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浅析雅思阅读段落配对题的解题方法论文

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浅析雅思阅读段落配对题的解题方法论文

篇1:浅析雅思阅读段落配对题的解题方法论文

浅析雅思阅读段落配对题的解题方法论文

最近很多学生问我段落配对题怎么做,像剑5 P22/14-19这样的题目就是典型的段落配对题,它的问法主要是:Which paragraph contains the following statements?

很多学生对这种题目很头痛,觉得做起来无从下手,很麻烦!我们先来研究下这种题目是怎么出的:

命题人一般是从段落中挑出一句或者几句话,进行改写,然后打乱次序就变成了这种题目。换句话说,这种题型不遵循顺序原则,考察的是学生到原文找出指定的相关信息。

所以,做这种题目一般还是按照常规的方法,根据statements中的关键词到文中定位,一般只要能够看出statement是对文中哪一句话的同义变换,那么这道题就肯定做对了。问题是,由于词汇量的限制,有的学生找不到,所以就觉得很灰心!

需要强调的是,这种题型主要考两点:寻找细节的速度和对同义变换的'把握。没有词汇量做保证,没有较快的阅读速度,这种题目是不可能做好的!

但是值得指出的是,这种题型不是必考题型,就算考到了,不可能每道题都变换的很厉害以至于无从下手,一般地,总有几道是比较明显的,可以做的出的,偶尔有几道是让真正的英语高手才能做的出的!

篇2:雅思听力配对题解题方法详述

雅思听力配对题解题方法详述

配对题分为两种,一种是题目多,选项少;一种是题目少,选项多。例题属于前者:题目多,选项少。这使我们能确定我们的固定参照物是题目,只需听选项就行:题目是大写的术语,说明被替换的可能性非常低,但是同学们需要做到知道大概的发音;选项看似长其实可以抽象到只有三个单词即“will”“might”“wont’”.结合我们生活的实际情况我们想一下一般对于这三个词我们有多少种方式来表达:

will: be going to…, want to …etc. 有时候为了加强我们的语气,我们会加上这些词:certainly,of course,definitely,absolutely。

won’t:对于我们不会做的事我们通常会委婉地表达,比如我说:“明天跟我去A地吧” 对方回答我说:“如果是B就好了”言下之意是不会去A,而更倾向是B。极少数情况是强烈否定直接用“no”来回答。

might:对于这种中间地带的回答,大多情况的对话模式是:一个人提出问题,另一个人给与否定,两个人会进行一定的argue然后给出折中的方式: let’s talk about it later或者是we will do it if…给出一个成立的条件,当所说的条件成立时才会考虑。

带着已上分析我们来看给出的例题:

27:题目引入:the first one here is Gender Studies in Latin America(原音重现)。

答案原文:If it was to do with people in the villages rather than those in the public sphere, I would.这里引用了虚拟语气,而虚拟语气表达的内容是和说话时的事实相反的,由此得出选C。

28: 题目引入:Okay。 What about Second Language Acquisition?

答案原文: I’ll put that down as a definite, then.答案里明确出现了definite这个词所以选A。

29. 题目引入:What about Indigenous Women’s Lives.

答案原文:…and we can talk about it again later.所以选B

30.题目引入: And lastly, will you sign up for Portuguese Lessons?

除此之外,我们再来看一下配对题中的另一种形式,有关时间的配对题,为了表明它跟普通的配对题的解题方法的区分,我们2种都各举一个例子进行对比。

1. 普通配对题

我们首先来看一下剑6Test 1中的Section 2。

预读

题目中问的是What change has been made to each part of the theatre?

这是一种Matching搭配题,考生在做这种题的过程中,首先要注意选项的不同意思。

注意1:不要把每个选项都翻成汉语。

注意2:要注意选项中的特别修饰词。

A doubled in number 数目的double

B given separate entrance 分开的入口

C reduced in number 数目的reduce

D increased in size size的增加

E replaced 替换

F strengthened 加强

G temporarily closed 暂时关闭(这个词组的第一个词有可能造成问题)

考生要注意

11 box office _______________

12 shop _______________

13 ordinary seats _______________

14 seats for wheelchair users _______________

15 lifts ________________

16 dressing rooms _________________

Question 11

考生要注意路标词box office。

Question 12

考生要注意路标词shop。

Question 13

考生要注意路标词ordinary seats。

Question 14

考生要注意路标词seats for wheelchair users。

Question 15

考生要注意路标词lifts。

Question 16

考生要注意路标词dressing rooms。

听音过程

Question 11

考生听到box office之后会听到reoriented, access, side of the building中的任何一个。所以可以选出答案B。

难点:很多考生即使听到了这些组,也不一定意识到答案是given separate entrance。

同义词替换:access=entrance

Question 12

考生听到了shop之后要注意到……reopen the shop in the next few months, 听到这个词组之后考生要联系到closed这个词组。

正确答案:G

难点:temporarily对于很多考生是生词,不清楚是暂时。

同义词替换:reopen…… next few months=temporarily closed

Question 13

考生听到fewer seats之后要与答案reduced in number结合在一起。

正确答案:C

难点:这道题答案十分隐藏,很不容易引起考生的注意。因为在这里听不到路标词ordinary seats。

同义词替换:fewer = reduced in number

Question 14

这道题答案非常明显,考生在听到路标词wheelchair users之后, 会注意到twice as many, 那么考生要意识到同义词替换twice as many=doubled in number

正确答案:A

同义词替换:twice=doubled in number

Question 15

考生要注意lifts前面的词new,之后可以注意到used to,那么代表他们以前的,然后又提到They've now gone,那么要意识到答案是replaced。就是原来的被取代了。

正确答案:E

难点:考生听到了这些词,new, used to, gone, efficient,但是不知道概括成replaced。

同义词替换:new, gone=replaced

Question 16

路标词dressing rooms出现之后听到了是 converted into two large airy rooms, more comfortable, 然后又说electronic sound system 被installed。听到这些词之后,考生不一定能够猜出正确答案,但是可以使用排除法做题。从increased in size 和strengthened中选择一个。

正确答案: D

这个实际强调large=increased in size

难点:考生要有很强的概括能力或猜题能力,否则,即使听到了这些信息,也不一定选对答案。

特别说明,这个16题出题有问题,strengthened也有道理。

2. 时间配对题

我们来看一下剑7 Test3的Section2。

Questions 26-30就是另一种形式的matching 题目,也就是我们常见的时间配对题。

In what time period can data from the float projects help with the following things?

选项中有

At present, in the near future,还有in the long-term future.

那么各位考生要注意听音过程中的现在,很近的未来,和很长一段时间的替换词组。

在做26题的时候,考生听到了关键词 El Nino,然后后面有is being confirmed…,所以可以确定这是现在发生的,所以答案是A.

同义替换: is being = at present

做27题的时候,考生可以听到climate change,之后提到了 results are still a long way off……,所以可以确定这是未来很长一段时间才会发生的,所以答案选C。

同义替换: a long way off = in the long-term future

做28题的时候,在听到了Navy(naval的名词)和rescue之后,考生可以听到 that's happening right now,所以可以确定答案是A。

同义替换: right now = at present

做29题的时候,考生在听到了Sustainable fishing practices之后, 可以听到seeing the results quite soon,所以可以确定答案是B。

同义替换: quite soon= in the near future

在做30题的时候,考生可以听到Crop collection的同义词组,然后听到的时间词组是 a long way in the future,所以可以确定答案是C。

同义替换: a long way in the future = in the long-term run.

答案原文: Well, I’d much sooner do something else, then.所以选C。

雅思听力填空题的3种考法分析

填空题是雅思听力考试中出现比例最高的,又分为图表填空、句子完成、摘要填空等。这篇文章重点讲解图表填空的各种题型特点及解题技巧。图表填空分为个人信息表格、分类信息表格、流程图及地图题。特点是路标词汇明显,但信息密集。

一、信息表格题

此类题多出现在听力考试第一部分(Section 1),顾名思义,主要考察个人信息的填空,如姓名、地址、电话号码、国籍等。题目不难,但考点细致,原文会出现较多干扰,要求考生掌握扎实的听力基本功,能够快速、准确记录信息。下面是此类题目中的常见考点。

1. 数字信息

纯数字信息:

Telephone / fax/ mobile phone no. 电话、传真号码一般为7-8位数字,有时再加2-3位区号(area code),分机是“extension”;手机号码一般为10-12位;

credit card /account no. 信用卡、账户号码一般为16位数字;

Visa no. 签证号码一般为10-12位数字;

Date and day 日期与星期几

小贴士

1. 注意数字的特殊读法。如“零”可能读作:nil,naught,zero等;两个重复的数字读作double,三个重复的数字读作triple;

2. 日期中月份不能用数字表达,必须拼写,如October 22nd,但年月日俱全时可用数字,如15/01/1980,读作:fifteenth of first,nineteen eighty;

3. 小数点读法,如0.75读作zero point seven five,或point seventy-five;2.2 读作two dot two。

数字与字母组合

house no. 门牌号码 (e.g. 20A, 注意发音与28的区别)

bus no. 公共汽车(e.g. 14A)

passport no. 护照号码 (e.g. G25688963)

driver’s /driving no. 驾照号码

licence plate no. 车牌号码

membership no. 会员号码

medical card no. 医疗证号码

flight no. 航班号码 (e.g. BA207)

postcode 邮政编码(e.g. London N12, BS89PU)

小贴士

1. 和数字连一起的字母一定要大写;

2. 注意区分容易听混的字母,如M与N(通常考M居多),G与J等;

3. 一些易混淆字母会有解释,应了解常出现的代表字母的单词,如B for Bravo,D for Delta,G for Golf,J for Juliet,M for Mike,N for November,T for Tango等。

2. 姓名

注意题目要求是填写Surname(姓)还是Given name(名)。如填写Name,则都必须写。如:My name is Paul Smiley. It’s S-M-I-L-E-Y. 虽然原文只拼读了surname,但答案中两个都要写。因为Paul是一个很常见的名,要自己拼写。

小贴士

1. 常考的女子名:Anna, Alice, Cathy, Helen, Jane, Joan,Mary, Rose, Tracy;

2. 常考的男子名:Adam; Bill; David; George; Henry; Jim; Mark; Mike; Peter; Paul; Tom.

3. 国家或国籍

在听力考试中,这是两个不同的概念,Country: _____必须填写国家名;Nationality: ___ 必须填写国家的形容词形式。

小贴士

常考的国家形容词形式(按后缀归类)

-ish British, Spanish, Polish, Swedish, Danish, Irish, Turkish

-an American, Canadian(注意发音),Australian, Malaysian, Russian,

German

-ese Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Burmese, Portuguese

-ic Icelandic, Arabic

答案原文: Well, I’d much sooner do something else, then.所以选C。

4. 城市名

通常考察英国或澳大利亚的主要城市名,必须会拼写;其他城市名原文会拼读。

5. 地址

常见的考点是门牌号,街道名称,地区,邮编。注意书写顺序从小到大。如:23C Rose Lane。

常考的街道名称:

? 地点类名词作街道名,如:Bank, Bridge, Church, Hill, Lake

? 方向作为街道:North, South, (注意与Street连读时的省音现象),East, West

? 其他普通名词或形容词作街道名:Green, Black, Rose, Oak, New, Eagle, Wood, Gold, High, Long

? 复合名词作街道名:

Riverside, Woodside, Downland, Upland, Eastwood,

小贴士

1. 门牌号注意区分“十几”和“几十”,注意字母与数字的组合,如20A,不要写成28;

2. 不同的街道类型,Road(路), Street(街), Avenue(大街), boulevard (大道),Drive(车道), Lane(小路), Close(单行道), Square (广场)。

6. 度量单位

大家需要记住常用的长度、距离,重量,面积,容积,温度,货币等的度量单位

二、分类表格题

解题思路:

1. 快速扫描表格,先横后纵。即先扫描最上面的一行,再扫描最左边的一列。通常横栏为大的信息,纵列为小的分类;

2. 根据并列原则,判断所填写的信息,如数字、国家名、或是其他与同列信息类似的名词、形容词。

小贴士

1. 答案的大小写与表格已给信息保持一致;

2. 注意题号顺序。雅思听力考试一定是按照题目顺序放音的。如果表格中提供Example(例子),不管例子在第几栏出现,听力材料中一定会先提到例子指示的答案。

例题解析 (分类表格题)

Cambridge 6, Test 1, Section 1

Questions 1-4

三、地图题

解题思路:

1. 先找到地图的起始点、入口或讲话人所在的位置;

2. 快速浏览图中已给的信息,如街道、建筑物名称、方向指示箭头等;

3. 如果是填图题,注意听表示顺序的词,如first,then,next等;如果是配对题,注意表示方位的词,如north,south,left,right,opposite等。

怎样解答雅思听力填空题,这里有5个技巧

雅思听力填空题的解题步骤

填空题共分为三种,分别是notes /sentence completion、summary completion、table completion。其中notes completion以个人信息表为载体,summary completion排版格式复杂,篇幅较长,table completion的特色是出题节奏比较有规律。大家需要了解的是,雅思听力填空题考查细节,尤其是答案的书写格式,很多时候听到答案也会拼写,可是会因为忘记大小写、单复数、连字符等等而失分。

解题步骤:

1. 审题

看清题目要求和考题指示,是否有字数限制,一般是NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS(三个字以内),当然有的时候是两个字或四个字以内,要看具体的题目要求。雅思的评分标准很严格,即使答案的意思正确而超过了字数限制也是不得分的。

2. 预览,寻找关键词定位

预览试题的排版格式。例如在表格填空题中,第一步是要浏览表格的标题、图例和说明文字。预览标题的主要目的是为了确定文章论述的主题和场景,如果有熟悉的背景信息作为基础,听的过程就会得心应手很多。第二步就是浏览表格的横纵轴。所谓的横纵轴是指表格的最上面一行和最左边一列。浏览表格的横纵轴等于对表格的内容进行了分类阅读,为部分内容的预测提供了良好的线索和基础。

3. 预测(词性,词义,同义互换)

预测是利用生活常识、学科常识、语法常识和最重要的——对各场景的熟悉,对答案进行事先判断。以表格填空题为例,预测一般有两个思路,第一可以通过空格前后的语法和逻辑关系预测所填内容的词性,第二可以通过空格前后和横纵轴的内容预测所填答案的范围。进行了适当的预测后可以让我们在听的过程中有的放矢,找到答案也就不再如大海捞针般艰难了。先来说说预测词性,词性的预测有助于考生提高准确率。审题的过程中不仅要划出关键词,尤其要注意划出其中的否定形式,因为否定形式的部分在原文中一定会重读,当然了,在填空题中空格两边的词不可忽视,因为紧邻填空前的关键词经常是名词和形容词,这些关键词在绝大多数情况下要进行同义转换,因此大家可以以这些关键词作为缺失信息出现的判断依据。

比如剑5Test4Section1Question1,2,9,10:

预测:根据题目内容结合section1中renting场景常考考点(包括:地址,房租,日期,联系方式,时间,设施,租房者的英语水平…),预测四题的答案类型分别为地址,联系时间,房租价格和押金及入住日期,在听题时可以更有针对性。

4. 听题,利用空前后词和信号词定位答案

听题过程中要留意信号词的提示,注意同义互换和词义的联想。

比如剑4 Test1 Section2 Question11题目如下:

Riverside village was a good place to start an industry because it had water, raw materials and fuels such as _____and ________。

审题过程中大家会注意到such as这个表示举例的信号词,这也是本题的关键词,听力中常见的表示举例的信号词还有like, likewise, similarly等,它们都是such as的同义转换。

听力材料原文如下:

Raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood……

结果有不少学生后的答案是minerals and iron, 就是因为他们在听题时犯了先入为主的错误,忽略了such as其实是燃料的范围举例。其实大多数同学都认识fuels这个单词,那么常见的燃料有哪些,很多同学都能想到coal, petrol, gas这几种常见的燃料,即使在这里没有听到答案,也有可能根据常识做对一题的。

雅思听力填空题答题步骤5. 检查拼写和语法

每部分结束后考生们有时间检查,填写答题卡剩余的时间也主要用于拼写的检查。提醒考生们要注意常见的拼写误区,如单复数形式,时态,单词的大小写,名词所有格等等。

雅思听力填空题的解题技巧

1.听力填空题技巧:标记关键信号词

听力音频播放前,考生们一定要事前做好关键词标记,比如明显的时间信号词。

比如这个:By , carbon dioxide emissions need to be ____ lower than in 1990.

2个时间信号词就帮助考生框定了答案的范围,考生只要听力到这两个时间,基本上答案就出来了。

2.再比如地点信号词

有些题目中会有陌生的地点,考生看题目的时候很容易注意到,在听力过程中这类地点关键信号词也是很容易被考生获取到的。

比如这题:Average daily requirement for an adult in Antarctica is approximately____calories.

程度信号词:比较级。

一般出现程度副词或者比较级,可以等同于强调,这时候考生们请提高警惕,答案就在附近。一般程度词会有同义替换,不过如果是最高级,基本不会被替换掉的。举几个程度信号词:originally, the most…, only…, the main purpose 等等。

其他关键信号词:像明显的数字、大写、专有名词都是考生一眼就能看到的,也是考生一下子能在茫茫的听力内容里捕捉到的,最关键的是,根本不用担心同义替换的问题!

3.听力填空题技巧:巧用语法

划分句子成分,判定词性

听力中有很多无关信息干扰考生,除了注意听力信号词,考生还可以根据语法来找出答案。一般会用在整个句子划分句子成分,限定词性。一般来说听力所听即答案,考生们只要判断对了词性,那么基本就找到答案了。

4.做任何一种填空题型,审题时都需要动脑筋对每一个空格进行预测。

在这个过程中,考生不是非常机械地看一遍题目,而是要展开丰富的想象,根据每一句话的已知内容构架起场景,设身处地地想想在文章所设置的情况下会可能发生什么,尝试着抓住文章的思路。预测的方向有两个:词性和内容。根据句子的成分,可以预测出所填空格的词性,而名词和动词是最常考的。在做题时根据词性来找答案,目标会比较明确。根据所填空格的前后信息和上下文,可以大致预测所填的内容范围,比如填的是一类人,某种燃料,某种账单等等。

5.审题还须重点关注的是空格的前后信息。

一般空格都设置在句子中部靠后的位置,空格前面相对较长的信息可以用来做题目定位,紧挨着空格的前后信息用来做细节定位找答案。

篇3:雅思阅读段落标题配对题讲解

策略:略读举例内容,大致了解举例目的(即论据部分所支持的观点),并将其与选项进行对照,与举例目的表达相同观点的选项即为正解。

例: The Dutch are not the only would-be moles. Growing numbers of Europeans are burrowing below ground to create houses, offices, discos and shopping malls…; in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex compete with shops and even health clinics. In Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade, and underground shopping malls are already common in Japan…

分析:很明显,此段没有所谓的主题句,而是以Europe, Canada 以及Tokyo为例.在快速看完举例部分后,我们不难总结出,举例的目的是要说明世界各地正着手开发包括地下城市,地下诊所,地下舞厅和地下购物中心在内的多样化地下服务设施.而这一观点正好跟选项Developing underground services around the world 相吻合。

雅思阅读段落标题配对题之2:段落本身有主题句,但正确选项并未根据主题句归纳

策略:继续读主题句后面部分的内容,即扩展句(supporting sentences, 对主题句起支持或进一步解释说明的句子)部分,正确选项往往就是对扩展句具体涉及内容的概括。

例: There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A development of 194 houses which would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved… An underground dweller himself, Carpenter has never paid a heating bill …

分析:不难看出,划线的句子作为本段的首句,具有概括性,实为主题句。如果正确选项是依据此句来归纳的话,那理应包含advantages 或是同样表示优势、优点、长处的其它词。可事实是,所给选项中没有一项涉及此类词。单纯找主题句看来对于这个段落已不适用。继续往后读,我们发现,后面部分其实是对地下住宅所具备的优点的进一步举例解释。列举数字无非是要说明地下住宅节省土地和空间;而以Carpenter这个地下住宅居住者为例,就是要说明这种住宅既省钱又节能。由此,答案锁定为Demands on space and energy are reduced.

雅思阅读段落标题配对题之3:段落中涉及多个观点内容

策略:正确答案常常依据段落中所占篇幅较多或作者要强调的观点来归纳

例: Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid distinguishing or threatening a beautiful or ‘environmentally sensitive’ landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land - such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries - have no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows.

分析:此段总共包含两个句子,但各句表明不同的观点。前者认为修建大型地下建筑可以避免破坏城市风景,而后者则强调很多建筑因为不需要窗户可以被建在地下。Indeed(确实,甚至)的出现,正好表明本段的重心是要突出强调后者观点,即有些建筑不需要窗户(自然采光)。所以毫无疑问地选择 Some buildings do not require natural light。

雅思阅读段落标题配对题之4:比较关系出现在句中

策略:忽略作为参照物的前者,后者才是作者真正要说明的观点

例: Working Germans are particularly vulnerable, with a 33 percent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.

分析:此段两句以by comparison 衔接,同时也体现了前后两者的比较关系。以working Germans 作为参照物,本段真正的目的在于表明后者,即那些失业人员在星期一患心脏病的机率并不比其它任何一天高。所以正确答案为Jobless but safer。

雅思阅读段落标题配对题之5:转折、让步关系出现在句中

策略:忽略让步状语从句内容,重点关注转折部分,即but 或however等表示转折关系的连接词后面的内容。

例: The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study coordinated by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more tan 2,600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.

分析:but的出现引导我们关注其后面所要表明的内容。又因为段落标题配对是对段落大意的概括,所以在理解转折部分的内容时,我们只需要把握住句子的主干就可以了。由此,根据主干a study revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day 研究显示普通人在星期一患心脏病的比率比其它任何一天高出百分之二十, 我们选择选项 High-risk Monday。

雅思阅读段落标题配对题之6:表达相同含义的词或短语相继出现在段落各句中

策略: 寻找含有高频词汇的选项

例: … If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two-thirds of the world population will be without fresh water by 2025…While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of water in many other places is causing conflicts. The state of Texas in the United States of America is suffering a shortage of water … there is now talk of water being the new oil.

分析:本段各句中都涉及水资源的短缺,相关词汇分别为:without fresh water, scarcity of water, a shortage of water 以及 water being the new oil。根据词义对应选项,得出正解为 shortage of water。

雅思阅读常见的近义词总结

1. recognize 认出

know, identify, pick out, tell

2.field 领域

area, branch, world, sphere

3.inadequate 不足的

not enough, too little, few, be short

4. predict 预测

anticipate, forecast, foretell, projected

5.develop 发展,生长

come from, derive from, originate, be based on

6. enable使能够

allow, permit, pave the way for

7. class 种类

type, kind, category, variety

8. strategy 方法,策略

way, method, approach, techinique

9. rehearsal 排练

practice, training, run-through, exercise

10. combine 联合

mix, whisk, dilute, beat

11. reduce 减少

decrease, drop, fall, cut

12. purpose 目的

aim, point, idea, object

13. occur 发生

happen, take place, there is, turn up

14. objective 客观的

impartial, neutral, unbiased, disinterested

15. expand 扩张

get bigger, grow, swell up, stretch

16. comment 评论

remark, point, statement, declaration

17. situation 情况

circumstance, position, case, plight

18. include 包含

consist of, comprise, be composed of

19. official 正式的

formal, authorized, on record, ceremonial

20. pick out 认出

identify, recognize, know, tell

21. agree 同意

concur, go along with, fall in with, go with

22. limit 限制

minimize, the most, ceiling, maximum

23. significance 重要性

impressive, meaning, sense

24. different 独特的

individual, vary, contrast with, diverse

25. devise 创造

formulate, invent, create, come up with

26. new 新的,革命的

original, innovation, fresh, revolutionary

27. divide 分开

split, separate, break up, take apart

28. create 发明

invent, introduce, make sth, do sth

29. invention 发明

device, creation, innovation

30. resemble 类似

like, similar, alike, comparable, made up of

雅思阅读难题语法词的处理

1. 文章

雅思阅读练习冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词a/an通常指引入一个具体的例子,尤其是与大写的专有名词或数字结合时。第一次读这篇文章没有必要读得很详细,除非后面有一个详细的主题。这样的例子中有很多专业词汇混在一起,比如过分关注这些词汇不仅会影响速度,还会增加考生的紧张感。定冠词后面通常跟一个抽象的概念,或上面提到的核心事物的同义词表达。它可能是一个存在的词,但它也是前一个词的重复表达,只要理解后面的评价性观点。如:

In June 1976, 711200 people were living in a different State from that in

which they had been living in 1981….In general, the direction of net interstate

migration has been northwards (on the east coast) and westwards (to the west

coast).

上文中的第一句that是一个阅读中的难点,代替的是前一句中的某个state,但实际上这句是一举例,不需要读的,反复琢磨出其意思只是耽误时间,而后面的the提示其后的内容才是重点。

2. 的代词

雅思阅读练习任何一篇阅读文章中都不可避免会出现人称代词和指示代词,在处理文章的过程中应重点把握this, that, these,

those,such, his, their,they等构成的短语是继续前面的例子还是对其进行评价, 重点看的应是评价。雅思报名如剑3 中的The

Scientific Method一文中, “There is no such thing as an unbiased observation”,

统领一个新的段落, 如看懂such是对前面的归纳,那就很容易看懂本短的主要内容是把上一段否定了,这一段就不需要全读了, 阅读速度自然提高了很多。

应高度重视一个词,尤其是确定句子出现,关键要看是在动词后面形容词或类似的表达,它代表条款或不定式或动名词结构中反复提到的文本,只是改变了一种表达方式,所以它可以被视为在处理“这……”汽车只如:

It is a mas extinction, and whether we will ever rebound from the loss is

difficult to know.

该句子中的mass 和difficult to know 则是阅读中的重点, 至于and

后的从句是什么即使是不看也能猜出是全文反复提到的”语言的死亡”者。

3.连词

大部分备考的考生都已掌握了连词but 和and以及其它类似的表达, 如:in contrast to, however, while,

fruthermore, not only…but also…, besides等对提高阅读速度以及生单词的处理的辅助作用。如剑6中的一篇文章:

What was on offer that day was a pair of tickets for a New York musical.

But on any given day, what Schaefer can offer is typical for tody’s drugs rep-a

car trunk full of promotiojal gifts and gadgets, a budget that could buy lunches

and dinners for a small country…

上文中的第二句开始的but提示下面的内容和第一句应是不同的,至于是什么则不需要细读,因为里面有不定冠词a及大写的专有名词,只要知道是举了几个例子即可。而其中的gadgets则是雅思常考的生单词的方式之一,

一个常见的单词和一个较生僻的单词用and连接。

在理解段落大意时,你还应该注意段落末尾是否有“但是”这样的词或短语否定了前面的意思。

4. 介词

介词是英语中应用最灵活的一类词,阅读中英特别关注for,

to,from等方向性的词,前两个表示结果或目的,即使有不认识的单词考生们也可往这方面猜;from出表示来自,在很多情况下还表示原因,有可能出判断等题。Of前经常是一些比较生僻的抽象性的集合词,不影响理解句子的意思,如:

…the oil-rich monarchs of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait flew Asians in to build

their new cities.

篇4:雅思阅读段落配对题的答疑

关于雅思阅读段落配对题的答疑

最近很多学生问我段落配对题怎么做,像剑5 P22/14-19这样的题目就是典型的段落配对题,它的问法主要是:Which paragraph contains the following statements?

很多学生对这种题目很头痛,觉得做起来无从下手,很麻烦!我们先来研究下这种题目是怎么出的:

命题人一般是从段落中挑出一句(多数情况)或者几句(少数情况)话,进行改写(即paraphrase),然后打乱次序就变成了这种题目。换句话说,这种题型不遵循顺序原则,考察的是学生到原文找出指定的相关信息。

所以,做这种题目一般还是按照常规的方法,根据statements中的关键词(有的可能没有明显的关键词,这时说明题目比较难,必须看懂句子)到文中定位,一般只要能够看出statement是对文中哪一句话的同义变换,那么这道题就肯定做对了。问题是,由于词汇量的限制,有的学生找不到,所以就觉得很灰心!

需要强调的是,这种题型主要考两点:寻找细节的速度(即阅读速度)和对同义变换的把握。没有词汇量做保证,没有较快的`阅读速度,这种题目是不可能做好的!

但是值得指出的是,这种题型不是必考题型,就算考到了,不可能每道题都变换的很厉害以至于无从下手,一般地,总有几道是比较明显的,可以做的出的,偶尔有几道是让真正的英语高手才能做的出的!

总之,我们要正确的认识雅思考试,没有一定的词汇量和阅读能力,单纯地靠所谓的阅读技巧是不可能考到高分的(5-6分还是不难的)!

篇5:雅思阅读配对题解题技巧

雅思阅读中,在通读整个段落之前,我们可以先浏览一遍,看有没有转折词出现,比如but,however,while,though等等,通常,转折词语多位于句首。包含转折词的句子,转折词之前的内容可以不用读,因为它们一般是承上启下的作用,我们的重点可以放在转折词之后的内容。

注意:不是所有转折词都那么明显,有时可能会用别的词语替代,比如refute,Some don’t agree this等等。考生需要多做题,培养对转折词的敏感度和语感。

雅思阅读配对题解题技巧2:不一定要按照顺序阅读文章和做题

我们可以先完成阅读篇幅短的部分段落,之后再阅读篇幅长的部分。这样比较省时间,每个段落都有自己的作用和意义,打乱顺序阅读不会影响做题的正确率。

通常,雅思阅读配对题List of Headings题型难度较高,无法在文章做定位,需要我们通读全文才能着手去做,所以建议大家做完其他题目再做雅思阅读配对题。

雅思阅读配对题解题技巧3:引证和举例的内容可以先忽略

文章段落中,出现的引证和举例内容可以先忽略,我们应该把注意力放在引证和举例之前的部分。比如for example, for instance, A is one of the best examples to demonstrate等等。论据的就是用来阐述论点,所以论据前面的论点语句,通常可以用来做段意选择。

雅思阅读配对题解题技巧4:永远不要纠结某个让你受挫的段落

难免有些文章段落让我们很苦恼,无法做出答案,建议大家不要因此浪费时间纠结。而是应该做个标记,然后move on,去完成其他题目。等到完成其他题目,其实你也就缩小了可选的范围,加上此时如果还剩余时间,还可以再好好阅读原文,找出最合适的答案。

雅思阅读同义词转换:剑七test3

1. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.

2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.

3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.

4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.

5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的 adj.

6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.

7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.

8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.

9. allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能

10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.

11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.

12. odour=smell=stench=stink 味道 n.

13. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.

14. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.

15. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v.

16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.

17. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.

18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.

19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.

20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.

21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.

22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.

23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.

24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.

25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存,保护 v.

26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.

27. allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.

28. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.

29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.

30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进,提高 v.

31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.

32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的 adj.

33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.

34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.

雅思阅读同义词转换:剑七test4

1. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的

2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.

3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.

4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.

5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.

6. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降 n.

7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.

8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.

9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.

10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功

11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge承认 v.

12. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签,命名 v.

13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.

14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.

15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.

16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.

17. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的 adv.

18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.

19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.

20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为

21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.

22. in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外

23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.

24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌,失败 n.

25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立

26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.

27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.

28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.

29. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.

30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.

31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.

32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.

33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.

34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.

35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露,揭发 v.

36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的adj.

37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的,随机的 adj.

38. require=demand=need=call for 要求v.

39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.

40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.

41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.

42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.

43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行v.

44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.

雅思阅读

篇6:雅思阅读解题方法

雅思阅读解题方法

一、分析题目

同学们在做雅思阅读的时候,考生先读题目要求,确定哪些是关于文章细节的题目,确定哪些是关于文章结构的题目,并找出题目中的中心词。

二、带着问题快速阅读文章

1. 扫描标题

雅思阅读文章,先读标题很重要,一般来说,雅思学术类阅读理解考试中题目大致可以分为三类:正规标题,可用来判断文章大意、类型、而得知文章结构;主标题加副标题,副标题有时承担件事文章结构的重任;无标题,这种类型在中国考区出现,文章难而长。

2. 扫描雅思文章分段情况及其他信息

考生应注意数字、百分比、分数、时间或货币符号出现较多的段落;引号、大写专有名词、括号及破折号出现较多的段落;斜体字、黑体字、下划线出现较多的段落。

3. 阅读每段首尾句

雅思文章,习惯于把总结性的句子放到首尾,同学们可通过主题句,找出文章大意,进而获得更多的文章信息,寻找主题句的方法可按下列顺序:首句 --→ 第二句 --→中间句--→ 末句

4. 扫描文章中是否有图表

从雅思文章中的图表可以获得很多信息,因此可以先对这些图表做一扫描,了解其内容从而加快答题速度,不然的话,就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪。但应注意,一般照片、地图、漫画可以予以忽略。

三、以问题为中心

小编建议同学们以问题为中心,通过上述阅读工作,找出文章中对应的中心词,从而定位正确答案。

雅思阅读备考的5个方面

阅读作为中国考生在雅思四项能力考查中算得上是强项了, 但是看看雅思官方所给的参考数据, 这样的分数对于很多烤鸭来说还是很不理想的. 那么到底应该如果来提高阅读的成绩,又应该如何来准备雅思阅读,这些都成了考生们特别关心的问题.这需要考生们在更多的方面去做好充分的准备.除了阅读的技巧外,还需要去下面小编整理的雅思阅读备考5个方面.

阅读中的定位与判断

很多同学每次做阅读总是找不到答案,特别是true false not given题,找到了也不一定能做对.其实这应该是2个问题,一是定位,二是判断.定位方面,主要依靠宏观顺序和微观线索词进行定位.注意看题目在大题内都是按照顺序来出,这样可以依靠总体顺序来进行大概位置的判断,再对题干所具有的线索词进行细节查找即可.如果说是判断方面的问题的话,培训界总结出的方法很多,我个人还是觉得简单些好,所以你可以看我的博客里的这篇文章《其实很简单》.

段落题的做题思路

matching段落题的上升让很多人都产生恐惧心理.这种题目的确是人见人喊打.做题的思路主要分为两种:1,对阅读速度快的同学,可每看一段就选择一次的方法来进行.但这样做的话,别的题型难道还重新再来定位,重新再来做么?其实不然,在这一段的读取过程中,已经把最重要的几个核心考点句读懂,这时候就不只是做matching段落题,而是所有这段涵盖到的题目,不管什么题型,一概都做了,这样就可以节省很多时间,并且很少会有找不到题目所在的情况.但是这个办法需要同学的速度非常快才行,也就是说,在不加额外训练的条件下,能够把3篇文章在50分钟内做完的同学比较适合这种方法.第二个思路就是宏观分析的思路.首先确定雅思阅读文章从结构上分为哪几种类型,再把这几种类型的结构详细进行了解.这时候我们可以先确定一篇文章的类型,再把后面的待选句子按照内容含义和文章结构来进行排序,这样就可以理出一个顺序来.比如说123456题,被我们排完序以后应该是546231这样的顺序,则本文的第一、二段最有可能的答案是第5句,这时候只需要迅速在这两段里寻找第5句的信息就可以了.这是比较迅速的找法.

重视词汇对阅读的影响

单词记忆的问题分成1,学术类单词;2,技术类单词.前者大约5000个,后者没有上限,多者可达20万.雅思的考点设置全部在于第一类单词.这类单词需要利用大字典进行详细了解,尤其是例句的阅读必须全部读懂,可以不记,但必须全部读懂.学术类单词可以在我的个人博客里的左上角的公共邮箱里找到,各位同学需要自备大字典来进行逐一查阅.查阅这一步很关键,这是和背单词手册最大的区别所在.那么该如何背诵词汇呢?

1,把456里做过的题目拿出来进行深入分析,保证清楚所有题目涉及的单词,保证所有选项的正误原因都能清晰了然. 2,剑桥2、3也是很好的材料,虽然比较古旧,但毕竟还是根正苗红的. 3,还可以使用《雅思全真题库》,有很强的参考性. 4,单词背诵可以看我博客左上角的公共邮箱内的学术词汇表,自行使用大字典进行查阅,效率是最高的.

控制阅读时间

首先,尝试利用时间微调来进行时间缩短.比如说,今天的3篇做完需要1小时10分钟,那么明天定时为1小时8分钟,后天定时为1小时6分钟.逐渐缩小范围,是可以达到效果的.第二,不可省略先读题目的步骤.但我不认为通读题目是必要的.只能说,通读题干,划关键线索词.对选项是不可以随便阅读的.

最后一个月的准备工作

首先是题型必须非常熟悉.我建议,每个题型划出连续的几天时间来进行专攻.把每个特定题型的解题思路全部摸准.其次,把语法问题好好解决一下.你读不懂单词量是一方面,但更麻烦的一方面肯定是语法问题.做新概念3的中文翻译英文,对照原文英文进行批改.这样做能短期提高语法实力.

篇7:雅思阅读信息段落配对题究竟该怎么做

一般当文章正文标注了ABCD段落的时候,可能会考到段落小标题或段落信息题中的一种,段落小标题侧重于各段的总结归纳,段落信息匹配则侧重细节考察和信息筛选。段落信息匹配是指题目中给出若干个句子,且均是原文某段中某些细节内容的改写,要求考生在题号前写出这些句子含义所在的段落编号,有时题目要求中会提示:NB you may use any letter more than once.这便意味着至少有两道题目出自同一段落。本题型着重考察信息筛选与定位的能力。

雅思阅读题型多变,考生切记做题前关注题目要求,针对雅思段落信息匹配题,解答此类题目试,首先要关注是否有“more than once”这样的提示,然后读一下每道题目的句子,大致判断其在文中的位置,各题目大致排序,然后到目标段落定位关键词,关键词指的是题目中句子的核心词或词组,当然,这些词和词组在原文必然会以同义词的形式出现,要注意甄别。

细节性的规律为,如果某道题描述的是背景、历史,比如带有明显的background\history这种提示词,则重点去文章第一二段定位答案,此两段重点描述写作背景,如果题目描述中带有比较明显的预测、未来、推广等含义则重点去末尾两段定位,此两段主要是对整篇文章的总结和对未来的展望。

篇8:雅思阅读信息段落配对题究竟该怎么做

下面我们以剑桥真题6中第一套题的第一篇文章做个较为细致的讲解。

1) a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports

分析:通过reference一词可以得知本句是关于某个内容的介绍,而介绍是背景段的主要作用,本题主要介绍的是不同体育项目,因此定位在1~2段。其中提到不同项目,主要找举例、不同、差异这类定位词,可以看到B段第三句AIS scientists work across a number of sports,applying skills learned in one对应题目1中的the exchange of expertise between different sports。

2) an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations

分析:通过explanation一词可以看出本句属于原理解释,位于文章中间,解释的对象是视觉影响,也就是说要去文章中间几段定位影像、图片、照片等关键词。我们可以从文中C段明显看到3D这一表示相机和拍照的大写定位,顺而向下可以看到在倒数第二句It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second,这句话对应题目中的视觉影像一词。

3) a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

分析:通过narrowing一词可以说明本句意思是缩小研究领域的原因。可知,研究领域的确定应该在具体研究开始之前,上一题中已经开始阐述具体通过视觉影像来进行研究,所以本题定位在C之前。可以看到B段倒数第二句They all focus on one aim: winning.对应题目3中的narrowing the scope of research activity。

4) how some AIS ideas have been reproduced

解析:Reproduce一词意思为复制和效仿,根据文章整体结构我们可以明显判断出此类观点出现在文章结尾。F段首句Of course,there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried.

5) how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

分析:本题也是考察某种因素是如何被调查研究的,通过第2和第3题,我们可以发现,调查研究属于文章CD两段内容,其中C重点说视觉影响,而D段其中第三句'His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. 'If he can improve on his turns,he can do much better,这句话是指影响运动员提高表现的因素是如何被提高和改善的。

6) an overview of the funded support of athletes

分析:overview一词表明此题是对某内容的综述,应该直接定位文章首段,文章A段主要概述了澳大利亚对运动员的支持,其中倒数第二句, Another body,the Australian Sports Commission,finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. 对应题目6中的the funded support。

7) how performance requirements are calculated before an event

分析:本题需要定位比赛开始前所发生的事情,E段讲述了比赛前对成绩的预期和训练。其中第二句Well before a championship,sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a 'competition model',对应题目7中的before an event。

雅思词汇利用词根积累

词根----快速记忆单词的捷径

词根 释义 凡例及注解 注意事项

a- 1. 无,不,非 azonic 非地带性的

a- 2. 含in,at等意义 asleep 在熟睡中

a- 3. 加强意义 aloud 高声地

ab- 离去,相反,不 abuse 滥用

ac- 含at,to意,加强意义 accustom 使习惯 用在c,k,q前

ad- 含at,to意,加强意义 adventure 冒险 用在d,h,j,m,v前

af- 含at,to意,加强意义 afforest 造林,绿化 用在f前

ag- 含at,to意,加强意义 aggrandize 增大 用在g前

air- 空中的 airline 航空公司

al- 1. 含at,to意,加强意义 allocate 分配 用在l前

al- 2. 构成副词 almost 几乎

amphi- 两,双 amphibian 水陆两用车

an- 1. 无,不 anarchistic 无政府的

an- 2. 含at,to意,加强意义 annotate 注解 用在n前

ante- 前,先 anteroom 接待室

anthropo- 有关人的 anthropophagus 吃人族

anti- 反对,相反,防止 antibiotics 抗生素 用于a前省i

any- 任何 anywhere 任何地方

ap- 加强或引申意义 appraise 评价 用在p前

apo- 离开 apogee 远地点

ar- 含at,to意,加强意义 arrange 安排 用在r前

arch- 主要的,首位的 archenemy 头号敌人

as- 含at,to意,加强意义 assort 分类 用在s前

at- 含at,to意,加强意义 attract 吸引 用在t前

auto- 自己,自动 autobiography 自传

back- 反的,向后的 backstroke 仰泳

be- 1. 使...,使成为... belittle 使缩小,贬低

be- 2. 加以...,用... bespangle 用小亮片装饰

be- 3. 在 below 在...下面

be- 4. 加强及引申意义 befall 降临,发生

bene- 善,好 benediction 祝福

bi- 两,二 bimonthly 双月刊

by- 旁,侧,非正式 byroad 小路,僻径

centi- 百分之一,厘 centimetre 厘米

circum- 周围,环境 circumpolar 极地周围的

co- 共同 cooperation 合作 用在元音字前

col- 1. 共同 collocate 并置,并列 用在l前

col- 2. 加强或引申意义 collate 校对 用在l前

com- 1. 共同 combine 联合,结合 用在b,m,p前

com- 2. 加强或引申意义 commix 混合 用在b,m,p前

con- 1. 共同 concolorous 同色的

con- 2. 加强或引申意义 confirm 使坚定

contra- 反对,相反 contradict 反驳,相矛盾

cor- 1. 共同,互相 correspond 共鸣 用在r前

cor- 2. 加强或引申意义 corrupt 腐 败,败坏 用在r前

counter- 反对,相反 counterattack 反 攻,反击

de- 1. 否定,非,相反 deprecatory 反对的

de- 2. 除去,取消,毁 deflower 摧残,蹂躏

de- 3. 离开 depart 离去

de- 4. 向下,降低 devaluate 贬值

de- 5. 使成...,加强意义 delimit 划定界限

deca- 十 decameter 十米

deci- 十分之一 decigram 十分之一克

demi- 半 demigod 半神半人

雅思分类词汇积累:钱币

National Currencies

National Currencies

baht 铢(泰国)

CFAF 非洲金融共同体法郎

cruzeiro 克鲁塞罗(巴西)

dinar 第纳尔(部分阿拉伯国家、南斯拉夫等)

dirham 迪拉姆(阿联酋、摩洛哥)

dollar 元(美国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰等)

dong 盾(越南)

florin 盾(荷兰)

forint 福林(匈牙利)

franc 法郎(法国、比利时、瑞士等)

gulden 盾(荷兰)

kyat 元(缅甸)

lek 列克(阿尔巴尼亚)

lira 里拉(意大利等)

mark 马克(德国)

markka 马克(芬兰)

peseta 比塞塔(西班牙)

peso 比索(阿根廷、智利等)

pound 镑(英国、爱尔兰等)

pound sterling 英镑(基里巴斯)

rand 兰特(南非)

rial 里亚尔(伊朗等)

riel 瑞尔(柬埔寨)

riyal 里亚尔(沙特阿拉伯等)

rupee 卢比(印度、巴基斯坦等)

rupiah 卢比,盾(印度尼西亚)

shekel 谢克尔(以色列)

schilling 先令(奥地利)

shilling 先令(坦桑尼亚等)

sol 索尔(秘鲁)

taka 塔卡(孟加拉国)

tugrik 图格里克(蒙古)

Euro 欧元

won 元(朝鲜、韩国)

yen 元(日本)

yuan 元(中国)

篇9:雅思阅读段落匹配题答题方法

雅思阅读段落匹配题答题方法详解

解答此类题目试,首先要关注是否有“more than once”这样的提示,然后读一下每道题目的句子,大致判断其在文中的位置,各题目大致排序,然后到目标段落定位关键词,关键词指的是题目中句子的核心词或词组,当然,这些词和词组在原文必然会以同义词的形式出现,要注意甄别。

细节性的规律为,如果某道题描述的是背景、历史,比如带有明显的background\history这种提示词,则重点去文章第一二段定位答案,此两段重点描述写作背景,如果题目描述中带有比较明显的预测、未来、推广等含义则重点去末尾两段定位,此两段主要是对整篇文章的总结和对未来的展望。

下面我们以剑桥真题6中第一套题的第一篇文章做个较为细致的讲解。

1) a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports

分析:通过reference一词可以得知本句是关于某个内容的介绍,而介绍是背景段的主要作用,本题主要介绍的是不同体育项目,因此定位在1~2段。其中提到不同项目,主要找举例、不同、差异这类定位词,可以看到B段第三句AIS scientists work across a number of sports,applying skills learned in one对应题目1中的the exchange of expertise between different sports。

2) an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations

分析:通过explanation一词可以看出本句属于原理解释,位于文章中间,解释的对象是视觉影响,也就是说要去文章中间几段定位影像、图片、照片等关键词。我们可以从文中C段明显看到3D这一表示相机和拍照的大写定位,顺而向下可以看到在倒数第二句It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second,这句话对应题目中的视觉影像一词。

3) a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

分析:通过narrowing一词可以说明本句意思是缩小研究领域的原因。可知,研究领域的确定应该在具体研究开始之前,上一题中已经开始阐述具体通过视觉影像来进行研究,所以本题定位在C之前。可以看到B段倒数第二句They all focus on one aim: winning.对应题目3中的narrowing the scope of research activity。

4) how some AIS ideas have been reproduced

解析:Reproduce一词意思为复制和效仿,根据文章整体结构我们可以明显判断出此类观点出现在文章结尾。F段首句Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried.

5) how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

分析:本题也是考察某种因素是如何被调查研究的,通过第2和第3题,我们可以发现,调查研究属于文章CD两段内容,其中C重点说视觉影响,而D段其中第三句'His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. 'If he can improve on his turns,he can do much better,这句话是指影响运动员提高表现的因素是如何被提高和改善的。

6) an overview of the funded support of athletes

分析:overview一词表明此题是对某内容的综述,应该直接定位文章首段,文章A段主要概述了澳大利亚对运动员的支持,其中倒数第二句, Another body, the Australian Sports Commission , finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. 对应题目6中的the funded support.

7) how performance requirements are calculated before an event

分析:本题需要定位比赛开始前所发生的事情,E段讲述了比赛前对成绩的预期和训练。其中第二句Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a 'competition model', 对应题目7中的before an event.

雅思阅读大范围预测

乐观与健康 短信和电视节目 英国村庄的变迁 茶的历史与发展 多任务执行 精益生产 修建古堡 考拉 老龄职工

英国建筑 冰川取水 Asian Space亚洲发射卫星 龙涎香 磁疗法 珍珠 南极洲与全球气候 Flint Mass Produce

Isambard Kingdom Brunel 香农信息理论 欧洲高温 人脸识别 生物多样性 挠痒和笑 冰川期再现 苏联弹性工作制

全球气候变暖对旅游业的影响 精益生产 北极生物圈 Crowd and density Placebo effect 鸟类迁徙 Ingenuity独创性

现代和传统农业 Designed to last买没用的东西 音乐和语言 打哈欠 新式科技对历史教学的影响 天才学者 面部表情

仿生机器人 新型交通系统 英国战后农业政策

新手与专家 金星凌日 莫扎特效应 测谎 弹性工作制 二氧化碳与能源 Saturn Spectacular壮观的土星 儿童食品的促销和广告

交流方式和冲突 Cave Art洞穴艺术 研究意外发现 植物燃料 动物冬眠 电子发展的弊端 水獭 Gulf of Mexico 科幻小说

雅思考试阅读理解提分练习试题及答案

A.

When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January , the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers’ favourite enemy operates.

B.

So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group’s profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.

C

Mr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s operations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.

D.

He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald’s through the visitors’ programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.

E.

Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald’s restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald’s managers across the continent.

F.

To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald’s employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald’s in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.

G.

In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company’s drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.

H.

Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain.

I.

“Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer.

J.

M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants’ margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in . This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America’s 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin’s reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group’s top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer

FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.

2. Starting from last year, detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.

3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe, but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.

4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.

5. According to David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS, David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.

6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.

Questions 7-10

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.

7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.

A. difficult

B. menial

C. terrible

D. excellent

8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?

A. It tends to make people fat.

B. Its operations are very vague.

C. It tends to exploit workers.

D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.

9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?

A. “Food Studio” scheme.

B. “Open Door” visitor days.

C. The “McPassport” scheme.

D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.

10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?

A. set up a “Food Studio” .

B. established a “Design Studio”.

C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.

D. employed local bosses as much as possible.

Questions 11-14

Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

11. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were ………………………….

12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to ……………………………..

13. Compared with other countries, France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America.

14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain. Part II

Notes to Reading Passage 1

1.sterling高质量的

e.g. He has many sterling qualities. 他身上有许多优秀的品质。

2. menial 不体面的, 乏味的(工作、职业)

3. spruce up打扮整齐、漂亮、装饰

4. mastermind指挥、谋划(一个计划或活动)

e.g. The police know who masterminded the robbery.警察知道是谁策划了那次抢劫。

5. underperform表现不佳表现出低于标准的工作水平、企业出现亏本

Part III

Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-14

1. FALSE

See the second sentence in Paragraph A “One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries…”.

2. TRUE

See the last sentence in Paragraph D “The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.”

3. NOT GIVEN

See Paragraph D, E and H “Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market.”.

4. FALSE

See the last sentence of Paragraph H and first sentence of Paragraph L “The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain…Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned…”

5. TRUE

See the first sentence of Paragraph I “Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS”.

6. NOT GIVEN

See the last sentence of Paragraph I “So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer”.

7. D

See the first sentence of Paragraph A “One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots”.

8. B

See the second sentence of Paragraph D “McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment”

9. C

See the second sentence of Paragraph E “But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union..”

10. A

See the last sentence of Paragraph G “He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends”.

11. sluggish or declining

See the first sentence of Paragraph A “When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004, the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.”

12. seasonal menu offerings

See the last sentence of Paragraph B “December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly”.

13.most profitable market

See the second sentence of Paragraph H “But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America”.

14. 15%

See the second sentence of Paragraph I “Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America”.

篇10:雅思阅读常见概念题的解题方法

雅思阅读常见概念题的解题方法

一、什么是概念题

雅思阅读中的概念题是指理解性的题型,主要考察大家理解信息的能力。同学们只有理解文章大意,读懂题目涉及到的原文,尤其是长难句,正确理解题目的核心信息,才能做好这类题。雅思阅读中的概念题有段落大意题、文章主旨或者最佳标题题、判断题(Yes/no/notgiven)、分类题、句子完成题和摘要题。

二、常见概念题的解题方法

1、段落大意题:是雅思阅读中常见的题型,主要就是将一些小标题和文章段落大意成功匹配,主要考查大家对文章各段落的理解能力和词汇同义替换能力。常见的出题形式为Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below。

遇到这类题,有的同学是先看小标题,再去浏览文章,这样子的做题效率不高。因为小标题一般少的也有五六个,多的可能就十个左右,大家将所有小标题的关键词记住难度是蛮大的。而且有四分之一左右的小标题都是干扰项,影响大家的做题速度。这类题的正确的做题方法就是浏览一个段落,掌握我段落大意,然后再从众多选项中通过同义替换词汇,成功配对一个小标题。更为具体的段落大意题做题方法大可以点击查看雅思阅读标题对应题该如何做

2、摘要题:雅思阅读中的摘要题是常见的填空题中的一种,主要考察大家的定位能力和对原文句子的理解能力。常见的出题形式有两种:一种是不带词汇表格的摘要题——Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer;一种是带词汇表格的摘要题——Complete the summary below using words from the box. NB You may use any word more than once。

遇到这类题,大家先看题目要求,有的时候题目会给出答案寻找的范围,比如说在最后一段、或者倒数第二段等等,帮助大家缩小定位范围。然后再从题目中寻找一些关键词,到原文中更精确的定位。如果是不带词汇表格的摘要题,填写的时候要注意字数的要求和语法属性;如果是带词汇表格的摘要题,选择的时候要注意单词的语法属性和原文的意思是否一样。因为经常会出现和原文中一模一样但是却不符合语法属性的词汇来迷惑大家,正确答案通常是符合语法属性的同义替换词汇。更多有关摘要题的做题方法大家可以参考雅思阅读摘要题备考注意事项

3. 判断题(Yes/no/notgiven):判断题有两种,一种是对文章细节的判断题(True/false/not given),这类题考试频率很高,属于细节题;我们要讲的是另一类判断题(Yes/no/notgiven),主要是对作者观点、看法的一些判断,这类题属于概念题。常见的出题形式为Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

这类题的主要做题方法,就是根据具体题目中的关键词,到原文中定位。然后仔细阅读原文,理解作者所要表达的意思,再和选项进行比较,看看两者表述是否一致。如果一直,就是yes,如果是原文相反,就是false,如果原文中没有提到,就是true。更为具体的作者观点的判断题讲解大家可以参考盘点雅思阅读判断题注意事项

雅思阅读如何高效读文章

1. 掌握文章结构

如果我们掌握了雅思阅读的三大类文章结构——介绍说明类、问题解决类和实验研究类,那么在考试中遇到结构相似的文章就可以判断出自己需要的信息大概在文章的哪个位置,提高大家的做题速度。

介绍说明类的文章一般都是先引出主题,然后就按照事物发展顺序来介绍,所用语言多是客观性的描述,最后通常是总结一下这个现象或事件的意义。比如说,剑桥真题中的what do whales feel?、alternative medicine in australia、Johnson's dictionary等都是这类文章。

问题解决类的文章同样是先引出主题,然后就对问题产生的原因和影响进行分析,最后就是提出一些合适的应对措施或者目前没有合适的办法,需要寄希望于未来。这类文章多是对于一些社会、环保自然等一些消极方面的现象的分析,比如说剑桥真题中的the truth about the environment、endless harvest、disappearing delta等。

实验研究类的文章更为固定,一般先介绍实验目的、实验对象和实验条件,然后就是实验过程和实验的关键部分,最后就是分析数据,得出结论。剑桥真题中的类似的文章有visual symbols and the blind、nature or nurture、the effects of light on plant and animal species等。更为具体的对三类文章结构的讲解大家可以参考雅思阅读文章的三个精品结构

2. 熟悉文章背景知识

大家生活中肯定都有这样的经验,看自己熟悉领域的文章会比较快,比较容易理解;遇到不熟悉的文章,就会降低阅读速度,以求能理解文章。雅思阅读备考也是一样。如果我们能够熟悉积累众多不同题材文章的背景知识,那自己面对不同类型的文章都能阅读的很快。比如说,你经常看太空方面的科技知识,那在考试中遇到同样题材的文章,由于对背景知识的熟悉、对专业术语的熟悉,那阅读的速度就可以既快又准确。

我们通常都是通过雅思阅读的题源来学习积累相关的背景知识。常见的题源有:New Scientist、The Economist、American Scientist、Scientific American和National Geographic。更为具体的雅思阅读题源的备考方法大家可以参考雅思阅读文章有哪些来源

3. 标记重点内容

雅思阅读浏览文章的过程中,还有一个非常重要的技巧需要给大家分享,那就是——学会做笔记。我们知道,雅思阅读文章会有一些常见的考点,比如说段落大意、人名配对、对长难句的理解、文章主题、一些事件流程等。如果我们在略读文章的时候,就将这些重点信息标记出来,那做题的时候不仅方便定位,甚至可以直接做题。比如说,你划出了各段的主题句,那就可以直接和小标题进行匹配,是不是感觉做题速度大大提高了呢?具体的做笔记的方法大家可以参考雅思阅读做题记笔记的重要性

雅思阅读练习题:Are cats selfish?

Are Cats Selfish?

It's six in the morning and your cat puts a paw on your eyelid. “It's time to wake up,” she seems to be saying. She couldn't give a monkey's how tired you are(她可不在乎你有多困). She wants feeding.

There's a widespread perception that everything cats do is just a little self-serving, a touch self-centred. In a word, selfish. But not content with(不满足于)idle stereotypes(刻板印象), we put this little question – are cats selfish? – to the BBC Earth audience.

Some of you didn't like the question at all. “Selfish is a human trait(特征),” argued Ann Halim. “'Selfish' is hard to apply to any animal other than humans,” agreed Kevin Bonin.

It certainly is hard, but that has never stopped us trying.

In his 1871 book The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin argued that animal minds are similar to ours in many ways. “The difference in mind between man and the higher animals…is certainly one of degree and not kind,” he wrote.(他写道,“没有疑问,人类和比较高级的动物在思维方面的差异只是一个度的问题,而不是类别问题”)。

If that's true, then surely a cat – or any other higher animal – might meet the Oxford Dictionary's definition of selfish: being “concerned chiefly with one's own personal profit or pleasure.”

Many of you identified with(同意)the idea that cats are out for themselves.

“Are cats selfish??? That's like asking has the pope got a balcony?!” says Jane Ramsden. “Let's just say, there is an I in kitty,” says Dan Okeneski. “Cats are entirely self-serving,” says Frankathon Dirabis. “It's a good thing they are cute and furry.”

Gina Darlin Strange's cat has clear views about where she sleeps. “If the Sun is shining across my bed in the morning and my daughter's in the afternoon, she demands total access to it and will get an attitude if you move her,” she says.(她说:“如果太阳早上照在我的床上,下午照在我女儿的床上,她会要求全部占有,你要是赶她走,她就会变脸。”)

Annette Jeneane Behnke-Park's cat is constantly seeking attention. “She tries to get us to play tag, wants what we have for food, wants my spot on the chair, loves to lay across me at night,” she says.

Some correspondents also report their cats showing signs of selfishness towards other cats.

“Hector will steal treats from Harvey without fail if given the chance,” says Marlee Lütz. Vijaya Shadrak's tomcat began to urinate(小便)wherever two other cats in her home liked to rest. “Now he is scaring them,” she says. Bad kitty.

However, most of the people who responded say that selfishness is not a trait they recognise in their cats.

Instead, a lot of cat-lovers describe what appear to be altruistic(利他的) acts on the part of their pets. Altruism is defined as “selfless concern for the well-being of others.”

How else are we to interpret the domestic cat's habit of gift-giving? This is how Chris R. Ainsworth sees his cat's tendency to leave a “decapitated mouse/bunny/bird/chipmunk/squirrel” on his doorstep.

This generosity(慷慨)of spirit does not always involve dead animals. Sarah Pratt's cats fetch her live animals, as well as ice cubes and hair ties. “They're nice that way,” she says. Similarly, Mary Jozwiak's cats drop their toys outside her bedroom.

A lot of cats also seem to be in tune with the emotional state of their owners.

Jacqueline Tong recounts how her cat kept her company throughout 19 long hours of labour, “licking my face between every contraction”.

David Penn once knew a kitten that comforted him during a bad tooth infection by curling up on his cheek and purring him to sleep.

Jessica Natasha A's cat Gina would always be there to comfort someone if they were sad.

Stories like these suggest that cats are not always as cold and calculating(工于算计的)as they are commonly portrayed.

To make sense of the complex suite of behaviours displayed by domestic cats, we have to think about their origins, says Eva Leighton. “Domestic cats still have strong basic instincts and one of them is wariness(谨慎)and self-preservation(自我保护).”

We know that cats are descended from the wildcat (Felis silvestris). Wildcats are intensely solitary(孤独的)creatures, so it makes sense that domestic cats are also happy in their own company.

We might expect that the process of domestication(驯养)would root out that spirited independence. But cats were not domesticated in the same way as other animals, with humans carefully choosing which ones to breed from and which traits to encourage. (我们也许认为,驯养的过程会让猫失去那种强烈的独立感。然而,猫的驯养却不似其他动物。在驯养其他动物时,人类会仔细挑选喂养哪些动物,或鼓励保留哪些特性。)

Instead, cats were probably responsible for their own domestication.

“It's better to think of cats the way you think of mice and rats and sparrows and pigeons,” says Carlos Driscoll, a geneticist at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in Rockville, Maryland, USA.

A 2007 genetic analysis by Driscoll and his colleagues reveals that all domesticated cats are descended from wildcats that lived in and around the Fertile Crescent, precisely the spot where humans began to settle more than 10,000 years ago.

“These settlements were completely new ecological environments and animals that were plucky(勇敢的)enough to investigate…did very well,” says Driscoll. Wildcats were likely one of these species, drawn into an urban niche(位置) by an abundance of easy prey and an absence of big predators.(野猫可能就是这类物种之一,吸引它们进入城市空间的原因是这里有大量的容易捕获的猎物,同时还没有大捕食动物存在。)

“All these animals had to do was become behaviourally adept at living with people,” says Driscoll. But importantly, “there was no selection against them hunting, or against them finding their own mates, or against them finding places to build their own nests in a rubbish heap.” (然而,重要的是,“它们不需要因为猎食,求偶,或者在垃圾堆里找地方筑巢而受自然选择法则支配”)

This may account for the range of behaviours displayed by the BBC Earth cats. “Some will be more like their wildcat ancestors(祖先)and show [a] much more solitary, independent existence,” says Driscoll. “Others, on the other side of the spectrum(谱系), are doting on(宠爱)their human companions.”

Given all this variation(变化), it really is hard to give a clear answer to the question of whether cats are selfish. Instead, we'll conclude with the wise words of Gata Bela: “Cats are simply adorable!”

Vocabulary

be not content with… 不满足于……

stereotype 固定印象;刻板印象

trait 特征

identify with 认可,同意

urinate 小便

altruistic 利他的

generosity 慷慨

calculating 工于算计的

wary 小心翼翼的

self-preservation 自我保护

solitary 孤独的

domestication 驯养

ancestor 祖先

spectrum 谱系

dote on 宠爱

variation 变化

词汇大爆炸(8): vary引起的词汇

vary 与......不同

various 各种各样的

variety 多样性

a great variety of...许多种......

variation 变化

variance 变化;分歧

variable 可变化的;变量

篇11:雅思阅读配对题ListofHeadings4种解题技巧

雅思阅读配对题List of Headings4种解题技巧

雅思阅读配对题解题技巧1:查看有没有转折词

雅思阅读中,在通读整个段落之前,我们可以先浏览一遍,看有没有转折词出现,比如but,however,while,though等等,通常,转折词语多位于句首。包含转折词的句子,转折词之前的内容可以不用读,因为它们一般是承上启下的作用,我们的重点可以放在转折词之后的内容。

注意:不是所有转折词都那么明显,有时可能会用别的词语替代,比如refute,Some don’t agree this等等。考生需要多做题,培养对转折词的敏感度和语感。

雅思阅读配对题解题技巧2:不一定要按照顺序阅读文章和做题

我们可以先完成阅读篇幅短的部分段落,之后再阅读篇幅长的部分。这样比较省时间,每个段落都有自己的作用和意义,打乱顺序阅读不会影响做题的正确率。

通常,雅思阅读配对题List of Headings题型难度较高,无法在文章做定位,需要我们通读全文才能着手去做,所以建议大家做完其他题目再做雅思阅读配对题。

雅思阅读配对题解题技巧3:引证和举例的内容可以先忽略

文章段落中,出现的引证和举例内容可以先忽略,我们应该把注意力放在引证和举例之前的部分。比如for example, for instance, A is one of the best examples to demonstrate等等。论据的就是用来阐述论点,所以论据前面的论点语句,通常可以用来做段意选择。

雅思阅读配对题解题技巧4:永远不要纠结某个让你受挫的段落

难免有些文章段落让我们很苦恼,无法做出答案,建议大家不要因此浪费时间纠结。而是应该做个标记,然后move on,去完成其他题目。等到完成其他题目,其实你也就缩小了可选的范围,加上此时如果还剩余时间,还可以再好好阅读原文,找出最合适的答案。

雅思阅读答题的两个高分原则

雅思阅读高分成绩对于大家雅思总成绩的影响是很大的,所以大家在雅思阅读答题的过程中一定要掌握一定的原则。下面为大家搜集整理了雅思阅读答题高分原则,共大家参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

首先,雅思阅读答题的最大原则就是所问所答,所以一定要掌握雅思阅读题型。

完全了解雅思阅读问题的类型,根据所提供的信息,再去回答问题,这是大家在雅思阅读答题的过程中需要掌握的。

有的考生在参加完雅思阅读考试之后总感觉所得分数与自己估算的分数相差甚远,原因无它,就在于对问题理解不够彻底,因此,也就无法对所提问题做到精确回答。

其次,雅思阅读答题的最大障碍就是时间,所以大家一定要提高阅读速度。

在雅思阅读答题中,时间对绝大部分学生,特别是英文阅读水平相对一般的学生来说,更尤为至关重要。即使是英语为母语的人(NATIVE-ENGLISH SPEAKER)也无法在雅思阅读规定的时间内完全理解所有的词汇。因此,一定控制好时间。

另外就是要增加英语阅读的速度,当然并非一朝一日即可达到。通常需要相当长一段时间的学习及训练。但无论如何,应加强英文基础训练,掌握必要的测试技巧,从而在现有的英文基础之上取得最好的成绩。

以上就是关于雅思阅读答题原则的相关信息,包括了对雅思阅读答题的方式和答题速度两个方面的把握。大家可以在备考雅思阅读考试的时候,对此进行适当的参考和练习。

雅思阅读题型要求和解题步骤

1. 题型要求

这是一个传统题型,大家都很熟悉。但就是这种大家都熟悉的题型,ielts 考试也要弄出新花样。其它考试中,如四级、六级、toefl,只有四选一一种形式。ielts 考试的选择题分为四选一和多选多多两种。四选一,选项肯定是四个。即要求从a、b、c、d 四项中选择一个最符合题意的选项。多选多,选项肯定是五个或五个以上,而正确答案的数目肯定在两个以上。

哪个更难呢?很多同学会好不犹豫地说是多选多。实际上,多选多很容易,是一种简单题型。它具有以下几个特点:

(1)正确答案的数目是已知的。在题目的要求中会告诉你要选出几个选项。题目要求中常which four, which three等字样。

(2)答案在原文中是集中出现的,对应原文中的例举。找着一个答案,其余几个就在它的前后不远处。

我们举一个中文阅读的例子来说明。文章如下:

帕金森症是一种顽症。它是由大脑中缺乏一种叫多巴胺的化学物质引起的。(后面删减100 字)很多名人深受其苦。比如,我们的改革的总设计师、拳王阿里、以故数学家陈景润等等。(后面删减100 字)

题目是:以下哪三个人得过帕金森症?

a. 邓小平

b. 里根

c. 拳王阿里

d. 布什

e. 陈景润

答案:ace

四选一在考试中,一般比较难。它的特点是:四个选项,哪个都像。好像在原文中都提到了,但又都和原文的叙述不太一样。很容易选错。

选择题和问答题的区别在于:问答题要求你自己从原文中找答案。而选择题给你四个选项,让你选择,在给你提示的同时,也给了你一个陷阱。有些选择题,如果改为回答题,你可能能够做对,但给了你四个选项,反而选错了。

考试中,四选一,a 类和g 类一般都是每次必考,考一组,共3 题左右。多选多,不是每次必考。

2. 解题步骤

(1) 找出题干中的关键词,最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。

将题干中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落,着必将大大加快解题时间,并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。如果题目中的关键词难以确定答案的位置,选项中的关键词也可以作为定位的参考依据。

(2) 从头到尾快速阅读该段落,根据题干中的其他关键词及选项确定正确答案。正确选项常常是原文相关词句的改写。

确定一个段落后,答案在该段落中有的具体位置是未知的。所以,需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落,确定正确答案。短问答的答案常常是原文原词,而选择题的答案常常是原文相关词句的改写。

(3) 有些题目比较简单,可以直接选择。对于难题,可以用排除法确定正确答案。

有些题目比较简单,从原文很快找到对应答案。这时可以直接选择不必看其它选项。这样既可以节省时间,同时也避免受干扰选项的误导。有些题目比较难,看每个选项都有点像,但又都不太象。这时,可以用排除法,先排除掉肯定不对的选项,然后在剩下的选项中再做出选择。通常,有两个选项必有好排除,另外两个有一定的难度。请参见本题型的注意事项部分,其中分析了干扰选项的特点。

如何争做雅思阅读考场“飞人”

雅思阅读考试包含3篇长文章(article),每篇字数在1000字左右,要求考生们在60分钟内做完40道题,而且这60分钟包含填写答题卡的时间,即每篇文章题目要求20分钟内解答完毕。文章长,题目多,时间紧是雅思阅读考试的典型特点,因此经常有一些基础很好的考生因为做题速度太慢而导致无法在规定时间内答完题目,最终阅读考试分数只有5.5分,甚至更低。做题速度(speed)是考生们雅思阅读考试制胜的关键(key),然而如何能够在保障做题质量(quality)的前提下有效提高(improve)雅思阅读考试的答题速度,争做雅思阅读考场“飞人”呢?

策略1:心理暗示与自我暗示之科尔效应(effect)

有的考生在看到如此长的文章、如此多的题目、如此短的时间时,心理防线已经开始崩溃,根本坚持不到考试的最终,只能中场放弃,退出考场,或者连蒙带猜把题目看完,不管对错把答题纸写完;而有的考生则没有时间观念,只关注于答题质量,一心想求高分,结果却导致前两篇文章耗时过多而无暇解答最后一篇文章的问题(question)。这些都会导致考生最终雅思阅读分数不理想。

解决这一问题的策略(strategy)之一就是心理暗示与自我暗示(Suggestion and Autosuggestion),也称为“柯尔效应”。发明该方法的爱弥儿柯尔说:“最好的医生是自己,最强的力量在内心,最好的教育者就是你。”

他指出与我们知道的相反,指导我们行动的不是意志力,而是潜意识(自我暗示),尤其当潜意识和意志力发生冲突时。一个失眠者越是想睡,就越兴奋(excited);我们越想阻止自己大笑,就会笑得越厉害;在骑自行车时,我们越是想避开障碍物,就越容易撞上去。所以,我们必须学会引导自己的潜意识(unconsciousness)。只有这样,我们才能轻松地成为自己身体和精神的主人(master)。如何才能做到呢?通过对自己进行心理暗示,也就是自我暗示的练习(practice)。如果我们渴望某种品质,或渴望去除某种品质,无论是生理的还是心理的,我们只要经常重复,那么迟早就会获得想要的结果。“单调的重复迫使我们潜意识思考这些内容,而当我们思考时,对我们来说,我们便相信它们是真的,于是,它们将变成现实。”

对我们来说,将我们希望得到的想法输入潜意识便是轻而易举的。而将心理暗示与自我暗示即柯尔效应应用(apply)到雅思阅读考试中,也就是说,考生们在做雅思阅读题目时就不能总是有“我20分钟内肯定无法解答完一篇文章的题目”、“我阅读考试时间肯定不够”或者“我做题速度快了,题目可能做不对吧”等等诸如此类的想法(thought),或者说考生们也不能根本不关注时间,只专注于答题质量。相反的(in opposite),考生们应该不断重复提醒自己“我20分钟内能解答完一篇文章的题目,60分钟内三篇雅思阅读文章的考试题目肯定都能解答完”,“我既要60分钟内答完题又要题目全部答对”,这样只需要经常重复并练习,考生们肯定能保证在20分钟内完成一篇阅读文章题目的解答,在60分钟内完成所有阅读考试题目的解答并且把答题纸填写完毕。

记忆《雅思》词汇的两种方法

一、大胆发现首字母规律记忆雅思词汇

任何一门语言都要遵循一定的规律,英语单词没有例外。雅思单词更是如此。在雅思阅读当中经常会出现一些我们写作听力口语不会用到的词汇。这一类单词我们只需要知道他们什么含义就可以。比如,在雅思阅读文章中会出现表示伪造的伪造这样的含义。如果我们稍微细心观察,就会发现这类单词有共同之处。就是这些单词都是f 开头的。

fake feign falsify采集者退散 fabricate forge

这组词当中,第一个单词是一个形容词。表示假的。其他单词均为动词,表示伪造。其实究其原因,我们就会发现西方人比较愿意用f开头的词表示做的含义。例如,就有我们经常见到的词根facfeafecfic都表示做的含义。然而是非法做成的,自然就是伪造的含义了。那么这组词根常考的单词还有feasible 能做的,就是形容词可行的含义。

例如还有在一些地质类的文章当中还会出现表示裂缝等的含义。

crevice crevasse chasm

二、利用词根和词缀来记忆雅思词汇

比如我们都会学习到这样几组单词。

opt—choose/light/good adopt option optics optimistic optimum apt/ept--skill adapt aptitude adept inept

这样几组单词下来我们只是对单词进行了纵向记忆。第一个词根,是选择或是光。或是好的意思。我们无论选择什么事物都会选择好的事物。西方人们认为会发光的就是好的事物所以我们很容易就将这个单词的含义记住了。第一个词,表示采用领养的含义。本身就是选择 option 也是选择的意思 optics 以ics结尾表示学科光学第四个单词 optimistic 表示乐观的。最后一个是最佳的。第二组单词表示技巧。第一个单词适应,第二个表示能力,第三个表示娴熟的,最后一个表示不适应的无能的。

这是我们传统的组记。我们看看还可以怎么扩充单词。拿apt举例,apt 本来是一个单词 v.适应的意思,只有适应才能获得技巧。那么为什么apt就可以表示适应呢?想适应必须适合。我们都学过一个词,就是proper a.合适的,所以又推出另外一个词appropriate ,我们发现这个词只在proper前面和后面前缀和后缀。所以这个单词的本意不会发生什么改变。还是适合适应的意思。那么我们再从这个单词中提取最关键的部分就会变成apt。只有合适的才是适合的apt再加上ad表示坚强的含义,那么这个词还是表示适合的含义。所以另外两组单词也出来了。

proper appropriate apt adapt adept adopt

篇12:雅思阅读判断题型解题方法

雅思阅读板块题型多样,其中判断题是必考题型,本文以剑桥雅思阅读真题为例,和大家解析雅思阅读中判断题型的解题方法。

剑桥雅思阅读真题解析 判断题型解题方法

一、判断题题干有表示比较关系的词,考生需注意题目重点考察比较关系。

常见的比较关系词:

比较级:more/ less /adj-er than…

同级比较:as…as…/the same as…/equal/ like

试题中若出现以上比较关系词,需标记题中的比较对象(A 、B),并明确比较逻辑(如A比B更聪明),即可快速完成审题。如:

39. It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in the field of art.

– Test 2, Cambridge IELTS 11

审题步骤:

1.确定比较对象:A – field of science (科学领域)、B – field of art (艺术领域)

2.确定比较逻辑:科学的含义比艺术的含义更容易被人们理解(easier to find meaning)。

除了上述较明显的比较关系词外,出题人还会使用较隐晦的表达阐述比较关系,用以干扰考生的判断。因此,在审题时还需注意下列具有隐含比较关系的表达:

prefer to…

compare to/compare with/contrast

similar to…/similarly

superior to/inferior to

unusual

同样,考生在判定题干存在比较关系后,需标记题中的比较对象并明确比较逻辑。如:

35. Teachers say they prefer suggestopedia to traditional approaches to language teaching.

– Test 1, Cambridge 7

1.确定比较对象:A – suggestopedia(暗示教学)、B – traditional approaches(传统教学方法)

2.确定比较逻辑:暗示教学比传统教学方法更受老师喜欢(teachers say they prefer)。

二、借助以下2种解题思路辅助解题:

1.题干中A、B存在比较关系但原文A、B不存在比较关系时,答案应为未提及——NOT GIVEN。

先看个简单的例子:

题干:喜茶比星爸爸贵得多。

原文:我的意中人是个盖世英雄,有一天他会踏着七彩祥云,排好几个小时的队,左手拿着喜茶,右手拿着星爸爸,送过来给我喝。

分析:题干对“喜茶”和“星爸爸”的价格进行比较,得出“喜茶”更贵的结论。而原文中虽有出现两家网红饮品店的名字,但并比较两家店的产品价格,也没有提及与钱相关的信息,由此可判断该题答案为NOT GIVEN。

再看剑桥真题:

39. It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in the field of art.

“abstract art offers both a challenge and the freedom to play with different interpretations. In some ways, it’s not so different to science, where we are constantly looking for systems and decoding meaning so that we can view and appreciate the world in a new way.”

– Test 2,Cambridge IELTS 11

分析:

如前文提到,该题题干的比较关系是:科学的含义比艺术的含义更容易被人们理解。原文也的确提到了艺术(abstract art)和科学领域(science),但未就两个领域破译(decoding)的难易程度进行比较,所以本题答案为NOT GIVEN。

2.题干A、B存在比较关系且原文A、B也存在比较关系时,即可排除NOT GIVEN。这时,可通过对比两者的比较方式以确定答案应为TRUE/YES还是FALSE/NO:

1)如题干和原文使用相同的比较逻辑,则可判定题目答案为TRUE/YES。如:

40. In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.

“Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are stimulated to recall the material presented. Once again the approach is indirect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatisations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching. “

– Test 1, Cambridge IELTS 7

分析:

通过题干中similar to(隐含比较关系)可判定本题为比较关系—— follow-up classes(跟进课堂)和conventional classes(传统课堂)两者的教学活动相似。很多同学会由于原文没有明显对比词就两者的教学活动进行比较而误判为NOT GIVEN。但原文第3句介绍了跟进课堂为“not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate(不死记单词,用语言来交流)”;且第4句提到这些方法“not unusual(不罕见)”,即这些方法十分常见。由此可推断跟进课堂使用了与传统语言教学相似(similar)的教学方法,比较逻辑一致,可判定答案为 TRUE。

2)若题干和原文的比较逻辑相反或相斥,则可判定答案为FALSE/NO。如:

40. A manager’s approval of an idea is more persuasive than that of a colleague.

“If your project is being resisted, for example, by a group of veteran employees, ask another old-timer to speak up for it. Cialdini is not alone in advocating this strategy. Research shows that peer power, used horizontally not vertically, is much more powerful than any boss’s speech.”

– Test 1, Cambridge IELTS 10

分析:

题干就比较对象manager(管理人员)以及colleague(同事)进行比较:管理人员对项目的认可比同事的more persuasive(更有说服力)。原文第1句“如果项目被资深员工否决,那就争取另一个资历更老的人的支持”,以此说明来自员工支持的重要性。下一句提到“peer power(同事的力量)”比“any boss’s speech(任何一个老板的话)”都更加有力,即同事提出的意见比老板更有说服力,与题干的比较逻辑相反,由此可判定答案为NO.

雅思考试阅读模拟试题

new weapon to fight cancer

1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.

2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.

3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.

4. One of the country's leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. “In principle, you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy,” he said.

5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. “If a cancer doesn't do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel.”

6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. “They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process,” said Prof Seymour.

7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. “It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we've had before.”

8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.

9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.

10. “What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it,” he said.

11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.

12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. “There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases,” said Prof Seymour.

13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.

14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.

Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.

2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.

3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.

4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.

5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.

6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.

Question 7-9 Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.

7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found

(A) on TV

(B) in magazines

(C) on internet

(D) in newspapers

8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to

(A) change the body’ immune system

(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.

(C) increase the amount of injection

(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.

9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies

(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.

(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.

(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.

(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.

雅思考试阅读模拟试题

Questions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.

NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.

In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers

List of Words

dosage responding smallpox virus

disable natural ones inject

directed treatment cold-like illness

kill patients examined

Answers Keys:

1.答案:FALSE (见第2段:If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用,而不是根除。)

2.答案:TRUE (见第3段,特别是最后一句: Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques. )

3. 答案:NOT GIVEN (文中没有提到virus可以抑制肿瘤细胞再生长)

4. 答案:TRUE (见第5段第3、4句: 这里“cancer’s Achilles' heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles' heel的意思是“唯一致命弱点”)

5. 答案:FALSE (见第6段第第1句:Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)

6. 答案:TRUE (见第7段:Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we've had before." )

7. 答案:B (见第8段第1、2句:Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日报、期刊、杂志”)

8. 答案:D (见第9段第1句:Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩盖、隐蔽、伪装”, 在这里和 “disguise”同义。)

9. 答案:B (见第11段第2句: If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.. “mop up”这里与 “wipe out” 同义,意思是“消灭、歼灭”。)

10.答案:disable (见第13段最后1句:For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

11. 答案:natural ones (见第13段最后1句:For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

12. 答案:dosage (见第14段第1句:The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)

13. 答案:directed (见第14段最后1句:Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)

篇13:雅思阅读段落匹配题答题方法详解

雅思阅读段落匹配题答题方法详解

顾名思义,段落信息匹配是指题目中给出若干个句子,且均是原文某段中某些细节内容的改写,要求考生在题号前写出这些句子含义所在的段落编号,有时题目要求中会提示:NB you may use any letter more than once. 这便意味着至少有两道题目出自同一段落。本题型着重考察信息筛选与定位的能力。

解答此类题目试,首先要关注是否有“more than once”这样的提示,然后读一下每道题目的句子,大致判断其在文中的位置,各题目大致排序,然后到目标段落定位关键词,关键词指的是题目中句子的核心词或词组,当然,这些词和词组在原文必然会以同义词的形式出现,要注意甄别。

细节性的规律为,如果某道题描述的是背景、历史,比如带有明显的background\history这种提示词,则重点去文章第一二段定位答案,此两段重点描述写作背景,如果题目描述中带有比较明显的预测、未来、推广等含义则重点去末尾两段定位,此两段主要是对整篇文章的总结和对未来的展望。

下面我们以剑桥真题6中第一套题的第一篇文章做个较为细致的讲解。

1) a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports

分析:通过reference一词可以得知本句是关于某个内容的介绍,而介绍是背景段的主要作用,本题主要介绍的是不同体育项目,因此定位在1~2段。其中提到不同项目,主要找举例、不同、差异这类定位词,可以看到B段第三句AIS scientists work across a number of sports,applying skills learned in one对应题目1中的the exchange of expertise between different sports。

2) an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations

分析:通过explanation一词可以看出本句属于原理解释,位于文章中间,解释的对象是视觉影响,也就是说要去文章中间几段定位影像、图片、照片等关键词。我们可以从文中C段明显看到3D这一表示相机和拍照的大写定位,顺而向下可以看到在倒数第二句It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second,这句话对应题目中的视觉影像一词。

3) a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

分析:通过narrowing一词可以说明本句意思是缩小研究领域的原因。可知,研究领域的确定应该在具体研究开始之前,上一题中已经开始阐述具体通过视觉影像来进行研究,所以本题定位在C之前。可以看到B段倒数第二句They all focus on one aim: winning.对应题目3中的narrowing the scope of research activity。

4) how some AIS ideas have been reproduced

解析:Reproduce一词意思为复制和效仿,根据文章整体结构我们可以明显判断出此类观点出现在文章结尾。F段首句Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried.

5) how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

分析:本题也是考察某种因素是如何被调查研究的,通过第2和第3题,我们可以发现,调查研究属于文章CD两段内容,其中C重点说视觉影响,而D段其中第三句'His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. 'If he can improve on his turns,he can do much better,这句话是指影响运动员提高表现的因素是如何被提高和改善的。

6) an overview of the funded support of athletes

分析:overview一词表明此题是对某内容的综述,应该直接定位文章首段,文章A段主要概述了澳大利亚对运动员的支持,其中倒数第二句, Another body, the Australian Sports Commission , finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. 对应题目6中的the funded support.

7) how performance requirements are calculated before an event

分析:本题需要定位比赛开始前所发生的事情,E段讲述了比赛前对成绩的预期和训练。其中第二句Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a 'competition model', 对应题目7中的before an event.

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

A.

When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January , the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers’ favourite enemy operates.

B.

So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group’s profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.

C

Mr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s operations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.

D.

He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald’s through the visitors’ programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.

E.

Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald’s restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald’s managers across the continent.

F.

To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald’s employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald’s in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.

G.

In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company’s drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.

H.

Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain.

I.

“Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer.

J.

M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants’ margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in . This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America’s 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin’s reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group’s top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer

FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.

2. Starting from last year, detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.

3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe, but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.

4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.

5. According to David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS, David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.

6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.

Questions 7-10

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.

7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.

A. difficult

B. menial

C. terrible

D. excellent

8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?

A. It tends to make people fat.

B. Its operations are very vague.

C. It tends to exploit workers.

D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.

9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?

A. “Food Studio” scheme.

B. “Open Door” visitor days.

C. The “McPassport” scheme.

D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.

10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?

A. set up a “Food Studio” .

B. established a “Design Studio”.

C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.

D. employed local bosses as much as possible.

Questions 11-14

Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

11. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were ………………………….

12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to ……………………………..

13. Compared with other countries, France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America.

14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain. Part II

Notes to Reading Passage 1

1.sterling高质量的

e.g. He has many sterling qualities. 他身上有许多优秀的品质。

2. menial 不体面的, 乏味的(工作、职业)

3. spruce up打扮整齐、漂亮、装饰

4. mastermind指挥、谋划(一个计划或活动)

e.g. The police know who masterminded the robbery.警察知道是谁策划了那次抢劫。

5. underperform表现不佳表现出低于标准的工作水平、企业出现亏本

Part III

Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-14

1. FALSE

See the second sentence in Paragraph A “One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries…”.

2. TRUE

See the last sentence in Paragraph D “The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.”

3. NOT GIVEN

See Paragraph D, E and H “Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market.”.

4. FALSE

See the last sentence of Paragraph H and first sentence of Paragraph L “The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain…Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned…”

5. TRUE

See the first sentence of Paragraph I “Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS”.

6. NOT GIVEN

See the last sentence of Paragraph I “So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer”.

7. D

See the first sentence of Paragraph A “One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots”.

8. B

See the second sentence of Paragraph D “McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment”

9. C

See the second sentence of Paragraph E “But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union..”

10. A

See the last sentence of Paragraph G “He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends”.

11. sluggish or declining

See the first sentence of Paragraph A “When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004, the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.”

12. seasonal menu offerings

See the last sentence of Paragraph B “December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly”.

13.most profitable market

See the second sentence of Paragraph H “But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America”.

14. 15%

See the second sentence of Paragraph I “Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America”.

篇14:雅思阅读八种题型的解题方法

在阅读文章的后面给出listofheadings,一般是10个左右选项,其中含一到两个段落及其标题的例子。要求对题目中给出的段落,根据其内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。尽管题目说明中提示一个选项可能会适用多个,但正式考试中一般一个选项只能用于一个段落。

段落标题类答题步骤:

1. 首先在list of headings中划去做为例子的heading 或headings,以免在根据段落内容在listofheadings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题时,它(它们)会干扰考试者对其他headings的选择。

2. 在文章中把做为例子的段落划掉,以免对例子段落进行不必要的精读。

3. 对题目中给出的段落,按照首句(第一、二句)、末句和中间句寻找主题句的方法,在listofheadings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。

4.如果时间允许,按照文章的段落顺序,对非题目中给出的段落及例子段落进行快速阅读,而对题目中给出并要求找出与其相匹配的段落标题的段落进行精读。找出其中心意思后,再在listofheadings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。

5. 选出几个可能匹配的题目进行比较(通常两至三个),当然其中只能有一个为正确答案。

6.对于第一种匹配题型可以将最难的题留在最后进行匹配,不要在较难的题上花费更多的时间,而应选择较易回答的题目进行匹配,最后所剩即为该难题的答案。

7. 要仔细检察答案,特别是第一题型,因为答错一题,就意味着答错两道题。

二、辨别正误题型(true / false /not given)

该题型还涉及到:(not given / not mentioned)没有提到,有时还会出现下列提法accurat/inaccurat 精确/不精确;supported / contradicted 一致/不一致。 correct/incorrect 正确与不正确。辨别正误题型属于难度较大的题型。通常在阅读测试中的第三或第四部分出现。

在规定的时间内如不能完成某一组题,留出一分钟,用逻辑方法猜测答案做答。这一方法在回答辨别正误(true; false;notgiven)题型时很有效。逻辑猜题在ielts测试中是答题的一个很关键的方法。事实上由于时间的限制,很多题是通过此方法求出的。

辨别正误题答题步骤:

1. 详细阅读并理解答题指引部分,确定答题方式。

2. 确切理解问句的含义,严格按照文章本身意思理解和推断,不要想当然。

3. 找出问句中的关键词语。

4. 利用关键词语在文章中确定答案位置。

5.仔细查看文章中关键词语所在句子中的含义。必要时应查看关键词语所在句子前后句子的含义。认真区分false和notgiven,false与原文相反、相冲突;notgive则不相冲突,但未提及。

6.可利用语法、词法判断答案所在相关句子的肯定与否定含义。

三、回答问题(short-answer question tasks)

回答问题是根据所给文章或图表回答问题。在ielts阅读测试中通常是用下列单词提问:.what、which、when、where、who、whose、whom、why、how等。除了利用上述单词进行提问外,有时会在答题指引中将所提问题列出。

回答问题答题步骤:

1. 仔细查看答题指引,了解回答何种问题。

2. 查看例句,确定答题方式。

3.要确定问句的种类,一般疑问句可按正常形式回答(例如:yes/no),如果是选择疑问句或者是以wh/how开头的问句就一定要具体回答

4. 仔细理解问句所提问题。

5. 特别要注意问句中所提问题的关键词语(例如:单数、复数),以及问句中表明数量、时间、地点的词语。

6. 将问句中的关键词语与文章中相关句子中的词语进行匹配。

7. 确定问句与文章中相关句子含义是否一致,得出答案。

四、完成图表、示意图题型(table、chart or diagram completion)

这部分题型是要根据文章所给出的信息,将图表内缺失的内容(或数据)填补出来。在ielts阅读测试中,有很多种图表及示意图。这些图表中虽然词/语不多,但却能够明确说明问题的答案。通常这些图表会附在所给阅读文章之内,作为文章的一部分。切记不可忽略这些图表。图表填空的关键在于分析图表中已存在的文字信息点所在,然后根据已给出的信息点寻找对应的信息。

完成图表、示意图题答题步骤:

1. 详细查看答题指引,以确定图表为何种信息。

2. 查看例句,了解图表内容及答题方式。

3. 查看图表题目栏中词语及数字符号。

4. 查看图表中的说明及注释部分。

5. 利用问句中的关键词语,在所给图表中寻找答案。

五、配对题(matching)

此种题型是ielts阅读考试a类中比较普遍的题型,配对的范围主要在:事件和事件的发展过程;原因和结果;文章中的概念和概念的解释;某种标志性事物和其所在的时代;新

产品和发明家、时间等。

配对题答题步骤:

1. 仔细查看答题指引,了解回答何种问题。

2. 查看例句,确定答题方式。

3. 弄清那些选项是同义选项,那些选项是反义选项,那些选项是有关数字选项。

4. 根据在题目中自己划出的中心词在原文中寻找信息点,注意以大写、斜体、括号和引号方式出现的概念。

5. 对于有关人名与理论、新产品和发明家、时间的配对题,首先要快速找出人名、公司名和时间,然后在附近的上下文中找答案。

六、摘要(summary)、填空题型 (gapfill)

填空题通常有两种形式:一种是根据文章内容选择词或短语填空,一般是为阅读文章的缩写内容进行填空;另一种则无参考文章,只是一篇短文。第一种题型相对第二种题型较难,所花费时间较多,因为要将两篇文章进行语句、词语的比较。不过这种缩写形式对于理解所给阅读文章有所帮助。第二种形式是利用所给单词或短语进行填空。上述两种形式填空题都需要借助语法、词法知识,分析所需填空文章中相关句子的含义。

如果在填空题中所需填空的词为名词,还要确定其单数或复数形式。如果是动词,还要查看其动词的主语。如该主语为单数形式,应确定其动词是否为现在时第三人称单数形式。 要确定填空所需单词在句中的作用,是肯定还是否定的。连接词通常会决定词意的性质。例如:however、but、ontheother hand它们会改变句子的性质;而also、and、to、aswellas则仍保持句子的性质不变。

有时所需填空单词会在填空文章的后面出现,这一点值得注意。要特别注意填空题中的代词,每个代词都会表明它所代表的名词或名词短语。因此一定要找出填空后面的代词,以确定它所代表的名词,这在回答填空题时有很大帮助。

摘要、填空题答题步骤:

1. 首先阅读答题指引部分,确定填空文章是所给阅读文章的全篇还是部分的缩写,而且还要了解所给单词是否可以多次使用。

2.利用例句确定答案在文章中的位置,如能在一组题内先查看例句及最后一个问题,并确定例句的关键词语与最后一个问题的关键词语在文章中的位置,即可确定其它各题的答案一定是处在它们之间的段落内,从而缩小了搜索答案的范围,而不必通篇阅读。

3. 快速扫描填空文章了解其大致含义。

4. 判别所给单词表中单词的词性。如果为短语,还须确定其相应的词性功能,通过判别词性可以缩小选词目标,从而缩短答题时间。

5. 查看填空前后的词语及该填空所在句子,并理解其含义。

6. 将单词表中选出的目标词语与所要填空的前后单词进行相互联系比较,利用语法及词法知识确定其准确性。

7. 如果属于第一种题型,还可以利用关键词语与所给阅读文章的相关句子进行匹配。

8. 填空所需词性如果为名词,而单词表中并无名词,仅有形容词,就必须将该形容词转换成名词形式进行填空,但这种情况并不多见。

七、完成句子题型 (sentence completion tasks)

完成句子题型就是先给出句子的一部分,未给出部分在文章中找出,或者给出2-3个答案,由你选择一个。这种题型较难,要花一点时间仔细查看文章中的有关部分。

完成句子题答题步骤:

1. 详细阅读答题指引,获取必要的答题信息。

2. 参考例句,确定答题形式。

3. 利用语法知识确定句子缺失部分。

4. 仔细查看所给句子的含义,并找出关键词语。

5 利用所给部分的关键词语在文章中找出相关句子。

6. 在文章中的相关句子里,选取缺失部分(即答案)。

如果完成句子题型是以多重选择的形式出现,那么则要将选择答案部分列为问句的一部分,从中选取所需的关键词语,逐个与文章中相关句子进行匹配。

八、多重选择题型 (maltiple-choice tasks)

ielts阅读测试中多重选择题型与toefl测试中的多重选择题型虽然类似,但实质上差别很大。ielt阅读测试中的多重选择题型更多侧重于对文章的理解,而非强调语法、词法的运用。

多重选择题答题步骤:

1. 详细阅读答题指引,尽量找出相关答题信息。

2. 按所给问题顺序答题。

3. 首先剔出例句答案所在部分,紧随其后从上至下开始答题。

4. 在问句中找出关键词语。

5. 在所给选择答案中找出关键词语。

6. 依次将问句及选择答案中的关键词语与文章中的相关词语进行匹配。

7.依据三点相符原则确定答案,既如果在匹配过程中找出三个逻辑上相同点既可确信答案正确无疑;两点相同,准确率也应在80%以上;一点相同,就须根据语法知识及相关信息加以判断。但有些题只需一点或两点相同即可找出答案。

注意多重选择题型下列情况:

1. all of the above. (上述全部)

2. either a. or b. or c. or above. (或者上面的a.或b.或c.)

3. it depends on. (视 …… 而定)

如果出现上述三种情况,就要对所有的选择答案进行分析对比。

ielts阅读考试中常常以混合题形式出现,不能单单以一种答题方法进行答题,要掌握各种题型的答题要领,具体运用到组合题中。上面八种题型的答题步骤只能作为答题时的参考,考生在实际考试过程中可根据具体情况灵活运用。

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