surprised, amazed, supporting等;以及褒义词和贬义词,如pessimistic, disapproved, critical, skeptical,dubiously等往往是正确答案。
根据题干信号词advertisement on people’s habits可回文定位到第四段尾句和尾段首句两处,鉴于主观态度题的思路是关注出处信息的主观评论词,所以考生在这两个句子中应锁定shrewd (狡猾的,精明的)和ruthless(无情的,无休止的)两个形容词,因此作者态度是negative,选B。
考研频道:[InstallDir_ChannelDir]
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