雅思阅读新变化之段落标记题
“清水莲子”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇雅思阅读新变化之段落标记题，下面就是小编给大家带来的雅思阅读新变化之段落标记题，希望大家喜欢阅读!
篇1：雅思阅读新变化之段落标记题
雅思阅读新变化之段落标记题的减少带来的影响为你带来在近年的雅思阅读中出现的一个变化——段落标记题的减少所带来的一系列的应对措施和备考策略。雅思阅读题量大，时间短，题型多。不得不说历来它的变化左右了我们的平均做题时间和正确率。近年来的关于雅思阅读题型方面的出现频率和配比变化值得关注。
很多刚入门的考生在备考雅思阅读过程中，很少会去注意近几年雅思阅读的变化。
实际上，雅思阅读新变化正在悄悄发生。
备考策略千千万万，只照搬前辈们的经验可不行哦，如果能针对这些变化，调整更新备考策略，对备考效率有一定帮助哦~
今天我们就来为大家盘点雅思阅读新变化及备考复习建议。
对考生来说雅思阅读最大的挑战就是题量和做题速度的较量!
词汇语法跟不上或是技巧不熟练都会影响到阅读的发挥，怎么办?
在雅思考试过程中，阅读的提分还是相对比较容易的，尽管题量大、内容学术性也很强，但考生们需要注意的是，雅思阅读考察的一个考生的阅读理解能力而不是阅读速度的能力，并不需要考生完全阅读完全部内容再做题。
篇2：雅思阅读新变化之段落标记题
根据近几年的雅思考试统计，雅思阅读题量上发生了变化——
填空题、选择题和配对题，选择题的题量增多，而段落标记题则减少，对于考生来说这是好事，毕竟阅读考试时间有限，段落标记题特别耗时间而且容易连错。
作为阅读核心题型，填空题除了传统的考法，出题形式更加丰富，比如完成句子，流程图、表格或示意图等。
雅思阅读备考策略
英语阅读是我们从小练到大的，因此阅读也是同学们最容易备考、最容易提分的一科，但毕竟雅思阅读难度更高，时间紧、任务重，要想高效备考，应该怎么做呢。
今天主要就从阅读考查能力
提升方法&考试注意事项
这两大个方面来讲一下阅读备考应该怎么做~
俗话说得好，知己知彼，烤鸭不方。只有先了解了考试考什么，考查哪些方面的能力，才能有针对性地备考。
雅思考试阅读部分的题型主要有填空题、选择题、匹配题、判断题这四种题型，无论何种考查形式，题目都是建立在理解文章的基础上的，也就是说只要理解了文章，才能以不变应万变。
那么，要想理解一篇文章，你需要具备哪些能力呢?
1
词汇及短语认知
考查点
单词是英语学习的基础，要想看懂一篇文章，你一定不能有太多的生词，拿到一篇文章的时候，只有保证大部分单词及短语表达都认识，才有可能通过语境推断出自己不认识的单词含义。这样才有可能看懂文章，看懂题目。
备考
既然单词这么重要的话，那毫无疑问大家就需要去背单词了，多看词汇书，做到看到每个单词就能马上反应过来它的汉语意思。
关于单词书的话，需要的童鞋参考这里(戳文字)：
其实雅思考试中常说的同义替换，也就是单词和短语的积累量，如果你词汇量够大，文章和题目中的单词都认识，那么自然就知道哪两个单词或短语是同义词。
因此，同义替换的根本还是在于单词和短语的积累。
参考资料：
3000+雅思高分替换词，让你的口语作文瞬间变高大上!
2
句法理解
考查点
句子是比单词和短语高一级的表意单元，其中涉及到了一些语法的知识，即使所有单词、短语都认识，也有可能会出现句子读不懂的情况。
有些题目就是和特定的句子挂钩的，需要你理解特定句子的含义，那么语法这一块的知识大家就需要加强，最重要的是要做句子分析。
27.
But they do not go to museums to read original manus of novels, perhaps because the availability of novels has depended on __ for so long, and also because with novels, the underlying ideas are the most important thing.
<剑桥 10 test2 第 27 题>
解析 ：
本题目在文章中的对应句子为第二段的第二句：This might be explained by the fact that the novel has evolved precisely because of technological developments that made it possible to print out huge numbers of texts,....
这个题目备选项容易搞混的有 I basic technology 和 B massproduction,但是我们再看原文中的这个句子，fact 后面是一个同位语从句，在这个同位语从句中有个because of 引导的原因状语 technological developments，然后原文又用了一个定语从句来修饰这个 technological development，意思是“技术进步使得印刷大量的文本成为可能”。
那么题目中是问获得小说依赖于什么，根据原文是依赖于大规模生产的，这是直接原因，原文中的 make... possible 对应的是题目中的 depend on，技术进步是根本原因，而不是直接原因。因此，如果不理解这个句子的内部结构，就很容易看到 technological developments 选了错误的答案。
备考
这个部分大家需要做的练习就是长难句分析与翻译~
3
识别语义和逻辑关系
考查点
在理解句子的过程中，大家不仅要掌握语法知识，还要注意一些逻辑连接词，这些词可能是显性的，如because、and、the most，也有可能是隐性的，如 lead to、rare、least 等。这些逻辑关系词的存在有助于大家理解句子结构内部、句子之间甚至段落之间的关系，也可能是与具体的题目相联系的。这一部分的练习必不可少。
上一点中提到的例子也是可以适用于这一部分的，make...possible 就是隐藏的因果关系，科技进步使得大量印刷文本成为可能，而能够获得小说就是大规模印刷。由此可见，识别逻辑关系在雅思阅读中也是非常重要的。
备考
关于语义和逻辑关系的练习，主要包括最高级、因果关系、比较关系和否定四个部分。大家自己在读文章的过程中可以去特别留意一下是否有隐藏的逻辑关系，做一下相关训练。
参考：
【雅思干货】读懂逻辑，雅思阅读7分只是及格线!
4
文章结构
考查点
把握好文章结构，有助于多重题型的定位，如一些带有段落标题的填空题、匹配题中的 heading 题等。在做具体细节的题目时，大家也可以根据文章结构来完成初步的段落定位，提高做题速度。
我们可以一起来看一下剑桥 13 test3 的第一篇文章，通过每段的首句来了解文章结构。
The coconut palm
Para.1
For millennia, the coconut has been central to the lives of Polynesian and Asian peoples.
Para.2
Typically, we envisage coconuts as brown cannonballs that, when opened, provide sweet white flesh. But we see only parts of the fruit and now of the plant from which they come.
(根据 typically 这个词，我们可以推断出接下来的句子是这个段落的重点，因此，这里放的是两个句子。)
Para.3
Coconut palms produce as many as seventy fruits per year, weighing more than a kilogram each.
Para.4
Inside the shell are the nutrients (endosperm) needed by the developing seed.
Para.5
Their biology would appear to make coconuts the great maritime voyagers and coastal colonizers of the plant world.
Para.6
There have been centuries of academic debate over the origins of the coconut.
从段落的首句我们可以看出，这篇文章的结构还是比较清楚的，分别介绍了 coconut——椰子树——椰果——椰子壳——椰子的生物特性——起源这六个方面，大家只要熟悉了这个结构，直接就可以根据填空题对应到文章的二、三、四段，而且每个段落的题目对应都非常明确。
备考
虽然不是每篇文章的结构都像这篇这么清晰明了，但是一篇文章的行文思路是一定有的，那么我们在阅读的时候就要有意识地去思考它的整体框架是怎么样的，建议大家在阅读的时候可以做一下笔记，这样就可以根据笔记把文章的整体思路捋出来。
提高了阅读能力，大家还有一些考场事项需要注意。
注意事项
看清题目要求
读题的重要性就不多说了，大家在考试的时候需要留意一下填空题要写几个单词，备选项是否可以重复选择。
如果是判断题，是要写 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 还是 /TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN，考试的时候尽量写全，不要单写一个字母。
这些要求与阅读能力无关，但却能实实在在地影响你的考试分数，所以千万不要在这些问题上失误。
?注意拼写和语法
错误的拼写和语法会扣分，这一点也非常重要，因此在考试的时候，记得仔细检查一下拼写和语法的问题。
猜对也是一种
能力
尽管我们在考前已经尽力提升自己了，但是我们仍然无法确保自己能够读懂试卷上的所有内容。这时当然要猜，或者说——推测。在阅读过程中，根据已知内容去推测不知道的内容也是阅读能力考查的一部分。碰到不懂的内容，放轻松，拿出看侦探片的推理本事吧!
按文章顺序找到答案
雅思文章的题目大部分都是按照行文思路来的，因此大家在做题的时候整体上应该是顺序的。建议大家在考试的时候按照“文章标题、段落首句(了解文章结构)——了解题型(根据前一步完成一部分题型)——了解段落内容(了解细节信息，帮助做后面的题目)——做题”这个顺序来做题。
把自己当做一张白纸
「把自己当成一张白纸」指的是在阅读的过程中，应当保持读到的信息不受其他因素干扰。雅思的阅读材料大多数是科普文章，如果恰巧你对于其中的某些知识有所了解的时候，千万不要被自己已有的知识影响到对于文章的理解。
答题应该是「从试卷上，并且仅从试卷上」获得信息。
以上就是雅思阅读新变化之段落标记题的减少带来的影响的全部内容，总的来说，段落标记题的减少对于我们来说有更多好的影响。因为它是一种费时正确率不太高的题型。它的减少意味着其他的题型出现频率升高，更利于我们快速做题，提高正确率。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
Food agency takes on industry over junk labels
Felicity Lawrence
The Guardian
1.Consumers are to be presented with two rival new year advertising campaigns as the Food Standards Agency goes public in its battle with the industry over the labelling of unhealthy foods.
2.The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red，amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs，which is designed to tackle Britain's obesity epidemic.
3.The campaign is a direct response to a concerted attempt by leading food manufacturers and retailers，including Kellogg's and Tesco，to derail the system.The industry fears that traffic lights would demonise entire categories of foods and could seriously damage the market for those that are fatty，salty or high in sugar.
4.The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth ?1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.
5.The industry is planning a major marketing campaign for a competing labelling system which avoids colour-coding in favour of information about the percentage of “guideline daily amounts” (GDAs) of fat，salt and sugar contained in their products.
6.The battle for the nation's diet comes as new rules on television advertising come into force in January which will bar adverts for unhealthy foods from commercial breaks during programmes aimed at children.Sources at the TV regulators are braced for a legal challenge from the industry and have described the lobbying efforts to block any new ad ban or colour-coded labelling as “the most ferocious we've ever experienced”.
7.Ofcom's chief executive，Ed Richards，said: “We are prepared to face up to any legal action from the industry，but we very much hope it will not be necessary.” The FSA said it was expecting an onslaught from the industry in January.Senior FSA officials said the manufacturers' efforts to undermine its proposals on labelling could threaten the agency's credibility.
8.Terrence Collis，FSA director of communications，dismissed claims that the proposals were not based on science.“We have some of the most respected scientists in Europe，both within the FSA and in our independent advisory committees.It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA's scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.”
9.The FSA is understood to have briefed its ad agency，United，before Christmas，and will aim to air ads that are “non-confrontational，humorous and factual” as a counterweight to industry's efforts about the same time.The agency，however，will have a tiny fraction of the budget available to the industry.
10.Gavin Neath，chairman of Unilever UK and president of the Food and Drink Federation，has said that the industry has made enormous progress but could not accept red “stop” signs on its food.
11.Alastair Sykes，chief executive of Nestlé UK，said that under the FSA proposals all his company's confectionery and most of its cereals would score a red.“Are we saying people shouldn't eat confectionery? We're driven by consumers and what they want，and much of what we do has been to make our products healthier,” he said.
12.Chris Wermann，director of communications at Kellogg's，said: “In principle we could never accept traffic light labelling.”
13.The rival labelling scheme introduced by Kellogg's，Danone，Unilever，Nestlé，Kraft and Tesco and now favoured by 21 manufacturers，uses an industry-devised system based on identifying GDAs of key nutrients.Tesco says it has tested both traffic lights and GDA labels in its stores and that the latter increased sales of healthier foods.
14.But the FSA said it could not live with this GDA system alone because it was “not scientific” or easy for shoppers to understand at a glance.
Questions 1-6
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
1.When will instructions be given on reading the color-coded labels?
2.Where can customers find the red light labels?
3.What problem is the FSA trying to handle with the labeling system?
4.Which product sells well but may not be healthy?
5.What information，according to the manufacturers，can be labeled on products?
6.What can not be advertised during children's programmes?
Questions 7-13
Use the information in the text to match the people (listed A-E) with the opinions (listed 7-13) below. Write the appropriate letter (A-E) for questions 1-7.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
A Ed Richard
B Terrence Collis
C Gavin Neath
D Alastair Sykes
E Chris Wermann
7.Generally we will not agree to use the red light labels.
8.It is unreasonable to doubt if FSA is trustworthy.
9.We are trying to meet our consumers’ needs.
10.The food industry has been improving greatly.
11.The color-coded labeling system is scientific.
12.Our products will be labeled unhealthy by the FSA.
13.We are ready to confront the manufacturers.
Answer keys:
1.答案：(in) January (见第2段：The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain's obesity epidemic.)
2.答案：food packs/packaging (见第2段：The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain's obesity epidemic. 或者在第4段中也提到另一个答案：The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth ?1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.)
3.答案：(Britain’s) obesity epidemic (见第2段：The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain's obesity epidemic.)www.ExamW.CoM
4.答案：(breakfast) cereals (见第4段：The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth ?1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.)
5.答案：guieline daily amounts/GDAs (见第5段：The industry is planning a major marketing campaign for a competing labelling system which avoids colour-coding in favour of information about the percentage of “guideline daily amounts” (GDAs) of fat, salt and sugar contained in their products.)
6.答案：unhealthy foods (见第6段第1句：The battle for the nation's diet comes as new rules on television advertising come into force in January which will bar adverts for unhealthy foods from commercial breaks during programmes aimed at children.)
7.答案：E (见第12段：Chris Wermann, director of communications at Kellogg's, said: “In principle we could never accept traffic light labelling.” )
8.答案：B (见第8段最后一句：It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA's scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.)
9.答案：D (见第11段最后1句：We're driven by consumers and what they want, and much of what we do has been to make our products healthier.)
10.答案：C (见第10段:Gavin Neath, chairman of Unilever UK and president of the Food and Drink Federation, has said that the industry has made enormous progress but could not accept red “stop” signs on its food.)
11.答案：B (见第8段：Terrence Collis, FSA director of communications, dismissed claims that the proposals were not based on science. “We have some of the most respected scientists in Europe, both within the FSA and in our independent advisory committees. It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA's scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.”)
12.答案：D (见第11段第1句：Alastair Sykes, chief executive of Nestlé UK, said that under the FSA proposals all his company's confectionery and most of its cereals would score a red.)
13.答案：A (见第7段第1句：Ofcom's chief executive, Ed Richards, said: “We are prepared to face up to any legal action from the industry, but we very much hope it will not be necessary.”)
篇3：雅思阅读技巧之完胜HEADING题
雅思阅读技巧之完胜HEADING题
如果要做好heading题，除了平时要不断地扩展自己的词汇量以外，另一个基本功也是不可少的，因为考试时间是有限的，不可能让大家真的像做阅读理解一样把文章的每一句都看懂都能翻译了再把内容归纳起来。所以，的专家在这里为广大雅思考生介绍一个做heading题的好帮手——skimming。Skimming，其实就是快速浏览的意思。那一篇近1000字的英语文章要浏览哪些内容呢?其实很简单，首先是看那些比较显眼的东西，例如大标题，小标题，数字，粗体字和斜体字等等，这样会对接下来做题目定位有一定的帮助。其次是看首段以及每一段的第一句话，因为第一段是整篇文章的开始，由于学术类文章的特性，很少会有像散文那样先铺垫个一大堆酝酿一下情绪再把中心描述出来，一般雅思A类阅读文章都是比较开门见山，第一段就会告诉我们整篇文章在讲什么，可能会从哪些方面来阐述。而其他段落的第一句也是比较重要的，要让看的人知道作者想要表达的中心，每段的第一句话就是最好地位置去说明且让人印象深刻的。例如剑六test 3 passage 2,说到要鼓励员工的关键几点，几乎每一段的第一句话都是一句重要的主题句。
此外，skimming的过程中要擅于快速抓住这句话中的中心词，因为中心词一般都会在配对的heading list当中有所体现。我们就以这篇文章为例，key point one这段的第一句是there is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs.从这句话中，我们skimming出的中心词是matching people to jobs，所以这段对应的答案就是ensure employees are suited to their jobs.动词matching和suited表达的含义是一致的。那么有些同学会问要怎样快速地skimming出一句话的中心词呢?这其实跟我们的长句分析功力很有关系。阅读文章一定是复杂句为多，因此要读懂句子必须还是从句子的最根本开始，就是找到最原始的三元素——主谓宾成分。
主语和宾语一般都是名词，谓语则是以动词为多，再摒弃掉一些修饰成分。分析句子的能力是希望大家在平时有所练习的，但是如果当考试时时间比较紧张，可以先找名词，再找动词。仍是以上面那句话为例，上句话中的名词有abundance，evidence，benefits，people和jobs，一看名词就可以知道比较重要的而且相互之间有关系的就是后面三个名词，人和工作之间怎样做会有好处。然后看动词，这时候看动词要建立在之前看名词的基础上，因为已经分析出有关系的是后面3个名词，所以就看下后面三个名词之间的动词，所以就有result from和matching，这个时候这句话的中心含义就基本出来了，代入之前3个名词的关系里面，就会知道人和工作之间要搭配合适才能有好处，导致利益的产生，所以跟标题选项中的那个答案不谋而合，很轻松就能选出答案而且还能预测出接下来的内容就是要举例说明什么是人和工作的契合搭配了。
除了skimming文章首段和每一段首句，最后还要看下每一段的末句，尤其是末句出现了类似于this is, thus, therefore之类总结性词的句子，因为这些句子很有可能是对前文的一种概括，句中的词也是经常会在heading当中出现的。当然skimming的方法还是跟之前讲到的一样，以抓主谓宾为主。当然，有的时候并不是看了首尾两句话就能轻易找出答案的，有时也会需要对整个段落内容进行概括。那这种时候，还是有些句子要仔细看，有些句子就略过没有必要细看。哪些句子是属于skimming的范围呢?例如一些转折句，出现but, however, despite等等的句子，又例如一些举例之前的句子，for example和such as前的那句话。
雅思阅读突破7分怎么做?
雅思阅读7分瓶颈?在回答这个问题之前，我们必须先弄清雅思阅读考试究竟考查考生什么。关于这个话题大家通常有两种认识：一类人认为雅思阅读对词汇和语法的要求很高，所以会使一些烤鸭们自认为词汇量不够而失去信心和勇气;另一类人则认为雅思阅读考试技巧和策略起主导作用，甚至有人荒.唐地认为光靠技巧和策略就可以对付雅思阅读考试。
以上两种说法都是极端的，总结得出比较科学的认识应该为：雅思阅读考试首先考查的是考生的基本功，它对考生的词汇、语法和理解力都有一定的要求，但通常都是些常见的词汇和语法;同时，雅思阅读考试题型覆盖面广，题量大。
由于阅读量大，文章之学术性等特点决定了考试时间之紧迫，所以考试技巧和策略在阅读考试中就显得尤为重要。考生如果不是实力非凡，如果不熟悉任何技巧和策略，在阅读考试中往往只是“蛮干”的话，就会导致时间不够。
同样，考生如果只依靠技巧和策略，自身没有一定的词汇和理解力的话，时间也许会够，但是往往正确率很低。所以最好的办法就是基本功和技巧策略结合起来，这样考生就能在阅读考试中立于不败之地。
至于怎样突破雅思阅读7分瓶颈，我们还是先来看看考生一般会遇到哪些瓶颈。分析发现常见的考生难以突破的症状主要有：
1.常见词汇缺乏，基础不扎实：雅思阅读考试确实无时无刻不涉及到词汇的检测，但大多是一些常见词汇。本文笔者所教的阅读9分学员中大部分都是在读的高二学生，而很多阅读7分以上的学员都是在读的高一学生和大学英语6级通过者。这个事实说明考生只要具备扎实的基本功，词汇量不一定要多大，背的单词也不一定要多难。
2. 技巧策略空白：前面我们提到雅思阅读考试的几个主要特点(题型覆盖面广，题量大，阅读量大，文章之学术性及高频率的同义转换)，这些特点势必决定了雅思阅读考试时间的紧迫性。考生如果对雅思阅读考试的技巧策略一无所知的话，肯定会出现时间严重不足或时间勉强够但正确率不高的现象。笔者曾经遇到过几个已经在国外学习的学员，他们最初的想法都是自己基础不错应该可以考出理想的雅思成绩，于是他们去考了几次，但是一直突破不了7分的瓶颈，后来，他们意识到问题出在技巧策略上所以最后选择上了的VIP课程或班级的课程。
3.自负：教了无以计数的雅思学员，对学员的学习态度和雅思阅读成绩我得出这样一个结论：越谦虚，越容易爆高分。曾经有一个学员平时都是默默无的，一直到各科进入了模考我们才发现他很厉害，一问他是英语专业大二的学生，最后他听力考了9分，阅读考了8.5分，均分7.5的好成绩。
雅思阅读是听说读写四门中技巧和策略最多的一门，有些基础不错的学生在头几次课中会不屑于听老师讲这些理论的东西，但是进入一模(第一次模考)就发现老师反复唠叨的那些东西都是宝，然后赶紧找别人的笔记抄或想办法补课。
4. 过于主观：雅思阅读考试所有40道题基本上都是客观题。考生在答题时就好像法官在断案，你最后的答案必须有据可查、有法可依。考生必须确保每道题在原文都能找到依据，而不是主观臆断和推测。这一点上，依笔者的经验，高中生比大学生和参加工作者占优势，他们社会阅历缺乏，在解题时往往不会参与任何主观看法，所以在阅读考试中往往容易出高分。而大学生和已工作者在解题时会不由自主地参与主观想法，导致很多题目出错。
5. 解题速度过慢：雅思阅读考试时间非常紧迫，因此考生必须做到全神贯注，快速理解题干和定位。在阅读考试中，考生要多用语感(意群)理解题干、语法处理定位句和笔圈出所有重要信息。雅思阅读考试要求考生要风风火火，同时要准确。因此，平时思维慢，言行都很慢的考生恐怕会在考试时时间不够。
6. 一味求多求难：任何一门考试的目的都是要让一部分考生取得理想的成绩，而不是要把所有考生都考倒。雅思考试也不例外，雅思阅读考试说它难度大，主要是与任务比起来时间太有限，而不是它本身有多难。它主要考查考生的基本功是否扎实，理解力是否强等。有些烤鸭们在平时的备考中喜欢盲目地进行题海战术而且一味挑战难的题。这些都是极端错误的。
目前市场上最好的阅读训练材料是”剑桥雅思真题4-10”，我们在备考时只要充分有效利用其中的每一套题就足够了，认真研究其中的出题思路和考点，在限时的前提下反复地一遍一遍地练习，最后一定能出成绩。
雅思阅读备考官方提示
? 应仔细阅读题目的指示和说明，这些信息会告诉你在哪里寻找答案、需要如何回答问题、以及答案字数的限定。题目里的指示还会说明答案是否可以多次使用，并提醒你把答案转抄到答卷上。
? 注意大多数的题型下，题目出现的顺序和信息在文章中出现的顺序都是一致的。
? 进行跳读、扫读练习，以便能在文章片段中快速寻找与题目相关的关键词。将关键词和词组用下划线标记出来，并注意题目中的关键词与文中关键词的联系。在大多数情况下(如填空题)，你所填写的答案需符合正确的语法要求。正确的单词拼写和词组搭配是非常重要的，出现错误是要被扣分的。
? 在大多数情况下，你可以在文章里找到需要填写的单词，并应将这个词仔细正确地抄在答卷上。运用笔记、表格、图表或流程图中的内容以及范例来预测答案所涉及的信息的类型。
? 在辅导课上，与同学和老师讨论每种题型下答案可能出现的形式。
? 熟悉同义词以及带有概括作用的词汇，这可以帮助你找到相关信息。
? 练习如何用不同的方式表达相同的意思和信息。
? 思考某些信息之间有什么共性、又有什么不同之处。
? 题海战术并不能让考生按照希望的那样快速提高成绩，这对备考和英语学习是不利的。备考的过程中应该广泛阅读不同的材料，如报纸、期刊、杂志和书籍，并利用这些资源为备考服务。
? 注意熟悉不同的文体，并且练习如何更好地理解这些文体。在练习中熟悉所有雅思考试阅读(学术类)的题型。
? 要注意阅读的方法不止一种。考试的主要任务是找到题目的答案，因此考试中运用的阅读技巧与你需要记忆内容时所用的阅读技巧是不同的。考试过程中不应过于担心出现的生词，同时应该在平时多加练习如何根据上下文的语义来猜测生词的意思，尽量不要用字典查每一个生词，而打断了阅读的连贯性。
? 在任何时候都要认真阅读题目的指示。如果不明确题目的要求，你是很容易出现混淆而导致出错的。
? 在阅读的时候应该注意时间限制，避免在某一道题目上花费过多的时间。
? 注意不要过于依赖于从文中寻找某个词来作答。你应该练习如何改述、在文中找到改述的内容。
雅思阅读
篇4：雅思阅读之找小标题作题技巧
雅思阅读解题技巧丨Heading题型 找小标题作题技巧
1.题型要求
文章由若干段话组成，要求给每段话找个小标题。小标题即指该段话的段落大意，中心思想，主旨。
本题型不是让你写出每段话的小标题，这样不好评判对错。而是要求从选项列表(list of headings)中选择。在现在的考试中，选项的数目往往大大多于文章中段落的数目，假如文章有五段话，选项的数目很可能是十个，甚至十二个。也就是说，有很多干扰选项。
题目形式通常是文章中的一段话标出小标题作为例子，要求选余下段落的小标题。给出小标题通常是原文的第一段。在考试中，该题型A类每次必考一组，共5题左右。有时会考两组，共十题左右。G类不是每次必考，考的时候，一般只考一组，共五题左右。
2.解题步骤
(1)先将例子所在的选项从选项列表中划去，同时，不读例子所在的段落。
每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，两个段落的小标题不可能是一个选项。这是因为不同段落的主旨肯定是不同的，原文将他们分为不同的段落，就是要分别说不同的内容。如果两段的主旨相同，即表达的中心思想一致，应该将它们合为一段，是没有必要分为两段的。
有时，这类题目的要求中有这样一句话：You may use any heading more than once(你可以使用任何小标题超过一次)。这句话纯属误导，也就是说，即使题目的要求中有这句话或类似的话，任何选项也不可能被使用两次以上。既然每个选项最多只能用一次，所以例子所在的段落已经使用的选项是不会被其它段落使用的，将其划去，以免被其它的段落误选。而且在选其它段落的答案时，可以不看该选项，节省时间。例子所在的段落已经给出了小标题，所以不必阅读该段落了，以免浪费时间，直接从下一段读起。
(2)不要先看选项，而要从文章入手，读一段话，做一道题。
大家先想一下，下面的做题方法好吗?先看第一个选项，读懂它的意思。然后读原文的各个段落，判断该选项是愿文纳个段落的小标题。然后按照同样的方法处理其余的各选项。这样的做法不好。因为选项的数目远远大于原文段落的数目。所以这样做，不仅花费的时间很多，而且极易受到干扰选项的误导。很可能第一个选项就是干扰项，你花费了很多时间，将这个选项与原文的各段落相对照，结果发现它是一个干扰项，这已经浪费了很多时间。
正确方法：
先不要看选项，而是要先读文章。读文章的时候，不要一下把文章全读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。假如原文的第一段已作为例子给出，那么，先读第二段，然后到选项列表中找该段话的小标题。然后再读第三段，同样处理，直至完成。这样做，不仅速度快，而且准确率高。
(3)读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇。正确答案常常是主题句的改写。
读每段话时，并不是该段落全要仔细阅读。这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的的主题句。先读该段话的第一句，然后，与选项列表中大各选项一一对应，确定正确答案，正确选项一般就该句话的改写。如果答案不能确定，应再读该段话的第二句，然后，与选项列表中的各选项一一对应。如果答案还是不能确定，应再读该段话的最后一句，再与选项列表中大各选项一一对应。如果还是找不到正确答案，则就需要阅读整段话了。根据统计，段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50%，段落的主题句在第二句的可能性超过20%，段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过20%。也就是说，按照上述方法做这种题型，读完该段话的第一句，就能在选项列表中找出该段话的Heading, 这种可能性超过50%。整段话都需要阅读的可能性不到10%。这个做题方法不仅有统计数据的依据，还有理论的基础。英文段落展开的方法比较简单，主要有两种：演绎法(deductive method)及归纳法(inductive method)。演绎法指的是由观点到例子及论据，所以主题句在该段话的第一句，但有时，第一句是个过渡性或描述性的句子，主题句有可能放在放在该段话的第二句，总之，主题句在第一句或第二句，都是deductive method。Inductive method 是指由例子及论据到观点，所以主题句在该段的最后一句，70%左右的段落使用deductive method写的，而且其中绝大部分主题句在第一句。20%左右的段落是用inductive method写的。
有的人会问：我怎么知道某段话是用演绎法写的，还是归纳法写的?是的，不读完整段话，是不知道的。但读完整段话，很浪费时间，而且，由于文章句子结构复杂，再加上有一些不熟悉的单词，很可能你也读不太懂。所以，若读完整段话在来选择该段的Heading, 不仅时间不够用，而且往往正确率也不高。
上面介绍的方法，就是按照概率，首先认为段落是用演绎法写的，而且主题句在第一句，按照第一句的意思，在选项列表中确定正确答案。如果选项列表中有一项与这句话的意思相同，即可认为是正确答案。如果不能确定，再依次读该段话的第二句和最后一句，再与选项列表中的各选项一一对应，确定正确答案。实践证明，这种方法不仅节省时间，而且正确率也很高。
(4)某段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项列表中划去。
前面已经讲过，每个选项最多用一次，也就是说，不可能两个段落的小标题是一个选项。所以，一段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项列表中划去，以免被误选为其它段落的小标题。而且在选其它段落的答案时，可以不看选项，节省时间。但某段话的答案不太确定，如第三段可能是C，也可能不是C，这时不能将C从选项列表中划去。
NOTICE
(1)如果答案不确定，先将可能的选项全部选出。
(2)干扰选项的特点是：段落中未展开说明的细节。
(3)如果主题句比较复杂(如复合句)，应重点看主句部分。主题句中，常常有如下的句式：
Although/While/Despite/Despite the fact……的中文意思是：“虽然…，但是…”。前面是个让步状语从句，后面是主句，要说明的观点在主句中。
(4)如果主题句中有show和suggest等词，应重点看其后的宾语从句。show和suggest是“表明”、“说明”的意思，其后的宾语从句往往是要说明的观点，是该段的主旨。
(5)如果主句是not only…but also句型，应重点看but also后面的部分。Not only…but also的意思是“不仅…而且…”，常用来承上启下。not only的后面是“承上”，即上一段主旨，but also 后面的部分是“启下”，即本段的主旨。所以重点看but also后面的部分。
(6)问句不会是主题句问句通常作为引题，是过度性的句子。
(7)举例子的句子不会是主题句
(8)正确答案应是主题句的改写，所以与主题句特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。例：某段话的第一句(主题句)为Overall, female students outnumbered male students in the survey.
有个选项为：
L. Female Studens
原句的意思是：在调查中，女生的数目超过男生的数目。
上述选项只提到了女生，所以它不对。应用本条规律，你会发现它与主题句中的词female students一模一样，所以也应该怀疑它不是正确选项。
正确选项为：Gender
Gender的意思是“性别”。在主题句中并没有这个词，可见正确答案应是主题句的改写。
(9)如果需要阅读整个段落，应重点阅读该段落中的重点词句
A. 反复出现的词B. 括号里的词C. 引号里的词D. 黑体字 E.斜体字
总结：
每个选项只能用一次，常常是主体句的改写
读一段话做一道题，选出一个就在选项里划掉一个选项
通常看原文的第一句，第二句和最后一句
出现复合句，重点看主句部分。Although/while/despite等，后面是主句
出现show/suggest时，看宾语丛句。
出现not only… , but also…时，看but also后面。
问句不会是主题句，举例子不会是主题句。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-Flight from reality
Flight from reality
Mobiles are barred, but passengers can lap away on their laptops to their hearts’ content. Is one really safer than the other? In the US, a Congressional subcommittee grilled airline representatives and regulators about the issue last month. But the committee heard that using cellphones in planes may indeed pose a risk albeit a slight one. This would seem to vindicate the treatment of Manchester oil worker Neil Whitehouse, who was sentenced last summer to a year in jail by a British court for refusing to turn off his mobile phone on a flight home from Madrid. Although he was only typing a message to be sent on landing not actually making a call, the court decided that hems putting the flight at risk.
A
The potential for problems is certainly there. Modern airliners are packed with electronic devices that control the plane and handle navigation and communications. Each has to meet stringent safeguards to make sure it doesn't emit radiation that would interfere with other devices in the plane-standards that passengers' personal electronic devices don't necessarily meet. Emissions from inside the plane could also interfere with sensitive antennae on the fixed exterior.
B
But despite running a number of studies, Boeing, Airbus and various government agencies haven't been able to find clear evidence of problems caused by personal electronic devices, including mobile phones. “We've done our own studies. We've found cellphones actually have no impact on the navigation system,” says Maryanne Greczyn, a spokeswoman for Airbus Industries of North America in Herndon, Virginia, Not do they affect other critical systems, she says The only impact Airbus found? “Sometimes when a passenger is starting or finishing a phone call, the pilot hears a wry slight beep in the headset,” she says.
C
The best evidence yet of a problem comes from a report released this year by Britain's Civil Aviation Authority. Its researchers generated simulated cellphone transmissions inside two Boeing aircraft. They concluded that the transmissions could create signals at a power and frequency that would not affect the latest equipment, but exceeded the safety threshold established in 1984 and might therefore affect some of the older equipment on board. This doesn’t mean “mission critical” equipment such as the navigation system and flight controls. But the devices that could be affected, such as smoke detectors and fuel level indicators, could still create serious problems for the flight crew if they malfunction.
D
Many planes still use equipment certified to the older standards, says Dan Hawkes, head of avionics at the CAA's Safely Regulation Croup. The CAA study doesn't prove the equipment will actually fail when subjected to the signals, but docs show there's a danger. “We've taken some of the uncertainty out of these beliefs,” he says Another study later this year will see if the cellphone signals actually cause devices to fail.
E
In , RTCA, a consultant hired by the Federal Aviation Administration in the US to conduct tests, determined that potential problems from personal electronic devices were “low”. Nevertheless, it recommended a ban on their use during “critical” periods of flight, such as take-off and landing. RTCA didn't actually test cellphones, but nevertheless recommended their wholesale ban on flights, But if “better safe than sorry” is the current policy, it's applied inconsistently, according to Marshall Cross, the chairman of Mega Wave Corporation, based in Boylston, Massachusetts. Why are cellphones outlawed when no one considers a ban on laptops? “It's like most things in life. The reason is a little bit technical, a little bit economic and a little bit political,” says Cross.
F
The company wrote a report for the FAA in saying it is possible to build an on-board system that can detect dangerous signals from electronic devices. But Cross's personal conclusion is that mobile phones aren't the real threat. ”You'd have to stretch things pretty far to figure out how a cellphone could interfere with a plane's systems,“ he says. Cellphones transmit in ranges of around 400, 800 or 1800 megahertz. Since no important piece of aircraft equipment operates at those frequencies, the possibility of interference is very low, Cross says. The use of Computers and electronic game systems is much more worrying, lie says. They can generate very strong signals at frequencies that could interfere with plane electronics, especially if a mouse is attached {the wire operates as an antenna or if their built-in shielding is somehow damaged. Some airlines are even planning to put sockets for laptops in seatbacks.
G
There's fairly convincing anecdotal evidence that some personal electronic devices have interfered with systems. Air crew on one flight found that the autopilot was being disconnected, and narrowed the problem down to a passenger's portable computer. They could actually watch the autopilot disconnect when they switched the computer on. Boeing bought the computer, took it to the airline's labs and even tested it on an empty flight. But as with every other reported instance of interference, technicians were unable to replicate the problem.
H
Some engineers, however, such as Bruce Donham of Boeing, say that common sense suggests phones are more risky than laptops. ”A device capable of producing a strong emission is not as safe as a device which does not have any intentional emission,“ lie says. Nevertheless, many experts think it's illogical that cellphones are prohibited when computers aren't. Besides, the problem is more complicated than simply looking at power and frequency. In the air, the plane operates in a soup of electronic emissions, created by its own electronics and by ground-based radiation. Electronic devices in the cabin-especially those emitting a strong signal-can behave unpredictably, reinforcing other signals, for instance, or creating unforeseen harmonics that disrupt systems.
I
Despite the Congressional subcommittee hearings last month, no one seems to be working seriously on a technical solution that would allow passengers to use their phones. That's mostly because no one -besides cellphone users themselves-stands to gain a lot if the phones are allowed in the air. Even the cellphone companies don't want it. They are concerned that airborne signals could cause problems by flooding a number of the networks' base stations at once with the same signal This effect, called bigfooting, happens because airborne cellphone signals tend to go to many base stations at once, unlike land calls which usually go to just one or two stations. In the US, even if FAA regulations didn’t prohibit cellphones in the air, Federal Communications Commission regulations would.
J
Possible solutions might be to enhance airliners' electronic insulation, or to fit detectors which warned flight staff when passenger devices were emitting dangerous signals. But Cross complains that neither the FAA, the airlines nor the manufacturers are showing much interest in developing these. So despite Congressional suspicions and the occasional irritated (or jailed) mobile user, the industry's ”better safe than sorry“ policy on mobile phones seems likely to continue. In the absence of firm evidence that the international airline industry is engaged in a vast conspiracy to overcharge its customers, a delayed phone call seems a small price to pay for even the tiniest reduction in the chances of a plane Crash. But you'll still be allowed to use your personal computer during a flight. And while that remains the case, airlines can hardly claim that logic has prevailed.
Question 14-17
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
The would-be risk surly exists, since the avionic systems on modern aircraft are used to manage flight and deal with ___14____. Those devices are designed to meet the safety criteria which should be free from interrupting ___15____ or interior emission. The personal use of mobile phone may cause the sophisticated ___16____ outside of plane to dysfunction. Though definite interference in piloting devices has not been scientifically testified, the devices such as those which detect ___17____ or indicate fuel load could be affected.
Question 18-22
Use the information in the passage to match the Organization (listed A-E) with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.
A. British Civil Aviation Authority
B. Maryanne Greczyn
C. RTCA
D. Marshall Cross
E. Boeing company
18. Mobile usages should be forbidden in a specific fame.
19. Computers are more dangerous than cell phones.
20. Finding that the mobile phones pose little risk on flight's navigation devices.
21. The disruption of laptops is not as dangerous as cellphones.
22. The mobile signal may have impact on earlier devices.
Question 23-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given
23. Almost all scientists accept that cellphones have higher emission than that of personal computers.
24. Some people believe that radio emission will interrupt the equipment on plane.
25. The signal interference-detecting device has not yet been developed because they are in priority for neither administrative department nor offer economic incentive.
26. FAA initialed open debate with Federal Communications Commission.
篇章结构
体裁
论说文
题目
电子信号影响飞行
结构
A段- 机舱内部发射电频信号的风险
B段- 但是，航空公司与政府目前没有证据表明风险属实
C段- 仅有的一个证据表明手机信号对飞行中的飞机的干扰--英国民航局进行的一项实验
D段- 内部的信号确实会带来风险，但未必会使得飞机的仪器失灵
E段- 尽管手机信号对飞机的干扰较低，依然禁止使用。原因有三个方面
F段- 电脑在飞机上的使用实际上比手机更加有风险
G段- 一则趣闻-某人使用的电脑确实被发现对飞机的正常飞行产生威胁
H段- 手机被禁止使用，而电脑没有被禁止。这不合理
I段- 各个利益方（除开手机使用者）都不希望取消手机在飞机上禁用的政策
J段- 手机禁用的政策将持续下去，尽管不合乎逻辑。
试题分析
Question 14-19
题目类型：
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
14
Would-be risk
A段第一句
A段第一句开头的potential for problem 等于would-be risk，意义为潜在危险，handle等于deal with ,后面就是答案 navigation and communications
15
Safety criteria
A段第二句
A段第二句有safeguard这个单词，所以继续往后看，发现emit radiation,取其中的radiation
16
Outside of a plane
A段第三句
A段第三句讲到fixed exterior,也就是飞机外面，对应题干的outside of a plane,所以答案就是这句话中antennae （天线）
17
Fuel load
C段最后一句
C段最后一句提到fuel level indicator,在这个并列前面那一项 smoke就是答案
18
RTCA
E段
RTCA是一个机构名称，我们定位到E段，发现这个机构的主张是禁止手机在飞机起飞，降落这些特殊时期使用，符合题干信息specific time
19
Computers
F段
F段阐述电脑比手机更加危险。在其中的cross其实是E段中的Marshall Cross的简称，所以我们选择Marshall cross
Question 20-22
题目类型：MATCHING
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
20
mobile phone, little risk
B段
该机构研究人员表明，几项研究都没有体现手机对于飞机飞行的实际干扰。所以应该选择B
21
dangerous
H段中第一句
提到了波音公司的观点，“常识表明，在飞机上使用手机比使用电脑更危险。符合题干信息
22
earlier devices
C段
出现的latest equipment与题干信息相符，确定这个信息的来源是英国民航局
Question 23-26题目类型：
SUMMARY COMPLETION
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
23
almost all
H段
两方专家的观点，对于到底是手机更危险还是电脑更危险明显持不同意见。所以不可能是all .答案是FALSE
24
radio emission
A段
无线电频信号对于飞机的飞行具有干扰性，所以答案是TRUE
25
economic, administrative
E段
手机目前被禁止的原因有多方因素。所以选择TRUE
26
debate
全文
全文都没有提及这两家机构有开展公开辩论。所以本题选择NOT GIVEN
参考答案：
Version 22206 主题 电子信号影响飞行
14
navigation and communications
15
radiation
16
antennae
17
smoke
18
C
19
D
20
B
21
E
22
A
23
FALSE
24
TRUE
25
TRUE
26
NOT GIVEN
篇5：雅思阅读解题技巧之选择题作题技巧
雅思阅读解题技巧丨Multiple Choice题型
1. 题型要求
这是一个传统题型，大家都很熟悉。但就是这种大家都熟悉的题型，IELTS考试也要弄出新花样。其它考试中，如四级、六级、TOEFL，只有四选一一种形式。IELTS考试的选择题分为四选一和多选多多两种。
四选一，选项肯定是四个。即要求从A、B、C、D四项中选择一个最符合题意的选项。多选多，选项肯定是五个或五个以上，而正确答案的数目肯定在两个以上。哪个更难呢?很多同学会好不犹豫地说是多选多。实际上，多选多很容易，是一种简单题型。它具有以下几个特点：
(1)正确答案的数目是已知的。在题目的要求中会告诉你要选出几个选项。题目要求中常WHICH FOUR， WHICH THREE 等字样。
(2)答案在原文中是集中出现的，对应原文中的例举。找着一个答案，其余几个就在它的前后不远处。
我们举一个中文阅读的例子来说明。文章如下：
帕金森症是一种顽症。它是由大脑中缺乏一种叫多巴胺的化学物质引起的。(后面删减100字)很多名人深受其苦。比如，我们的改革的总设计师、拳王阿里、以故数学家陈景润等等。(后面删减100字)
题目是：以下哪三个人得过帕金森症?
A. 邓小平B. 里根C. 拳王阿里D. 布什E. 陈景润 答案：ACE
四选一在考试中，一般比较难。它的特点是：四个选项，哪个都像。好像在原文中都提到了，但又都和原文的叙述不太一样。很容易选错。选择题和问答题的区别在于：问答题要求你自己从原文中找答案。而选择题给你四个选项，让你选择，在给你提示的同时，也给了你一个陷阱。有些选择题，如果改为回答题，你可能能够做对，但给了你四个选项，反而选错了。
考试中，四选一，A类和G类一般都是每次必考，考一组，共3题左右。多选多，不是每次必考。
2. 解题步骤
(1)找出题干中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。
将题干中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，着必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。
如果题目中的关键词难以确定答案的位置，选项中的关键词也可以作为定位的参考依据。
(2)从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题干中的其他关键词及选项确定正确答案。正确选项常常是原文相关词句的改写。确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中有的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，确定正确答案。短问答的答案常常是原文原词，而选择题的答案常常是原文相关词句的改写。
(3)有些题目比较简单，可以直接选择。对于难题，可以用排除法确定正确答案。
有些题目比较简单，从原文很快找到对应答案。这时可以直接选择不必看其它选项。这样既可以节省时间，同时也避免受干扰选项的误导。有些题目比较难，看每个选项都有点像，但又都不太象。这时，可以用排除法，先排除掉肯定不对的选项，然后在剩下的选项中再做出选择。通常，有两个选项必有好排除，另外两个有一定的难度。请参见本题型的注意事项部分，其中分析了干扰选项的特点。
(4)要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。
题目是有顺序性的。第一题的答案应在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于同学们确定答案的位置。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-The Lost City
Thanks to modern remote-sensing techniques, a ruined city in Turkey is slowly revealing itself as one of the greatest and most mysterious cities of the ancient world. Sally Palmer uncovers more.
A
The low granite mountain, known as Kerkencs Dag, juts from the northern edge of the C'appadocian plain in Turkey. Sprawled over the mountainside are the rums of an enormous city, contained by crumbling defensive walls seven kilometers long. Many respected archaeologists believe these are the remains of the fabled city of Plena, the sixth-century BC stronghold of the Mcdes that the Greek historian Herodotus described in his famous work The Histories. The short-lived city came under Median control and only fifty years later was sacked, burned and its strong stone walls destroyed.
B
British archeologist Dr Geoffrey Summer has spent ten years studying the site. Excavating the ruins is a challenge because of the vast area they cover. The 7 km perimeter walls run around a site covering 271 hectares. Dr Summers quickly realised it would take far too long to excavate the site using traditional techniques alone. So he decided to use modem technology as well to map the entire site, both above and beneath the surface, to locate the most interesting areas and priorities to start digging.
C
In 1993. Dr Summers hired a special hand held balloon with a remote-controlled camera attached. He walked over the entire site holding the balloon and taking photos. Then one afternoon, he rented a hot-air balloon and floated over the site, taking yet more pictures By the end of the 1994 season. Dr Summers and his team had a jigsaw of aerial photographs of the whole site. The next stage was to use remote sensing, which would let them work out what lay below the intriguing outlines and ruined walls. ”Archaeology is a discipline that lends itself very well to remote sensing because it revolves around space,“ says Scott Branting, an associated director of the project, lie started working with Dr Summers in 1995.
D
The project used two remote sensing techniques. The first is magnetometry which works on the principle thai magnetic fields al the surface of the Earth are influenced by what it buried beneath. It measures localised variations in the direction and intensity of this magnetic field. ”The Earth's magnetic field can vary from place to place, depending on what happened there in the past.“ says Branting. ”if something containing iron oxide was heavily burnt, by natural or human actions, the iron particles in it can be permanently reoriented, like a compass needle, to align with the Earth's magnetic field present at that point in time and space.“ The magnetometer detects differences in the orientations and intensities of these iron particles from the present-day magnetic field and uses them to produce an image of what lies below ground.
E
Kerkenes Dag lends itself particularly well to magnetometry because it was all burnt at once in a savage fire. In places the heat was sufficient to turn sandstone to glass and to melt granite. The fire was so hot that there were strong magnetic signatures set to the Earth's magnetic field from the time - around 547 BC - resulting in extremely clear pictures. Furthermore, the city was never rebuilt, ”if you have multiple layers confusing picture, because you have different walls from different periods giving signatures that all go in different directions,“ says Branting. ”We only have one going down about 1.5 meters, so we can get a good picture of this fairly short-lived city”.
F
The other main sub-surface mapping technique, which is still being used at the site, is resistivity. This technique measures the way electrical pulses arc conducted through sub- surface soil. It's done by shooting pulses into the ground through a thin metal probe. Different materials have different electrical conductivity. For example, stone and mudbrick arc poor conductors, but looser, damp soil conducts very well. By walking around the site and taking about four readings per metre, it is possible to get a detailed idea of what is where beneath the surface. The teams then build up pictures of walls, hearths and other remains. “It helps a lot if it has rained, because the electrical pulse can get through more easily,” says Branting. “Then if something is more resistant, it really shows up.” This is one of the reasons that the project has a spring season, when most of the resistivity work is done. Unfortunately testing resistivity is a lot slower than magnetometry. “If we did (r the whole site it would take about 100 years,” says Branting. Consequently, the team is concentrating on areas where they want to clarify pictures from the magnetometry.
G
Remote sensing does not reveal everything about Kerkenes Dag, but it shows the most interesting sub-surface areas of the site. The archaeologists can then excavate these using traditional techniques. One surprise came when they dug out one of the fates in the defensive walls. “Our observations in early seasons led us to assume that wall, such as would be found at most other cities in the Ancient Near East,” says Dr Summers. “When we started to excavate we were staggered to discover that the walls were made entirely from stone and that the gate would have stood at least ten metres high. After ten years of study, Pteria is gradually giving up its secrets.”
Question 14-18
Reading Passage2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
14. The reason why various investigative methods are introduced.
15. An example of an unexpected discovery.
16. The methods to surveyed the surface of the site from above.
17. The reason why experts want to study the site.
Question 18-25
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than THREE words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 18-25 on your answer sheet.
Exploring the Ancient City of Pteria
The relevant work was done ten year ago. To begin with, experts took photos of the site from the ground and then from a distance in a 18???______?. To find out what lay below the surface, they used two leading techniques. One was magnetometer, which identifies changes in the magnetic field. These changes occur when the 19________in buried structures have changed direction as a result of great heat. They match with the magnetic field, which is similar to a 20________.
The other one was resistivity, which uses a 21____________to fire electrical pulses into the earth. The principle is that building materials like 22_______and stone do not conduct electricity well, while 23________does this much better. Archaeologists preferred to use this technique during the 24___________, when conditions are more favourable. Resistivity is mainly being used to 25_________ some images generated by the magnetometer.
篇章结构：
体裁
说明文
题目
消失的城市
结构
A段：the fable city Pteria 城市介绍
B段：挖掘城市废墟的重要性
C段：科学家获取城市图片的方法和步骤
D段：磁强计方法的工作原理
E段：磁强计方法的运用
F段：电阻率技术的工作原理
G段：遥感技术的运用的发现
试题分析：
参考答案：
Version 32204 主题 遗失的城市
14
B
15
G
16
C
17
A
18
hot-air balloon
19
iron particles
20
compass/compass needle
21
thin metal probe
22
mudbrick
23
looser damp soil
24
spring season
25
clarify
26
B
篇6：雅思阅读题型解析之填空题Summary题
【雅思阅读题型解析】填空题Summary题
总的来说，雅思阅读summary填空题主要有两种形式：
一种是单词填空式，这种形式主要针对文章全文或者部分段落写出的一篇摘要，空出若干空格，要求考生从文章中寻找相应的单词进行填空。
另一种是单词选择式，就是在第一种形式的基础上，额外提供了一个词库，要求考生从词库中选词填空。
下面环球雅思将详细讲解如何快速而有效的解答这两种形式的summary填空题。
一、单词填空式
解题策略：对于单词填空式题，一般把握三个关键信息： 逻辑关系词，语法属性，定位。
首先，观察空格前后是否有语义间有逻辑关系的连接词，即逻辑关系词推断。
这类表示空格前后内容逻辑关系的连接词主要包括：
①表示因果关系的词，如because，as，since，for，due to，thanks to，as a result of等。 在考试中，在因果关系中除了一些连接词的衔接外，还有一些表示因果关系的大词，如trigger，breed，induce，engender，generate，be responsible for，affect，determine等，这些词在语义中隐含了因果关系。 所以也是考生在解题中值得注意的。
②表示转折关系的词，如but，however，while，yet，instead，rather，whereas等
③表示让步关系的词，如despite，in spite of，although等
④表示并列关系的词，如and，both…and…，neither…nor等
⑤表示举例关系的词，如such as，for example等
观察有无这类词的目的在于为了回原文定位时，能缩小寻找范围，使定位更加准确。 在文章阅读中，题目中的某些单词会进行同义转换而变得面目全非，但是句意不会变，语义关系不会变，这是最可靠的定位依据。从而逻辑关系词对于考生在解题中把握语义间的内在关系起了关键作用。
如剑桥4 Test 2 Passage 1 Lost for words 一篇中的summary 题中
This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical ___Q1______。 But in today’s world，factors such as government initiatives and ____Q2_____ are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages。 One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their ____Q3_____。
解题中，对于Q1很多考生把geographical作为定位词，所以回到原文几乎是大海捞针。 但是这一题中由 as a result of 这一层因果关系给出启示： 空格处为原因。 前半句的great variety of language 表示结果。 所以从这一因果关系切入，可以在文中找到定位句 “Isolation breeds linguistic diversity”，isolation 导致great variety of languages，所以答案为isolation。 再看Q2，这一题中体现出多层语义关系。首先空格处和government initiatives 构成并列关系，其次这一并列词组隶属于上义词factors，即并列词组是因素之一。最后这些因素是导致语言数量下降的原因。 所以结合这层层关系，加以government initiatives 定位词的辅助，就可以找到定位句”…the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization”，即答案为economic globalization。对于Q3，虽然没有传统的因果信号词，但是one factor 已经给出因果关系的信号，要求考生所填的是使语言不至于消亡的因素，所以只需回到原文找提到预防语言消亡的方法的出题处。
其次，预测空格处所填的语法属性，即语法属性判断。
为了使所找的答案万无一失，还需要对空格处进行语法判断，这样一来，可以缩小选择的范围，使答案更加精确。 语法属性大致包括空格的词性，单复数以及句子成分。
如果空格前为形容词，那么空格处应为名词; 空格前为副词，那么空格处应为动词或形容词; 如果空格后面是be动词，那么空格应为名词复数或形容词。 从这些小细节可以看出雅思阅读考查的细腻。
以Cambridge 5 Test 1 Passage 1 Johnson’s Dictionary 中的summary 为例
Having rented a garret he took on a number of _____，who stood at a long central desk。
根据预测，空格处应填复数名词，再根据后面的定语从句，再次精确到填表示人的复数名词。 很多考生回原文找到assistants。 的确，assistants s看似符合我们的预测，但是却忽略了定语从句中的关键限制性的词组stood at a long desk。 所以根据这个限定，回原文找到对应的the copying clerks would work standing up。 因此正确答案是copying clerks或clerks。
再者，根据顺序原则在空格前后找定位关键词回原文定位。
总的来说，摘要填空题有一定的顺序原则，即填空题的出题顺序往往是按照文章段落的顺序。 结合这一题型特点，考生可以通过定位关键词回原文定位，无需从头至尾的阅读完整篇文章。
再以Cambridge 5 Test 1 Passage 1 Johnson’s Dictionary 中的summary 为例
Johnson did not have a ____Q5______ available to him，but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40，000 words written down in 80 large notebooks。 On publication，the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark。 According to his biographer，James Boswell，Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring ___Q6_____ to the English language。 As a reward for his hard work，he was granted a ___Q7____ by the king。
Q5中根据特殊定位词40，000和80 ，直接回到原文锁定定位句，然后通过预测判断出空格处所填的答案是一名词，而且离空格较近的地方有表示否定的概念 “did not have”，因此找到数字定位词后看定位句中是否有提到Johnson 没有什么。 根据原文中的without a library to hand，可以推断出所填的答案应是library。
再看Q6，这一题中的定位词很容易定位到人名 James Boswell，再加上另一个独特的名词principal achievement，能帮助考生较快锁定到倒数第二段的最后一句 “It is the cornerstone of Standard English，an achievement which，in James Boswell’s words，‘conferred stability on the language of his country’。” 然后根据语法属性的预测，得知所填的空做bring 的宾语，所以找到给英语语言带来什么就能迎刃而解了。即stability
同理，对于Q7，根据独特定位词king回原文中锁定到最后一段第一句 “…King George III to offer him a pension”。 Offer与题中的grant 同义，所以尽管语态的不一致，但是句义一致。 答案应填offer 的宾语，即pension。
对于有的基础差的考生，要求掌握通过逻辑关系词去分析语义间的关系似乎是比较困难的一件事，因此定位词可能是他们解答题目的机会。 再辅助一些必备的语法知识去进行预测判断，哪怕是不认识的单词或不理解的句子，有时候也能帮这些考生找到正确的答案。
二、单词选择式
对于单词选择式的填空题来说，考生需要从词库中选择符合题目要求的词，而题库中有可能成为答案的词有两种情况：1)是文章中的原词;2)是文章中原词的替换词。
第一种情况对考生来说更容易驾驭。考生只需按照上文中提到的解题策略，回原文确定所应填写的词，然后对应词库中的词得出选项。
第二种情况，考生可以先判断词库中的词为单一词性或多种词性，如果为单一词性，考生根据阅读理解文章原词的词义来寻找统一替换词。
如果是多种词性，首先对词汇按照词性分类，以便在确定空格内应填入的单词的词性后，在检索时缩小范围，提高做题准确率。
根据观察词库可以得出该词库为多种词性的词库。所以首先对词库进行大致的词性分类：名词(cost， technology，nutrition，education，medicine，pollution，health)， 动词( falling，increasing)， 形容词(undernourished，disabled，constant， independent)， 形容词的比较级(earlier，later，more)。 通过观察Q20 所填的词性判断，应填一名词。定位关键词link，life expectancy，回到原文找到与之同义转化的词组correlation， live longer。 从锁定的句子“one interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer。”中得出应填写的词与better-educated people 相关，对应词库中education 符合所填的信息。
三、总结
在解答雅思阅读summary时，逻辑关系词可以让考生较快找到答案的大致位置， 定位词可以有助于将大致方向缩小到一定范围，而借助语法属性的预测分析能具体确定答案。这三个关键信息是解答摘要题的支柱。当然，在解题过程中也不能小觑同义转化的作用。这些策略在解题中是相辅相成，互相补充。 因此，掌握这些策略对于考生较快又有效的解答摘要题是至关重要的。
影响雅思阅读答题效率的原因
首先，当然是词汇。任何一篇内容相对复杂的阅读文章，都不可避免地出现大量生僻词语或者是难度相对较大的单词。从文章的选材而言，范围是十分丰富的，主要来自世界各国主要的英文报刊杂志，内容涉及任何一个国家的文化、经济、自然和科技等。而IELTS考试所考查的，是实际运用语言的能力，所以在考试中真正需要理解的单词，或是题目中真正考查到的单词，往往是英语阅读中的一些最核心的单词。这些单词虽然数量不多，难度不大，但却是必须掌握的。就考试而言，掌握6000左右的常用词汇，即大学六级大纲中所要求的词汇是必须的。
第二，复杂的句型结构。有些同学的词汇量已经达到了6000左右，但是依然感觉读不懂文章，这就是因为文章中充斥着大量结构复杂难以把握的复杂句。如：The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. 这是一个相对复杂的句子，主干是the challenge now is to develop policies and practices, 从based on到句子的结尾处是由过去分词短语充当的状语。后一个presumption后面有一个由that引导的从句，充当presumption的同位语。在同位语的后面，有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。一般而言，对同学们造成障碍的是并列句或并列复合句，倒装结构，所以在训练时可以精挑一个语段做仔细分析。建议大家最好在备考中将雅思阅读题型分类，多了解一下雅思常识。
第三，题型多样化。这个障碍使原本已经拥有相当英语语言实力的考生，在考试中因为缺乏对题型的理解，或是被众多题型干扰，不能正常发挥。一些必考题型如list of headings, summary, T/F/NG等，可以作为练习重点。如summary题是很多同学感到头痛的题型，普遍感到非常难找。其实不然，只要记住两大原则即可。原则一，顺序原则。summary题的答案排列顺序，必定与文章的行文顺序一致。原则二，完整的summary，不仅应该能够体现文章本身所表达的思想含义，而且必须是符合语法规律的英语文章。所以根据语法也可以进行判断。
在准备考试的过程中，除了要做IELTS考题之外，还要进行泛读和快速阅读。泛读可以选择一些英美主流媒体的文章，在网站上可以找到，目的是熟悉单词和句型。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解，并把握其主旨。同时，在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大，平时可多加练习。另外，为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯，不能边看边用嘴跟着读，眼、嘴并用必会降低阅读速度;一旦发现生词(这种情况绝大多数同学都肯定要遇到)，先不要紧张，要通过英语构词法(前缀、词根和后缀)来分析推测词义，或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测，如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的，还是否定的，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了，实在不行就做上记号，将来看一看是否影响答题，如无影响就坚决忽略。
雅思阅读中的7种常见信号词
雅思阅读信号词A、表示顺承和递进关系
例词：also, apart from, besides, moreover, furthermore
例句：The Victorian style of heavily ornamented interiors prevailed in middle-class homes in England and the United States during the latter half of the 19th century. Moreover, in both countries, techniques of mass production promoted the use of reproductions in many different styles.
雅思阅读信号词B、表示对比与转折关系
例词：but, however, though, although, yet, nevertheless, on the other hand
例句：Education is the passport to modern life, and a pre-condition of national prosperity. But more than a quarter of the world‘s adults cannot read or write, and more than 100 million young children are deprived of even a primary school education.
雅思阅读信号词C、表示相似关系
例词：like, as, likewise, similar to, in the same way
例句：Like other ways of generating electricity, wind power does not leave the environment entirely unharmed.
雅思阅读信号词D、表示时间先后关系
例词：now, later, before, after, since, when, first, second, next, at last, eventually, finally
例句：As the volunteers began to fall asleep, the electrodes detected the slow rolling eye movements which could be seen easily through their eyelids. Soon after, the volunteers fell deeper into sleep and their eyes became still.
雅思阅读信号词E、表示排列次序
例词：another, the second…even more…the most… the best… the least…
例句：This situation is compounded by yet another factor.
雅思阅读信号词F、表示因果关系
例词：as, because, for, since, owing to, thanks to, which in turn, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, hence
例句：As they became independent, most developing countries enthusiastically embraced education.
雅思阅读信号词G、表示举例或说明关系
例词：that is to say, in other words, i. E. Such as, for example, for instance
例句：More recent developments such as those seen on California wind farms have dramatically changed the economic picture for wind energy.
正确的雅思阅读方法
现实生活中，不同文化有不同的观念，往往带来认识上的偏差和误区，这也反映在日常的英语学习。
不同文化有不同的阅读方法
中国学生习惯于采取细读的方法进行阅读，也就是说，从左边一个字一个字地读到右边，再下一行。这样，速度很慢，而且影响阅读质量。一来，浪费时间，如果遇到不懂的地方，读得再慢还是不懂;二来，如果是内容比较浅的话，精力容易分散，阅读质量反倒不升。
西方学生阅读时往往更注重于根据不同的阅读需要采取相对应的阅读方法来最有效地获取信息，谋求更好、更到位的理解。
学会提取段落主题句是关键
一般中国老师在小学的时候就开始教学生概括段落大意，但是方法是通篇全读，领悟后自行总结。
西方老师的方法就不一样，根据西方段落写作的特点，段落的主旨是通过topicsentence(主题句)凸显出来的。老师在教学生概括段落大意时，会先教会学生根据段落结构的不同，主题句出现的位置不同去提取主题句，从而得到整段的段落大意。这就和中国学生的阅读方式有很大的不同了。所以，往往中国学生在做雅思题目时，因为没有这种做题的习惯，就往往提取不了段落主题句，通篇全读好几遍，依然无法确定其段落大意，以至答错题或没法答题了。
考察通过阅读提取信息能力
雅思阅读考试是针对同学们出去读书的实际需要，测试同学不同的通过阅读获取信息的阅读技巧。这些阅读技巧包括：scanning(查读)、skimming(略读)和intensivereading(精读)。根据不同的题型的具体要求，考生应相对应地用不同的解题方法进行高速解题。
在雅思阅读考试的过程中，经常会出现很多考生都不知道那些答案是什么意思，但就可以找到答案的情况出现。因为，雅思阅读考试的相当一大部分的侧重点是考察考生通过阅读提取信息的能力，而不是考考生对信息真正领悟的能力。希望大家能够多做一些雅思阅读题，加强雅思阅读学习。
如果我们用中国阅读的老办法来进行雅思阅读的话，会因为速度过慢而不能在规定的时间内完成答卷，造成不必要的损失。
学生应学会提高阅读速度，增强阅读能力，这样既能考好雅思考试，也能顺当地适应外国留学所需要的大量阅读。
【雅思阅读新变化之段落标记题】相关文章：
1.雅思阅读题怎么答
2.剑桥雅思阅读真题
10.如何寻找雅思阅读题的答案
文档为doc格式
