高三高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
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篇1：高三高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
作者：籍万杰 王金龙
近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查,一般有二至三个小题是直接考查词义猜测的。这主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词短语的能力,突出考查语境的分析和把握能力。本文结合高考试题谈一谈如何猜测词的意思。
一、根据上下文情景进行猜测
猜测任何词义都离不开上下文的语境,所以可借助上下文语境对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
1. (全国卷I,B篇) 62. The underlined word “Change” in the second paragraph means _______.
A. Idea B. Decision C. Cups D. Coins
[原文] So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her “Change for Change” effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities(慈善机构) , which were decided upon by students.
[解析]根据上文她把杯子放在学生宿舍里收集硬币,以及下文中谈到已经为慈善机构募集到了$ 40,000可知,Change应是Coins(硬币)。答案为D。
二、 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
英语中代词使用得比较频繁,文章中的代词one, it, that, he, him 或them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事。
2. (20全国卷III,C篇) 65. The underlined word “one” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ________.
A. the President B. the director
C. an actor D. a look-alike
[原文] The president has started using look-alikes during some public appearances. Dave is offered a chance to “serve his country” by becoming one.
[解析]根据前文总统开始在公共场合使用替身(look-alikes),后来Dave有机会成为了其中的一员可以猜测出one应该是a look-alike。答案为D。
三、根据同义关系进行猜测
当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,由此可推知其大致意思。
3. (年重庆卷,C篇) 66. The underlined word “conflict” in the second letter means ________.
A. dependent life B. fierce fight
C. bad manners D. painful feeling
[原文] And if you've gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with-or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.
[解析] 由破折号后的or可知,前后两句的意思相近,再结合两封信的内容可知,她不想失去或破坏这个友好氛围,否则就又让她回到以前的“冲突”中。答案为B。
四、根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对其进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
4. (2004年上海卷,C篇) 82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that ________.
A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
[原文] Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them-a form of favouritism will replace equality.
[解析] 破折号后的句子是对前面进行解释说明的,二者是同位关系,因此,要猜测favouritism的意思,可从前面句子的意思入手。答案为B。
五、根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词,如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。另外,分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。
5. (NMET, E篇)74. What does the underlined word “hassle”(paragraph 1) probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
[原文] A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
[解析] 通过上下句A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.可以看出,hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断,答案为C。
篇2：高中英语阅读理解词义猜测解题技巧探究
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测解题技巧探究
<英语新课程标准>对阅读教学提出了新的指导思想:学生通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的.学习方法,发挥自己的学习潜能,形成有效的学习策略,提高自主学习的能力;在教学中关注学生情感,提高人文素养,积极向上的情感和自信心会有效地促进自主学习,提高学习效率.
作 者：陈和秋 作者单位：四川省古蔺县中学校,四川,古蔺,646500 刊 名：读写算（教育教学研究） 英文刊名：DUYUXIE 年，卷(期)： “”(7) 分类号： 关键词：篇3：全国各省市高考阅读理解猜测词义题
1．[全国I. B]
MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada border（边界）to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen ＄10,000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security（安全）rules.
The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church.
There are many such situations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5,530-mile border between Canada and the US-which in some cases actually runs down the middle of streets or through buildings.
As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending church in Canada, as usual. The US customs（海关）station in this area is closed on Sundays, so be just drove around the locked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appeared last May, following a tightening of border security. Two days later. Albert was told to go to the customs office, where an officer told him be had been caught on carnera crossing the border illegally（非法）.
Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint.
Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine, but he has not attended a Sunday church since. “I feel like I’m living in a prison,” he said.
59．We learn from the text that Richard Albert is .
A．an American living in Township 15
B．a Canadian living in a Quebec village
C．a Canadian working in a customs station
D．an American working in a Canadian church
60．Albert was fined because he .
A．failed to obey traffic rules B．broke the American security rules
C．worked in St. Pamphile without a pass D．damaged the gate of the customs office
61．The underlined word “detour” in paragraph 5 means .
A．a drive through the town B．a race across the fields
C．a roundabout way of travelling D．a journey in the mountain area
62．What would be the best title for the text?
A．A Cross-country Trip B．A Special Border Pass
C．An Unguarded Border D．An Expensive Church Visit
2. [全国II. B]
The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society －a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
“My grandmothers didn’t do anything but keep house and serve everybody. They were programmed to do that,” said Emils Comette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.
While men have long spent their time fishing and playing golf, women have sometimes seemed to become unnoticed as they age. But the generation now turning 50 is the baby boomers(生育高峰期出生的人), and the same people who refused their parents’ way of being young are now trying a new way of growing old.
If you take into consideration feminism(女权主义), a bit of spare money, and better health for most elderly, the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable(必然的). In this society, women over 50 wear red hats and purple(紫色的) clothes, while the women under 50 wear pink hats and light purple clothing.
“The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins: “When I am an old woman, I shall wear purple. With a red hat which doesn’t go,” said Ellen Cooper, who founded the Red Hat Society in . When the ladies started to wear the red hats, they attracted lots of attention.
“The point of this is that we need a rest from always doing something for someone else,” Cooper said. “Women feel so ashamed and sorry when they do something for themselves.” This is why chapters are discouraged from raising money or doing anything useful. “We’re a ladies’ play group. It couldn’t be more simple,” added Cooper’s assistant Joe Heywood.
44．The underlined word “chapter” in paragraph 2 means __________.
A．one branch of an organization B．a written agreement of a club
C．one part of a collection of poems D．a period in a society’s history
45．From the text , we know that the “baby boomers” are a group of people who
A．have gradually become more noticeable
B．are worried about getting old too quickly
C．are enjoying a good life with plenty of money to spend
D．tried living a different life from their parents when they were young
46．It could be inferred from the text that members of the Red Hat Society are .
A．interested in raising money for social work
B．programmers who can plan well for their future
C．believers in equality between men and women
D．good at cooking big meals and taking care of others
47．Who set up the Red Hat Society ?
A．Emily Cornette . B．Ellen Cooper . C．Jenny Joseph . D．Joe Heywood .
48．Women join the Red Hat Society because .
A．they want to stay young
B．they would like to appear more attractive
C．they would like to have fun and live for themselves
D．they want to be more like their parents
3. [山东 A.]
Last August, Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17-year-old daughter, Maureen. With a checklist of criteria in hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools. They sought a university that offered the teenager’s intended major, one located near a large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe.
“The safety issue is a big one,” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasn’t alone in his worries. On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: what about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer - “That’s not a problem here.” - Mahoney began to feel uneasy.
“No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today. “I just don’t buy it.” Nor should he: in the U.S. Department of Education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. “Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to colleges,” says David Nichols, author of Creating a Safe Campus. “Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation.”
But getting accurate information isn’t easy. Colleges must report crime statistics （统计数字) by law, but some hold back for fear of bad publicity, leaving the honest ones looking dangerous. “The truth may not always be obvious,” warns S. Daniel Carter of Security on Campus, Inc., the nation’s leading campus safety watchdog group.
To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions.
56. The Mahoneys visited quite a few colleges last August ______.
A. to express the opinions of many parents
B. to choose a right one for their daughter
C. to check the cost of college education
D. to find a right one near a large city
57. It is often difficult to get correct information on campus crime because some colleges
______.
A. receive too many visitors B. mirror the rest of the nation
C. hide the truth of campus crime D. have too many watchdog groups
58. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means ______.
A. mind B. admit C. believe D. expect
59. We learn from the text that “the honest ones” in the fourth paragraph most probably
refers to colleges ______.
A. that are protected by campus security B. that report campus crimes by law
C. that are free from campus crime D. the enjoy very good publicity
60. What is the text mainly about?
A. Exact campus crime statistics. B. Crimes on or around campuses.
C. Effective solutions to campus crime. D. concerns about kids’ campus safety.
4. [安徽 A.]
More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure (压力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.
The most common worry is burglary ( 入室盗窃) , with four out of 10 worrying about their homes being broken into while they’re abroad. More than a quarter fear they will feel crazy with some other noisy and rough holiday-makers and 22 percent worry they may be attacked or their possessions will be missing. One in five think the car may break down; and the same number worry about the chances of bad weather.
The survey also showed that the stay-at-home Americans are no more. Three out of every five want to have a holiday abroad, a great increase from the figures only three years ago. The hotel holiday is still a winner, with about one third of all Americana preferring to go on a self-catering ( 自助 ) holiday.
56. The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______.
A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination
57. According to the text, about ______ of people worry more on holiday than when they are at home.
A. 25% B. 40% C. 80% D. 95%
58. The third most common worry of American holiday-makers is that they may ______.
A. be attacked or lose their possessions B. have problems with their cars on the road
C. have bad weather on holiday D. get mixed with some rough fellow holiday-makers
59. Where do American holiday-makers like to stay most?
A. At a hotel. B. In a quiet place.
C. At a friend's house. D. Where they can cook for themselves.
5. [湖北D]
Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert , seeking a million in prize money . To win , they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours . Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all , because these vehicles were missinge a key part drivers .
DARPA , the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency , organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields . But the Grand Challenge , as it was called , just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance . One had its brake lock up in the starting area . Another began by throwing itself onto a wall . Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles .
One turned upside down . One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote (远距离的) control . One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence ; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock . The “winner,” if there was any , reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long , narrow hole , and the front wheels caught on fire .
“You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things,” says Reinhold Behringer , who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics . “Even ants (蚂蚁) can do all these tasks effortlessly . It’s very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines .”
The robotic vehicles , though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance , had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately , Sure , that very young child, who has just only learned to walk , may not think to wipe apple juice off her face , but she already knows that when there’s a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table , and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good . She is more advanced , even months old , than any machine humans have designed .
67．Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because .
A．they did not have any human guidance
B．the road was not familiar to the drivers
C．the distance was too long for the vehicles
D．the prize money was unattractive to the drivers
68．DARPA organized the race in order to .
A．raise money for producing more robotic vehicles
B．push the development of vehicle industry
C．train more people to drive in the desert
D．improve the vehicles for future wars
69．From the passage we know “robotic vehicles” are a kind of machines that .
A．can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing can
B．can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit
C．can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down
D．can move from place to place without being driven by human beings
70．In the race , the greatest distance one robotic vehicle covered was .
A．about eight miles B．six miles
C．almost two miles D．about one mile
71．In the last paragraph , the writer implies that there is a long way to go .
A．for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficulties
B．for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table
C．for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve
D．for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face
6. [湖南.B]
Collections were the inspiration(灵感) for a project at Thomas Tallis School, which formed part of the Imagine Children's Literature Festival last autumn. Each child (aged 12-13) beatified a box and wrote a story on the subject of collections to throw inside it. The boxes were spread within the Royal Festival Hall's Ballroom. Some were left empty to encourage visitors to write their own stories.
The subject chosen by Luren was an imaginative one. “It's a sort of Cinderella (灰姑娘) story,” she told me, inspired by a collection of letters from her cousin, In the story these become love letters, burned by a cruel stepmother. Lauren's best friend Charlotte is the stepmother. “I'm in Charlotte's story too,” says Lauren, “and I get run over.” Charlotte's tale was inspired by the girls' coin collection. “We've collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife.” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.” Lauren continues: “I find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. I'm in hospital and then I die.” Charlotte adds: “Or she might not die. I haven't decided yet.”
Millie Murray, who is a teen-novel author, thinks that setting the subject of collections was a useful inspiration to their creativity rather than a restriction(限制). “In the beginning I thought, 'Will the children be able to do it?'” she says. “But it's been fruitful. Some have their own collection, some have parents who do, and some have written complete stories. It's made them think about something they wouldn't have otherwise, which can only be a good thing.”
59. What were the children asked to do in the project?
A. To meet friends at Thomas Tallis School
B. To write stories on the subject of collections.
C. To encourage visitors to write their own stories.
D. To have their friends for characters in the stories.
60. The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.
A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin
61. From the stories by Lauren and Charlotte, we know that _____ .
A. Charlotte hurt herself when getting a coin
B. both of them developed their imagination
C. both of them will die in each other's stories
D. Latwen's cousin posted her some love letters
62. Millie Murray thinks ________.
A. collections could inspire writing creativity
B. it was good for parents to have collections
C. inspirations were very useful in writing stories
D. setting collection subjects restricted inspirations
7. [江西 D]
The tea gardens in Sri Lanka are actually large estates(种植园). The best tea usually comes from plants grown on high grounds, the cool hilltops with rows and rows of tea plants. The plants are about one metre apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimetres high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.
Practically all the tea pickers are women. The estates prefer to employ women pickers because they are more careful. Their thin fingers can easily remove the twin leaves and new shoots from the plant, which are the parts used for processing(加工) tea. The pickers carry large baskets into which they throw their pickings. A skilled worker can harvest between 9 to 14 kilogrammes of tea leaves a day. Usually new shoots can be picked from the plants about every ten or fifteen days.
Processing tea shoots into the familiar dry tea leaves requires great care and skill .There are various methods of processing depending on the type of tea required .For black tea ,the young green leaves are first spread out o shelves to dry. This process removes much of its water and the leaves become soft. After this ,the leaves are passed through heavy rollers .This operation will press the leaves for juices which give the tea both its colour and taste .Then the leaves are spread out on floors and left to ferment （发酵）under wet conditions. Fermentation develops the rich taste of black tea .The fermented leaves are then dried with a hot-air blower until they become rolled-up black leaves .The final step is to sort and grade them before the black tea is ready for sale to countries all over the world.
68．In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means .
A．regular cutting of the plants
B．frequent watering
C．regular use of chemicals
D．growing the plants high in the mountain
69．One of the reasons why women are employed to do the picking is that .
A．they work harder than men do in the picking
B．they can throw their pickings more easily into the baskets
C．their fingers fit them better for the job.
D．they can more easily find the twin leaves.
70．How many processing steps are mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
71．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To introduce various methods of tea processing.
B．To persuade readers to buy tea from Sri Lanka.
C．To tell a story that had happened in the tea gardens.
D．To inform readers of tea growing ,picking and processing.
8. [江苏。C]
The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals.
During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.
The local and visiting Italian dogs are anxious to run after hares. The crowd is on its feet for the camel races. Camels and riders run far into the distance, and then return to the finish Line in front of the cheering people.
Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horserace. All the riders run very fast on horseback. Some riders hang off the side of their saddles. Some even ride upside down -- their legs and feet straight up in the air -- all at full speed. Others rush down the course together, men arm in arm, on different horses. On and on they went. SO fast and so wonderful!
64. The Sahara Festival is a festival which________.
A. has a very long history in North Africa
B. is held in the same place on the same day
C. is attended mainly by the people in the Sahara
D. is celebrated mostly by travelers from different countries
6 5. Before the races begin, ________ take part in the activities during the opening ceremonies.
A. musicians, dancers, horses and hares
B. camel riders, musicians, dogs and hares
C. horseme.n, dancers, camels and dogs
D. musicians, offi~:ials, camels and horses
56. The underlined word “finale” in the fourth paragraph most probably means the ________of the
opening day.
A. f'irst part B. middle C. last part D. whole
67. This passage mainly tells readers_______.
A. what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival
B. how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival
C. what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival
D. how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival
9. [浙江B]
Special Bridges Help Animals Cross the Road
----- Reported by Sheila Carrick
Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.
Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more concerned with how the grizzly bear and mountain lion can cross the road.
Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.
“Ecopassages” may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads. “These ecopassages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid human conflicts,” said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Conservation Society.
But do animals actually use the ecopassages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an ecopassage that went under a highway. This showed that the lion used the passage.
Builders of some ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses.
The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might see an animal overpass!
45. The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_________.
A．wild animals have become more dangerous
B．the driving conditions have improved greatly
C．the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work
D．an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents
46. From the news story, we know an ecopassage is_________.
A．an underground path for cars B．a fence built for the safety of the area
C．a bridge for animals to get over a river D．a pass for animals to cross the road
47. When the writer says that animals seem “to be catching on”, he means_________.
A．animals begin to realize the dangers on the road
B．animals begin to learn to use ecopassages
C．animals are crossing the road in groups
D．animals are increasing in number
48. The writer asks visitors and drivers to look around when traveling because_________.
A．wild animals may attack cars B．wild animals may jam the road
C．they may see wild animals in the park D．they may see wild animals on ecopassages
10. [福建C]
Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy ,warm ,damp and thick .But if you had been around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age ,would it have been the same ?For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted（反应）to the cold ,dry climates of the ice ages ,but until now ,no one has reached a satisfying answer.
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming . Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year; equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier ,will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2 ?Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.
Unfortunately ,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult .To study past climate ,scientists need to look at fossilized pollen ,kept in lake muds .Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments （沉淀物）,which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery .There are very few roads and paths ,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes .Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest ,but this still leaves vast ares between the rivers completely unsampled（未取样）.So far ,only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.
64．The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means .
A．cleaning up B．taking in C．wiping out D．giving out
65．How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change?
A．It’ll get drier and continue to remove CO2 .
B．It’ll remain steamy ,warm ,damp and thick .
C．It’ll get warmer and then colder and drier.
D．There is no exact answer up to present.
66．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．It’s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information.
B．It’s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.
C．It’s hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest.
D．It’s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate.
67．The best title for this passage may probably be .
A．Studies of the Amazon B．Climates of the Amazon
C．Secrets of the Rainforests D．Changes of the Rainforests
11. [广东B]
Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power,
commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership
skills can't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance
from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity (慷慨) that's never forgotten.
Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism (批评) , which often
hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees.
“Catch people doing something right!” he says. Then tell everyone about it.
Take informed risks. “ The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise,”
says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz. “Sky divers don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes (降落伞) beforehand. ”
Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait
for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail - and not die a
thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.
Encourage enthusiasm (热情). “When people understand the importance of work, they lend
their mental strengths,” says Lee Ducat. But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job. That's a great force! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic your-self - You will be followed by everyone.
60. The underlined word “cultivated” (paragraph 1) roughly means _______.
A. encouraged
B. compared
C. examined
D. developed
61. The part Always give credit tells us that a leader should _______.
A. give helpful criticism
B. regard others as real heroes
C. praise people for their good performances
D. praise everyone
62. To be a good leader, you should _______.
A. not be afraid of any risks
B. think twice before taking risks
C. try to avoid any possible failures
D. know what a thoughtless exercise is
63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques
B. Leadership Is Very Important
C. Not Many Can Be Leaders
D. How to Be a Leader
12. [重庆D]
Everyone should visit a lighthouse at least once.
The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors (祖先) battled nature with the basic tools they had. “They had only basic ways of creating light, and yet they found a way of using this simple technology in isolated(孤零零的) places to save ships from hitting rocks.
Secondly, visiting lighthouses will help us to understand the lives of lighthouse keepers. By their very nature, lighthouses were built on some rocks or cliffs. Thus, the lighthouse keepers often lived lonely lives. To walk around their small home and imagine the angry storm outside beating against the walls, is to take a step towards understanding the lives they had.
The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience. Therefore, with the gentle waves touching all round the lighthouse, the visitor is likely to think it 13 a world preferable to the busy and noisy modem life.
Another reason for considering a visit is that the lighthouses themselves can be very attractive buildings. Mankind could often not be content just to put up a basic structure, but felt the need, even in such an isolated place, to build with an artistic touch. The result is a view for tired eyes to enjoy.
Finally, lighthouses have a romantic attraction, summed up by the image of the oil-skin coaled keeper climbing his winding stairs to take care of the light to warn ships and save lives,
67. What is the reason to look back into the past of a lighthouse?
A. To escape from the busy and noisy city.
B. To look for die tools used by our ancestors.
C. To experience the natural beauty of a lighthouse.
D. To learn about the living condition of lighthouse keepers.
68. The underlined phrase ”out-of-the-way“ in Paragraph 4 means
A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D .secret
69. Lighthouses were often built with an artistic touch _________
A. to attract visitors B. to guide passing ships
C. to give a pleasant sight D. to remember lighthouse keepers
70. How many reasons are mentioned for a visit to a Hothouse?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six,
13. [上海B.]
“Come in, Kim. Have a seat, please,” said Bill Williams, the manager. “this was Kim's first experience with an assessment. After only six months he was due for a raise if this assessment was satisfactory.
“Kim,” began Bill Williams, “I am very pleased with the quality of your work. I have nothing but praise for your devotion and your hard work. My only concern is that you are not active enough in putting forward your suggestions.”
“But,” replied Kim, “I have always completed every assignment you have given me. Mr. Williams.”
“I know that, Kim. And please, call me Bill. But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. I need more input from you-more feedback on how things are going. I don’t need a “yes man”. You never tell me what you think. You just smile as though everything is fine.”
“But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”
“I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. To make suggestions, I employed you because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.”
“Yes. I see. I’m not accustomed to this, but I will try to do as you say…Bill.”
“Good, then, I expect to hear more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.”
“Yes, of course. Thank you, Mr. Will…Bill.”
69. Kim is the sort of employee who_______.
A. does not speak out his own ideas B. is not devoted to the job
C. laughs too much over work D. can not finish his work on time
70. The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_____”.
A. full of respect B. too confident and rude
C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet
14. [天津E.]
No one can fail to stand in awed ( 令人敬畏的 ) admiration of the great discoveries of history-Newton' s laws of motion; Kepler' s principles of planetary movement, Einstein' s general theory of relativity. Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting, theatre, music and literature, which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts. What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving?
A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity. The solution to a problem, we are told, often comes to thinkers in a “flash of insight (顿悟)，although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time. As a particular form of problem solving, these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past, whether this be of the ``public” sort known to science, or of the “private” sort known to the artist.
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this.. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable (可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves (涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
52. Newton, Kepler and Einstein are mentioned in the first paragraph to_______.
A. bring about the subject of the discussion
B. explain that scientists are more creative
C. show the difference between science and arts
D. prove that arts require more personal efforts
53. While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements, thinkers sometimes also depend on their______.
A. artistic tastes
B. sudden insight
C. admiration of discoveries
D. scientific experiments
54. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
55. We may conclude from the passage that ______.
A. it is more likely to make scientific and artistic discoveries in everyday learning.
B. a sudden insight and knowledge from the past are required in making discoveries
C. scientific discoveries or artistic creations are usually unpredictable in nature
D. knowledge of the rules in the past is often developed in the changes of situation
15. [北京D]
Language as a System of Symbols
Of all systems of symbols (符号), language is the most highly developed. It has been pointed out that human beings, by agreement, can make anything stand for anything. Human beings have agreed, in the course of centuries of mutual (相互的)dependency, to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs, throats, tongues, teeth, and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in their nervous systems. We call that system of agreements language.
There is no necessary connection between the symbol and that which it stands for. Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head, by gold on the watch chain, or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in, so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in.
However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject. Symbols and the things they stand for are independent of each other, yet we all have a way of feeling as if, and sometimes acting as if, there were necessary connections. For example, there are people who feel that foreign languages are unreasonable by nature: foreigners have such funny names for things, and why can’t they call things by their right names? This feeling exhibits itself most strongly in those English and American tourists who seem to believe that they can make the natives of any country understand English if they shout loud enough. Like the little boy who is reported to have said: “Pigs are called pigs because they are such dirty animals,” they feel that the symbol is inherently (内在地) connected in some way with the things symbolized.
69. Language is a highly developed system of symbols because human beings _________.
A. have made use of language for centuries
B. use our nervous systems to support language
C. have made various noises stand for any events
D. can make anything stand for anything by agreement
70. What can we conclude from Paragraph 2?
A. Different noises may mean different things.
B. Our culture determines what a symbol stands for.
C. The language we use symbolizes our social positions.
D. Our social positions determine the way we are dressed.
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_________”.
A. try very hard B. take our time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
72. The example of the little boy is used to show that _________.
A. adults often learn from their young
B. “pig” is a dirty word because pigs are dirty
C. words are not connected with the things they stand for
D. people sometimes have wrong ideas about how language works
16. [北京春. E.]
T-shirts out; uniforms in
School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A.That’s no surprise,because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not
pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the “wrong” clothes.
Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule - wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down.
As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties.For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she becomes,for a time, the symbol (象征) of law and order. The uniform means to the wearer his or her special duties and sends the same message to everyone the wearer meets.People with different jobs wear uniforms of one kind or another. For students, the school uniform reminds them that their task for the six or seven hours they are in school is to get an education.
Some parents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their children’s “creativity.” First, as noted above, the clothes students choose to wear do not necessarily express their individuality (个性). They just copy their classmates. Second, students have the rest of the day to be as creative as they like. While they’re in school, their job is to master reading, writing, and maths;this should take up all the creativity they have. Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way.
72. In Paragraph 1, the word “benefits” probably means .
A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages
Key:
1． A. B. C. D.
2． A. D. C. B. C.
3． B. C. C. B. D.
4． A. D. A. A.
5． A. D. D. A. C.
6． B. D. B. A.
7． A. C. C. D.
8． C. D. C. A.
9． D. D. B. D.
10． B. D. C.
11． D. C. B. D.
12． D. A. C. C.
13． A. B. D.
14． A. B. B. B.
15． D. B. A. D.
16． D.
篇4：高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题方法
猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：
一是针对性的解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.（湖北卷）
[分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（20浙江卷）
[分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （福建卷）
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
2.根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（20辽宁卷）
[分析]根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。
二是内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean? （NMET）
A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
[分析]根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。
2.根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”
（年上海卷）
The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ” .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
[分析]根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（“既然你是我的上司”），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：“修剪（树枝等）”的意思。
3.根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、、反义等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。
例9.William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.” （2005年江苏卷）
The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：“混合的，交织的”。
例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （年湖北卷）
[分析]根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins是一家医疗中心。
例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.
[分析]根据与insult“侮辱”的同等关系猜测defame为“诋毁” ，“中伤”或“诽谤”
例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.
[分析]运用与football的同义关系推断为“足球”。
例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.
[分析]运用与The house近义关系可以推断dwelling与住所有关
例14.Most women in China ---educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]后面的urban and rural, the young and old之间都有反义关系，运用这个关系可以推断illiterated为“未接受过教育的，即文盲”
三是通过构词法
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1.根据前缀猜测词义
例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。（2005年江西卷）
2.根据后缀猜测词义
例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年广东卷）
后缀 -ise/ize意思是“使成为…；使…化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：“未被商业化的”。
3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。
例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：“大批量生产；规模生产”的意思。
4.猜测词性变换新词含义
例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山东卷）
head本为名词，表头。由the bus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为“开往、驶向”。
例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全国卷Ⅱ）
cloud本为名词，表云。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为使难以……。
四是根据生活常识
运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。下面文字中划线单词的词义你能猜出来吗？
例21.Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
例22.Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.
句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither表示“枯萎”。
结合以上指导解下列两道阅读理解题
A
Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusion（混淆） over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever.
Sudan?1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July .
Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.
Last week Sudan’s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye’s name.
Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan’s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye.
“We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there,” she said. “Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship.”
The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week.
“They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name,” she said. “People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out.”
Sudan dyes, which include Sudan?1 to 4, are red dyes（颜料） used for colouring solvents（溶剂）, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?
A. Causing cancer. B. Having side effect. C. Containing poison. D.Poisonous.
2. How did the Sudan?1 get its name?
A. The dye is often produced in Sudan.
B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.
C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.
D. Many foods produced in Sudan contain the dye.
3. We can infer from the passage that.
A. the Sudan government is paying much attention to the food safety
B. Sudan?1 is often used to be added to the food
C. people didn’t realize the danger of Sudan?1 until 2003
D. many food shops will be closed down
4. Which of the following is the best title?
A. Keep away from Sudan?1
B. No Sudan?1 dye links to the country
C. How Sudan?1 dye got its name?
D. Pay attention to the food safety
B
The Man of Many Secrets — Harry Houdini — was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater this century. He was a man famous for his escapes — from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America. Crowds came to see the great Houdini and his “magic” tricks.
Of course, his secret was not magic or supernatural powers. It was simply strength. He had the ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.
Houdini started working in the entertainment world when he was 17, in 1891. He and his brother Theo performed card tricks in club in New York. They called themselves the Houdini Brothers. When Harry married in 1894, he and his wife Bess worked together as magician and assistant. But for a long time they were not very successful. Then Harry performed his first prison escape, in Chicago in 1898. Harry persuaded a detective to let him try to escape from the prison, and he invited the local newspapermen to watch.
It was the publicity(宣传) that came from this that started Harry Houdini’s success. Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs and toes trained to escape ankle chins. But his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors. Every time he went into the prison cell, Bess gave him a kiss for good luck — and a small skeleton key, which is a key that fits many locks, pass quickly from her mouth to his.
Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame. He arranged to escape from the local prison of every town he visited. In the afternoon, the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers, and in the evening every seat in the local theater would be full. What was the result? World-wild fame, and a name remembered today.
5. According to the passage, Houdini’s success in prison escapes depends on _______.
A. his special tricks and supernatural powers B. his unusual ability and a skeleton key
C. his magic tricks and unhuman powers D. his wisdom and magic tricks
6. In the fourth paragraph, the underlined word “this” refers to _______.
A. his first prison escape B. the year 1898 C. the publicity D. Harry Houdini’s success
7. It can be inferred from the passage that Houdini became famous _______.
A. in 1894 B. before he married C. at the age of 17 D. when he was about 24
8. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Skeleton Key B. A Man of Many Secrets
C. World-wild Fame D. Great Escape
A篇【答案与解析】
1. A词义猜测题。根据They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 可知这个词与癌症有关，故可推出carcinogenic意为“致癌的”。
2. C细节题。根据People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out.可知还没有人知道“苏丹红”名称的由来。
3. B推断题。根据EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.可知某些食品因含有“苏丹红”而被召回。故可推断“苏丹红”经常用作食品添加剂。
4. B主旨大意题。根据there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever. 可知本文主要讲“苏丹红”与苏丹这个国家是否有联系的问题，故B最佳。
B篇【答案与解析】本文介绍了Harry Houdini特技成功的经历和方法。
5. B。细节题。根据第4段第2句：Harry把手、脚都训练得很灵活来摆脱手链脚铐及第4句后半部分：妻子通过接吻传给他万能钥匙，可推知此题答案为B。
6. A。单词理解题。根据语境，this指上文所表演的事情：第一次越狱成功。由此可推知此题答案为A。
7. D。推断题。第3段第1句：他步入娱乐圈时是1891年，17岁；倒数第2句：第一次成功是18，时隔七年，应是24岁，可推知此题答案为D
8. D。主旨题。由文章第1段第2句：He was a man famous for his escapes — from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water，可知Harry 因逃脱出名，后面列举的例子谈的是他从监狱成功地逃出，所以答案为D。
篇5：高考阅读理解词义、句义猜测题应试技巧
高考阅读理解中，经常出现一定量的生词，并且每年总有二至四题直接考查词义、句义猜测。这充分体现了《教学大纲》和《考试说明》的要求，意在考查考生根据上下文推测生词短语含义的能力，突出考查语境的分析和把握能力。猜词能力不仅涉及到学生的语言知识水平，还涉及到学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平。
在阅读理解中，猜测词义、句义题的特点是对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的猜测。
一、常用设问形式：
1.The underlined word“...”refers to(means) ____.
2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word“...”?
3.What is the meaning of“...”as the words are used in the text?
4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to...(paragraph...)?
二、应试技巧
(一)词义猜测题
1.同义法：通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。
例①(NMET2003,C篇,65)
Fermat's Last Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word“baffle”as it is used in the text?
A.To encourage people to raise questions.
B.To cause difficulty in understanding.
C.To providea person with an explanation.
D.To limit people's imagination.
解析:由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat)，并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等并列关系，据此推断出baffle为“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。故答案为B。
2.反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反义词hot and cold, give and receive, perfect and imperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
例②(NMET,E篇,74)
A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
74.What does the under lined word “hassle”probably mean?
A.a party designed by specialists
B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D.a demand made by guests
解析:由前句的否定doesn't与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以推断出,为了庆祝孩子的生日,又不至于麻烦,可以买一个生日开心包。hassle的意思应该与fun相反,而与difficulty, trouble等相近。故答案为C。
3.释义法：在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
例③(NMET,D篇,68)
In 1066 the Norman sled by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language. England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction(区别)between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
68.Which of the following groups of words are,by inference, rooted in French?
A.president, lawyer, beef
B.president,bread,water
C.bread,field,water
D.folk,field,cow
解析：由English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German.可知英语的政治和法律词汇多来源于法语，所以president, lawyer来源于法语。由meat, at home ready to be cooked, shows the fact that the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.可知英语涉及食品的词汇具有一种特殊的区分：是在农田中放牧饲养的，还是在家庭里屠宰烹饪后端上餐桌的。例如：猪、牛、羊、鹿在放牧饲养时用本族语称为swine,ox,sheep,deer；但在屠宰烹饪后就用法语称呼为pork,beef,mutton,venison。所以beef来源于法语。故答案为A。
4.情景推断法：猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。
例④(NMET2002,B篇,62)
“Organic produce is always better,”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
62.What is the meaning of“the organic trend”as the words are used in the text?
A.growing interest in organic food
B.better quality of organic food
C.rising market for organic food
D.higher prices of organic food
解析：由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying...可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。故答案为A。
5.代词替代法：一般来讲，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再最后判定它是否为正确答案。
例⑤(NMET2001,C篇,66)
Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in super markets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels(标签)to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing(生产)of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.
66.The under lined word“it”in the fourth paragraph refers to ____.
A.a selling point
B.the company name
C. a great demand for health foods
D. the manufacturing of green products
解析：只要能分析出句中含有make+名词作宾补的准确语义。就可以得出在广告宣传中的卖点it是the manufacturing of clean and safe products=green products，故答案为D。
(二)句义推测
1.同义法
例⑥(NMET2001,B篇,60)
Holiday makers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo. Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted with his new hotel, the world's first igloo hotel. Built in a small town in Lapland, it has been attracting lots of visitors, but soon the fun will be over.
In two weeks' time Bergqvist's ice creation(作品)will be nothing more than a pool of water.“We don't see it as a big problem,”he says.“We just look forward to replacing it.”
60.When the writer says“the fun will be over,”he refers to the fact that ____.
A.hotel guests will be frightened at the thought of the hard test
B.Bergqvist's hotel will soon become a pool of water
C.holidaymakers will soon get tired of the big igloo
D.a bigger igloo will replace the present one
解析:由文中可以看出,igloo hotel在两周内将不复存在，而变成一泓清水(be nothing more than a pool of water)。游客住进冰屋是一种冒险的体验。A、C、D在文中未出现,故答案为B。
2.因果关系
在上下文中，由从属连词because,since,so等连接。据此，可根据已知的“因”推出未知的“果”。
例⑦(NMET,E篇,73)
Excused from recycling(回收利用)because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute(垃圾道)? You won't before long. Miami's Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too.
73.When he says“You won't before long”the writer means that____.
A.you'll soon be living in a cleaner building
B.rubbish chutes will become out of date before long
C.you won't wait long for your turn to recycle rubbish
D.it won't belong before you'll have to recycle your rubbish
解析：首先弄懂be excused from意为“被免于做某事”。而Mark Shantzis对垃圾道进行了改造，装上了垃圾分装盒，使居住在高层的人们免于对自家的垃圾分类并进行回收利用。因此，住高层的人们不久也要对垃圾进行分类回收利用了。由于文中未提到高层住宅卫生状况差以及本装置并未过时,而且在对垃圾的回收利用中,不会有轮着哪一家的情况。所以A，B，C皆不对,故答案为D。
3.情景推断法
例⑧(NMET'99,D篇,62)
Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth, put it best when she said to her father,“But Dad, you can't be healthy if you're dead.”
Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt-a mistake 75% of the US population make everyday. The big question is why.
There have been many myths about safety belts ever since their first appearance in cars some forty years ago.
62.Why did Elizabeth say to her father,“But,Dad, you can't be healthy if you're dead”?
A.He was driving at greatspeed.
B.He was running across the street.
C.He didn't have his safety belt on.
D.He didn't take his medicine on time.
解析：因匆忙回家，忘记系安全带。Elizabeth跟父亲说：“爸，如果人死了就谈不上健康了”可以推知答案为C。
文/李秀东
篇6：高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解题主要是由阅读短文和短文后的试题组成的。阅读理解短文选材广泛，内容丰富，往往涉及到日常生活、人物传记、国内外风土人情、故事传说、社会文化、政治经济、史地科技、自然现象、新闻报道、体育活动、广告说明、书信通知、目录等许多方面的内容。文体多采用叙述、描写、说明、议论及应用文等形式。近年来，高考阅读理解题都由五篇短文组成，一般分易、中、难三种难易程度。掌握高考英语阅读理解题的应试技巧，正确地理解和分析问题，考生应从以下几个方面入手：
一、 抓住文章的首段与末段及段落的首句和末句
文章的首段与末段、段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其它段落及句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句。了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。
二、 进行合理推断
对文章有了详细而全面的理解之后，就要按照文章内容，上下文的逻辑关系，作出推理判断。阅读理解涉及词汇、语法、句型、段落结构、文化背景等各方面知识。答题时，要领会句子之间的逻辑关系，特别是相邻句子之间的关系，这样有利于理解全文。表示逻辑关系的标志词是连接词、副词、代词、介词短语、关系词、插入语等，通读时应特别注意。如：if ， because， though， as， which， it， and，but，however，therefore，so，for example， so that，so．．．that, on (the) one hand．．．, on the other(hand)．．．等词语。它们在上下文中具有条件、原因、让步、指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的、承上启下等作用，正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用，对做阅读理解题是大有好处的。
三、 猜测推敲生词
阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通过对全篇短文的理解，就很有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。 猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： unforeseeable一词，其中词根为see, fore的含义是“早先、预先”的意思，un前缀是“不”的意思，因此可以猜知，此词词义为“未能预见的”。
四、 利用常识解题
多了解一些常识性知识有利于阅读理解。如果对文章的相关背景有所了解，读起文章一定既省时又省力。因此，在学习过程中，了解各方面的背景知识是十分重要的。考生应了解下列知识：
1．著名作家、艺术家及其主要作品；
2．科普常识：尽量了解有关生态平衡、环境污染、计算机应用、诺贝尔奖等方面的知识；
3．了解西方社会风土人情、社交活动、新年、圣诞节活动、宗教信仰、罢工斗争、失业现象、风俗习惯等；
4． 多看新闻联播、世界各地和各类英语讲座等节目；
5． 使用各种工具书，查阅各类名词、术语、重大事件；
6． 熟记常用的缩略词语。
五、 正确理解题干
纵观历年高考试题，阅读理解试题一般有以下几种题型：一是直接回答who，whom，which，what，where，when，why，how等疑问词引起的细节问题；二是猜测词义题；三是推理判断题；四是综合概括题。 在做阅读理解题时，一定要仔细看完、看清楚试题要求再作答，特别要注意NOT, TRUE, EXCEPT等词。有时，要先看题后阅读文章，带着问题去读短文，可缩短阅读时间，效果也许会更好。
总之，阅读理解试题是高考试题中最重要的一项内容，占有举足轻重的地位。如果考生按上述答题方法去做，再做些适当的练习，一定会在阅读理解试题上取得比较理想的成绩。
河北 李明 张雪峰
转自:高老师英语教学资源网
篇7：学会在阅读中猜测词义
作者：张和平
海贝：老师，我们在学习的过程中阅读了大量的英语读物，但遇到不少生词。虽说通过查阅词典可以理解文章，但很耽误时间，您有什么好的办法吗？
老师：首先可以肯定的是你经常阅读英语材料是非常正确的。至于生词，查阅词典也是帮助我们解决问题的一个办法。但是，为了提高阅读速度我们应该学会猜测词义。
海贝：老师，那么怎样才能准确无误地猜出这些生词的词义呢？
老师：方法很多。第一，我们可以通过上下文的线索去猜测。一个单词在段落中不是孤立的，它必然同前后词语有一定的关联，借助于这些与其相关的词语我们可以准确地猜出词义。
第二，就是通过解释或说明猜测词义。如下面一段话：
A hobby is something you enjoy doing. A hobby is not a job or a school subject. It's not something you need to do. It's just something you like to do. It's fun!
这一段中作者对什么是hobby进行了详细的解释，由此可以猜出它的词义就是“爱好”。
第三，通过构词法、同义词、反义词等猜测词义。譬如：
Mary is my friend. She is very friendly to me. In she left here for Shenzhen. She has been away from here for three years.
借助构词法我们可以从friend知道friendly的词义，通过“她'离开'这里”，我们可以推测出has been away的确切含义。
海贝：老师，耽误了您这么长时间真不好意思。Thank you very much.
篇8：GRE阅读怎样猜测词义
GRE阅读怎样猜测词义
GRE文章是论证性文字，不是说明性文字，也不是叙述性文字。这种以论证为特点的文字，及于GRE阅读文章的各个层面：“篇章—段落—句子—单词”。篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后句由表示论证关系的词汇连接，而体现论证的意义的单词最重要。
因此，要真懂得文章，就必须把所有那些表现论证的字、词、句抓出。但是面对浩如烟海的GRE词汇，我们如何才能做到准确的去把握词义，把握文章的主要内容呢?
首先要说的是，在阅读教学的研究当中，语言学家们发现，一篇文章中不认识的单词占全文词汇总量的比例只要控制在8%以内，是绝对不会影响到我们对全文任何观点的理解的。基于这一点，我们大家大可不必因为遇到了几个我们完全没见过的奇形怪状的单词而感到头痛和挣扎。因为它们不足以对我们理解文章产生影响。
但同时，我们在阅读文章的过程中也常常会碰到这样的一种单词，那就是专有名词，尤其是涉及全文主题的专有名词，难道我们就必须一一认识它?答案显然是否定的。什么叫做认识专有名词?从英到汉的翻译叫做认识?还是知道专有名词的特征叫做认识?读者请想想看，我们在阅读理解中有没有遇到过这样的问题提法：What is sedge root? 我想没有，因为这种问法是在问专有名词的翻译。我们遇到的更多是这样的一些问法：According to the passage, which of the following statements about sedge root is true? What can be inferred from the passage about sedge root? 这些问题的提法却是在问专有名词的文中阐述特征。我们再从文章本身对这个问题做出进一步的分析。
假设原文有这样一句话：Sedge root, a woody fiber that can be easily separated into strands, is essential to basketry production. 请问sedge root的中文翻译“莎草的根” 能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目吗?我想很难!真正能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目的应该是这样的文字a woody fiber (木制纤维)和定语从句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能够轻易地被分割成线)。通过以上的分析，想必大家已经非常清楚地认识到，过去我们拼命去死记硬背专有名词的中文释义是多么愚蠢的行为。因为真正的认识应该是对特征的认识，所以一个专有名词和他的中文释义对我们来说是没有任何意义的，毕竟我们对它们都没有任何的概念。
最后很多人都说我们可以从上下文中猜出单词的释义，难道真的是这样么? 笔者认为从上下文中猜出单词的释义是不现实的。例如有这样一句话“Supernova is a massive star which undergoes gravitational collapse.” 我们是不可能从上下文中猜出supernova的释义“超新星”的。而我们真正能够做到的只是从上下文中猜出单词的特征：supernova是巨大的恒星(massive star)，它在进行引力收缩(undergoes gravitational collapse)。于是以后当我们遇到不认识的单词，我们可以再也不用停下来思考单词的释义，也不用费尽思量地去猜所谓的单词的释义，我们需要做的只是静下心来在后面找到单词在文章当中传达的特征就可以.
新GRE逻辑阅读
1.A new and more aggressive form of the fungus that caused the Irish potato famine of the nineteenthcentury has recently arisen. However, since this new form of the fungus can be killed by increased application of currently used fungicides, it is unlikely that the fungus will cause widespread food shortages in countries that currently rely on potatoes for sustenance.Which of the following, if true, most calls into question the conclusion in the argument above?
(A) Though potatoes are an important staple crop in many parts of the world, people in most countries rely primarily on wheat or rice for sustenance.
(B) Potato farmers in many countries to which the new form of the fungus has spread cannot afford to increase their spending on fungicides.
(C) The new form of the fungus first began to spread when contaminated potato seeds were inadvertently exported from a major potato-exporting country.
(D) Potato farmers in most countries use several insecticides on their crops in addition to fungicides of the sort that kill the new form of the fungus.
(E) Most governments have funds set aside that can be used to alleviate the effects of large-scale disasters such as severe food shortages and floods.
2.As government agencies, faced with budget difficul- ties, reduce their funding for scientific research, a greater amount of such research is being funded by private foundations. This shift means that research projects likely to produce controversial results will almost certainly comprise a smaller proportion of all funded research projects, since private foundations, concerned about their public image, tend to avoid controversy. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Only research that is conducted without concern for the possibility of generating controversy is likely to produce scientifically valid results.
(B) Private foundations that fund scientific research projects usually recognize that controversial results from those projects cannot always be avoided.
(C) Scientists who conduct research projects funded by private foundations are unlikely to allow the concerns of the funding organizations to influ- ence the manner in which they conduct the research.
(D) Many government agencies are more concerned about their public image than are most private foundations.
(E) Government agencies are more willing than are private foundations to fund research projects that are likely to produce controversial results.
3.Juries in criminal trials do not base verdicts on uncor- roborated testimony given by any one witness. Rightly so, because it is usually prudent to be highly skeptical of unsubstantiated claims made by any one person. But then, to be consistent, juries should end an all- too-common practice: convicting defendants on the basis of an uncorroborated full confession. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
(A) Juries often acquit in cases in which a defendant retracts a full confession made before trial.
(B) The process of jury selection is designed to screen out people who have a firm opinion about the defendant's guilt in advance of the trial.
(C) Defendants sometimes make full confessions when they did in fact do what they are accused of doing and have come to believe that the prose- cutor has compelling proof of this.
(D) Highly suggestible people who are accused of wrongdoing sometimes become so unsure of their own recollection of the past that they can come to accept the accusations made against them.
(E) Many people believe that juries should not con- vict defendants who have not made a full con- fession.
4.Although spinach is rich in calcium, it also contains large amounts of oxalic acid, a substance that greatly impedes calcium absorption by the body. Therefore, other calcium-containing foods must be eaten either instead of or in addition to spinach if a person is to be sure of getting enough calcium.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argu-ment above?
(A)Rice, which does not contain calcium, counteracts the effects of oxalic acid on calcium absorption.
(B) Dairy products, which contain even more calcium than spinach does, are often eaten by people who eat spinach on a regularbasis.
(C) Neither the calcium nor the oxalic acid in spinach is destroyed when spinach is cooked.
(D) Many leafy green vegetables other than spinach that are rich in calcium also contain high concentrations of oxalic acid.
(E) Oxalic acid has little effect on the body's ability to absorb nutrients other than calcium.
5.Joyce: Three years ago the traffic commission modified our town's busiest intersection for better visibility, a commendable effort to cut down on traffic accidents there. Gary: Over the past three years there have been more, not fewer, traffic accidents per week at that intersection, so the modification has increased the likelihood of accidents there The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating Gary's argument?
(A) What proportion of the town's drivers involved in accidents that occurred prior to the modification suffered personal injury in their accidents?
(B) How long, on average, had the members of the traffic commission held their offices when the modification was implemented?
(C) Do a majority of the town's residents approve of the traffic commission's overall performance?
(D) What measures have nearby towns taken within the last three years in order to improve visibil- ity at dangerous intersections?
(E) How has the volume of traffic at the town's busiest intersection changed over the last three years?
6. Women make up the majority of the population in the country, and many of the prescriptions written by doctors for tranquilizers are for women patients. The testing of these drugs for efficacy and the calibration of recommended doses, however, was done only on men. Not even the animals used to test toxicity were female. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following as a conclusion?
(A) Some tranquilizers are more appropriately pre- scribed for women than for men.
(B) There have been no reports of negative side effects from prescribed tranquilizers in women
(C) Tranquilizers are prescribed for patients in some instances when doctors do not feel confident of
their diagnoses.
(D) The toxicity of drugs to women is less than the toxicity of the same drugs to men.
(E) Whether the recommended dosages of tranquil- izers are optimal for women is not known.
7. Gray wolves have been absent from a large national
park for decades. Park officials wish to reestablish the wolves without jeopardizing any existing species of wildlife there. Since the park contains adequate prey for the wolves and since the wolves avoid close contact with people, reintroducing them would serve the officials' purpose without seriously jeopardizing visitors' safety. Each of the following, if true, strengthens the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) The park is so large that wolves will not need to venture into areas frequented by people.
(B) Rabies is very rare in wolves, and there have been no verified cases of serious human injuries from nonrabid wild wolves since records have been kept.
(C) Ranchers in the region near the park have expressed concern that gray wolves, if reintro- duced, would sometimes prey on their livestock.
(D) Predation by gray wolves on elk in the park is likely to improve the health and viability of the park's elk population as a whole by reducing malnutrition among the elk.
(E) Wolves do not prey on animals of any endangered species that currently inhabit the park.
8. Osteoporosis is a disease that reduces bone mass, lead- ing to fragile bones that break easily. Current treat- ments for osteoporosis such as estrogen or calcitonin help prevent further loss of bone but do not increase bone mass. Since fluoride is known to increase bone mass, administering fluoride to osteoporosis patients would therefore help make their bones less susceptible to breaking. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Most people who suffer from osteoporosis are not aware that administration of fluoride can increase bone mass.
(B) Fluoride is added to drinking water in many locations in order to strengthen the teeth of people who drink the water.
(C) The risk of contracting osteoporosis and other degenerative bone diseases is lessened by exer-
cise and an adequate intake of calcium.
(D) Unlike administration of fluoride, administration of estrogen or calcitonin is known to cause undesirable side effects for many people.
(E) The new bone mass that is added by the admin- istration of fluoride is more brittle and less elastic than normal bone tissue.
9. The closest distance from which an asteroid has been photographed using ground-based radar is 2.2 million miles, the distance from which the asteroid Toutatis was recently photographed. The closest photograph of an asteroid is of Gaspra, which was photographed from a distance of only 10,000 miles. Which of the following can be properly concluded from the statements above?
(A) Toutatis is more likely to collide with the Earththan Gaspra is.
(B) Toutatis, unlike Gaspra, has only recently been discovered.
(C) Asteroids can be photographed only by using ground-based radar.
(D) Ground-based radar photography cannot take photographs of objects much beyond 2.2 million miles from Earth.
(E) The photograph of Gaspra was not taken using ground-based radar.
10. Which of the following most logically completes the argument below? Alone among living species, human beings experience adolescence, a period of accelerated physical growth prior to full maturity.Whether other hominid species, which are now all extinct and are known only through thefossil record, went through adolescence cannot be known, since
(A) the minimum acceleration in physical growth that would indicate adolescence might differ
according to species
(B) the fossil record, though steadily expanding, will always remain incomplete
(C) detecting the adolescent growth spurt requires measurements on the same individual at differ- ent ages
(D) complete skeletons of extinct hominids are extremely rare
(E) human beings might be the first species to bene- fit from the survival advantages, if any, conferred by adolescence
11. Fossils of the coral Acrocora palmata that date from the last period when glaciers grew and consequently spread from the polar regions are found at ocean depths far greater than those at which A. palmata can now survive. Therefore, although the fossilized A. palmata appears indistinguishable from A. palmata now living, it must have differed in important respects to have been able to live in deep water. The argument depends on the assumption that
(A) no fossils of the coral A. palmata have been found that date from periods when glaciers were not spreading from the polar regions
(B) geological disturbances since the last period during which glaciers spread have caused no major downward shift in the location of A. palmata fossils
(C) A. palmata now live in shallow waters in most of the same geographical regions as those in which deep-lying A. palmata fossils have been found
(D) A. palmata fossils have been found that date from each of the periods during which glaciers are known to have spread from the polar region
(E) A. palmata can live at greater depths where the ocean temperature is colder than they can where the ocean temperature is warmer
12.Conservationists have believed that by concentrating their preservation efforts on habitats rich in an easily surveyed group of species, such as birds, they would thereby be preserving areas rich in overall species diversity. This belief rests on a view that a geographical area rich in one group of species will also be rich in the other groups characteristic of the entire regional climate zone.
Which of the following findings about widely scattered tracts 10 kilometers by 10 kilometers in a temperate climate zone would most seriously challenge the conservationists' assumptions?
(A) The tracts show little damage from human intrusion and from pollution by human activities.
(B) Where a certain group of species, such as birds, is abundant, there is also an abundance of the species, such as insects, on which that group of species feeds, or in the case of plants, of the land and water resources it requires.
(C) The area of one of the tracts is generally large enough to contain a representative sample of the organisms in the region.
(D) There is little overlap between the list of tracts that are rich in species of butterflies and the list of those that are rich in species of birds.
(E) The highest concentration of individuals of rare species is found where the general diversity of species is greatest.
篇9：高考英语阅读理解细节理解题解题技巧
一、语义转换题 —— 跳读查找法
通常情况下,细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解,同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定最佳答案。
运用跳读查找法时,同学们要特别注意试题(包括选项)与原文之间的适当变换。从近几年的高考题来看,很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的,而通常要进行语义转换,其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。
二、生活应用题 —— 常识理解法
生活应用题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。高考题有时也会出现这类题,运用一定的生活常识并结合文意即可选出最佳答案。
三、细节排序题 —— 首尾定位法
这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序。同学们在做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”,即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,然后缩小选择范围,从而能快速选出正确答案。
四、寻找信息题 —— 题干定位法
快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时刻表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,宜采用“题干定位法”。根据题干中提供的信息,快速从原文中找到相应的信息。
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