为托福写作冲分的小技巧
“鳜鱼肥”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了6篇为托福写作冲分的小技巧,以下是小编帮大家整理后的为托福写作冲分的小技巧,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
篇1:为托福写作冲分的小技巧
为托福写作冲分的小技巧
在托福独立写作中,当我们已经根据已给题目确立了自己的观点,并且有了足够的分论点以此来支撑我们的中心论点后,我们就需要进行有理有据的论证来使我们的文章更加有充分的说服力。如果只是单纯给出中心论点和一些分论点,而说理论证不够充分,会让我们的文章显得非常空洞,不足以支撑我们的立场。自然,这样的托福写作文章是不会的高分的。由此我们就可以看出,充分的说理论证是多么的重要!
那么,论证到底怎么才能有说服力并且足够充分呢?
我们可以根据这样一个公式进行: 主题句+说理+举例(数据)+总结例子+(反面论述)= 充分论证
接下来我们来举一个实例:
Advertising is the most important cause of unhealthy eating habits.
我们用分类讨论的方法来写这道题, 按小孩子和成人分类讨论。
比如: 我们的主题句: 对于小孩子来说, 广告的确是他们不良饮食习惯的罪魁祸首。
说理:小孩子总是对新奇的东西充满好奇心,而且他们的辨识能力差,不能理解广告的真正意图。尤其一些不健康食物的广告,总是用夸张,诱人的手法大肆宣传。小孩子更容易被吸引。
举例: 麦当劳经常会在广告中夸大食品的尺寸和美味程度,有时候还会推出购买套餐送儿童玩具的广告宣传,很多小孩会因为想要品尝美味的食品或得到玩具而恳请父母带他们去吃这样的快餐。 而麦当劳的很多食品都是经过油炸处理的,而且调味料也是比较多的, 虽然好吃但是会使儿童一次性摄取过多热量而导致肥胖或者其它疾病。
总结例子:正是因为广告夸张和诱人的营销手段,使得小孩子容易被吸引,从而导致他们养成不良饮食习惯。
反面论述:如果没有这些诱人的广告,小孩子就不会食用高热量油炸食品,也就不会使他们养成不良的饮食习惯。
通过上面的举例,我们就可以看出这样一个完整的论述是非常充分且有说服力的,因为它有前因有后果还有充分细节。这样就能使读者更认同的观点。当然我们的目的也就达到了。
托福写作辅导提出在论述过程中,如果我们时间有限,在举例的时候我们没必要冥思苦想引数据,只需要填补一些重点细节,来弥补字数的不足。同样的,反面论证也可以有取舍的使用,只要字数充足,时间允许即可。
托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析:购买房产还是投资商业?
托福写作难点话题一览
Buy a house or a business?
You have enough money to purchase either a house or a business. Which would you choose to buy? Give specific reasons to explain your choice.
写作思路展开结构分析
这道题目审题时候需要特别注意一点,那就是enough这个词本身是比较模糊含混(highly ambiguous)的词。并没有具体告诉你多少钱,所以这里小编建议大家可以采取it depends的策略,也就是要看钱的数量是多少来决定做什么。当然无视enough也不是不可以,但就需要把选择的理由和道理讲得更深入一些了。比如买房子可以用来孝敬父母;可以让全家享受;而且会增值;很少的风险。而做生意则可以锻炼能力;运营得好的话可以赚很多钱,能买更好的房子;但是风险很大。
本话题高分范文赏析
Choosing whether to buy a house or a business with saved money is a huge decision to make. There are many benefits to both of choices; however, I think that if I had enough money to buy one or the other, I would choose to buy a house.
When one buys a business, he/she is required to spend long, hard hours to ensure that the business is a success. Starting a business is no easy task, and statistics state that half of new businesses fail within the first year.
If one buys a house instead of a business, there is nothing that can fail. A house sometimes requires repairs, but usually such repairs can be done on one's own schedule.
A house is also an excellent investment. With the world population rising as quickly as it is, it is a very good idea to become a property owner. In the coming years, land will become more and more expensive, and therefore less attainable. Also, if one buys a house, it is likely that he/she will be able to sell it at a reasonable profit in the future. Providing for one's family is very important, and a house is a stable investment for a family.
Finally, owning a house is a good idea because it saves you from giving someone else money every month for your rent. Usually, when one buys a house, he/she has a mortgage that he/she must pay off in the coming years.
In most cases, the mortgage costs approximately the same amount of money as renting an apartment. It makes much more sense to pay for your own home, rather than adding to the wealth of someone else. In conclusion, I think it is a far better idea to buy a house rather than a business. A house requires less work, it is an excellent investment, and it allows you to keep your money by spending it on your own assets, rather than someone else's. In addition to these reasons, you can also rent out your house to someone else, thus creating an extra source of income for yourself.
托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析:看电影学风土人情
托福写作难点话题一览
What have you learned about a country from watching its movies?
Films can tell us a lot about the country where they were made. What have you learned about a country from watching its movies? Use specific examples and details to support your response.
写作思路展开结构分析
题目问的是从看电影中可以学到什么。而且具体问的是能够通过电影了解到这个国家的信息。一般来说能够从一部电影中展现出的地区和国家的多为风土人情之类的信息。当然这个国家的经济水平、科技水平、风俗习惯以及历史文化还有价值观念等等也都是比较容易从电影中看出来的。大家可以从这些角度来展开话题。
本话题高分范文赏析
One of the favorite pastimes of people today is watching movies. Movies can teach us a great amount about the world, especially if we watch movies from another culture. When watching a foreign movie, we can learn about the landscape and scenery of the country, the country's ethics and customs, and its historical events.
The world is a great and varied place, from the immense mountains of the Himalayas to the deserts of America. By watching movies, one can gain insight as to what these beautiful places are like. For example, I recently watched a number of movies filmed in America. I learned about the beautiful beaches of California, national parks such as Yellowstone and Niagara Falls, as well as man-made wonders such as the Statue of Liberty, Mount Rushmore, and the Golden Gate Bridge. Watching foreign movies is an excellent way to deduce where one wants to travel, if he/she has such an opportunity.
Watching movies also teaches us about a country's ethics and customs. For example, while watching American movies, I learned that children do not show as much respect to their parents as we do here in China. In some cases, children were very disrespectful of their elders, and ignored their wishes outright. I was shocked by this behavior. To give another example, I also learned about table manners in America, which are quite different from the rules we follow in China.
Furthermore, one can learn about a country's history by watching films. For instance, there are many movies that have been made about the wars in America, such as Gone With the Wind. Movies such as this show foreign viewers why America is the free and independent society that it is today. Hence, watching foreign movies is an excellent way to learn about faraway lands. One can learn about the landscape of a place, about its culture, as well as its history. Perhaps schools should consider watching foreign movies in classes to provoke interest from the students about such lands.
篇2:托福写作考场提分小技巧
托福写作考场提分小技巧
一.托福写作考试介绍
1.综合写作
托福综合写作不只是写作,它是一个综合考察项,由阅读、听力和写作三部分构成。考试中可能会让你阅读一篇有关学术性话题的短文,然后再听一名演讲者从不同的观点讨论这个话题。然后你要将所看到的听到的写出来,时间大约20分钟,字数要求为200字左右。
2.独立写作
独立写作纯粹考察写作能力,你要把一篇写作完成,通过某一个议题阐述和支持你的观点。在此主要是用具体细节来支持你的观点或选择,写作时间大约30分钟。
二.托福考场提分细节
1..心态平和,不要着急,30分钟足够完成托福作文,一般来说,考生可以用3-5分钟进行审题,22-26分钟进行托福作文的写作;留出1-3分钟来检查语句是否充分,是否有明显的语法错误。如果觉得时间紧张,考生根据托福机经和托福真题提前准备一些高分词汇及作文模板,以节省思考时间,不过,这个模板比较好是你自己总结出来的,不与别人雷同的新鲜模板;
2.写完作文之后问你是否提交本次成绩,不要点错,否则就白考了;
3.草稿可用铅笔来写。
4.注意把握时间。
托福考试作文范例:改变学校
托福考试作文范文:
If you could make one important change in a school that you attended, what change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
托福考试作文参考分析:
(1)提高效率;
(2)促进学生学习;
(3)更好的老师和学生的交流。
托福考试作文范文:
Talking of making an important change in my school, I'd like to suggest that our education system put more emphasis on the development of learning skills and applications of theories into practice instead of simply learning knowledge from books. The proposal is based on the reasons as follows.
For one thing, overemphasis on academic learning poses a threat because of confusing the purpose of learning. As school credit is usually considered the major criteria of academic learning, in a credit-driven school, one may try hard to learn simply for learning's sake. In other words, college students tend to blindly cram their brains with numerous texts and formulas while do not have a clear idea of what they really want to learn, why they need to learn, not to mention how the things they are learning are useful to the reality. An example is way that common ESL students learn English: they may spend several years in reciting grammar rules, but can hardly utter an English word in front of a foreigner.
Another reason that causes me to make the suggestion is the requirement of today's ever-changing knowledge economy time. With the increasingly accelerated pace of information explosion, one can hardly depend on knowledge from books that he or she has learned at school. Mastering learning skills and knowing how to apply the skills into practice are becoming indispensable than ever before. A recent survey conducted by educator shows that most students in our country lack the ability of using tools and solving problems compared with their counterparts in the United States. This informs us to take a serious look at our book-knowledge based education pattern.
In sum, it's high time for us to give a touch on our education pattern concerning the narrowness of book knowledge learning as well as the necessity of practical learning required by the contemporary world.
托福考试作文范例:父母应代替少年儿童作决定吗
托福考试作文题目:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
托福考试作文参考分析:
表明立场:这样的做法有一定的道理。支持这样的做法的理由:older teenage children还不够成熟(immature),考虑不够周全(inconsiderate),尤其涉及到经济相关的决定时,缺乏独立承担能力(incapable of being independent)。然而,“如何保证parents或者adult relatives所作的决定就是正确的”也是个问题。另外,总是把孩子排除在决定权之外,是否会使孩子变得“没能力做出任何决定”?the ability to make sound decision是人生道路上很重要的能力之一。
托福考试作文范文:
The issue of whether parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their teenage children arouses much controversy among people with different perspectives and backgrounds. Some people believe the statement is legitimate, because children are not mature and have not enough experiences to determine the optimal choice. On the other hand, people claim that nobody can control other's life even their parents. People should be responsible for their own behaviors and determine their lives. As far as I am concerned, I would like to refute the former and support the latter. In the following discussing, I would like to address some evidence to substantiate my point of view.
In the first place, the most important reason for me to choose this position is that old teenagers have their own thoughts and ideas. The fact that the thoughts of children are not perfect and logical does not mean their parents have right to eliminate their decision without considering the children's intentions. In the era of rapid social and technological changes leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, the good decision in parents' time would be out of data.
In the second place, the job of parents is not to make decision for their children, but to help them to choose. In this period of 15 to 18 year-old children, they are always radical. If their parents make decisions instead of themselves, they will not obey these decisions. Parents had better told their kids about their opinions, worries and experiences as friends. Give much more room for their kids to think and decide. Respect and believe their kids will choose the better one and will face the result directly.
In sum, considering the aforementioned reasons I support the statement that older teenagers had better make decisions by themselves. Admittedly, our parents are our best and most early teacher. They would give us more important advices to help us choose the best decision.
英语写作
篇3:托福写作以及技巧
1.托福的作文就是英文的“八股”,有套路,所以模板用得上。
2.词汇和固定短语要识记,主要是3类: ~环境的,经济的,社会进步等题目经常涉及的名词或者名词短语;~表示程度等的形容词和能够恰当修饰动词的副词;~起承转合作用的连接词和短语。
3.在正确,易懂的基础上,力求句型的变化多端,插入语,从句,倒装,虚拟等。
4.看清题目要求写什么,有比较的,要写出两者的不同,不要只说你支持的。
5.不同的reason不要糅合到一块去,每段中心要明确,且reason段落,要用英文写作的方式,开门见山的在段落开头指出;既然要成段,那么你所选择的reason一定要能扩展,也就是有东西好写,不要为赋新辞强说愁;所以虽然一个论点你可能有N个理由,但那些很有道理,但是你用英文无法表达清楚的,就不用写了,这不是上万字的论文。
on一出就要有example,两三个case足以,并且事例逻辑上能够支持原因。
7.整篇文章不要出现第二人称you,your,这是enjoy life等前辈的指点(指点了pumpkin,然后她又“数落”我的),多用people;你想,you就是阅卷人,你凭什么张口就用人家的书面语言教导人家呢?
8.个人的观点:尽可能的避免单独使用he/she,考虑到性别歧视问题。但是,如果你要顶字数的话,也请用 he or she。
9.口语化是初级者的大问题之一,写作文的时候往往是先想中文改怎么说,然后做个翻译工作;本来对非母语就很能驾驭,这样一来,说大白话,就直接导致句式的单一;所以还是要看看真题阅读文章的文法。
托福作文技巧“五段锦”
第一段,对题目改写,再用模板的套话扯一下,常用的手法是正反一提。
第二段,最大的reason,事例论据支持。
第三段,次大的reason,事例论据支持。
第四段,一个小的reason,外加一个不碍大事的however的对立。
第五段,对各段reason改写总结,也可以再加展望,但是不要号召。
托福综合写作的注意事项
英美人写文章的总体逻辑可以概括为总分或总分总。而托福综合写作的阅读材料多为前者布局,且多为四段式(首段总起,三段分别展开)。
首段主要用来提供背景信息或者提出话题,(注意:阅读和听力是同一个话题,极少考到观点相互补,多为观点相对立。)而作者的立场或论点多位于首段的最后一句,聪明的考生会把注意力多集中于首段的尾句,确定作者的立论点,从而对于下一阶段的听力大致话题和论述做到心中有底。
随后的段落即展开给出作者之所以立论的三个分论点或论据,在单个的段落当中,又遵循了西方人惯有的总分模式,单个段落的首句多为topic sentence,考生可以只关注三个段落的首句以快速获取段落主要内容,从而避免全文通读速度不够而导致的来不及看完阅读。
二、听力:判断说话人立场,记录观点和支持性论据
听力环节的笔记很重要,是决定综合写作能否顺利完成的关键因素。没有经过训练或者疏于练习的同学会对于该记什么无从下手,结果就是笔记做了,自己看不懂,或者笔记太过凌乱,毫无可利用性。
要知道听力该记什么怎么记,此时应当牢记心里的仍然是西方人的逻辑性。“总分”表明了在听力的开始段是表明说话者立场和论点的,那么按照我们之前分析的,阅读和听力必然是同主题,所以听力开始时候大家不必忙着乱记一通,事实上,什么都不用写,镇定情绪,听清说话者的立场即可。
接着,和阅读中相似,说话者会从三个方面阐述支持自己的观点,很多情况下,这三点和阅读中的三点是刚好契合,一一对应的。但听力三方面的分论据往往是从阅读中无法推断的,所以分论点及论据是需要同学进行笔记的,应当记的是key words,切忌洋洋洒洒想记全一句话,最后自己也难以读懂。
三、综合写作中,要将阅读和听力观点整合起来时,如果在准备阶段备有一套好用的模板,那么就是如虎添翼了。好的模板在课堂上就会发给同学,但是我们建议考生应当备有自己独一无二的模板,通过对同义换词,句型多变,做到集多个好模板于一身,又毫无雷同的独家模板。 想办法提高自己的记忆容量。
四、各位考生不妨观察一下自己抄写英文句子的情况。大多数未经训练的第二语言学习者很可能都是每写下一个词就要回去重新读一次才能继续抄下去——有的时候甚至可能需要每写一个字母就要返回文本重看一眼才能继续。这说明此人的记忆容量只能容纳一个词(或者甚至连一个词都容纳不了)。记忆容量大的人理解文本更为容易,又因为能够理解所以记忆文本更加容易,进而又因为能够记得住而联系上下文更为轻松,而记忆容量过小的人基本上连看完一篇文章都非常吃力。不过,只要稍加训练,记忆容量就会扩充至足够用的地步。迅速将自己的英文记忆容量提高到“够用”的地步,最好的方法就是通过“跟读”、“朗读”训练平日积累。因为朗读可以非常有效而又迅速地提高文字理解能力。这很关键,记不住的最重要原因并非“记忆力差”——无论记忆力多好,都很难记住无法理解、无法关联 的信息——听得懂才容易记得住。
托福写作的高分词汇积累
lively
恶作剧的,顽皮的--prankish naughty impish elfish devilish mischievous puckish
笨拙的,麻烦的--cumbersome bulky burdensome clumsy troublesome unmanageable
bothersome gauche antic awkward ham-handed
**,骚动--agitation bother commotion fret stir riot squall
大风暴--tempest violence storm
大混乱,大灾难--havoc calamity catastrophe misfortune disaster mishap tragedy
巨大的,惊人的--prodigious colossal enormous extraordinary gigantic huge
immense mammoth vast tremendous
例外的,奇特的,罕见的--exceptional remarkable stupendous
奇妙的,不可思议的--miraculous wonderful marvelous
大胆的,莽撞的--audacious bold brave daring gallant heroic valiant prowess
多产的,丰富的,繁茂的--prolific fecund fertile fruitful productive
munificent prosperous affluent flourish opulent well-off plentiful abundant
贫瘠的,不孕的,不毛之地--barren sterile
篇4:托福写作分数换算及提分技巧
托福写作到底如何算分?为什么有的考生洋洋洒洒写了一大篇分数却并不高?明明写作模板背得滚瓜烂熟,为什么写作分数还是在20分徘徊?要想托福写作获得高分,首先我们要了解新托福综合写作如何评分,评分标准将引导我们如何在有限的时间里抓住采分点。
很多托福考生可能不了解,托福的写作评卷是以5分为原始分进行判卷,然后换算成30分为满分的标准。具体的换算表如下:
writing rubric mean
scaled score
5.00
30
4.75
29
4.50
28
4.25
27
4.00
25
3.75
24
3.50
22
3.25
21
3.00
20
2.75
18
2.50
17
2.25
15
2.00
14
1.75
12
1.50
11
1.25
10
1.00
8
篇5:托福写作分数换算及提分技巧
一,需要考生有定的英语语法基础。
语法直是中英语教育的核心,对于中学生来讲般不是太大的困难。而且托福写作对于学生的语法要求不会很高,在懂得主谓宾正常的构句规则的基础上,加上对各种从句以及几个特殊句式(强调句、倒装句)的运用,就足以应付托福写作。很多基础相对来说薄弱的考生经常会遇到的困境是:对英语的语法产生恐惧,因为不写不错,写就错。这部分考生克服这个困难的办法是:多去动笔写,写完了让老师或者是身边英语比较好的同学帮忙改,弄懂每个语法错误是为什么道理,切不可消怠工,意志沉沦。
二,文章结构重要。
托福写作通常是个五段三点式的写作,通常我们也叫鱼骨头(Fish Bone)式。这样的结构就是为普遍的议论文结构,开头段+中间三段+结尾段。千万不要小看这样的结构,以为这样的结构过于简单,过于八股。其实,托福写作考查的也就是考生是否会熟练运用这样的结构去表达自己对个观点的看法。美的高中生会专门用年的时间来学习这样的结构。所以在准备托福写作的时候,应该特别注意要熟练运用五段三点式这样的结构。
三,语言需要有定程度上的多样性。
语言多样性分为句式的多样性和词汇的多样性。托福考试说到底,还是在考查学生的语言能力。文章结构就是个人的骨架,那么剩下来的工作就是需要往这具空空的骨架中添加进生动的血肉,这就是我们的语言了。托福写作考试对于考生的语言水平基本的要求是没有太多的语法错误,也就是考生所犯的语法错误不会影响到文章的理解。在这个基础上,托福考试还要求学生会熟练运用些句式、词汇,使文章看起来很native。句式的多样性是很容易通过老师的指导在短时间内得到迅速的提升的,但是词汇的多样性却要在很大程度上依靠考生自己平时自身的积累,光靠老师的总结是远远不够的,再好的老师也永远不可能把所有的词汇总结出来。对于想要在写作部分取得的考生而言的(所谓的就是写作部分得到25分以上)就必须下工夫去提高自己语言多样性上的修养,对于普通的考生而言,只需要适当运用就可。
四,我们必须注意中西方文化的差异对于我们托福写作的影响。
新托福培训老师提醒这里为典型的点就是,西方人的思路是演绎式的(deduction),他们会先把自己主要的观点亮出来,然后再针对自己的观点做进步的阐释;而中人的思路是归纳式的(induction),中人擅于先大段的说理论证,分析各种可能的情况,然后后加上个总结,也就是自己的观点。在托福写作中我们定要使用演绎式的写作方式,切忌使用归纳式的方式。原因在于:使用演绎式的写作方式,开始就亮出观点,使读者很清晰地明白作者的观点,于是读者就会更好地理解下面的相关论证,使得读者更容易觉得文章的思路清晰,逻辑严密;而使用归纳式的写作方式,读者在阅读之前的论证的时候,自己心里也会产生个自己的观点,也就是说读者自己就会先于作者得出个观点,要是当后作者的观点与读者的观点相异时,就会很容易的使读者认为作者的思路不清晰,逻辑不严密。这就是中式思路归纳式的缺点。
至于其他的中西方文化的差异,主要集中在语言上。例如,typical这个词,中文的翻译是“典型的”,而“典型的”的在中文的理解就是“特别的,少数的”,而在英文中,“典型的”就是代表广大群众的基本特征的,是“普遍的”。再例如,“热锅上的蚂蚁”这个表达,中考生很容易表达成为“ants on a hot pot”,而正确的英文表达应该是“cat on hot bricks”。这些就是我们需要注意的中西方的文化差异。
五,我们必须要注意托福机考的特殊性。
从小到大,我们写过无数的作文,考过无数的考试,但是机考对于般的考生来说几乎都是次。托福考试实施的是网络机考,也就是说我们的作文都需要在考试的时候用键盘敲出来,这个对于般的考生来说也会是个不大不小的障碍。针对于机考,我们平时就需要注意练习。现在的孩子都会用网络聊天,打字速度飞快,但是,你们平时都是用英文聊天的么?中文和英文的打字习惯是不样的,需要我们平时慢慢地去适应,而且平时定要花时间去适应,否则考试的时候定会吃亏。并且,很多孩子平时在家都使用的是笔记本电脑,而正式考试的时候使用是台式机,笔记本电脑和台式机的键盘是有所区别的,手感也是有很大的差异,所以平时练习写作的时候需要使用普通的电脑键盘。这些细节往往就是决定成败的重要砝码。
以上的五点,需要考生们针对自己的情况做好合理的安排。我来做个形象的类比:每个考生就像是个球员,语法基础和文章结构之于考生就像体能和基本功之于个球员,个球员要成为巨星就必须需要有良好的身体素质和扎实的基本功;语言多样性之于考生来说就是精湛的技术之于个球员,C罗、梅西的技术的全面和多样正是他们区别于芸芸众生的重要因素;机考的适应程度之于考生来说就是比赛经验之于个球员,即便是有再好的技术,再好的体能,如果没有足够的经验没有足够的勇气去应付个大场面,比赛也就是只有输的份了。平时的模考虽然不会帮助我们太多的提高水平,但是它会提高我们正常发挥水平的能力,稳定的发挥对于实战是多么的重要。
正如个优秀的球员的培养不是天两天的功夫,要想在托福写作中获得也不是件信手拈来不费吹灰之力的事情,它需要考生们自身的努力。当然,我们会帮助考生少走弯路,在短的时间内迅速提高应试技巧,搞定托福写作
篇6:托福写作分数换算及提分技巧
1 词汇准备
我们都知道“巧妇难为无米之炊”,要想写一篇高分作文,合理的词汇数量和质量是必不可少的,这里同学们一定要明确一个概念,不是使用越多的长难怪词就是越好的,只要用词地道,意思表达清楚即可,否则就像是普通话掺杂文言文的既视感,相信考官不会给太高的分数。
写作词汇背诵,我个人还是比较喜欢背一些能够给学以致用的词汇,所以我个人不会推荐写作方面的词汇书,建议大家平时多读一些英文原著,英文原版报刊或者杂志,揣摩他们的用词,甚至可以多看看托福阅读的文章写作风格和用词,然后加以模仿,都是不错的提高自己写作能力的方式。
2 长难句 复杂句
写作,就是把自己关于某一话题的想法用比较恰当的方式写出来。那么有了单词的储备之后,我们就是看如何把这些词汇组织成语言来清楚的表达自己。这就涉及简单句和复杂句。所以考生们一定要掌握一些常考的句式,为自己的作文润色。以下是我个人觉得托福写作常考的十大从句:
第一:定语从句
第二:状语从句
第三:宾语从句
第四:同位语从句
第五:主语从句
第六:强调句:It is + 被强调的内容 + that
第七:倒装句
第八:被动语态
第九:分词结构(包括现在分词和过去分词)
第十:插入语
以下是我个人觉得托福写作必备的一些句式:
提出背景的句式:
It’s generally agreed that ... ...
There is a growing body of opinion that ... ...
An increasing number of people have the tendency to believe that ...
Some people,especially the old, believe that ... ...
Other people, the young in particular, argue that ... ...
Some current analyses conclude that ... ...
... ... is a heated topic in our times.
The topic about... ... has been raging for decades.
... ... is an eternal/a perpetual topic in our daily lives.
... ... is one ofthe most talked about topics in the contemporary society.
Recently, the impact that ... ... has had on our daily lives, in general, is huge and undeniable.
With the gradual perfection and progressive amelioration of ... ..., sweeping changes have been brought into our lives.
In terms of ......, sometimes we find ourselves in dilemmas.
个人观点的句式:
I am totally convinced that ... ...
I personally tend to believe that ... ...
From my perspective, ... ... is without doubt a better option.
According to the evidence offered above, I can hardly agree that ...
With respect to... ..., I am pretty sure that I’m on the same / opposite side of it.
Although it’s no simple task for us to make a prudent and satisfying choice, I still wholeheartedly believe that ... ...
引出争议的句式:
There is no consensus on whether...yet.
Whether...is anissue open to debate.
Whether...is aboon or bane is still open to debate.
The issue of whether…has triggered intense debate.
3 逻辑思维
当我们准备好了必备的词汇以及必备的句式句型,我们进一步需要的就是逻辑:如何用一些地道有效的逻辑词也就是 connectives(连接词)把这些词句组合成段落,再用一些 connectives 把这些段落组成文章。常用的连接词如下:
A. 表层次/递进:First, to begin with, in the first place, second, to start with, furthermore, third, what is more, last but not least, also, besides, equally important, moreover, besides, in addition, finally,not only...but also...
B. 表转折/让步:In contrast, although, though, yet, at the same time,but, despite the fact that, nevertheless, even though, on the contrary, however,in spite of, on the other hand, otherwise,
C.表因果:Therefore, consequently, because of, for the reason,thus,hence, due to, owing to,so, accordingly, thanks to, on this account,as a consequence
D. 表举例:For example, for instance, for one thing,that is,to illustrate, as an illustration, a case in point
E. 表解释:as a matter of fact, frankly speaking, in this case, namely,in other words
F. 表总结:in summary, in a word ,thus ,as has been said,in brief, in conclusion ,in other words,to conclude, in fact, finally, in simpler terms,indeed, in short, in particular, that is,in other words, of course, on the whole, to put it differently,
namely, to summarize
4 素材准备
素材也就是我们写作需要的内容充实,我相信很多考生和我一样,面对一个话题无话可说,我记得我第一次考试的时候,自己有足够的词汇量和句式储备,但是落实到写文章的时候却不知道写些什么,想出来的观点也感觉翻来覆去的就是罗圈话,都是重复的,更谈不上新意,就连每段的topic(话题)都写不出来,最后只能以400字出头的字数草草收尾,原计划的五段式也变成了四段式。可见素材准备不充分也是写作分数低的一个主要原因。怎么破?
建议大家看两本书,也是我自学的教材。慎小嶷老师写的《十天突破托福写作》以及马骏老师写的《新托福巅峰写作》。这两本书对托福写作的话题都有明确的分类,每个话题应该写什么内容也都有大纲,读过这两本书之后,考生就不会愁写什么了。
5 打字速度
曾有人说:“打字快,打字多者得托福写作天下”,言外之意就是托福写作写的字数越多,得分就可能越多,当然这么说没有具体的证据,ETS的评分系统也没有这个标准,但是就经验而言,这确实不是捕风捉影。
我曾经有个初三的学生,当然基础还不错,小姑娘小学的时候在美国待过两年,口语不错,我教她听说读写四科,托福第一次考总分是107,写作居然打了满分!我知道这个小姑娘成绩会不错,但是考满分毕竟还是需要实力和运气的,而且思路很重要,当时我还和她妈妈讲她写作的深度不够,对问题的分析还是比较肤浅的。而且我教她的时候托福写作也只有28分啊,后来她和我说她打了700多字!我不否认这个学生自己的英语水平,但是满分还是很出乎意料的。
我还有个同学,现在在哈佛上学,当然学生本身也是很优秀的,他托福最终考了117分,只有写作扣了3分。但是这个学生在学习写作的过程中就是思路比较扭曲,句子之间的逻辑衔接也不是很好,而且我们都知道思路是很难纠正的,更多的是考学生的领悟,老师能做的有限,这个学生考了几次,分数都是在22--24分左右。最后一次考试,这个学生打了他历次托福写作考试最多的字数--670字左右,最后是27分。
所以,我认为ETS虽然没有硬性规定字数越多,分数越高,但是字数打的多肯定是有帮助的。我之前有个男生是南开大学的,总分已经在90以上,但是写作都没有超过18分,他写作打字没有高于200字的时候,所以准备考托福的同学,不要忘记练习打字提高自己的打字速度也不失为得高分的一个利器。
6 关于模板
这个一定要准备好,而且考生一定要总结出有自己个人风格的模板,网络上还有老师课堂上都会给出形形色色的模板,这也导致了托福写作在批卷的时候会觉得千篇 一律,反而影响学生的分数,所以一定要综合写作有自己风格的模板 ,并且要反复练习把模板打出来,用最少的时间把模板打出来,然后把余下的时间花在填写内容上是性价比最高的选择。
7 关于机经
写作机经我觉得就是鸡肋---食之无味,弃之可惜。机经我在之前的托福文章已经提到过很多次了,就是把历年真题进行总结,基于托福总是旧题重复考的原则,可以用于预测将来的考题。在听说读写四科中,写作机经是最靠谱的,我记得我刚接触托福那会儿,大概是2011年,托福写作几乎场场是旧题,但是我的分数也没有满分,我的学生27分的以上也是寥寥无几。
所以关于机经我的态度就是:可以认真看,可以用心看,但是不要依赖。把历年真题进行话题总结,然后自己归纳出不同话题的写作素材,让自己有话可说 ,我想如果话题练习广泛的话,即使不用机经,你自己也可以压中题目,不是吗?
8 托福写作必备素质---勤快
其实,总结一下学过托福的同学,他们做TPO的听力和阅读的套数绝对远远大于口语和写作。就我个人而言,托福听力和阅读TPO,我从头到尾做了无数遍,甚至只要把某个听力的开头点开,我都可以复述接下来的内容,因为我都精听过不知道多少遍了,但是至今我也没有把托福TPO的口语都练一遍,写作也没有系统的写过一遍,甚至我第一次考试前都没有写过作文,只是知道有五段式 ,知道背一下模板和准备一下素材。
而且根据我同事的反馈,写作也是最难收作业的一科,在写作交作业时候,学生的拖延症是最频繁的。所以自学的同学一定要有很好的自制力,这也是为什么我在文章的开头说了,写作是最不适合自学的一科。
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