托福独立写作中如何展开例证段落
“to8to”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇托福独立写作中如何展开例证段落，以下是小编为大家准备的托福独立写作中如何展开例证段落，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
篇1：托福独立写作中如何展开例证段落
托福独立写作中如何展开例证段落
解释之后，剩下我们要进行的就是例证。怎么去写一个好的例子，我们还是先从失败的案例开始。同学们在写例子的时候，常犯的几个错， 就是这三个错。
第一个错叫reason和例子没有关系。比如说我举一个例子，就是刚才的那道题，高薪不稳定的工作，让我们有压力，压力让我们变的更强大， 如果我的逻辑链是如此的话，这样写例子，大家觉得和reason有关系吗?
比如说，我叔和我舅，曾经做了一个如何高薪不稳定的工作，他在一个外企，还有薪水是别人的两倍，但是很可能，因为满足不了公司的要求，随时都有可能被开除，高薪不稳定。但是，在做那个工作的过程中呢，他认识了非常多优秀的同事，从那个同事身上他学会了很多他们的优秀品质，最后变的更强。这个例子跟reason是不是有关系?你会发现好像我也是在讲我叔通过做高薪不稳定工作变更强的例子，但是这个例子跟前面的reason完全无关。因为他根本就没有提到任何跟压力任何相关的内容。
所以很多同学写文章原因和例子没有关系，是因为原因和例子根据就不是一个逻辑链。你的原因中，选择可能是C，而在例子中你可能把它变成DEFG。跟C完全无关的话，这个时候就会让别人觉得，你这一段没有做到统一，例子废话多。
比如还是刚才我叔通过做高薪的工作，变的非常强的例子，如果我已经写完我叔工作如何高薪，如何压力大，如何变更强以后，我还需要在写他变的更强以后，他就可以拿到更高的薪水;变更强以后他成功的概率就会变的更高;变的更强了以后他就可以娶到一个漂亮的老婆，生一堆可爱的孩子... 这些就完全不需要写了。因为跟我们的逻辑链已经完全无关了，你再去往下扩展，你叔变更强了以后的后续的好处，只会让别人觉得你越写例子越远，它虽然会让你的文章变长，但是长不一定会带来更好的分数，你写的太多跟逻辑链完全无关的内容。
第二个叫例子不具体，很多同学举例子都是这样。为了证明办公室上班会让我压力大，会让我效率变的更高。我的例子就变成，以前我叔在办公室上班的时候，效率真的很高，但是我叔一回到家呢，效率就会变的更低。那再比如，我为了证明做兼职可以帮助大学生找到好工作，我的例子就是我的朋友小明大学的时候真的做了很多的兼职，我的朋友小明最后找了一个非常好的工作。这种例子真的跟论点有关，没有废话，但是这种例子你写到一百个，别人也不会觉得你有细节，也不会给你高分，因为它不具体，它只是把主题句中的人换成了我叔，我哥我舅，其他根本就没有变过。主题句是办公室上班效率高，你举个例子就是我叔在办公室上班效率高，这种例子完全没有任何的意义。
所以我们如何去摆脱这三个问题，如何让你的论点和例子有直接的关系，如何避免例子中的废话，如何让你的例子变的非常地具体，大家只要牢记例子的写法是什么就行了。我们刚才说过，reason的本质叫搭桥，找到一个中间点C，而例子本质叫specify,这个单词翻译成中文就叫具体化。要具体化的是什么?就是我们的逻辑链中的A、C和B。我们在写reason的时候，你会发现A、C和B还都是相对比较宽泛的名词，A是高薪不稳定的工作，C是压力，而B是提高。而我们在写例子的时候，只需要把A变成具体的什么样的A?把C变成具体的什么样的C?把B变成具体什么样的B就可以了。
比如说高薪不稳定的工作在写例子的时候，你就不能只是简单的说高薪不稳定，你要把它薪水如何高，如何不稳定给讲清楚。你在说C在逻辑链中只是一个简单的压力，而在例子中就不能只说我叔压力大，你要把我叔压力大的具体表现写清楚。比如说他每天都有开不完的会;他每星期都有无数deadline需要他去完成;再或者是他还有一堆的同事，每一天都要跟他竞争着同样的一个薪水更高，然后压力更大的工作…而这些都是在细化我叔的压力如何大。最后我叔变的更强，你也不能只说我叔变的更强，你要把他在什么样的方面变的如何强写清楚，如果你能够这样完成一个例子的话，这个例子就是非常有细节的例子。
到这儿为止，我们就已经把段落展开了。基本原理说完了，大家看完这些分享以后，其实只需要记住四个字就可以理解我刚才讲的全部内容：第一个词叫搭桥，reason的本质就是搭桥，找到一个C，第二个词叫细化，例子的本质就是细化，把你刚才搭的桥A、C、B从抽象变的具体。然后你就完成一个非常好的，又统一，又完整，又有细节的段落了。
中国考生最容易忽略的托福写作细节点是什么?
中国考生最容易忽略的托福写作细节点是什么?得到的答案是范文?模板?生词?还有更多.......但其实对于中国考生来说，最容易被忽略的细节点，却是 语法 。
大家都知道托福写作的评分标准是从语言形式(linguistic feature)和内容(content)来两方面来衡量的。如果说托福写作比喻为一个人，那么，语言形式就是一个人的仪表着装，内容则是一个人的内涵。想要获取托福写作高分，我们就必须做到“内外兼修”。
优秀的语言形式需要考生注重：字数格式、词句丰富、语法正确。语法正确就是很关键的一点，本文就通过托福写作中的四类语法错误和大家谈谈语言形式中的语法正确性。
语法错误一：单复数不一致
单复数原则涉及可数名词单复数和动词三单(即主语为单数且动词使用现在时，动词需要用单数)。这个道理无人不知，但往往实践和理论是脱节的。那么，学生们会写成什么样子呢?[注：本文所选用错误句子均源于学生作文]
错1：Job-related decision must depend on some specific situation.
析1：situation是可数名词，当被some修饰时，应用复数。
改1：Job-related decision must depend on some specific situations.
错2：There are less support to the literature writers.
析2：There be 句式中的be的单复数由主语决定，此句主语为不可数名词support，应用单数。
改2：There is less support to the literature writers.
错3：Traveling now become a modern way for people to relax
析3：主语traveling是单数，相应的谓语动词也应该用单数。
改3：Traveling now becomes a modern way for people to relax
语法错误二：动词原形做主语
动词原形是不可以做主语的，必须用动名词(doing)或不定式(to do)的形式。
错4：Study hard will increase a person’s competence.
析4：此句使用动词原形做主语，需改成动名词(doing)或不定式(to do)的形式。
改4：Studying hard will increase a person’s competence.
错5：Educate children is a momentous task today.
析5：此句使用动词原形做主语，需改成动名词(doing)或不定式(to do)的形式。
改5：To educate children is a momentous task today.
语法错误三：两个或多个独立的句子用逗号连接
逗号并不具备链接两个独立句子的功能。
两个独立的句子有以下几种写法：
第一，两个句子用句号隔开，句首都需要首字母大写。
第二，用逻辑连接词连接两个句子，写作中常用的逻辑连接词为并列关系(and，分号)、转折(but, yet)、因果(for, so)。
第三，写成复合句的形式，即名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句。例句有以下两种修改形式
错6：People inevitably have access to unhealthy or violent information on the Internet, some people especially teenagers will be easily attracted by those information.
析6：本句中，逗号连接了两个独立而完整的句子，是错误的。
改6-1：People inevitably have access to unhealthy or violent information on the Internet. Some people especially teenagers will be easily attracted by those information.
改6-2：People inevitably have access to unhealthy or violent information on the Internet and some people especially teenagers will be easily attracted by those information.
改6-3：People inevitably have access to unhealthy or violent information on the Internet; some people especially teenagers will be easily attracted by those information.
错7：Today the haze is severely heavy, it is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
析7：逗号连接两个独立的句子。
改7-1：Today the haze is severely heavy. And it is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
改7-2：Today the haze is severely heavy, and it is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
改7-3：Today the haze is severely heavy; it is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
改7-4：Today the haze is severely heavy which is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
语法错误四：从句单独成句
从句的“从”意为“从属”，所以，它是不具备独立的功能的。也就是说，不能把从句连接词首字母大写变成一个独立的句子。从句是复合句的一部分，从句和主句就像台湾和大陆一样是不可分割的。当从句被写成独立的句子，就犹如台湾远离了祖**亲的怀抱，于心何忍?!所以，从句必须和主句一起构成一个完整的句子。
错8：The professor states that our culture has changed a lot. Which means we do not have to find what we want only from the literature work but also from the Internet.
析8：which引导的定语从句独立成句，是错误的。
改8：The professor states that our culture has changed a lot, which means we do not have to find what we want only from the literature work but also from the Internet.
错9：The only problem of food at the present time is that people have difficulty to decide what to eat. Because people have too many choices of delicious food.
析9：because引导的原因状语从句独立成句，错误。
改9：The only problem of food at the present time is that people have difficulty to decide what to eat, because people have too many choices of delicious food.
总结篇：
语法错误的出现大多是因为在中文表达中缺乏相应英文的规则。在中文表达中，我们无需注重动词的时态语态、动词非谓语形式等，对待单复数的表达以“简”为重(如“一所大学”和“百所中国大学”，“大学”的表达并没有变化，但对应英文需要分别用单数和复数，即'a university' 和'100 Chinese universities')。
我们在汉语的长期熏陶下，便难以完全建立起良好的英文思维。于是，在托福写作中，时而会有捉襟见肘的模样。希望本文的内容你可以让自己的语言形式变得漂亮而生动!
托福写作高分技巧：如何善用倒装句
托福写作需要添加一些新鲜的词汇和句式，才能增加亮点，得到高分。本文中，托福小编为您介绍托福写作高分技巧之一：巧用倒装句，希望对大家有所帮助。
倒装句有两种:
将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.
只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。
一、表示强调:
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
eg.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。
eg.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。
eg. No sooner had I got home than it beg.an to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。
eg. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
eg.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
二、承上启下
有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。
eg.They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
eg. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
三、制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。
再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。
四、平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
eg.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
eg.A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。
eg.On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
eg.Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。
eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。
eg.Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。
五、使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。
eg.Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
eg.Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。
eg.Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!
eg.Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!
以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。
托福写作范文：当今社会为年轻人制定的规则太过严厉
写作题目
The rules that the society today requires young people to follow and obey are too strict. 当今社会为年轻人制定的规则太严厉了。
写作范文
It is not always easy for young people to make a living in society, not only because they are confronted with the mounting pressure brought by an expanding population, but also they are confined to all kinds of written or unwritten social rules. But some people claim that with the rapid progress of society, the rules that the young people have to follow are not as strict as they were in the past. As for me, I am in agreement with the viewpoint above, and my reasons and examples are given below.
The first example is associated with “puppy love”. It was long believed that puppy love was so harmful to youngsters’ academic performance that school authorities as well as parents rigorously forbid them to have romance. But changes have taken place in the public idea of this issue. Young people are no longer required to restrain their desire to find a girlfriend or boyfriend because the public begins to realize that it is not wise to go against the laws of nature. For example, I have two classmates who are in love with each other, and they study together, eat together and hang out together with no one else standing in the way. It seems that their grades are not affected at all.
The second example comes from the aspect of job-hunting. In my country, getting a decent job without using “backdoor policy” was once considered impossible. Whether a young person found a nice job or not depended on his families’ social backgrounds, rather than his real capabilities. Gradually, the public found out that the nepotism easily resulted in corruption, which could badly threaten the principle of social justice and fairness. Today’s young people are not asked to obey those “unwritten rules” behind the job-hunting. They can really enjoy competing with peers in a fair environment. We can see that nowadays young people from poor family stand a fair chance to be top-notch technologists, professors or managers.
Admittedly, strict restraints on young people still exist in terms of laws and morality such as abortion based on sex selection and drug abuse, because those aspects are the bottom lines of the society. It should be every social member’s responsibility to defend those lines from being broken. However, in aspects above bottom lines, the society is becoming more relaxing and tolerant, which enables young people to enjoy more freedom with fewer rules.
From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw a conclusion that young people are in a much more tolerant society with fewer strict rules. Just as a proverb that goes, “where there is oppression, there is opposition”. A dynamic and peaceful society must be a place where every member, especially young people, are given an extraordinary degree of freedom, and it is my luck to live in such a society.
篇2：托福独立写作如何把握展开思路
托福独立写作如何把握展开思路?高分前辈分享经验方法
如何把握好托福独立写作的正确思路?
怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢?下面为大家介绍一些实战做法。
1.首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。
比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。
2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。
3.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。
形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。
4.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。
论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。
把握托福独立写作要点介绍
托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。
托福写作由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。
这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。
论据的准备也可以称为素材，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。
新托福独立写作是讲究技巧的，只要把一篇作文的条理理顺，再用自己的语言组织论点和论据，丰富文章的内容，然后再稍加注意一下措辞，那么，拿到高分也不是那么困难了。
托福写作模板:食物保存
Nowadays，food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福写作模板及范文参考：
Nowadays， wherever we turn our gaze， we can see different types of food that are easier to prepare. For instance， we can buy frozen foods in a supermarket and just prepare it in a couple of minutes， whereas before it could have taken us maybe hours to prepare this kind of meals. I would accept that this so-called improvement has changed our lives， but I believe that there are some drawbacks as well.
It is true that these kinds of food do not involve hard work to prepare， but food that is easy to prepare generally has some artificial ingredients mixed in it that makes it “easy-to-cook”. If we take time to read the ingredients， we would definitely come across words like preservatives or artificial flavorings. It was just a couple of days ago that I came across a newspaper article which stated that someone was poisoned because he ate this type of food. He was hospitalized for almost a month.
Not having to cook has also taken the fun out of cooking. Cooking is an art， but in today's world， this is no more true. People are so busy with their work that they just rely on this simple foods. The invention and production of this foods have made people lazy not only for cooking but also for a well family get-together. It was not like former times when families would sit together and eat freshly baked food. Instead， they are getting these artificial things with minimal nutrients in them.
Cooking in the yesteryears was much better than today's. People would spend more time in the kitchen， preparing the food in the way that they liked it. This brought families closer together and also contributed to the high quality and nutrition of the food. Granted， people are busier nowadays and do not have as much time as they did in the past， but I believe that people have forgotten the importance of healthy， fresh food and of the time a family spends together preparing the food. So， I would say that having food that is easy to prepare has had many disadvantages.
托福写作模板:同事品质
托福写作模板及范文参考：
We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of people. In your opinion， what are some important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important.
托福写作范文参考：
We spend more time with our co-workers during a week than we do with our family. Thus， it's important for our co-workers to be people we can get along with. I've worked in a lot of offices， and I've found there are certain characteristics that all good co-workers have in common.
A good co-worker is very cooperative. She does her best to get along with others. She tries to keep her end of things flowing smoothly to help others in the office. She realizes that if one person doesn't get her work done， it can hold up everyone else. She has a positive attitude that creates a pleasant working environment.
A good co-worker is adaptable. She is not stubborn about changes in schedules or routines， and doesn't object to having her job description revised. That can make life miserable for everyone around her. A good co-worker is willing to change her schedule to accommodate another worker's emergency. She has no problem with new procedures and welcomes changes when they come.
A good co-worker is helpful. She pitches in when someone falls behind in his or her work. She's willing to do whatever it takes to get the job done. She doesn't keep track of how often she has to finish another's work or take on extra work. Some co-workers do their own job， period. They have no sense of office community. They only want to do their work， get paid and go home.
A good co-worker is a sympathetic listener， and never uses what she learns against people. She doesn't gossip. A bad co-worker uses negative rumors to take advantage of others. Being a good co-worker isn't too hard， but some people just can't seem to manage it. Wouldn't it be a wonderful world if everyone could?
托福写作模板:寿命长的原因
托福写作模板及范文参考：
In general， people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
托福写作范文参考：
With the development of human society， people are living longer now. Many factors interacting together to enable the longer life. There are three most important causes： the quality of food has been greatly improved; people could have medical services; more and more people realize that regular sports benefit their health.
The improving quality of our food is the most important factor of the longer life. We could have not only enough food as we want， but also the healthier food. When we preparing food， we no longer consider the cost， but pay more attention to the nutritions of the food. With the development of transportation systems， inland people now could also enjoy seafood and tropical fruit.
Furthermore， governments are paying more and more money on medical establishments. Citizens could have medical services more easily. Because of the convenient medical service more illnesses could be detected at an earlier stage. Also， many illnesses that had been considered fatal could be cured today. The better detection and curement enable people's longer life.
Last but not least important is that people care more for their own health. Every morning you could see people doing sports outside. More and more people have realized the saying “life is locomotion”. Regular sports build up a strong body. Naturally， people with stronger body could resist more deseases.
To sum up， the development of our society causes the longer life of people. People have better food and better medical services. And people spend more time on sports tobiuld up stronger bodies. As we could predict， people are going to live even longer.
篇3：托福写作例证素材
瓦特 (Watt)
British engineer and inventor who made fundamental improvements in the steam engine, resulting in the modern, high-pressure steam engine (patented 1769).瓦特，詹姆斯1736-1819英国工程师和发明家，他对蒸汽机做出了基础性的改进，使之发展成现代的高压蒸汽机(1769年获得专利)
参考事迹：提起瓦特，大家都可能认为是蒸汽机的发明家，其实早在瓦特之前，已经有比较粗糙的蒸汽机了，不过经过瓦特的改造，效率大大提高，引发了人类历史上第一次技术革命，推动了工业革命的运行。因为蒸汽机，瓦特从一个一贫如洗的穷小子成了名利双收的人物，他在里就获得了76,000 英镑专利税，为了保护自己的专利，他到晚年显得非常不爽，经常到法院起诉，阻止和压制别人的发明，甚至不许自己的助手去试验用蒸汽发动四轮车。这是一个科学家的悲剧，不过对E考生来说是好事情，找着专家批了!
轶事：小时候看到一壶水开了，蒸汽把壶盖冲的扑扑跳，这种常人司空见惯的现象却引起了小瓦特的浓厚兴趣，目不转睛的盯着水壶，忘了把它提下来，为此被大人说成“懒孩子”
利用点：“The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others.” 以及所有专家，权威的话题。知道成功，不知道怎么利用成功?
篇4：托福写作例证素材
华盛顿 ( Washington)
American military leader and the first President of the United States (1789-1797). Commander of the American forces in the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), he presided over the Second Constitutional Convention (1787) and was elected President of the fledgling country (1789). He shunned partisan politics and in his farewell address (1796) warned against foreign involvement.
参考事迹：美国开国元勋。胜利后别人拥戴他当国王，不干，并辞去总司令职务回乡务农，后来被选上当总统后，干了两届，共八年，坚决拒绝第三次连任，按照他的声望，完全可以一直连任。为此后美国总统连任不得超过三任做出了范例。美国人民心中的NO.1
轶事：如果没有记错，樱桃树的故事是华盛顿搞出来的?
参考点：革命家不能顾及到自己的利益，否则革命不彻底，当头的不能老当头，就算牛也要下来。诚实谦虚不图虚名等品质。
篇5：托福写作例证素材
比尔·盖茨
Bill Gates When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.
篇6：托福写作例证素材
My First Time in Philadelphia — Benjamin Franklin
I walked up the street, gazing about till near the market-house I met a boy with bread. I had made many a meal on bread, and, inquiring where he got it, I went immediately to the baker?s he directed me to, in Second-street, and asked for biscuit, intending such as we had in Boston; but they, it seems, were not made in Philadelphia. Then I asked for a three-penny loaf, and was told they had none such. So not considering or knowing the difference of money, and the greater cheapness nor the names of his bread, I bade him give me three-penny worth of any sort.
He gave me, accordingly, three great puffy rolls, I was surprised at the quantity, but took it, and, having no room in my pockets, walked off with a roll under each arm, and eating the other. Thus I went up Market-street as far as Fourth-street, passing by the door of Mr. Read, my future wife?s father; when he, standing at the door, saw me, and thought I made, as I certainly did, a most awkward, ridiculous appearance. Then I turned and went down Chestnut-street and part of Walnut street, eating my roll all the way, and, coming round, found myself again at Market-street wharf, near the boat I came in , to which I went for a draught of the river water; and, being filled with one of my rolls, gave the other two to a woman and her child that came down the river in the boat with us, and were waiting to go farther.
Thus refreshed, I walked again up the street, which by this time had many clean-dressed people in it, who were all walking the same way. I joined them, and thereby was led into the great meeting-house of the Quakers near the market. I sat down among them, and, after looking round awhile and hearing nothing said, being very drowsy through labor and want of rest the preceding night, I fell fast asleep, and continued so till the meeting broke up. When one was kind enough to rouse me, this was, therefore, the first house I was in, or slept in, in Philadelphia.
Walking down again toward the river, and, looking in the faces of people, I met a young Quaker man, whose countenance I liked, and, accosting him requested he would tell me where a stranger could get lodging . We were then near the sign of the Three Mariners. “Here”, says he “is one place that entertains strangers, but it is not a reputable house; if thee wilt walk with me, I?ll show thee a better.” He brought me to the Crooked Billet in Water-street. Here I got a dinner; and, while I was eating it, several sly questions were asked me, as it seemed to be suspected form my youth and appearance, that I might be some runaway.
After dinner, my sleepiness returned, and being shown to a bed, I lay down without undressing and slept till six in the evening, was called to supper, went to bed again very early, and slept soundly till next morning. Then I made myself as tidy as I could, and went to Andrew Bradford the printer?s. I found in the shop the old man his father, whom I had seen at New York, and who, traveling on horseback, had got to Philadelphia before me. He introduced me to his son, who received me civilly, gave me a breakfast, but told me he did not at present want a hand, being lately supplied with one; but there was another printer in town, lately set up, one Keimer, who, perhaps, might employ me; if not, I should be welcome to lodge at his house, and he would give me a little work to do now and then till fuller business should offer. The old gentleman said he would go with me to the new printer; and when we found him, “Neighbor,” says Bradford, “ I have brought to see you a young man of your business; perhaps you may want such a one.” He asked me a few questions, put a composing stick in my hand to see how I worked, and then said he would employ me soon, though he had just then nothing for me to do……
篇7：托福独立写作怎样把握展开思路
托福独立写作如何把握展开思路?高分前辈分享经验方法
如何把握好托福独立写作的正确思路?
怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢?下面为大家介绍一些实战做法。
1.首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。
比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。
2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。
3.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。
形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。
4.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。
论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。
把握托福独立写作要点介绍
托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。
托福写作由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。
这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。
论据的准备也可以称为素材，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。
新托福独立写作是讲究技巧的，只要把一篇作文的条理理顺，再用自己的语言组织论点和论据，丰富文章的内容，然后再稍加注意一下措辞，那么，拿到高分也不是那么困难了。
托福写作如何改进转折句
“there be句型”变为被动语态
试比较
1. She used to be indifferent to the outside world, but an interloper changed her.
2. Her indifference to the outside world was changed by and interloper.
把but后面的句子改为短小插入语
试比较
1. Driven by an interest in words, Claire kept trying poetry, novelsand literature analyses, but she hardly succeeded in any of these endeavors at the very beginning.
2. Driven by an interest in words, Claire kept trying poetry, novels and literature analyses—all with little initial success.
把but后面部分改为更紧凑的从句
试比较
1. It was meant to be a brief parting, but it turned into a long, lingering one.
2. What was meant to be a brief parting turned into a long, lingering one.
第二句读起来更加集中、紧凑，并且去掉了“It was, but it…”等鸡肋部分。
积累一些可能替换but的连接词
e.g. however/nonetheless/nevertheless/yet/whereas/while...
试比较
1. Once arriving home, she starts to review all the notes, not necessarily because the teacher requires her to do so,but because she encourages herself to study hard.
2. Once arriving home,she starts to review all the notes, as much from the requirement of the teacher,as from herself-encouragement.
总结
对于but这一最为常见的转折，我们可以从“是否可以直接去掉?是否可以改为插入语等句子成分?是否可以改为更为紧凑的从句?是否有其他替换表达?”这个方面进行思考。
但应该指出，应该建立在“自己有把握判断原句与改进后句子的风格与质量”的基础上进行。有时候，不一定改的就比原句更好，短的不一定就更简洁。
托福写作解析 常犯的6个语法错误
1、托福写作比较对象的对等
在比较结构中，注意前后比较事物要对等。常用that和those来指代“比较结构”里先前提到的名词。
比如：The merits of serious movies far outweigh funny movies.
应改为：The merits of serious movies far outweigh those of funny movies.(those指代的是前半句的比较对象merits)
2、托福写作句子不完整
不完整句子指的是句子当中缺少主语或谓语等，无法形成一个完整的句子。
比如：A movie that inspires deep emotions.(只有名词加定语从句，不是完整的句子)
应改为：She went to see “The Silver Star”, a movie that inspires deep emotions.
3、托福写作句子不间断
不间断句子指的是用逗号来连接两个完整的句子。
比如：There is increasingly widespread reliance on electronic mail, some people still resist using it, especially those who prefer handwritten letters.
应改为：Although there is increasingly widespread reliance on electronic mail, some people still resist using it, especially those who prefer handwritten letters.(根据两句之间的关系，加入连词)
4、托福写作句子主谓不一致
主谓不一致指的是句子中主语与谓语没有保持数的一致。
比如：Many students thinks tomorrow is a holiday.
应改为：Many students think tomorrow is a holiday.
再比如：The use of cell phones during concerts are not allowed.
应改为：The use of cell phones during concerts is not allowed.
5、托福写作可数名词完整
可数名词“裸奔”指的是可数名词之前没有冠词，也没有变为复数形式。
比如：Even expert or scholar specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.
应改为：Even experts or scholars specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.(可数名词变复数形式)
6、托福写作but和however用法
but和however都表示转折，但是but是连词，而however是副词，也就是说however是不能来连接两个独立分句的。
比如：Printed books are limited in space, however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.
应改为：Printed books are limited in space. However, space is not an issue for electronic ones. (用句号将原句分成两个独立分句)
托福写作模板 4大开篇方法教你如何起头
一、可以先表明自己的立场，再阐述原因
Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies， but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.
Contrary to the statement’s premise， my view is that businesses are less likely than government to establish large bureaucracies， because businesses know that they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting from bureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.
二、比较新颖、有创意的开头
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change， many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker， not to government or to business.
As a saying goes， “God helps those help themselves”， which is true in most cases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by the technological and market changes are concerned， I believe the government and the business certainly have an unshakable responsibility to take.
三、可以适当的复述一下题目，然后稍作让步，再表达自己的观点和立场
“Work greatly influences people’s personal lives—their special interests， their leisure activities， even their appearance way from the work place.”
The speaker claims that our jobs greatly influence our personal interests， recreational activities and even appearance. While I agree that the personal lives of some people are largely determined by their work， in my view it would be a mistake to draw this conclusion generally. In my observation， the extent to which occupation influences personal life depends on the nature of the work， and how central the work is to one’s sense of self.
“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we are influenced by the exterior shape of buildings， as well as by the arrangement of multiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aesthetic elements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits， I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes， moods， and even life styles.
四、新托福写作可以以提问方式开头，阐述自己的观点，再表明自己的立场
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change， many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker， not to government or to business.”
As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete， who is responsible for helping displaced workers adjustWhile individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work， both industry and government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.
篇8：托福独立写作话题太生僻怎么展开
托福独立写作话题太生僻怎么展开?审题破题实用技巧实例精讲
托福独立写作冷门话题破题技巧实例讲解
题目：现代生活中制作食物更容易，人们的生活质量也因此提高。你是否同意这种观点?
破题思路分析：
1. 要与论题相匹配
论题问的既然是提高生活质量与否，一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用，比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变，是事实，且未对生活质量有直接明显影响，就应该避免用作主要论点。
2. 要能言之有物
这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，破题时觉得不无可能，真落笔时却不知道由何说起，如果选了这一条为一个主要论点，结果是我说了一句话就走人，那还不如选个能下笔，能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。
3. 选择的无论是2个还是3个论点，内在一定要有联系
这其实是整个立意阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。
如何整理行文思路?
托福写作破题结束后，第二要做的重要事项便是整理行文思路。破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让他们按照自认为最有说服力的顺序排列好，准备落于纸上的过程。这个说服力的强弱，应该以什么标准判断呢-笔者认为，能说服读者的议论，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉，但要符合一条明线：支持全文观点。而最打动读者的论点选择，不仅遵循上面的原则，三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。令全文浑然天成，回味无穷。
立意的地一步，按照上面的原则看，当然是先确定观点。以题目为例，笔者愿意选择否，食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。第一步踏出去了。
确定观点后，破题时得到的思维方向，明显不利于我的就应该排除。比如营养价值改变这一条，虽然速食文化的确对人体有害，但另一项速食：生疏和熟粗粮，就是向有益方向改变的，两者势均力敌，仅管是很容易想到，也很容易举例论证的论点，却不宜使用，因为如此贸然用了，有思维不缜密之嫌。然而，这毕竟是一块好啃的骨头，如果其他论点都不好论证，还可以回头捡起这一条来，隐去健康速食那个事实进行作文，当然，这依然是下下之选。
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：Which is more important, book knowledge or experience?
托福写作难点话题一览
Which is more important, book knowledge or experience?
It has been said, ”Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
写作思路展开结构分析
大家要注意这道题目两种做法都有很多内容可以说，所以一定要先进行比较，如果选择从书本中获取的知识角度来写，那么这种方式的优点是了解的知识类型题材、范围更多、学习内容更有深度更加系统化。缺点是书本上的知识有时过于教条、也不见得完全准确。如果大家选择从实践中获取知识，那么优点是获取直接、简单明了、更具实用性、同时有些知识无法从书本中获得只能靠实践来积累。从缺点展开，则可以说这种获取知识的方式缺乏体系，有很大的随意性，很容易让学习者产生片面理解。另外，老师不建议大家为了树立一个观点拼命踩另一个观点，也就是不一定要说A比B更重要，或者B比A更重要。大家可以选择在不同的情况下进行不同的比较，比如学习抽象知识，书本是最好的来源。学习游泳，这只能靠经验。另外，大多数的知识要书本经验相结合才可以。大家还可以从知识所属的科目来展开，有些科目或者知识适合通过实践学习，比如，语言，体育;有些科目或者知识适合通过阅读学习，比如，物理、化学、历史、地理;还有些科目或者知识适合通过与别人交流来学习，比如销售技巧;管理技巧。总之尽量避免一概而论(treat different things/problems/matters] as the same)，要看学什么，以及学习的阶段。
本话题高分范文赏析
In general, knowledge gained from books has a wider range than that gained from experience. We now live in a world that typophile is no longer overpriced, and that printed matters are readily available. In libraries, we can learn nearly everything only if we have already acquired basic reading skills, philosophy, history, literature, physics, mathematics, chemicals, biology, geography, anthropology, and the list will go on. Unlike the experience of an individual that is limited by the range of that individual, books seem to have almost no limitation. Sitting in the local library, we virtually can travel everywhere through an interesting geographic encyclopedia, and certainly, with nearly no expense at all.
On the other hand, it can be argued that sometimes knowledge gained from experience is much deeper and more comprehensive than that gained from books. It is quite true that not every thing is contained in books. How to deal with personal finance, how to cope with current social trends, even how to most effectively organize our own mind, and numerous other things can seldom be found thoroughly and comprehensively discussed in books, we have to gain the knowledge by our own experience. And the sad news is that even some knowledge that is contained in books usually needs further comprehension, mainly through experience. As to which source is more important, the answers vary. Some knowledge can be acquired only through books. It's hard to imagine we can have a good understanding of history without reading books. On the other hand, some knowledge can be obtained only through experience. When we try to learn to swim, merely a detailed manual of swimming skills, even abundantly filled with illustrations, is at most useless. We have to jump into the water and then gain the knowledge with experience. We have to use books and experience as source simultaneously to get what we want to know. Take learning physics for example, both books and experiences are equally important sources, and examples as such are numerous.
Therefore, I think whether one source is more important than the other depends on circumstances.
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：new factory near your community
托福写作难点话题一览
The advantages and disadvantages of a new factory near your community.
A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.
写作思路展开结构分析
大家可以先讨论“假设工厂真的落成了，而带来的好处和坏处”，而后发表看法。从好处来说，考生可以写直接增加了就业机会(到工厂去上班);间接增加了就业机会(会有很多服务业，比如饭店、商店、超市等等跟着开业)。如果工厂规模足够大，物流规模也足够大，那么将最终成为交通改善的起点。另外大的工厂可以缴纳很多税，对地方财政有好处，进而促进社区的繁荣等等。从坏处来写，大家则可以写会带来各种污染，比如，噪音、废气、污水，或是工厂不一定会赢利对社区起不到促进作用等等。
本话题高分范文赏析
I live in a primarily agricultural community, and most of the population lives hand to mouth. Parents keep children home from school to work in the fields. If there is a flood or a drought, people starve. A new factory would mean regular monthly salaries as well as protection against natural disasters or a sudden drop in the price of our main agricultural product, say, corn. Regular salaries would allow families the confidence to make investments in their futures. The locals would be able to plan their finances accurately and free themselves from debt. This in turn would encourage entrepreneurship and further develop the local economy. People could begin to open shops, restaurants, dormitories, and entertainment facilities to serve the factory workers with their savings. Profits from these small enterprises would further enrich the local community and turn our relatively poor farmland into a truly profitable development zone. Perhaps more parents could then afford to send all of their children to high school and maybe even college. There would certainly be negative effects as well. If the area becomes prosperous, immigrants from poorer regions will come here looking for work. Because of their relative poverty they will work harder for less money than the locals and drive wages down. There might be more immigrants than factory jobs available, leading to an unemployment crisis with a rising crime rate as a potential negative side effect. On the other hand, the proposed factory would almost certainly have adverse effects on the local environment, particularly in regards to polluting the water. This is perhaps the most serious concern, because without clean water the area cannot sustain life of any kind, com, livestock, or human. However, because of the relatively desperate economic situation of my hometown, I believe the potential benefits of opening a new factory would outweigh the risks. If we take the proper precautions, such as imposing strict environmental standards and providing adequate social services for immigrants, the whole area stands to benefit.
【托福独立写作中如何展开例证段落】相关文章：
文档为doc格式
