托福阅读逻辑推理题3个高效解题思路实例精讲
“胡荼荼C”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了7篇托福阅读逻辑推理题3个高效解题思路实例精讲，以下是小编帮大家整理后的托福阅读逻辑推理题3个高效解题思路实例精讲，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：托福阅读逻辑推理题3个高效解题思路实例精讲
什么是托福阅读推理题?
推断题就是所需要的信息都包含在文章中，但是没有直接加以说明，需要考生从已知中推出。推理题的题干中常出现infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等词语。根据OG， 在IBT 阅读的3篇文章中，每篇会有0-2道这类问题，一次考试总共有3-4道推理题。
托福阅读推理题如何分类?
这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点，采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。
篇2：托福阅读逻辑推理题3个高效解题思路实例精讲
1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。
2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理 ：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：
例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involve d in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.
What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?
(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.
(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.
(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.
(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.
文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。
做好托福阅读推理题需注意这些细节
1.日期和数字
2.关键词： 表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previous ly ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。
总之，文中的关键词，观点，逻辑和平时的基本常识是解决这类问题的关键。
托福阅读：比较级的“陷阱”
Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer's diet. Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.
It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter conditions
A. Cause some deer to hibernate
B. Make food unavailable in the highlands for deer
C. Make it easier for deer to locate understory plants
D. Prevent deer from migrating during the winter
解题思路：这是一道推断题，那么根据题干中winter condition我们可以去原文中找到相关线索。然而这里并没有出现一模一样的定位词，所以我们需要找到表达相同概念的意群(同义替换)，比如：late fall 深秋/初冬，snow雪。这些词都和winter condition传达了一样的概念。所以我们可以发现，答案应该就出现在最后两句话里：
Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.
有些聪明的宝宝发现后面有个even表示让步转折，老师敲黑板说过：“有转折的地方一定是重点，会出题!”这句话的意思是：尽管地上有雪，高高的灌木层依然暴露在外面。
看到这里，很多宝宝应该知道答案就是C：冬季条件让鹿更容易找到灌木层。如果你选了C，很抱歉，你掉进坑里了，C是迷惑性选项，正确答案应该是B。
下面就让我们一起看看，在中文和英语中表达比较的差异性。
ETS作为一个非营利性机构(Welcome To Facebook!)，出一套托福试题的成本大概是80万美元，目前中国的报名费更是以每月50的幅度上涨。很多宝宝不理解，为何成本要这么高?钱都花在哪里了?
对于阅读来说，钱基本都花在出迷惑性选项上了。每一个选项都是ETS精雕细琢出来的，他们非常了解其他国家学生的语言习惯，以及在学习英语中会遇到的误区，其中英语和中文在表达比较方面，有很大的差异。
上面的表格中我列举了一些重要的中英表达比较的不同，其他还有很多我就不多做赘述了。
聪明的宝宝们应该发现了，在表达的过程中，中文的语言习惯往往重心在后面，强调结果，而英文则是逻辑性更强，着重于整个句型结构。换句话讲，英语里的比较级更加直观，中文的比较级相对没那么明显。比如我说：“小明你变这么瘦呀~”，小明此时脑子里只有一个概念：我在说他瘦。然而他却忽略的我暗示他之前比现在胖的这个重点。ETS就抓住了我们这一语言习惯，经常在这里出迷惑性选项。
那么我们回到刚才那一题：
Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.
It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter conditions
A. Cause some deer to hibernate
B. Make food unavailable in the highlands for deer
C. Make it easier for deer to locate understory plants
D. Prevent deer from migrating during the winter
C选项翻译成中文是冬季条件让鹿更容易找到灌木层。很多宝宝都会把英文翻译成中文理解，那么按照我们的语言习惯，此时我们会忽略选项前方的很重要的比较级，而把关注点放在后面的找到灌木丛，因此很多人就选择了C选项。
那么该如何规避这个习惯呢?
1. 培养对英文语言的比较级的敏感度，如果你全身都不敏感，那么建议宝宝们每次看题之前先找找看选项有没有比较级，然后回原文确定。
2. 只要发现比较级，立刻确定三件事：
a.比较的主体(谁和谁比)
b.比较的内容(他俩比的是啥)
c.比较的结果(他俩比的怎么样)
看起来很简单的思路，但是很多宝宝做题时会忘记，所以希望各位一定记住这个框架结构。
再次回到刚才那道题，我们仔细看C选项 ：Make it easier for deer to locate understory plants。首先需要先找到主体：谁和谁在比较....... 我们会惊人的发现，原来文章里根本没有比较，所以C是完完全全的错误选项。可是如果选项改成Make it easy for deer to locate understory plants，那么这个选项就对了。
理解了这个考点之后，我们再一起来做一个简单的题吧(微笑)：
Throughout most of Earth's history, glaciers did not exist, but at the present time about 10 percent of Earth's land surface is covered by glaciers. Present-day glaciers are found in Antarctica, in Greenland, and at high elevations on all the continents except Australia. In the recent past, from about 2.4 million to about 10,000 years ago, nearly a third of Earth's land area was periodically covered by ice thousands of meters thick. In the much more distant past, other ice ages have occurred.
According to paragraph 5, in what way is the present time unusual in the history of Earth?
A. There are glaciers.
B. More land is covered by glaciers than at any time in the past.
C. There is no ice age.
D. No glaciers are found in Australia.
这一题答案就是我英文名的首字母啦，看看你有没有选对?如果实在无法理解这一题，欢迎随时联系我。最后希望各位宝宝们加油背单词，再送给大家一句话：
The most proud thing is to DIE in the glory of battle against TOEFL!
托福阅读：如何选择合适的英文原著
在阅读考试中能力更为重要?
很多刚来新东方上课的同学总有一个梦想，就是希望我们老师可以传授他一套神秘的做题技巧，学到之后就可以在单词不认识，句子看不懂的情况下答对题目。所以当我第一节课想跟学生分析长难句时，有的同学就有点小失望，说自己考试很急，希望可以直接先学做题套路，这时候我就要跟他讲道理了。我说，这就好像我有一本射雕英雄传里的九阴真经，要是拿出来直接给你练，你啥内功也没有，相信我，你一定会走火入魔练成神经病的，郭靖之所以可以练，是因为他学会了全真教正确的呼吸吐纳练内功的方法，并且已经有很深厚的内功积累了，再练各种真经，就是锦上添花迅速进步了。
所以说，我们想要提高阅读考试的成绩，最根本的还是提高自己的阅读能力，这里的能力包括积累一定的词汇量，掌握分析各种长难句分析的方法，通俗的讲，就是要真的能看懂题目看懂文章，这样的话，最后再学个做题套路，基本就是稳稳的高分了。我印象特别深的就是几年前带过的一个冲刺班，班里五个同学，程度都不错，就是我所说的能够看懂文章的同学，所以在学完课程后，五个同学中有四个轻松考到了28，29，29，30这样的分数，我没有花太多额外的力气，他们也没有特别痛苦，就拿到了理想的分数。而一些基础特别弱的同学，词汇量不够，句子看不懂，就吃力多了，哪怕学会了所有技巧，依旧很可能在个位数徘徊，分数由天定，看当天考试运气。而从个位数冲两位数就无论如何逃不掉能力积累的过程了。因此，哪怕是应试，我也是非常不赞成临时抱佛脚的，功夫一定是下在前面的，这也是为什么我希望大家可以尽早的开始积累，开始阅读。
为什么希望大家不仅要阅读，
还要把阅读变成习惯?
阅读能力的培养主要是词汇积累和长难句的理解分析，我个人觉得，又有效又有趣的学习积累方法，就是原文书的阅读了。首先原文书的阅读对提高词汇量非常有帮助。大家应该都有背厚厚的词汇书的体验，背到把单词的位置都记下来了，但偏偏单词出现在文章里又想不起来意思。这是因为大家在背单词时，总是习惯只看离单词最近的中文释义，懒得去研究单词的语境，如果碰到记忆过的很熟悉的单词就更不会去琢磨这个单词真正的含义了，导致的结果就是碰到语境无法产生条件反射，碰到词汇题各种栽更头，可以给大家举一个TPO24的词汇题的例子：
gain 大家都认识的，获得，有同学就觉得很奇怪了，选项没有一个翻译出来是“获得”的意思，想要去上下文推断，这其实是不对的，我们要思考的应该是什么叫“获得”，以及gain 这个词一般出现在怎样的语境里面。如果你看到过这样的语境，说：某人最近吃的特别多，然后gain weight了，我想这个词汇题就完全难不倒你了，因为你知道这里的获得重量就是增重的意思，是lose weight的反义词。那刚刚的词汇题就肯定毫不犹豫选increases了。养成阅读习惯的好处，就是加强词汇在语境中意思的记忆，带着语境认识的单词才是你真正认识，真正理解的单词，同时，读文章过程中反复遇到单词，就是一遍遍加深记忆的过程，词汇记忆的奥义就是重复，反复记忆，阅读提供了这样的机会。
除了对单词积累的帮助，多看句子肯定是可以加强语感的，反复阅读反复练习长难句理解的方法，从看不大懂，到有点看懂，到可以慢慢看懂，最后可以熟练看懂，就是阅读能力最大的成长了。当然，光心血来潮读几天是没有用的，读书讲求坚持，一开始会比较痛苦，但如果可以坚持看完一本书的10%，接下来会越来越轻松，会沉浸到作者的世界里，会获得成就感。这时，你便有能力拥有一个世界上最经济的兴趣爱好了——阅读。
如何挑选适合自己阅读水平的原文书
最后，关于怎样挑选合适自己阅读的英文书。首先大家要知道英语书分为小说类和非小说类，其中小说的难度往往是大于非小说的，而托福考试因为是语言类考试，选取的是相对语言难度低一些的非小说类的学术文章，而像SAT和ACT这样的考试，就会涉及到小说类文章。备考托福的同学，可以优先选择非小说类文章，而之后还要备考SAT或ACT考试的同学就可以循序渐进到小说类文章的阅读了。
选择适合自己的阅读材料要遵循三个原则：一是要感兴趣，二是要有质量保证，三是要难度适中。英文阅读本身就是一件有挑战的事儿，如果文章话题再让人提不起兴趣，那谁都很难坚持下去。比如，有的同学对世界政治、经济等话题很感兴趣，可以选择坚持阅读《经济学人》，有的同学喜欢有点小文艺的文章，可以读读《纽约客》，如果有同学不仅备考托福，还要备考SAT，经典小说也是不错的选择。还有同学如果真的对这些都不感冒，任何有点兴趣的原文书都是可以的，哈利波特可以，____都可以，总比不读书强。
当然一定要保证阅读材料的质量。千万不要选择网上没有可靠来源的文章，而要选择正规出版物，以免受到误导。 最后，寻找难度适中的读物。刚刚我已经给大家推荐了一个阅读能力测评网站，大家的蓝思指数可以在ReadingPro官网通过阅读测试获得。下面就告诉大家原文书的蓝思指数在哪里，除了刚刚的ReadingPro官网也有不少读物的蓝思指数，更多更权威的原文书原文材料的蓝思指数是可以在蓝思官网www.lexile.com查询得到的，二者之间进行匹配就可以找到难度适中的读物了。比如我的蓝思指数是1600，那我就可以选择蓝思指数在1500-1650之间的书本进行阅读了。
有了合适的阅读材料，我们就要选择适合自己的阅读方式了。现在的阅读渠道比较多，除了纸质书，还可以从网页上，手机App上和Kindle上进行阅读。我个人比较推荐的是纸质书和Kindle。网页和手机比较容易让人在阅读时分心，同时屏幕对眼睛也不是特别好，不推荐使用。如果实在客观条件只允许使用电脑网页的话，可以选择依旧在ReadingPro的平台上阅读，他的优势是界面比较友好，有大量免费的经典文学名著和分级读物可供大家在网页上进行阅读，平台还自带查词功能。我个人最喜欢的是Kindle, 电子油墨屏跟纸张感觉很像，看久了也不会累，而且现在Kindle格式的书本网上资源非常多，大家只要百度书名.mobi就可以搜到Kindle上可以阅读的书本了。
托福阅读：我们都是柯南，详解推断题
推断题，顾名思义，就是要做一定的推理，于是，同学们沸腾了，推理啊!谁不会啊!毛利小五郎上身!神探夏洛克附体!我就是柯南!五花八门，无奇不有，无孔不入，似乎每个选项都很有道理!于是，陷入死循环，等到再遇到这样的题型，只能凭感觉，看到哪个选项顺眼，就选择哪个选项。然后，你就错了。
那么，今天我们从一个最简单的角度来攻破推断题，即反向推理。
反向推理，指当事物A和事物B特征相反，现在已知事物A特征，问B特征时，那么B等于A的反向特征。而其中，最为明显的在于时间前后的推理。我们先看一道非常简单的真题。
【Paragraph 1】The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture—of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy. During periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. “Old America seemed to be breaking up and moving westward,” observed an English visitor in 1817,during the first great wave of migration. Emigration to the West reached a peak in the 1830's. Whereas in 1810 only a seventh of the American people lived west of the Appalachian Mountains, by 1840 more than a third lived there.
1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
A.They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.
B. They were able to sell their produce at high prices.
C. They had not been successful in raising cattle.
D. They did not operate in a national market economy.
本题中有非常明显的信息可以帮助我们定位，即年份数字“1815”，定位到原文After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy. 在18之后，改进的交通方式使得越来越多的西部弄明逃开了自给自足的生活方式，进入了国家市场经济。这是讲在1815年之后的事情，而题干中问的是“prior to 1815”，即在1815年之前，那么根据反向推理原理，直接对1815年之后的事情取反，即“在1815年之前，交通方式还未改进，人们是自给自足的生活方式，还未进入国家市场经济”，直接对应D选项。所以本题选择D选项。
在托福阅读考试当中，时间上的反向推理题还有很多很多，难度也可能会更高，比如，我们再来一道题。
【Paragraph 1】It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 million years ago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth and produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall of biodiversity. Since the Cambrian period, biodiversity has generally risen, but there have been some notable exceptions. Biodiversity collapsed dramatically during at least five periods because of mass extinctions around the globe. The five major mass extinctions receive most of the attention, but they are only one end of a spectrum of extinction events. Collectively, more species went extinct during smaller events that were less dramatic but more frequent. The best known of the five major extinction events, the one that saw the demise of the dinosaurs, is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction.
2. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about life on Earth before the Cambrian period?
A. Biodiversity levels were steady, as indicated by the fossil record.
B. Levels of biodiversity could not be tracked.
C. The most dramatic extinction episode occurred.
D. Few microscopic species existed.
本题中我们可以根据专业词汇“Cambrian period”定位到It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 million years ago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth and produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall of biodiversity. 直到六亿年前的寒武纪时期，肉眼可见的生物才在地球上大量出现并产生可以让我们了解物种多样性兴衰的化石。可是题干中用的是“before the Cambrian period”，即寒武纪之前，那么只要将原文中寒武纪之后的内容取反，即“在寒武纪之前，肉眼可见的生物还没有大量出现，我们还不能了解物种的多样性”，对应B选项。
所以，当问题或原句信息中出现了明确的在某种时间前后发生的事件时，大家要注意作者已经在给出一定的提示了，我们可以通过前后的信息进行推断。
从这个角度看来，其实，阅读的推断题，很可爱对吗?只要我们了解它的出题原理和作者的出题意图，明确原文中句子间的逻辑关系，其实推断题并不是为难广大考生的绊脚石，而是帮助我们取得阅读高分、提升阅读理解能力的好工具!
篇3：托福阅读推理题解题思路
托福阅读之推理题备考方法
一、 推理题的标志
推理题的题干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等词，分为有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题两大类。
二、 推理题的做法
对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索的，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。
对于有共性的推理题，也就是题干中有线索的，建议考生可以先圈定题干中的关键词，根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。推理题主要有下列思路：
1. 一般对比推理
ETS设计推理题的手段不多，根据两个事物的对比特征出题是其中之一。问其中一个事物的特征时，只要将与之形成对比的另一个事物的特征否定掉就可以了。
例如：
It should be obvious that cetaceans, whales, porpoises, and dolphins are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.
B. There were great numbers of them.
C. They lived in the sea only.
D. They did not leave many fossil remains.
2. 时间对比推理
这种思路常被考到。在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
例：
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….
…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
(A) families were larger.
(B) population statistics were unreliable.
(C) the population grew steadily.
(D) economic conditions were bad.
3.集合概念推理
集合概念推理也可以称之为百分比推断，它指的是在一个集合中，包含两个相对的方面，共同构成一个大的集合。一方所占的比例减少意味着另一方所占比例的增加;反之，一方所占的比例增加意味着另一方所占比例的减少。根据这一思路，可以由集合中一方的数量变化推断另一方的消减。
例：
A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. …Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada….
By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing.
What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?
(A) They value folk cultures.
(B) They have no social classes.
(C) They have popular cultures.
(D) They do not value individualism.
以上就是托福阅读推理题的做法，大家可以根据题干标志圈定托福阅读推理题的范围，然后运用本文中的技巧，一举搞定推理题!
托福阅读：浅谈推理题中的类比逻辑关系
很多同学最近一直和我抱怨，托福阅读中的推理题好难啊，很多题目的正确选项在文中都找不到，说好的忠于原文，说好的不用多想，不用为作者分忧解难呢?这时候我会偷笑，因为你们碰到的是细节题的升级版本—─推理题!我们平时在阅读教学中一直和同学强调，阅读要忠于原文，不要大开脑洞，所有答案均出现在原文中。唯独有一种题目即推理题，需要学生不仅在文中找到相关依据，还要根据这个依据走一步推理的过程，才能得出答案。
今天就想和大家分享一下阅读推理题中涉及到的一种逻辑推理关系 — 类比关系，此类逻辑关系一般出现在对比类的文段中。即文章中出现A,B两个比较对象， A与B有相同特征，于是我们可以根据A的特证来推断B也有相同的特征。举个例子：像小明一样，小红爱吃西瓜，于是乎我们可以从这句话里推断出不仅小红爱吃西瓜，小明也爱吃。接下去，我们就来看看这种逻辑关系在推理题中的应用。
Paragraph 1: When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.
What can be inferred about whales from paragraph 1?
A . They are considered by some to be reptiles.
B. Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.
C .They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.
D .They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.
这道题目，题干问我们根据第二段的内容我们可以对鲸鱼作出何种推断，于是乎我们根据解题技巧快速回到文中搜索定位词whales, 找到以下这句话 ”the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle.” 这句话告诉我们leatherback turtle更像爬行的whales, 虽然此句没有直接提到whales的特征，但我们可以根据刚刚提到的类比关系做一步逻辑推断啊。既然leatherback turtle很像whales, 那么leatherback turtle的特征也应该就是whales的特征，因此我们只要找到leatherback turtle的描述信息即可发现whales的特征。原文最后一句话提到， leatherback turtle会游到寒冷的南北海洋并且有特殊的处理冰水的能力。于是乎我们可以得出whales也有相同特征。答案对应B选项。
再来看一道稍难的题目吧
Buck rubs also have a scent. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication. Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. The presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.
What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the trumpeting of bull elk?
A.Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to other members of their species.
B.Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to covey information about their identity.
C.Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in their vicinity.
D.Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area than buck rubs do.
此题问我们，根据第四段我们可以对trumpeting of bull elk做出怎样的推断。根据关键词trumpeting of bull elk我们快速找到原文最后一个单词。既然是出现在文章的最后位置，那我们只好去往前推了。而前句又提到了一个我们非常熟悉的逻辑关系—─类比关系。来看这句话 The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.这句话告诉我们buck rub发出的olfactory signal和trumpeting of bull elk发出的auditory signal有相同的社会作用。根据前文我们知道buck rub可以反映年长雄鹿在鹿群里的社会地位。于是乎我们便可以做进一步推理，即trumpeting of bull elk也应该有相似地功能。
我想，只要我们的同学能够熟练掌握这种逻辑推理方法，将来一定可以避免在做这类推理题时常常出现的无从下手的困境。
托福阅读：推断题的解题方法
你还在害怕做推断题吗?
调查：你认为哪种题目最难
托福阅读中的推断题一直是考生心理的阴影和恐惧，尤其是“推断”两个字，瞬间会让大家联想到柯南, 福尔摩斯之类带有悬疑色彩的东西。据对所带的学生进行的调查，提到哪种阅读题型最难做，将近50%的学生把票投给了推断题。
毋庸置疑，推断题一定有一定的难度所在，这点我们从托福考试官方指南(og)的改变上就可发现一些端倪。第三版og上，推断题的考查数量为0-2题，第四版og已经增加到1-3题，ets的用(yin)意(mou)所在可见一斑。
那么，我们改如何应对推断题呢?推断题真的像我们想象的这么难么?
今天我们一起来从考查形式上来解刨一下推断题。
题干特征：推断题的题干经常会出现infer,suggest,imply, indicate这类单词
考查形式主要分为两大类：对比推断和细节推断，而后者出现的几率更大。
考查形式一：对比推断
A时间对比：一般有两个形成对比的时间点，它们所具有的特征一般相反。如：原文会出现before1990的信息，而题目会问after 1990的信息?
解决方案：收集问题对应的时间点的信息，然后取反。
注意原文中出现的表示时间节点的词 before, after, not…until…
例题
The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture-of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. “Old America seemed to be breaking up and moving westward,” observed an English visitor in 1817, during the first great wave of migration. Emigration to the west reached a peak in the 1830’s, whereas in 1810 only a seventy of the American people lived west of the Appalachian mountains, by 1840 more than a third lived there.
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
○They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.
○They were able to sell their produce at high prices.
○They had not been successful in raising cattle.
○They did not operate in a national market economy.
答案D
对应关键句：After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.
B直接对比：两个或多个事物的特征——如原文会出现A的特点，然后会有B和A相比较的信息，然后题目问B的特点?
解决方案：收集题干所问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的全部信息(一般为上述的B)，然后在原文所描述的与之相关的信息(一般为上述的A)的基础之上取反。
注意原文中出现的表示对比的关系词：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas,on the contrary, in comparison to, distinct from, different from等词。
例题
Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like
○There were great numbers of them.
○They lived in the sea only.
○They did not leave many fossil remains.
答案A
对应关键句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
考查形式二：细节推断
考查细节判断，事物的特点，属性等。
解决方案：收集题干所提问的推断对象(about后面的信息一般为推断对象)的所有信息。如果推断对象所涉及的信息比较多，难以抓到重点，则逐个选项进行定位筛选。
例题
Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?
○It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.
○It prevents most groundwater from circulating.
○It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.
○It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.
答案C
AThere it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.
BBy far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle.
C At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.
DOrdinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.
综上所述，推断题并没有我们想象的那么晦涩。它仍然是关注细节层面的题目，主要考查考生收集和题目相关的信息和梳理这些信息的能力。我们需要做到：
1把题干提问的推断对象的信息收集完全，并理解到位。
2记住所看即所得，不要过分推断，不要脑补。
3任何文章中出现的信息都有可能考查推断，所以不要忽略任何一个细节。
篇4：托福阅读推理题3大解题思路实例讲解
1、一般对比推理
根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。
2、时间对比推理
在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理
一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：
例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.
What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?
(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.
(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.
(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.
(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.
文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。
解答托福阅读推理题需要注意的信息点
1.日期和数字。
2.关键词： 表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。
托福阅读考试练习题目解析:欧洲饮食演变
A卷
Passage 2
托福阅读考试练习题目难度分析
偏难
托福阅读考试大致内容
欧洲某时期diet的演变。讲穷人吃不起肉，只能吃beans等一些当季蔬菜，因为这些蔬菜在某些季节没有所以nutrients跟不上，因此得病，后来美国的营养价值高的potato来了，他们有了生存的食物，并且还替代了Grains.
托福阅读考试练习题目解析:恐龙灭绝原因
A卷
Passage 1
托福阅读考试练习题目难度分析
适中
托福阅读考试练习题目大致内容
生物：关于恐龙灭绝的原因。与TPO一篇有重叠内容，所以讲的知识点是比较熟悉的，就是因为Irodium的存在确定恐龙灭绝和陨石撞地球有关系。但文章内容主要讲的是其灭绝的主要原因以及论据。
托福阅读考试练习题目难点解析
托福阅读考试练习题目难点解析一：题型——注重解题方法
托福阅读10种题型，除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时如果托福词汇不足怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了。
比如：
The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832]，hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.
这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted… 这个状语，而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。
遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词，举例信号词等，浏览每段的主题句。
再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几，二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对复杂。
在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?
一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行练习时，做题虽不可或缺，但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。
托福阅读考试练习题目难点解析二：主题——增加背景知识
有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。
若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定TPO套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。
除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。
篇5：托福阅读推理题题型介绍和解题思路实例讲解
1、时间对比推理
在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
2、集合概念推理
一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。
3、一般对比推理
在文章中介绍事物1的特征，并给出了事物1、2的特征对比，然后问事物2的特征，解答题目时只要将事物1的特征否定掉就可以。
篇6：托福阅读推理题题型介绍和解题思路实例讲解
遇到这类题型，考生先不要盲目看选项，而要有个大致的解题思路。题干中一般给出关键词A，学生根据题目出现位置对应到段落，找到关键词所在句子;然后根据内容依据以上说明判断题目属于三种推理类型的哪一种;最后根据类型对应的解题方法答题。
实例解析
The story of the westward movement of population in the US is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815, improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
A. They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.
B. They were able to sell their produce at high prices
C. They had not been successful in raising cattle.
D. They did not operate in a national market economy.
思路分析
根据题干关键词western farmers prior to 1815定位(重点关注年代)，可以看到关于“After 1815”的信息，这里就可以猜测解题用到时间对比。只要把18之后的内容看懂了，并且在这个内容前面加not即可。文中说到，改善的交通使得越来越多的西部农民摆脱了自给自足的生活，并且进入了国家性的市场经济，那个时候货物的价格很多，所以向西迁移的速率也大幅增长。所以选项D是正确的。
托福阅读背景材料之性格决定魅力
If you exhibit positive traits such as honesty and helpfulness， the chances are that you will be perceived as a good looking person， for a new study has found that the perception of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person's personality.
The study， led by Gary W. Lewandowski， Jr， found that people who exhibit negative traits， such as unfairness and rudeness， appear to be less physically attractive to observers.
In the study， the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information on personality traits.
After personality information was received， participants also rated the desirability of each individual as a friend and as a dating partner.
Information on personality was found to significantly alter perceived desirability， showing that cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness.
“Perceiving a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind，” said Lewandowski.
The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater desirability as a friend， which leads to greater desirability as a romantic partner and， ultimately， to being viewed as more physically attractive.
The findings remained consistent regardless of how “attractive” the individual was initially perceived to be， or of the participants' current relationship status or commitment level with a partner.
What would you think of this lady's physical attractiveness if she exhibited bad personal traits?
“This research provides a more positive alternative by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people's impressions of how good looking you are，” said Lewandowski.
如果你表现出诚实和乐于助人等美好品质，那么别人会觉得你的外表也很迷人。一项最新研究发现，一个人的性格会影响别人对他或她的外表吸引力的看法。
该项由盖里?W?勒万多维斯基负责的研究发现，人们认为，表现出不诚实和粗鲁等恶劣品质的人外表也不够吸引人。
研究对象首先观看了一组异性的照片，随后分别在得知照片中人物的性格特点之前和之后给他们的外表评分。
研究对象在得知照片中人物的性格特点后，还对与其中每个人交朋友或做恋人的期望值进行了评分。
研究人员发现，有关人物性格特点的信息大大改变了之前的喜好度评分，研究对象的认知过程改变了他们对照片中人物外表的评价。
勒万多维斯基说：“总的来说，如果人们认为一个人的性格较好，那么他们会觉得无论与这个人做朋友还是做恋人都更合适。”
研究结果表明，人们更期望与性格较好的人交朋友、成为恋人，从而会认为他们的外表更迷人。
无论照片中人物给人的“第一印象”怎样、或者研究对象目前的情感关系状况以及与伴侣的亲密程度如何，研究结果都是一致的。
勒万多维斯基说：“该研究提出了一个更为积极的观点，它提醒人们，性格在很大程度上能决定你的吸引力;性格甚至能够改变人们对于你外表的印象。”
大量的托福阅读背景知识积累对于托福阅读非常有帮助，不管是英文原版还是中文翻译版，同学们都可以大量去阅读，熟悉内容即可。
托福阅读背景知识之水烟的危害
World health experts warned Thursday that smoking water pipes, long popular in the Middle East and North Africa and with a growing fan base elsewhere, can be more harmful than cigarettes.
世界卫生专家近期警告称， 在中东和北非盛行的水烟危害程度可能比香烟更大，全球其他地区也有越来越多的水烟爱好者。
“A single puff from a water pipe is nearly equal to the volume of smoke inhaled from an entire cigarette,” said The Tobacco Atlas launched at the World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Abu Dhabi.
在阿布扎比的世界烟草或健康大会上推出的世界烟草图册显示;“从水烟管吸入一口的烟量几乎等于吸入一整只香烟的量。”
And World Health Organization tobacco expert Edouard Tursan d'Espaignet said ”one session of shisha (water pipe) can be equal to smoking 20 to 30 cigarettes in one go, which can be very dangerous.“
世界卫生组织烟草专家爱德华·图尔桑·艾斯帕内特说“吸食一次什莎(水烟)的量可能等于一口气吸食20到30只香烟的量，这是很危险的。”
The water pipe, variously known as a hubbly-bubbly, hookah, shisha or nargileh, has become a major worry for anti-tobacco campaigners as its is popularised across university campuses, overlooked by regulators.
水烟的叫法五花八门，如 hubbly-bubbly，hookah，shisha或者nargileh，而因为其在大学校园颇为流行并被管理者忽视，所以水烟已成为反烟运动者主要的担忧。
In recent years, its use has spread to the United States, Europe and, to a lesser extent,South America.
近年来，水烟已流入美国、欧洲和南美的部分地区。
Gemma Vestal of the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative told AFP that while shishas were previously the domain of older males, ”younger people between 18- and 24-years old living in cities and educated“ are increasingly smoking them.
世界卫生组织无烟倡议行动的杰玛·维斯塔说，虽然先前吸食水烟的群体是老年男性，但是越来越多年龄在18岁到24岁之间、住在城市且受过教育的年轻人都开始吸食水烟。
The chairman of pathology and laboratory medicine at the American University of Beirut, Ghazi Zaatari, says aromatic flavourings known as maasal added to the tobacco offer younger smokers a ”smoother and more tolerated“ alternative to the taste of traditional tobacco.
贝鲁特美国大学的病理学和实验室医学主席加齐·扎泰里说，水烟中添加的一种叫做maasal的芳香味道给年轻烟民提供了比传统烟草“更顺畅，更易接受”的味道。
And the ”water pipe has an interesting design because it somewhat engages your five senses. You're holding the hose, there’s something you're looking at, there is the aroma, there is the sound of the bubbling and there is this kind of sensational thing with the social gathering.“
而且水烟的设计很有趣，因为它从某种程度上同时调动吸烟者的五官感受。你拿着烟管，你看着它，它有香味，它有冒泡的声音，此外，在社交聚会中吸水烟是一件多么美妙的事。
In social gatherings that last for an average of an hour, the smoker can quickly get ”hooked on it because of the nicotine.“
在持续平均一小时的社交聚会中，水烟吸食者会迅速对它上瘾，因为它含有尼古丁。
Moreover, the smoke from charcoal used to heat the tobacco contains toxins.
此外，用于加热烟草木炭释放的烟雾也含有毒素。
The WHO said harmful effects include impact on the ”respiratory system, cardiovascular system, oral activity and teeth.“
世界卫生组织称，它会对人的健康造成危害，包括损坏呼吸系统，心血管系统，口腔活动和牙齿等。
In addition to the dangers of lung cancer, data also suggest probable associations with oral, oesophageal, gastric, and urinary bladder cancer, as well as chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, stroke as well as other illnesses.
除了肺癌的危险，数据还表明吸食水烟的危害可能与口腔癌、食管癌、胃癌和膀胱癌，以及慢性支气管炎、心血管疾病、中风，以及其他疾病相关联。
Global tobacco companies are increasingly investing in the water pipe business, experts say, while little has been done to curb their use, despite a crackdown on cigarettes.
专家表示，全球的烟草公司正越来越多地投资于水烟行业，但是除了打击烟草行业以外，对于水烟的消费没有任何限制措施。
According to The Tobacco Atlas, ”water pipes fall into a less heavily or un-regulated group of tobacco products“ in most countries.
根据烟草图册介绍，水烟在大多数国家是不受严重监管或不监管的烟草产品。 ”There has been a gap for a while and now hopefully, with this global effort, they (tobacco regulators) are coming back to emphasise the importance of including the water pipe in all these policies and regulations on tobacco," Zaatari said.
“这个缺口已经存在一段时间了，希望通过全球的努力，他们(烟草监管者)能够强调将水烟纳入所有烟草政策和法规监管的重要性，”扎泰里说。
Brazil has taken measures to ban flavourings, while Turkey has extended warning labelling from cigarette packets to include the water pipe.
巴西已经采取措施禁止在水烟中加入香料，同时土耳其已将之前有关香烟烟盒上必须有警告标志的规定执行范围扩展至水烟领域。
And the ruler of the UAE emirate of Sharjah has banned the use of water pipes altogether, earning him an award this week from the WHO.
阿拉伯联合酋长国的沙迦酋长国国王已下令彻底禁止吸食水烟，世界卫生组织因此给他颁了一个奖。
Vocabulary
pathology：病理学
hose：软管
aroma：香味
oesophageal cancer：食道癌
urinary bladder cancer：膀胱癌
托福趣味阅读之麦兜的鱼丸粗面
McDull: Fish ball noodle, please.
麦兜：麻烦你，鱼丸粗面!
School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.
老板：没有粗面了。
McDull: Fish ball rice noodle then.
麦兜：这样啊……来一碗鱼丸河粉吧。
School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.
老板：没有鱼丸。
McDull: Chicken wing noodle then.
麦兜：这样啊……金钱肚粗面好了。
School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.
老板：没有粗面。
McDull: How about fish ball congee?
麦兜：那么要鱼丸油面吧。
School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.
老板：没有鱼丸。
McDull: Nothing left today? How about beef noodle?
麦兜：怎么样样都没了?那要个墨鱼丸粗面吧。
School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.
老板：没有粗面。
McDull: Again? Fried chicken wing with fish ball...
麦兜：又没啊?那麻烦来碗鱼丸金钱肚吧。
School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.
老板：没有鱼丸。
Darby: Hey, fish ball and noodle are both gone... You can't combine them with other things.
得巴：麦兜啊，鱼丸和粗面都卖光了，也就是所有的鱼丸或者粗面的搭配都没有了。
McDull: Can't combine them? A bowl of fish ball then.
麦兜：哦~没有那些搭配啊?那麻烦要净鱼丸吧。
School Principal and Logan: No fish ball left.
老板：没有鱼丸。
McDull: A bowl of noodle?
麦兜：那么净粗面呢?
School Principal and Logan: No noodle left.
老板：没有粗面
篇7：托福阅读推理题解题思路实战讲解
Paragraph 3: The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again. (TPO 26 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions)
Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemerals _____
A. produce even more seeds than in a wet year
B. do not sprout from their seeds
C. bloom much later than in a wet year
D. are more plentiful than perennials
解析：
答案：B
“suggest”表示是一道推理题，要推的是“干旱年的短生植物怎么样”，回到原段落，只能找到关于湿润年的信息，即最后一句：The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again. (直线表示主句的谓语动词，斜体或浪线表示从句的引导词，具体符号可以自己定)dormant表示休眠的，bloom表示开花。
句子翻译：短生植物种子的休眠状态会一直保持到下一个湿润年，那时沙漠再次开花。根据此句的意思作反向推理，就是“在干旱年时，短生植物种子是不发芽的”，正好对应到选项B(sprout表示发芽)。
错误答案：C
原因：当时的确也是看了最后一句，主要还是单词问题，不认识dormant和bloom，导致对句子理解有误。选项C的意思是“短生植物在干旱年开花的时间要比在湿润年时晚很多”，根据最后一句，这点是推不出来的。
其他生词：precipitation 表示降水量 vigorously表示强有力地;茁壮地 replenish表示补充。
托福阅读长难句100句：舞蹈动作
今天我们来看这样一个句子：
Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)
voluminous/v?'l?m?n?s/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的;
drapery/'drep?ri/n.布料
wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔术师用的)魔杖
costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服装, 服装式样
Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).
分析：
修饰一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，从句，修饰dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)这里还有一个从句哦。
中文：专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色
修饰二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，从句，修饰前面skirts or draperies，其实是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…
中文：她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动
修饰三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非谓语动词，修饰arms。主要这里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修饰wands
中文：有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长
主干：括号外面的，Fullerdevised a type of dance
参考翻译：
Fuller设计了一种(专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动，有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
看明白之后，别只看一遍，给我看几十遍!!没事就拿出来欣赏欣赏，直到你想吐为止
读书百遍，其义自现，阅读最强技巧的就是阅读。
托福阅读长难句100句是不断积累而来的。每个人英语水平不一样，你觉得这个句子有点难，你就记录下来，然后反复阅读，当你平时看得都是这样长句子的时候，再回去看TPO中正常的句子，你就会发现怎么一个句子两行就结束了，因为你平时看得都是五六行的句子，豁然开朗。)
托福阅读长难句100句：舞蹈艺术
Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)
词汇：
appeal v.恳求，呼吁;(对某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感兴趣;上诉
for one’s sake为了…的缘故
synthesize/?s?nθ??sa?z/v. 合成，综合
内容：
Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)
分析：
修饰一：(of French poets and painters)，介词短语，修饰the attention。大家注意英文喜欢把修饰成分放在后面，这个很重要。
中文：法国诗人和花季。
修饰二：(of the period) ，介词短语，修饰French poets and painters，也是放在后面哦。
修饰三：(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit)，同位语，用来解释说明前面的belief，这个同位语语放在这里分割了原句，大家断句的时候要注意。
中文：一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值。
修饰四：(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.)，从句，表示原因，大家注意我把同位语去掉了(因为不重要)，这样更能看清重要内容。这里有一个并列结构，是一个A, B, and C结构，不知道大家在看的时候有没有看出来，A= their liking for mystery，B= their belief in art for art’ssake，C= their efforts to synthesize form and content，插入语解释B。
中文：因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力
主干：括号外面的，Her dancing also attracted the attention
参考翻译：
她的舞蹈还吸引了当时法国一些诗人和画家的注意，因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰(这是一个19世纪的思想：艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值)以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力。
托福阅读长难句100句：消失的化石
At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups. (52, TPO5)
词汇：
paleontologist /?pe?l??n?t?l?d ??st/ n. 古生物学家
descendant /d?'send(?)nt/ n. 子孙，后代
分析：
修饰一：(present in these fossil beds)，形容词短语，修饰animals，注意是放在后面哦
中文：存在于这些化石床中
修饰二：(that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period)，从句，修饰body forms
中文：出现在Cambrian时期早期，并在这个时期末期前消失
修饰三：(leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.)，非谓语动词修饰前面的主干
中文：在现代动物群组中没有留下后代
主干：most paleontologists now agree that，that后面整个宾语从句，从all到groups
参考翻译：
曾经，存在于这些化石床中的动物被分配到各种现代动物群组中，但现在大多数古生物学家都同意：所有Tommotian的化石代表了出现在Cambrian时期早期并在这个时期末期前消失独特的化石形式，在现代动物群组中没有留下后代。
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