托福阅读中句子简化你懂了吗
“漫步小动物”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇托福阅读中句子简化你懂了吗，下面是小编为大家整理后的托福阅读中句子简化你懂了吗，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读，一起分享。
篇1：托福阅读中句子简化你懂了吗
托福阅读的句子简化
1、找原句逻辑：
找逻辑连接词词，常见逻辑连接词：
转折：but, however, yet, nevertheless
让步：although，though，even though， despite，in spite of
比较对比：more/less than, as…as , while, whereas, unlike
条件：if, only if, except, unless, provide that, as long as
因果： because (of) ,since, as, why, for, therefore, hence, thus, consequently, lead to, as a result (of),result in, result from, reason, A contribute to B, attribute/ascribe A to B, explain, come from, so A that B,A be responsible for B
2、找原句主干：
谁做什么，谁是什么 (一般删掉修饰语:定语从句，介词短语结构，时间地点状语)。
注意：若两个句子有对比关系，因为两个分句中被比较的事物本质可能都差不多，所以表修饰的定语从句才是关键，这时候定语时关键。
3、对比选项选答案：
排除有明显与主要信息矛盾的选项了，排除无中生有的逻辑。
除了以上提到的托福阅读句子简化题答题技巧外，解答托福阅读句子简化题一定要掌握好语法，希望大家在接下来的备考环节能够熟练应用以上技巧。
托福阅读句子化繁为简的方法
托福阅读中大家最烦的就是长难句，不仅影响理解还浪费不少时间，其实对于托福阅读句子大家要学会化繁为简，这也是托福阅读备考要重点学习和理解的地方，希望下面的介绍能给大家一些启发。
1. 简单句定义：
托福阅读备考练习中如果句子只包含一个主谓结构，句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示。
2. 分析方法：
对于难度较大的托福阅读简单句，阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾，找出句子的主干，忽略其他的成分，将长句变成短句，新托福阅读要学会将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。
3. 复杂的简单句解析：
(1)不定式及不定式短语做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语
例1.To hold people accountable for their actions is important.
中文译文：督促人们为自己的行为负责是十分重要的。
结构分析：不定式短语to hold people accountable for their action 做主语。
(2)动名词及动名词短语做主语、表语、宾语
例2. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions，and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.
中文译文：它涉及到探究深层次的关注，想出有创造性的解决方案，以及当利益矛盾时，做出交易和妥协。
结构分析：这是一个简单句。主语是it，谓语是involves，三个动名词短语做宾语(属于平行结构)。在阅读中经常出现“a and b”或“a or b”的形式，其中a 与b 同义或近义，所以只要认识其中一个词就能猜测出另一个词的大致意思。例如：trade-off and compromises。
(3)后置定语
例3. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation，the act of communication intended to reach agreement.
中文译文：做这件事最常用的方法是谈判，一种想要达成一致的交流的行为。
结构分析：The most common procedure for doing this 是主语从句;过去分词短语intended to reach agreement 是the act of communication 的后置定语，the act of communication intended to reach agreement 是negotiation的同位语，对negotiation 进行解释。
托福阅读中的长难句简化原则
托福阅读中有着几种题型是每次考试都爱出现的，其中托福阅读试题中的句子简化题便是一个，这种托福阅读题如果不会正确的方法可能会耽误不少时间，下面就来详细介绍一下这个问题。
句子简化的托福阅读试题可分为两种类型，那解答这种托福阅读题的方法也相应不同：
第一种是有逻辑关系的句子。那就需要分辨是哪一种逻辑关系，常见的逻辑关系有三种：转折、因果和比较;第二步就是要确定逻辑关系的双方：假如是因果关系就需要确定原因和结果分别是什么。错误选项往往会因果倒置;假如是转折关系就需要确定作者更强调哪一部分信息。错误选项往往把次要信息放在主要的位置上(如but后面);如果是比较关系的话，就需要确定比较的双方，比较的内容和比较的结果。错误选项往往把比较结果弄反。
有些托福阅读题型句子逻辑和答案逻辑是相对应的，优先用逻辑解题比较简单，可以迅速正确解题，如例1。
Example 1 TPO5-2 The Origin of the Pacific Island People
Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.
○ The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.
○ Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.
○ The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.
先看原句，contrary to表示一个与主干部分相反的附加信息，主干部分在逗号之后，后半句说看起来合理的是这个壮举是由精心准备的殖民远征实现的，他们满载食物和动植物。原句中出现了一个表示相反的逻辑关系。选项中只有C和D含有转折关系。C说尽管看起来带着充足的食物殖民远征是合理的，但是这被很多证据反驳。原句中并没有体现用证据来反驳，所以C不正确。选项D中的intentional and well planed对应原句的deliberate，rather than 对应原句开头的contrary to，原文就是否定了意外，支持了精心准备，所以D正确。
但是有时会发现光靠逻辑去解题，有时不会简单甚至会错误，因为有时逻辑对了但语义不对，但有些逻辑发生了改变但是却是正确选项，如例2所示。
Example 2 TPO3-3 The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems
Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform.
11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.
○Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.
○Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.
○A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.
先看句子，有not…but…表转折，如果先通过逻辑去做题，那就直接把正确的D选项直接排除掉了，A,B,C都有rather than，not，not等，显然这个方法是不行的，所以还得靠主干来做题。
句子中间逗号隔开，逗号之前是environment，之后是对environment的解释，所以这个句子的重点在前半句，说许多的生态学家现在认为 C群落的长期稳定性不是来源于多样性，而是来源于P环境。因此这句话的核心就是P对稳定性的决定作用。只有D与原句吻合，说P环境可以被认为增加稳定性，因为它可以支持广泛的各种各样的有机体，because后面的原因与原句后半句对应。
选项A说： 生态学家现在认为稳定性来源于多样性而不是P。与原文相反。
选项B说： P没有多样性。不对，原文P环境能支持更多的物种，且它没有说P和稳定性的关系，也不对;
选项C说： 统一的环境不可能是C群落，因为它们不能像P一样支持许多种类的有机体，主语Uniform environments出现在原句后半句，不是句子核心，所以一定不对。
第二种类型是没有逻辑关系的句子，那就需要确定句子的主干成分。确定句子的主谓宾，修饰部分先不看，根据主干成分去确定选项(正确选项往往是原文的主动变被动、语序颠倒或同义替换)。假如有超过一个选项符合句子的主干成分，再去看句子的修饰成分信息是否一致。错误选项往往是把原文次要信息当作主要信息来讲;或描述错误信息、无中生有信息等。
Example 3 TPO4-1 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound
11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
In addition to finding increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.
○Arthur Einarsen’s longtime family with the Pacific Northwest ?helped ?him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.
○Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food(browse).
○Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important ?to find additional open areas with suitable browse for deer to inhabit.
○According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer ?in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.
句子无明显逻辑，抓住干，句子有很多逗号，我们要先找到句子主语。开头in addition to是附加信息不会是主语，后面like举例子也不会是主语，再后面AE是一个人名，可能是主语，后面紧接着说生物学家，是AE的同位语，最后一个小分句， found是个动词，是句子谓语，这句话的核心是说AE发现空地上的草更有营养。到选项当中，只有B说 Arthur Einarsen 发现无树的觅食地点能给鹿提供更多更好的食物，这里的better对应原句more nutritive，deforested feeding grounds对应the open areas，因为the 表明前文中有提到，而前一句确实就说了deforested，因此完全对应，本题选B。
选项A说： AE与西北太平洋的密切关系帮助他发现有更多合适草料的地区。西北太平洋在原句中不是重点，在A里却是主语中的内容，所以A不能选。
选项C说：像Arthur Einarsen这样的生物学家认为，为鹿寻找额外的开阔并拥有合适嫩草的居住区是很重要的。主语不对，且原句中没强调重要性，C错。
选项D说：根据Einarsen，越橘和藤槭是典型植被，某日可能可以改善太平洋西北宽阔地区鹿的营养。D的主语huckleberry and vine maple只是原句中like分句中的例子，不是句子重点，所以D错。
综上所述，句子简化题，先看句子，有逻辑优先根据逻辑来看，但是不一定逻辑正确就是正确选项，还得结合内容;无逻辑直接找主干，带着主干信息，然后去选项中找答案
篇2：托福阅读句子简化题技巧
托福阅读句子简化题技巧
句子简化题的考察形式非常容易识别，我们会在原文一段话中看到被“高亮”出的一个句子：
Paragraph 9: The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. What happens depends on pore size.If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
然后结合这个句子问这样一个问题：
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
如何攻克句子简化题呢?
首先，既然题目让我们选择与原句句意相同的选项，那就必须要保证能够读懂题目和各个选项句子的意思。切记，看懂才能做题，看不懂句子不要谈提高正确率。
看懂题目句子，在做这种题的时候可能还会在如下两点出现错误：
句子太长、信息太多，在判断选项的时候容易被选项拐跑，忘记了原句准确的意思，勿中干扰选项的陷阱。
对于原句和选项的改写判断错误，错选意思与原句不相符的答案
问题1：句子太长、信息太多，在判断选项的时候容易被选项拐跑，忘记了原句准确的意思，勿中干扰选项的陷阱。
这个问题可以通过以下这个方式来解决。读完句子后、判断选项前，我们尝试着把刚看完的这个长长的句子“分层”。所谓的分层，是根据连接词将长句子中的几个分句分别挑出来，单独来看。就好像把一个蛋糕分成小块，吃起来才比较方便。之后，判断每个选项时，也将选项进行分层。我们要将原句的每一块“蛋糕”，和选项的每一块“蛋糕”分别进行比对，来判断该选项是否与原文一致。同时，除了判断每一个分句句意是否对应，也要判断连接分句的连接词是否也能构成对应的改写。
例题：
Only the last of these(指代前文running water) was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.
○Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously, but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere could not be water driven.
○The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are the most suitable for factories, which explains why so many water-powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places.
○Since machines could be operated continuously only where running water was abundant, grain and textile mills, as well as other factories, tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland.
○Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it, factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.
读清楚题目句子的意思之后，根据连接词将它分成三个部分，如下所示。
Only the last of these(指代前文running water) was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills,it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.
“准备工作”完成之后，我们来依次判断选项。
A选项错误：第一部分“Running water was the best power source for factories”的意思，原文三部分都未曾提及。原句橙色部分只说“只有水完全适合机械的持续运转”，但是否只有水适合、或者水最适合factories?factories和machine的持续运作并不等价。其次，原文的蓝色部分也并没有提到A选项后半部分所述的“流水仅仅在Lancashire和Scotland是很丰富的”。
B选项错误：第二部分“so many water-powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places”在原句中并未提到，原句蓝色部分只说“L和S地区的水力能够给grain mills和textile mills提供动力”。
C选项错误：第一部分上来就错了，原句橙色部分根本没讲“机械只能在水很丰富的地方运行”。
D选项正确：第一部分对应原句橙色部分，第二部分对应原句紫色部分，妥妥的正确。
问题2：对于原句和选项的改写判断错误，错选意思与原句不相符的答案
如果是因为对句意和选项意思把握不够准确而产生的这个问题，请多读读文章，认真背单词，好好翻译翻译句子。
如果是逻辑不够严谨、不够仔细而导致判断改写出错，“错把冯京当马凉”，请多刷刷题，各种题，都能治。
一些防不胜防的变态正确选项
#1 正确答案的逻辑关系与原句的逻辑关系貌似不符(出现几率10.7%)
有些同学喜欢根据“逻辑”来判断选项的正误，选项有原文的“逻辑关系”(大部分时候其实就是连词)，那么选项有可能是正确的。下面的例题对于这种解法提了个醒。
例题：
For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them; nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
正确答案为：
Myths sometimes survived in a society’s tradition because of their artistic qualities even after they were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.
正确选项的因果关系在原文并未直接给出，但是记住，逻辑关系并不一定是通过连接词来表达的，比如result from就可以表示因果关系，经过改写完全可以变成“because … , …”的句子结构。再者，往往很多逻辑关系在初步理解句意的时候是无法非常直观的判断出来。
本题的句意，不仅描述了myths被保留下来，更是说明保留神话的原因是其艺术价值，所以正确答案的这个因果关系是符合原句意思的。
再比如这个题目：
The growth of the electric-power industry was the result of a remarkable series of scientific discoveries and development in electrotechnology during the nineteenth century, but significant changes in what we might now call hydro (water) technology also played their part.
正确答案：
Advances in electrotechnology in the nineteenth century and changes in hydro technology were responsible for the growth of the electric-power industry.
这答案根本没有原文的“but”，但是并不影响这个句子100%复述了题目句子的含义。
出现几率10%，这个比例并非小数目。这恰巧说明，同意改写确实是阅读中考察的一个重点。而同意改写并非一些古板的规则能够归纳总结，具体情况还是要根据人家给出的句子和选项的意思来判断。
#2 正确答案并不包含句子主干(出现几率5.4%)or省略部分原句信息(出现几率35.7%)
纳尼!居然以前老师讲的“对应主干”是不对的?
其实把这个现象解释成“没有100%通用的方法”，是可以说得通的，毕竟万事没有绝对。但是对于这种题目，“对应主干”的解题步骤可能需要打个折扣。原因在于一个句子的essential information有时候未必通过句子结构能够判断出来，就好像“状语”和“定语”有时候都长一个样子。
遇到这类题目，使用排除的思路更合适。最后剩下的那个选项与原句部分相符，而其他选项句意都错误，即使它不包含主干，那么也唯有选它了。
例题：
In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.
“据说”句子的主语和谓语在答案中是需要有的，不过答案偏偏是：Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws.
找谁说理去。
除了句子“主干”被抛弃，“次要信息”被抛弃的情况会更多，出现几率更大，相信大家在做官方真题Official的时候一定会遇到个把这样的选项，扔掉了部分原句的内容。由于这类选项很多，在这儿就不举例子了。
#3 句子中会出现指代前文的代词，需要根据前文确认指代内容(出现几率5.4%)
比如刚才那道running water的题，原句上来就是only the last of these。要想看懂句意，必然结合前文确定指代内容，这样才能选择答案。
#4 结合前文信息，才能准确理解并判断选项(出现几率3.6%)
例题：
In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.
正确答案为：
Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food.
很多同学对这个题目中open areas开阔地区和deforested grounds的改写非常费解。其实这个句子的前文讲到了第三个使得鹿群数量增长的原因，这个原因就是森林都被砍伐了。然后这句话说道，open areas的食物不仅多、而且有营养，就是黑尾鹿增加的原因。所以前文提到的森林都被砍伐了的地区deforested grounds就是句子里说到的open areas。极个别的题目，还真没法只看这一句就100%理解并得到答案。
#5 正确选项和原句句意差别较大(出现几率5.4%)
例题：
Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years.
正确答案为：
Changes in systematically deposited substances that are affected by climate can indicate climate variations over time.
原句所述为“物质的化学和物理性质会随着环境变化，这些物质能够以一定的顺序沉积，从而记录这些性质变化的情况”，而正确答案内容为“沉积的物质中特性的变化能够表明环境的变化”。
这个正确选项虽未能与原句每部分直接构成明显的改写，但根据原句的意思是能够得出这个答案的。这种情况下，同样也要有排除选项的意识的。我们可以搂一眼下面的错误选项，意思都与原文是不相符的。
错误选项：
○ Because physical and chemical properties of substances are unchanging, they are useful records of climate fluctuations over time.
○ For hundreds or thousands of years, people have been observing changes in the chemical and physical properties of substances in order to infer climate change.
○ Because it takes long periods of time for the climate to change, systematic changes in the properties of substances are difficult to observe.
虽然这些变态的情况出现几率不算高，但是大家也需要注意，以免到时候丢分。如果不注意，不要再来问：为什么我会错个别的句子简化题。
这TM也配当错误选项
大部分错误选项与原句信息不符、或讲述了一些原句根本没有提到的内容。但是还有一些选项，句意没错，但并不能作为正确答案，原因是这样的。
例题：
Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.
正确选项：
○Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains into petroleum.
干扰选项：
○Deposits of sediments on top of organic matter increase the temperature of and pressure on the matter.
正确选项不仅对应原句逗号前面整句话的信息，还包含了逗号后面的内容。干扰选项虽然对应逗号前面的部分，但是逗号后面的内容并未包含。相比之下，包含原句的信息更多且句意正确的选项，更应该是正确答案。
换个角度来讲，正确答案的意思更能够完整表达原句的意思。原句逗号后面的内容虽然是从句，但却是整个过程发生后的结果。干扰选项未将其纳入句中，表达的意思便稍稍欠缺火候。
貌似应该有总结!
bibi了这么多，简短的小结一下：
理解句意非常必要。
分层分块，再判断选项。
重要的是判断选项的意思正确与否，什么主干不主干的，逻辑不逻辑的，先放放哈。
对应原句信息更多，且句意正确的选项，更应该选。
根据情况，适当结合上下文。
托福考试阅读技巧 列举题解析
托福考试阅读中的列举题主要考察考生能否抓住文章主要信息，排除一些与文章内容无关信息的能力。所以，ETS也这类题型称之为“否定事实信息题”(negative factual information question)。其常用的出题形式为：
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passages?
The author mentions all of the followings X.X.X, except X.X?
一、列举题两大分类：集中列举和分散列举
1. 集中列举
集中列举的形式有：三个名词或词汇连续出现，各个名词或词汇之间以逗号隔开;三个短语连续出现;三个句子连续出现。对于集中列举题，只需根据题干或选项定位原文，排除在原文的集中列举之处出现的三个选项，剩下的一个选项为正确答案。例如，
They used the pots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way that ancient people used pottery?
(A) To hold food.
(B) To wash clothes.
(C) To cook.
(D) To transport objects.
这里，我们先看题干，问的是古代人是怎么使用罐子的。看完这个题目之后我们回到原文：They used the pots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place. 答案B自然就出来了。A，C答案可以直接在原文中找到，D答案是对原文内容的改写。
2. 分散列举
分散列举，顾名思义，就是说各项出现的位置比较的分散，可能出现于同一段落之中，或分布于全文各段。对于分散列举，我们同样需要根据题干或选项定位原文，将各个选项与所对应的原文逐个进行比较，采用排除法，在原文未提到或与原文相矛盾的选项为正确答案。解答这类题目需要注意文章每个段落的首尾句。
二、解答列举题的三大步骤：
1. 看题干找关键词：
如果问题中线索，即，有和原文相同词语，我们称之为关键词，可以根据它定位，然后将四个选项与定位的地方进行比较。如果没有关键词，可以先定位于上一个问题对应的段落之后的段落。一般来说，IBT阅读考试题目的顺寻和原文章的顺序相同。
2. 阅读四个选项：
如果题干中没有线索的，可以阅读四个选项，总结其中的共同点进行定位，或者根据各个选项中的关键词一一进行定位。
3. 排除与原文相符的选项：
将各个选项与原文比较以后，排除其中符合原文意思的选项，剩下的一个选项，或者与原文相矛盾，或者在原文未提到，就是正确答案。
总之，列举题的基本思路是排除，排除与原文相符的选项，与原文相矛盾的选项或原文未提到的选项是正确答案。
托福考试阅读技巧 词汇题解析
词汇题就是从具体的语境中理解词汇。鉴于英语单词的一词多义，所以准确理解某一个单词的意思需要依据语境。这里的语境就是我们所要阅读的文章的上下文。一般来说通过上下文推断或者猜测词意，上下文中可以利用的信息为，例句，对比词，同义词，反义词或者其他段落的解释等。此外，文章中一些特定搭配关系也可以帮助我们找到正确的答案。IBT的词汇题考的都是近义词，题目常见的问法如下：The word (or phrase) X is closest in meaning to ……, the word (or phrase) x could be best replaced by X。做这类题目，判断所考察词汇在原句中与其周围词汇的关系是关键，此外还要注意所考察词汇的词性。下面我们来看看常见的五种可以帮助我们迅速找到词汇题答案的特殊关系。
一、五类常见的词汇关系：
1. 直接反义关系—该词前或后出现的内容提示我们是反义关系。 表示相反概念的词语如下rather than，instead，unlike，contrast，on the contrary.
例如:
The main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on hard
work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother’s values instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity
The word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __
A) refuses to accept B) lives up to C) tries to understand D) makes the best of
假如repudiates我们不认识，从后面的小词 instead 这个词判定儿子和值观念是相反的，由此信息看四个选项，你会发现只有A选项带有否定的意味
2.并列关系：并列关系词如下： and，not only ..but also，as…as，and，both … and，either… or neither… nor
例如:
She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.
The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to
A) took a trip to B) started out on C) improved upon D) had a opinion about
回到原文看embarked on周围的词语和它在这个句子中的作用。在这句中关健词 and 其后出现soon began告诉我们前后方向是一致的，前面也必然和began有关，所以本题目的正解是B。
3.解释关系:后面的句子或短词,单词来解释前面的词。常见的标志词:Contribute to，be responsible for，account for，since ，therefore ，for，because，in which等
例如:
His big break came with the novel So big(1924) ,which was awarded the Pulitzer in literature.
The word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___
A) Rupture B) revelation C) opportunity D) rest
which was awarded the Pulitzer in Literature告诉我们一定考查的是正态度，所以答案不可能是A) D)，所以应该选 C) Opportunity 是一种有利的状态或合适的时机。
4. 动宾关系：看看宾语能否受动词支配，或从动词短语搭配去判定.
例如:
The oxidation of exhaust gases is one of primary sources of the world’s pollutions. The brown haze that is poised over some of the world’s largest cities is properly called photochemical smog.
The word poised in this sentence is closest in meaning to__
A) interacting B) sitting C) blowing D) poisoning
首先从搭配关系上可以排除 interacting ,interact with 然后可以从上下文关系排除 blowing over 因为吹走了就是不会有smog.而poison考试中及物才有pollute的含义，不及物只有一种含义表示投毒。
5. 形容词修饰名词关系：
例如:
When the gas reaches the air, it comes into contact with available oxygen from atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (No2), which is a gas with a brownish hue.
The word hue in this sentence is closest in meaning to
A)color B)odor C)thickness D)smoke
对于本题你会发现有个小词brownish 呈褐色的，首先从形容词修饰名词关系可以直接排除B odor C thickness， 其次可以通过 a gas with brownish hue前面的 gas 排除 D smoke，用词重复。所以正确答案是A。
二、解决词汇题的三大技巧：
1、首先看是否认识, 如果在认识, 采用就近原则，在选项中找同义或近义词, 并代入原文检验;如果不认识,将4个选项代入原文, 看上下文是否合理。
2、分析词语在句子中的作用，了解词性，然后按照上面提供的5类关系方法找出正确答案。
3、看选项，如果选项的有2个答案都比较合适，根据词汇搭配的5类关系，选择在含义上与原词最合适的。
总之，根据原文章语境理解所要选择词汇的词性和其在句中的作用，然后根据5类词汇搭配关系来选择合适的选项是解决这类题目的基础，排除法是解决这类题的主要方法。
篇3：新托福阅读句子简化例题
新托福阅读句子简化例题
. . . Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct themclay, glass, wood, fiber, and metalit was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the applied arts. Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters, and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the objects primary function . . .
The tested sentence is highlighted in the passage.
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.
B. The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.
C. Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.
D. The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.
正确答案是A
篇4：托福阅读句子简化题怎么做
句子简化题其实是货真价实的Paraphrase，一般就是给出长难句，让选择跟原文意思最为相近的选项。
这种题需要一定的把握长难句的能力，也需要一定的语法基础。如果考过GMAT的，做惯了Sentence Correction的同学应该觉得不太难。这种题还需要多练习，小编也从技巧的角度来作出一些解释。
按照托福官方指南OG的解释是，错误选项通常犯了如下两个错误：一是与原文意思相悖，二是漏掉了原文重要的内容。要解决这个问题，首先应该把句子的主要成分，即主谓宾按照小学时候学过的缩句方法提炼出来，明白句子的主要意思，再到选项中去找合适的。选的时候一定要再三斟酌，切忌看了某一个选项就做出决定而不管其它三个。
篇5：托福阅读句子简化题怎么做
用官方指南OG29页例题举例，把原句缩句：Since laws have determined form, forms can vary within certain limits. 其中B选项忽略掉了forms can vary…的意思;C，D选项后半句的意思跟原文相反;分别都犯了上述两种错误之一。所以选A。只要能准确把握原文的意思，难度不大。如果时间足够充足，我建议用GMAT的SC部分来锻炼把握长难句的能力，对阅读也有好处。不过大概需要1到2周的时间，不适合于时间紧张的考生。
托福阅读题最重要的是找到阅读段的主题句，分析出出题者的意图，然后根据文章关键词进行答题。考生在做托福阅读题的时候需要重视开头段，结尾段和过渡段，在这三个地方，一般会包含着托福阅读段的真实题义。
想要在托福阅读中考出理想成绩，除了对题型、解题技巧有深入了解之外，更重要的是平时多看多练，才能在考试中灵活的使用解题技巧。
托福阅读背景之外星人来地球度假
Government officials believe aliens may visit Earth and suggest harnessing UFO technology for UK defences, files say.
Documents from the Ministry of Defence classified archives show staff believed aliens could visit for “military reconnaissance”, “scientific” research or “tourism”.
In a 1995 briefing now published by the National Archives, a desk officer said the purpose of reported alien craft sightings “needs to be established as a matter of priority”, adding there did not appear to be “hostile intent”.
The unnamed official said it was “essential that we start with open minds”, explaining “what is scientific ‘fact’ today may not be true tomorrow”.
Clarifying he did not “talk to little green men every night”, he said: “We have a remit that we have never satisfied. That is, we do not now (sic) if UFOs exist.
“If they do exist, we do not know what they are, their purpose or if they pose a threat to the UK.
“If the sightings are of devices not of the earth then their purpose needs to be established as a matter of priority. There has been no apparent hostile intent and other possibilities are: 1) Military reconnaissance; 2) Scientific; 3) Tourism.”
He added that “if reports are taken at face value” they showed extraterrestrial vehicles had “a very wide range of speeds and are stealthy”.
Thus, he suggested, “we could use this technology, if it exists”.
His briefing document lists possible reasons for UFO sightings, including mass hallucinations, US aircraft, “atmospheric events” and hoaxes, but indicated none provide a fully convincing explanation.
It adds there are “some indications that the reported incidents are only the tip of an iceberg and many people do not wish to risk embarrassment and so do not report sightings”.
He also noted that the number of reports of “strange objects in the skies” increased dramatically after the Second World War, with most sightings coming from “farmers, policemen, doctors and lovers”.
在英政府公布的一批有关UFO的机密文档中，英政府官员称外星人可能造访地球，并提议利用外星人高超的飞行器技术为英国国防服务。
国防部机密档案的文件显示，有官员认为外星人造访地球可能是为了进行军事侦察，科学研究，或者度假观光。
在国家档案馆公布的一份1995年的简报中，一名事务员称应首先确认报告中的外星人乘飞行器到地球的目的，并称他们看起来并无“敌意”。
这位匿名官员还说：“重要的是，我们要有开放的思想，”并解释道“今天的科学‘事实’，到了明天可能并不正确。”
他澄清他从未“夜夜与小绿人谈话。”他说：“有一项工作我们一直没能实现。那就是，我们不知道UFO是否存在。”
“如果他们确实存在，我们也并不知道他们是什么物种，有什么目的，或是否会对英国造成威胁。”
“如果这些目击事件所观测到的装置不是地球上的，那么应首先确认这些外来者的目的。目前并未发现他们有明显的敌意，其他的可能目的有：1)军事侦察;2)科学研究;3)度假观光。”
他还说“若从表面上来看报告的内容”，外星人使用的交通工具速度奇快，而且应该具有隐形功能。
因此，他提议：“如果这种交通工具存在，我们可以利用它的技术。”
他在简报文件中列出了出现UFO目击事件的几种可能，其中包括集体幻觉，可能看到的是美国飞行器，可能是某种大气现象，甚至可能是恶作剧，但都没有做出能够完全令人信服的解释。
报告中还“暗示报告上来的UFO目击事件只是冰山一角，因为怕尴尬等原因，许多人并没有对政府报告自己的‘发现’。”
他还指出，在二战之后，报告“天空中出现奇异物体”的事件出现了迅猛增长，大部分报告者为“农民、警察、医生以及情侣”。
托福阅读背景：茶和咖啡哪个更适合你
Countless arguments have been waged over the superiority of one beverage over the other. But what does the scientific evidence say?
关于这两种饮料孰优孰劣的问题已经引发了无数争论。但是科学证据是怎样的呢?
George Orwell may have written that “tea is one of the mainstays of civilization in this country” – but even we British have to acknowledge that our national drink is facing stiff competition from the espressos, cappuccinos, and lattes invading our shores.
乔治·奥威尔或许写过“茶是这个国家文明的一个支柱”这样的句子——但我们英国人也要承认，随着浓咖啡、卡布奇诺和拿铁侵入国门，我们的全民饮料正面临着激烈的竞争。
Despite the dangers of wading into such a charged argument, BBC Future decided to weigh up the relative merits of each drink. There’s no accounting for taste, of course, but we have combed the scientific literature for their real, measurable effects on our body and mind.
尽管探讨这个敏感话题充满风险，“BBC未来”栏目还是决定对每种饮品的相对优点进行评估。当然，百人百味，但通过精心梳理科学文献，我们找出了它们对人体和大脑真实的、可测量的影响。
The wake-up call
醒脑剂
For many, the caffeine kick is the primary reason we choose either beverage; it’s the oil to our engines when we’re still feeling a bit creaky in the morning. Based purely on its composition, coffee should win hands down: a cup of tea has about half the dose (40 milligrams) of the stimulant caffeine that you would find in a standard cup of brewed filter coffee (80 to 115 milligrams). Yet this doesn’t necessarily reflect the jolt of the wake-up call.
对许多人来说，咖啡因的兴奋作用是我们选择这两种饮料的主要原因;在睡眼惺忪的清晨，咖啡因就像石油一样，给我们身体的引擎以能量。只考虑成分的话，咖啡可以轻松获胜：一杯茶的咖啡因含量(40毫克)大约只有标准杯过滤咖啡(80至115毫克)的一半。然而，这并非反映了它们的醒脑作用。
Dosing subjects with either tea or coffee, one study found that both beverages left subjects feeling similarly alert later in the morning.
通过让被试者饮用一定量的茶或咖啡，一项研究发现，这两种饮料都能让受试者在早晨晚些时候感到同样清醒。
Verdict: Against logic, tea seems to provide just as powerful a wake-up call as coffee. It’s a draw.
结论：虽然逻辑上讲不通，但茶跟咖啡的醒脑作用似乎不相上下。平局。
Sleep quality
睡眠质量
The biggest differences between coffee and tea may emerge once your head hits the pillow.
咖啡和茶之间最大的差异或许将集中体现在睡眠上。
Comparing people drinking the same volume of tea or coffee over a single day, researchers at the University of Surrey in the UK confirmed that although both drinks lend similar benefits to your attention during the day, coffee drinkers tend to find it harder to drop off at night – perhaps because the higher caffeine content finally catches up with you.
通过对比研究每天饮用等量的茶或咖啡的人，英国萨里大学的研究人员证实，尽管两种饮料在白天对注意力集中的作用差不多，但或许是因为咖啡里的咖啡因含量更高，喝咖啡的人晚上更难入睡。
Tea drinkers, in contrast, had longer and more restful slumbers.
相比之下，喝茶的人睡得更久更香。
Verdict: Tea offers many of the benefits of coffee, without the sleepless nights – a clear win.
结论：茶不仅拥有咖啡的许多好处，还不会带来不眠之夜——完胜
Tooth staining
牙齿变黄
Along with red wine, coffee and tea are both known to turn our pearly whites a murky yellow and brown. But which is worse?
众所周知，红酒、咖啡和茶都会把洁白的牙齿慢慢染成暗黄色或棕褐色。但哪个最糟糕?
Most dentists seem to agree that tea’s natural pigments are more likely to adhere to dental enamel than coffee’s – particularly if you use a mouthwash containing the common antiseptic chlorhexidine, which seems to attract and bind to the microscopic particles.
大多数牙医似乎一致认为，茶中的天然色素比咖啡的更易附着于牙釉质之上——尤其当你使用常见的洗必泰漱口水时，其中的消毒洗必泰能吸引并聚合微观粒子。
Verdict: If you want a perfect smile, coffee may be the lesser of two evils.
结论：如果你想展现完美笑容，两害相权取其轻，咖啡也许还好一点。
A balm for troubled souls…
不安灵魂的慰藉……
In England, it’s common to give “tea and sympathy” to a distressed friend – the idea being that a cup of Earl Grey is medicine for troubled minds. In fact, there is some evidence that tea can soothe your nerves: regular tea drinkers do tend to show a calmer physiological response to unsettling situations (such as public speaking), compared to people drinking herbal infusions. Overall, people who drink three cups a day appear to have a 37% lower risk of depression than those who do not drink tea.
英国人喜欢给烦恼苦闷的朋友送去“茶与同情”——这是由于他们认为伯爵茶能够治愈不安的灵魂。事实上，有证据表明，茶可以舒缓神经：与喝中草药的人相比，经常饮茶者在处理一些令人不安的情况(如公开演讲)时确实表现得更为镇静。总的来说，每天喝三杯茶的人比不喝茶的人罹患抑郁症的风险要低37%。
Coffee doesn’t have the same reputation; indeed, some report that it makes them feel like their nerves are jangling. Yet there is some evidence that it too may protect against long-term mental health problems. A recent “meta-analysis” (summarising the results of studies involving more than 300,000 participants) found that each cup of coffee a day seems to reduce your risk of developing depression by around 8%. In contrast, other beverages (such as sweetened soft drinks) only increase your risk of developing mental health problems.
咖啡并没有这种功效;事实上，有些人觉得咖啡会让人有些神经错乱。但是也有证据表明，咖啡能预防长期精神问题。最近的一项“荟萃分析”(总结了超过30万名参与者的研究结果)发现，每天一杯咖啡的人患抑郁症的风险比常人要低大约8%。相比之下，其他饮料(如甜味软饮)只会增加患精神疾病的风险。
Verdict: Based on this limited evidence, it’s a draw.
结论：基于有限的证据，平局。
…and a balm for bodies……
身体的万金油
Similarly tantalising, though preliminary, epidemiological studies have suggested that both coffee and tea offer many other health-giving benefits. A few cups of either beverage a day appears to reduce your risk of diabetes, for instance.
流行病学研究虽然才刚刚起步，但也很吸睛。该领域研究表明，咖啡和茶都对身体还有其它益处。例如，每天喝几杯会降低患糖尿病的风险。
Both drinks also seem to moderately protect the heart, although the evidence seems to be slightly stronger for coffee, while tea also appears to be slightly protective against developing a range of cancers – perhaps because of its antioxidants.
饮用这两种饮料能对心脏起到一定的保护作用，尽管证据显示似乎咖啡的功效更强，但许是因为茶中的抗氧化剂，茶对预防癌症也有些许功效。
Verdict: Another draw – both drinks are a surprising, health-giving elixir.
结论：还是平局——这两种饮料都是神奇的、有益健康的灵丹妙药。
Overall verdict: Much as we Brits would have liked tea to come out the clear victor, we have to admit there is little between the two drinks besides personal taste. Based solely on the fact that it allows you to get a better night’s sleep, we declare tea the winner.
总结：大部分英国人都会觉得茶很明显更胜一筹。但除了个人口味，必须承认的是两者的差异并不大。仅仅基于能让人好眠这一点，茶无疑是赢家。
Vocabulary
pigment: 色素
dental enamel: 牙釉质
antioxidant: 抗氧化剂
elixir: 万能药
篇6：托福阅读句子简化题型及答案
托福阅读句子简化题：Desert Formation
【Paragraph 10】The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas whereconsiderable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface. (Desert Formation)
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
【托福阅读中句子简化你懂了吗】相关文章：
5.你被过节了吗
7.你重视安全了吗
9.你走了吗散文
10.节约，你做到了吗
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