阅读中如何分析长难句
“maymay520”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇阅读中如何分析长难句，下面是小编给大家带来的阅读中如何分析长难句，以供大家参考，我们一起来看看吧!
篇1：阅读中如何分析长难句
近几年来，英语教学对阅读能力的要求越来越高，除了阅读量加大，词汇、语法知识要求提高外，更为突出的是阅读材料中难句增多。而难句又难在句子结构复杂、修饰语叠缀且信息容量大，是一些并列句、复合句或多种形式的定语、状语、插入语。有时一句话占几行，甚至是一个段落。如果对句法掌握不好或没养成理清复杂句子结构的习惯，对阅读文章中的长难句就会顾此失彼，影响对文章的理解。
下面我们来考察一下长难句的多种特点，并提出相应的解决办法。
1、多层修饰，插入成分或者补充说明的简单句（其中多层修饰包括v-ing/ v-ed/ adj./甚至从句）。
e.g. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one or moving to a new place.（上海，D）
方法：根据英语中的五种基本句型结构，找出句中的主语、谓语、宾语或表语，特别是先确定谓语动词，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等即可一目了然。
Practice1:
1)More married men than women named their wife/husband as best friend, most trusted person or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress（感情危机）.(NMET2001,E)
2)The standard $200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitations, gifts, games and prizes, paper goods, a party planner and the like.
2、一个长句由几个并列、转折、递进、对比关系的分句组成是阅读材料中常见的类型之一。主要的连词有：and, but, for, or, while等，然后又在各个分句中加上一个或一个以上的从句。
e.g. In the earliest known history the islands were considered part of Normandy, which was part of France, but the ruler of Normandy became king of England in 1066, and from then on the islands were looked upon as British island.(春季高考，A)
方法：找出句中连词或者分号等，理清分句之间的关系，再把各层分句的意思加以连贯就构成了长句的意思。
Practice2:
1)Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbotton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried there.
2)Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; wood was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from worldlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.
3、一些长句其实是由一个主句和几个状语从句构成多层次的主从复合句，常见的状语从句有：
时间状语从句：由when, before, as soon as, next time等引导。
地点状语从句：由where等引导。
目的状语从句：由so that, in order that等引导。
结果状语从句：由so, so/such…that, as a result, therefore, thus等引导。
条件状语从句：由if, unless, on condition that等引导。
让步状语从句：由although, though, no matter how, whenever, whoever等引导。
e.g. Whereas a woman’s closet female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.(NMET2001,E)
方法：找出连词，分清主句和从句，理清主从句之间的逻辑关系。
Pratice3:
1)If we make the earth a poor place to live on because we are careless or greedy（贪婪）or quarrelsome, our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us. (NMET2001,D)
2)Yet I did not know the real American society until I was injured in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor-and go to court. (shanghai2000, B)
4、一个长句由若干个名词性从句构成，如主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和定语从句，加深句子的理解难度。
e.g. Pasteur discover that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine. With the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.
方法：剔出从句，单独理解，再拼凑大意，便可降低难度。注意：分析时，注意找准同位语从句所解释说明的名词和定语从句的先行词。
1) What Winter knows the 19-year-old who saved hid life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honour his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation.
2) Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one’s ambition. (NMET2001,D)
5、特殊句型，如强调句，倒装句，省略句等。
方法：根据上下文和句子结构，使句子恢复原状，降低理解难度。
e.g. 1. No longer will the public accept the old attitude of “Buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it”.
→The public will no longer accept the old attitude of “Buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it”.
2. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there.
→He decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross.
→Only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross did he decide to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there.
EXERCISES
近几年来高考英语阅读理解长难句选析
1. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better so I doubled everything. (NMET2000,B)
高考题：Why did the woman’s attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful?
A. The canned orange had gone bad.
B. She didn’t use the right kind of flour.
C. The cookbook was hard to understand.
D. She did not follow the directions closely.
2. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast（酵母）made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. (NMET2000, D)
高考题：What made the dough in the bin look frightening?
A. The rising and falling movement. B. The strange-looking marks
C. Its shape D. Its size
3. Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels, or struggling with their ballalators through the cribe. These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that e simply can’t think of. (NMET 2000, D)
高考题：Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to .
A. tools used in farming B. ideas about modern life
C. unknown things in the future D. hunting skills in the Stone Age
4. At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floor’s chute doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. (NMET2000, E)
高考题：Before drooping rubbish into the chute you have to .
A. lock the other floor’s chute doors B. check if the container is full
C. press the correct button D. break up the rubbish
5. A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environment safety of a product before they buy it. (NMET2001, C)
高考题：It becomes clear from the text that the driving force（动力）behind green product is .
A. public caring for the environment B. companies’ desire for bigger sales
C, new ways of doing things D. rapid growth of supermarket
6. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. (NMET 2001, D)
高考题：Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their visit to Europe?
A. Most advertisements in France appear in English ones.
B. They know little of the history of the English language.
C. Many French words are similar to English ones.
D. They know French better than German.
7. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. (NMET2001, C)
高考题：What is the meaning of “the organic trend ” as the words are used in the text?
A. growing interest in organic food B. better quality of organic food
C. rising market for organic food D. higher prices of organic food
篇2：CET-4阅读中的长难句分析
CET-4阅读中的长难句分析
纵观大学英语四级考试历年试题,可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。不难理解,命题者在句子难度上大做文章,无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式,从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。本文结合历年真题,将其归类并逐一加以分析。
一、复合从句
这些句子往往较长,一个从句套着另一个从句,环环相扣,使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实,不管句子有多长多复杂,它只由两部分构成,即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架,主要指主谓宾结构(如:I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用,它既可以是单词,也可以是短语,更常见的则是从句,尤其是定语从句和状语从句。这些从句都很常见,考生比较熟悉,但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。
这时,考生应通过仔细分析,将每个修饰成分划出来,找出句子的主干,这样整个句子结构就清晰了
2001.1 CET-4 Passage 4
Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material. 回收利用不但可以创造就业机会,来促进当地经济的发展,还可以控制污染,并通过为工业提供更好的原材料来降低制造再生产品的工业部门的能源成本。
在这个句子中,主句有两个并列的谓语动词stimulates和trims,而且,trims有两个并列的宾语pollution control和energy costs, that引导的定语从句修饰industries一词。
1995.6 CET-4 Passage 4
Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long period of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his life time. 负责公众健康的官员已经指出,化学药品的生理影响会经过较长的时间积累下来,而它对人体的危害性则取决于一生中与其接触量的多少。
这里,pointed out后面接两个that引导的宾语从句;received throughout his life time为过去分词结构作exposures的'定语。
二、分隔结构
为了调整语气和增加补充信息,更主要的是为了平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻,使语义严密,结构紧凑,而将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来,这就是所谓的分隔结构(discontinuous structure)。考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外,还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置,也可以看作是插入现象,只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整,没有新增信息。
1991.6 CET-4 Passage 3
The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump-convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. 发生在巴尼・克拉克身上的奇迹--在用金属与塑料制造的泵替换下他原来那颗不健康的心脏之后,他依然活着,而且神志清醒--令新闻界、公众和众多医生都深信不疑未来已经到来。
句中两个破折号中间的内容是个插入语,起补充说明的作用,用来解释the sight of Barney Clark。
2001.1 CET-4 Passage 2
T
篇3：托福阅读长难句分析
The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed these scientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats. (TPO22,46)
candid photography n. 快拍摄影
subject n. 对象
radical /'r?d?kl/ adj. 根本的，基本的，彻底的
crop v. 剪短
impose /?m'p??z/ v. 将某事物强加於
compositional adj. 组成的
大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解
The new candid photography—(unposed pictures) (that were made) (when the subjects were unaware) (that their pictures were being taken)—confirmed these scientific results, and (at the same time), (thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images)(that the camera often imposed), suggested new compositional formats. (TPO22, 46)
篇4：托福阅读长难句分析
这种新的快拍摄影——在对象没有意识到他们正在被拍时，没有摆拍的照片——证实了这些科学结果，与此同时，由于相机经常自带对于图像彻底的裁剪，表明了新的构图方式。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词、从句和介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
篇5：托福阅读长难句分析
这个句子的主干就是The images were already familiar
断句一定要注意!!!
主语和谓语被非谓语动词以及从句隔开了。
修饰一：(produced by the camera obscura) ，非谓语动词，修饰the images
中文：由暗箱所产生的
修饰二：(a boxlike device) ，同位语
中文：盒装设备
修饰三：(that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper) ，从句，修饰a boxlike device)
中文：用一个小孔或透镜把一张图像投射到一块毛玻璃或一张纸上
修饰四：(by topographical artists) ，介词短语
中文：通过地形艺术家
修饰五：(like the Italian painter Canaletto)，介词短语
中文：像意大利画家Canaletto
修饰六：(in his detailed views of the city of Venice)，介词短语
中文：在详细呈现威尼斯风景时
篇6：托福阅读长难句分析
这个句子主干：
The new candid photography confirmed these scientific results and suggested new compositional formats.
修饰一：(unposed pictures) ，非谓语动词，修饰The new candid photography
中文：没有摆拍的照片
修饰二：(that were made) ，从句，修饰unposed pictures
中文：被拍
修饰三：(when the subjects were unaware) ，从句
中文：当对象没有意识到
修饰四：(that their pictures were beingtaken)，从句
中文：他们正在被拍
修饰五：(at the same time) ，介词短语
中文：同时
修饰六：(thanks to the radical cropping(trimming) of images) ，介词短语
中文：由于对于图像彻底的裁剪
修饰七：(that the camera often imposed) ，从句
中文：相机经常自带有
篇7：托福阅读长难句分析
The frequency with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term—the Panaramitee style—a label which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panaramitee North indesert South Australia, which are covered with motifs pecked into the surface.(TPO23, 51)
motif /m??'ti?f/ n. 装饰的图案或式样;(音乐的)乐旨,(文学的)主题.
term n. 术语
peck /pek/ v. <鸟>以喙啄
大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解
The frequency (with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites) has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term—the Panaramitee style—alabel (which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panaramitee North in desertSouth Australia),(which are covered with motifs pecked into the surface.) (TPO23, 51)
篇8：托福阅读长难句分析
这个句子的主干：The frequency has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term
注意这里的lead...to短语
修饰一：(with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites) ，从句，修饰the frequency
中文：一些简单图案出现在这些最古老遗址上
修饰二：(which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panaramitee North in desert South Australia) ，从句修饰a label，注意这个从句里面还有两个介词短语：
which takes its name (from the extensive rock pavements)(at Panaramitee North in desert South Australia)
(from the extensive rock pavements) ，来自宽广的岩石路面
(at Panaramitee North in desert South Australia)，在澳大利亚南部沙漠Panaramitee North
中文：取名于在澳大利亚南部沙漠Panaramitee North宽广的岩石路面
修饰三：(which are covered with motifs pecked into the surface.) ，从句，修饰rock pavements，注意这个从句里面还有个非谓语动词：
which are covered with motifs (pecked into the surface.)
(pecked into the surface.)，刻进路面
中文：这些路面被刻进表面的图案所覆盖
篇9：托福阅读长难句分析
今天我们来看这样一个句子：
The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper,were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. (TPO22, 56)
camera obscura n. 暗箱
pinhole n. 小孔，针孔
topographical /?t?p?'ɡr?fik?l/ adj. 地形上的，地形学的
大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解
The images (produced by the camera obscura), (a boxlike device) (that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper), were already familiar—the device had been much employed (bytopographical artists) (like the Italian painter Canaletto) (in his detailed views of the city of Venice). (TPO22, 56)
【阅读中如何分析长难句】相关文章：
文档为doc格式
